Pawpaw three-lobed frost resistance. Pawpaw three-blade (photo) planting and care

Pawpaw triloba or pawpaw triloba- a plant of the Annonaceae family. Since the fruits look somewhat reminiscent of banana and papaya, another name arose: “banana tree” or “American paw-paw”. For the first time they learned about pawpaw in North America. Today, the fruit has spread almost throughout the world and can most often be found on wet lands near rivers

The oblong-shaped fruits can reach a length of about 12 cm and a width of about 5 cm (see photo). A thin skin covers beige flesh, which is very juicy. Sweet pawpaw has the aroma of a mixture of strawberries and pineapple.

Pawpaw varieties

Today there are about six dozen varieties of pawpaw. Almost all of them were bred in countries such as Canada and the USA, which, however, is not at all surprising, because it was North America is the historical homeland of this exotic plant for us. Thus, almost all varieties that are on this moment grown in Russia, they are of North American origin.

The most common varieties of pawpaw:

1. Davis - the fruits of this variety are quite High Quality; They have a pleasant yellow flesh and a sweet taste.
2. Martin - a distinctive feature of this variety is its high cold resistance.
3. Overlease - this variety has characteristics similar to the Davis variety.

In nurseries you can also find pau pau of the following varieties:

• Green River;
• Rebecca's Gold;
• Mitchell;
• Taylor and many others.

However, one should not think that domestic breeders are not at all interested in the banana tree. This is wrong! There are several varieties bred in the post-Soviet space. One of them, for example, is dessert pawpaw. The plant itself is medium-sized, its fruits are mid-ripening, weighing up to 270 grams. Yellow color The pulp of the fruit takes up up to 95%. It has a very pleasant mild taste.

Another domestic variety of pau pau is called “Sochinskaya 11”. This plant is vigorous and its fruits are early ripening. The fruits of this variety are large in size; they can weigh up to 350 grams. The pulp of the fruit is yellow-orange. Its taste is extremely pleasant.

Beneficial features

Beneficial features The fruits of the banana tree are quite extensive. Thus, pawpaw (Pau Pau) has the ability to remove bad substances and decay products from the body, which means it will be useful to use for poisoning. It has been proven that regular consumption of fruits has a rejuvenating effect on the body. Due to the acetogenin content, the fruit slows down the growth and prevents the spread of cancer cells. In addition, these substances have the ability to destroy cancer cells that were not killed by chemotherapy courses.

Paw paw extract (Paw Paw) has a positive effect on the immune system. It also increases protective functions and reduces the negative effects of stress and free radicals on the body. The fruit extract also helps cope with nervous disorders and psychosis.

Beneficial properties of pawpaw are used for cosmetic purposes. For example, at home you can make a mask from the pulp that not only refreshes, but also tightens the skin. In addition, such masks have a rejuvenating effect.

Contains pawpaw and potassium, which is necessary for normal operation of cardio-vascular system. Thanks to a huge number beneficial properties this plant is used in the pharmacological industry for the manufacture of drugs that are aimed at combating cancer.

Use in cooking

Pawpaw (Pau Pau) is used in cooking not only in fresh, but also in processed form. In order to preserve the fruits long time, they are canned, and also made into preserves and jams. You can make syrup, marmalade and various drinks from the fruit. In addition, the pulp is used as a filling for baked goods, and many delicious desserts can be made from it.

Harm of paw paws (Pau Pau) and contraindications

Pawpaw (paw paw) can be harmful to people with individual intolerance to the product, as well as to diabetics, because its fruits contain a lot of sucrose. Pregnant and breastfeeding women have contraindications to consuming the fruit.

Growing and caring for a plant

Growing a banana tree in Russia is possible in those regions that have at least 160 frost-free days per year. The most suitable territories are Crimea, Krasnodar Territory and the Caucasus. In addition, with additional watering, pawpaw can be grown in Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, in Kalmykia, as well as in the Saratov region. If, in addition to watering, you also provide the tree with light shelter on winter period, then you can also plant it in the Kursk, Voronezh, Belgorod, Orenburg and Samara regions.

The soil for a banana tree should be slightly acidic and light. Clay and alkaline soils are not suitable for this purpose at all. In addition, you need to take into account that pawpaw does not tolerate stagnant water, and therefore it is best to equip the bottom of the planting hole with drainage.

When planting a plant, you also need to be careful when choosing a site. It should be sufficiently warm and well-lit, as well as reliably protected from the winds.

The plant can be grown using seeds, root suckers and cuttings.

Let's consider the first option first. Since pawpaw is a tropical plant, it it is better to stratify the seeds at a temperature range from +5 to +7 degrees (stratification is the process of keeping the seeds of a particular plant at a certain temperature so that they germinate faster, in addition, such manipulation allows you to increase germination). Before planting, the seeds should be soaked in water for five days. At the same time, the water is changed daily. After five days, the seeds are planted in the ground to a depth of about three centimeters. The first shoots, if everything was done correctly and the specified nuances were observed, should appear a month after planting. In addition, we draw your attention to the fact that seedlings grown in this way should not be disturbed or replanted, since pawpaw has a very delicate root system which is easy to injure. Thus, tropical tree It is better to immediately determine the “permanent residence” on the site.

The next option for growing pawpaw is growing using root suckers. So, the root shoot needs to be broken off, planted deep in the soil, and then watered thoroughly. The first shoots will appear a month after planting.

As for planting pawpaw cuttings, it is carried out as follows. The cuttings are cut in the spring and then buried, leaving only one bud. After this, a mini greenhouse is built for the cuttings. It is constantly ventilated, and the plant is watered abundantly. After a month, the first shoots should appear. It will be possible to plant such a seedling for permanent residence next year.

Caring for pawpaw is not difficult. The main thing is sufficient watering, since the plant is moisture-loving. As for feeding, it is not needed at all in the first year of life. Then nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers should be applied to the soil. In addition, you need to loosen the root zone, but under no circumstances dig it up, so as not to damage the root system.

In some regions, which were discussed earlier, the tree will have to be insulated for the winter.

Since natural plant pollinators, such as hummingbirds, do not live in our latitudes, then the pollination process will need to be taken into your own hands. For this you will need a piece of cotton wool attached to a rigid wire. Using this simple device you will need to transfer pollen from one flower to another. However, you don’t have to do this, entrusting the pollination process to the wind.

To summarize, we note that by following all of the above recommendations, you can please yourself and your loved ones with delicious and very healthy fruits.

In the USA, the three-lobed pawpaw is called “paw-paw”, “Nebraska banana”, “banana tree”. These popular names of the plant are associated with the shape of the pawpaw fruit - they are elongated, like those of the pawpaw, but much smaller in size.
The main advantage of the three-lobed pawpaw is its wonderful fruits, for which it is grown. The taste of its fruits is extraordinary - it really resembles bananas, but softer, and the pulp of the pawpaw fruit has a strong and very pleasant aroma.

I must say that the pawpaw fruits seemed to me the most delicious of all that I had ever tasted. And so one day, when an acquaintance treated me to them, I really wanted to have such a crop on my site.

Having accumulated many years of experience in propagating and growing this plant, I would like to supplement the information posted on the site.

Pawpaw in nature and in the garden

The pawpaw genus includes 8 species distributed throughout the United States. Of these, six species grow in Florida, one is found in Texas. And one of the most common types of pawpaw grows throughout almost the entire territory of the country right up to the Canadian border - it is this one that is of the greatest interest for cultivation in our country. The botanical name of this common species is pawpaw three-lobed(Asimina triloba).

Pawpaw three-lobed (hereinafter referred to as pawpaw) is a small deciduous, slow-growing tree that lives on loose soils in floodplains. According to literature data, this plant tolerates frosts down to –25 C.
In the region where my garden is located (Tuapse), such severe frosts do not occur. But my friend, who lives near Krasnodar, had frozen pawpaws on his trees in the harsh winter of 2005/2006, when the temperature dropped to -28 C flower buds(although the wood and growth buds were not damaged).

Pawpaw propagation by seeds

Pawpaw's seeds are very large, like those of.
I decided that pawpaw seeds needed, since this plant comes from subtropical and temperate zones.

Immediately after removal from the fruit, I placed the pawpaw seeds in loose, fertile soil, planting them in separate seedling cups. Then I buried the cups with seeds in the elevated areas of the garden, at a shallow depth.
During the winter, I made sure that water did not stagnate in the glasses with semans.

In April, some pawpaw seeds began to germinate, and I began to plant the seedlings in a permanent location.
During the spring, I carefully monitored the soil moisture, preventing it from drying out.

Since the soil on my site is heavy and clayey, before planting the seeds I completely replaced it with wood humus (I took it from the rotted trunks of edible chestnut, which is abundant in our forest).
I made planting holes for pawpaws different sizes, placing them both in partial shade and in sunny areas. I made the largest hole about 1 meter deep and about half a meter in diameter - about 20 buckets of humus went into it.

Development of pawpaw seedlings and care for them

Pawpaw seedlings appeared from May to August, and out of the 14 seeds planted, 11 sprouted. In the first year, I did not feed the plants, I only watered the seedlings as needed. The growth of pawpaw seedlings during the first season ranged from 10 to 30 cm. In October, their leaves turned yellow and fell off; young trees went into a dormant state.

The following spring, in April, sap flow began among pawpaw seedlings, and buds began to bloom on their tops. At this time, I fertilized the young plants with nitrodiammophos (about 20 g per bucket of water), but did not detect any particular reaction to the fertilizer in the plants.
At the end of summer, I fed the young pawpaw trees, and did not fertilize them with anything else that season.

Simultaneously with the buds opening, 2 more pawpaw seeds sprouted on the overwintered plants, which had not sprouted last year.
In the second year, the growth of pawpaw seedlings also ranged from 10 to 30 cm.

In the third year, the last pawpaw seed sprouted, and the plants that sprouted in the first year grew from 20 to 40 cm.

It became obvious that young pawpaw trees growing in the shade developed worse than in the sun. Therefore, they had to be replanted, to which they reacted very painfully - growth stopped for 1-2 years.

In the fourth year, the pawpaw seedlings began to form lateral branches.

Interesting feature The pawpaw tree is that its skeletal branches are formed strictly in one plane, i.e. represent a classic palmette.

In the photo: a small pawpaw tree in summer; Pawpaw in the fall.

Due to lack of free space in the garden, I kept only three pawpaw trees for myself, and gave away the rest of the seedlings.
As the pawpaw grew, over the years I began to increase the amount of fertilizing and the dose of fertilizer, and I only used.
It turned out that pawpaw is responsive to fertilizing, especially nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers.

Flowering and fruiting of pawpaws

In the sixth year of cultivation, fruit buds began to form on one pawpaw tree. They were the size of a match head, and became clearly visible after the leaves fell.

The following spring, pawpaw fruit buds began to bloom in March, long before the leaf buds opened.
Flowers bloomed from them in April unusual shape and colors are light brown, with 6 petals and a large number of stamens. Pawpaw flowers have a faint and very unpleasant odor, reminiscent of rotten meat. This smell attracts carrion flies, which are the main pollinators of pawpaw flowers in our conditions. And bees are not at all interested in pawpaw flowers.

Pawpaw can be pollinated by its own pollen, but pollination within the same flower is excluded. The fact is that in a pawpaw flower, the stigma of the pistil ripens first. After 1-2 days, pollen begins to fall out from the anthers of the stamens, and by this time the pistil withers. This is why the first pawpaw flowers do not produce ovaries.

In the first year, only 3 flowers bloomed on one pawpaw tree, and pollination did not take place.
IN next year on one pawpaw tree there were about 100 flowers, and on the other about 70. Moreover, their flowering lasted for 3 weeks, which made it possible to carry out both cross-pollination and pollination of flowers with their own pollen.

Pawpaw flowers are drooping, they are easy to pollinate - just tie a stiff wire to a piece of cotton wool and transfer the pollen from one flower to another.
Despite the pollination of pawpaw flowers by carrion flies, artificial pollination increases the percentage of fruit set. Even with artificial pollination, the ovaries produce about 60 percent of pollinated flowers, and about 80 percent of the formed ovaries fall off - this is a normal phenomenon.

Pawpaw flowers are often visited, but their participation in pollination is unlikely - these beetles are attracted only by the pollen of the plant, which they happily eat along with the stamens, but do not touch the ovaries.

Immediately after pollination of the ovary flowers, the pawpaws began to grow very actively. Within a month and a half, the ovaries reached half their final size.
In pawpaw fruits, from 2 to 8 fruits were formed (usually 2-3 fruits). There were also single fruits, but they were few.
Some pawpaw fruits reached considerable weight, so supports had to be placed under the heavy branches.

At the end of August and beginning of September, shortly before the pawpaw fruits ripened, they grew a little more and began to change color to lemon yellow.
When fully ripe, the pawpaw fruits fell off. And if they were damaged when dropped, they deteriorated very quickly - after only 3-4 hours at room temperature.
Intact, ripe pawpaw fruits tasted best immediately after falling from the tree, but the next day they tasted like burnt coffee...
I tried picking pawpaw fruits from the tree shortly before they ripened. When they ripened in storage, their juiciness was very low.

It is interesting that in pawpaw fruit the fruits do not ripen at the same time. But the infructescence falls off only after the last fruit in it has ripened, which is why the first ripened fruits become overripe on the tree. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly check the degree of ripening of each fruit in pawpaw fruit after the fruit begins to change color.
Ripe pawpaw fruits easily come off when you touch them, while unripe ones hold on firmly.

In the photo: ripening pawpaw fruit; pawpaw fruits removed

Pawpaw fruits should be used immediately after they ripen. Their skin is very thin, translucent; it peels off easily, like a banana.
There is evidence in the literature that jam and compotes are made from pawpaw fruits. But I only used them in fresh due to small harvests.

It must be said that the yield of pawpaw in comparison with many other fruits is very low. Even in mature trees, the yield ranges from 25 to 40 kg of fruit per tree. But this drawback is compensated by the excellent taste of the fruit and the absolute resistance of this plant to.
In 26 years of growing pawpaw, I have not noticed any damage to my plants. And I have not heard from any of my friends who grow pawpaw that it was damaged in any way.

Pawpaw selection

Pawpaw was introduced into cultivation a little over 100 years ago, and therefore there are few varieties of it.

In total, about 60 varieties of three-lobed pawpaw are known. U different varieties fruits differ in terms of ripening, size, and the size of seeds in the fruits. Obviously, in the near future, breeders will eliminate such a disadvantage as the low yield of pawpaw.

Now I grow five varieties (more precisely, varieties) of pawpaw in my garden. Of these, two varieties were obtained by me from the Institute of Mountain Horticulture in Sochi, where pawpaw breeding is carried out in Russia. One variety of pawpaw was purchased at the market, and its origin could not be determined. Another variety of pawpaw was obtained from near Sukhumi, where pawpaw selection was carried out during Soviet times. And another one grew from the rootstock that was left after the death of the varietal pawpaw graft.

It must be said that the taste of the fruits of different varieties of pawpaw is very different from each other. The sweetest fruits turned out to be pawpaws from my rootstock, the graft on which died. And the pawpaw varieties from Sochi have the most unsweetened fruits; but they ripen later than others, which allows you to extend the period of consumption of fresh fruits.

At the end of August, the first pawpaw fruits ripen - on the tree that I received from near Sukhumi. They are sweet, but rather dry, and their weight rarely exceeds 100 g.
At the beginning of September, the fruits on the pawpaw tree that I bought at the market, as well as on the tree that grew from the rootstock, begin to ripen. In these two larger-fruited pawpaw varieties, the fruit weight reaches 200 g.
And finally, in October the fruits on the trees of Sochi selection ripen; their weight is also about 200 g. Below I will give the characteristics of these two varieties of pawpaw.

Three-bladed pawpaw “Sochinskaya-17”- fruits up to 200 g, harmonious taste (but, in my opinion, they have little sweetness), average yield.

Pawpaw three-lobed “Dessert”- the taste and size of the fruit is practically no different from the previous variety. But it has very small seeds, which increases the volume of pulp in the fruit. Productivity is average.

Pawpaw grafting

I would like to say a little about pawpaw grafting. In one of the articles I read that it is difficult to plant pawpaw - I cannot agree with this. From my own experience, I can say that grafting a pawpaw is no more difficult than a pear tree.

I graft pawpaw at the beginning of sap flow (in March) with a lignified cutting of a splitting tree. I cut the rootstock and split it lengthwise by 1-1.5 cm, and sharpen the scion into a wedge shape and insert it into the split of the rootstock. The cambial layers must coincide on at least one side.
I wrap the graft tightly polymer film, and cover the top with a polymer cap to protect it from moisture.

The pawpaw graft usually takes root within 2 weeks, which can be judged by the time the buds awaken in the scion. After this, I remove the cap, but at first I do not completely open the place where the scion grows together with the rootstock (I just loosen the binding). Only after a month and a half, when the graft has taken root well, do I completely remove the bandage.
Out of six pawpaw vaccinations, five took root.

As a result of the grafting, I now have five varieties of pawpaw on three pawpaw trees: one tree has three varieties, and the other trees have one variety each.

Placing pawpaw trees in the garden

For the best fruiting of pawpaws, it is important to choose the most appropriate place for planting a tree.
Regarding the optimal placement of pawpaws on garden plot: It seems to me that, at least in the southern regions, pawpaw should be placed in partial shade.

In my garden, one pawpaw tree grows near the forest on the border of the plot, where the sun is about 4 hours a day.
Another pawpaw grows next to a tree that shades the pawpaw in the first half of the day.
The third pawpaw tree grows between trellises with vines that protect it from the early morning and evening sun. As a result, this tree is in the sun for no more than 3 hours in the middle of the day, and it is on it that the best fruiting is observed.

In the gardening season of 2015, when September turned out to be dry and hot (daytime temperatures were no lower than +30 C), on a pawpaw tree that was in the sun for half a day, all the fruits were sunny side worried. And on the remaining pawpaw trees the fruits were not damaged.

So far, the yield of my pawpaw trees is low: it does not exceed 10 kg per tree. But I believe that over time my trees will be able to produce more.
I believe that pawpaw deserves wide distribution in household plots, at least in the south of our country.

Vladimir Vasilievich Chernyak (Tuapse, Russia)

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A rather unusual and interesting plant is the one called Pawpaw. Growing in open ground This exotic tree is quite possible in our latitudes. As it turned out, the banana tree, as Azimina is popularly called, tolerates frosts down to -20 degrees, and even short-term frosts down to -35 degrees.

In my own way appearance The three-lobed pawpaw is a deciduous tree, although it is not tropical. The plant is famous for its large leaves, which have a bright green color and a glossy surface. Like all deciduous plants, autumn period the tree sheds its leaves for the winter.
Azimina blooms from April to May with small flowers of burgundy or Brown.

The exotic component of the plant is the elongated fruits, which turn yellow as they ripen and resemble bananas.

Growing methods

The banana tree is native to North America, but today it can be found in European countries and even in Japan. Russian gardeners also noticed this bright and interesting tree, planting in open ground. It should be noted that the most attractive conditions for Azimina will be the southern regions of the country. At the same time, gardeners northern districts Don’t be upset, because they too will be able to try the exotic banana. To do this, it is recommended to plant the plant in a pot for the winter, and from spring to autumn plant it in open ground.
The three-lobed pawpaw is recommended for amateur gardeners, as it is not at all whimsical and does not suffer from various diseases and pests. The most popular varieties are: Martin, Sochinskaya 11, Rebecca's Zoloto, etc.

How to plant correctly

For a banana, you should properly prepare the land, which must be fertile and drained. Azimina has an excellent attitude towards organic matter, favors moisture, but does not tolerate stagnant water at all.
If you decide to plant this exotic tree, then it is best to select a well-lit place, or at least a little shaded. If the plant is very small, it can be planted in the shade and then replanted as it grows. Protect Azimina from drafts.

Reproduction

The process of propagating a banana tree is quite complex, which can be done using seeds, root shoots or grafting. The seeds germinate very poorly and take a long time, the shoots are few in number, and the young shoots take root poorly.
If you are lucky and the plant has taken root, then it requires traditional care. Constant regular watering, fertilizing in spring and summer, mulching the tree trunk area and pruning as necessary. As a rule, it is done immediately after the winter period, before sap flow begins.

Pawpaw, which is grown in open ground, must be covered for the winter, especially when it comes to young plant. If the tree grows in a tub, then it should be brought indoors for this period.

In nature there are a lot of different types of tasty and healthy fruit plants. But very little is known about many. For example, in the Annonaceae family there are many species that bear tasty fruits. They all love warmth and grow mainly in tropical forests. The exception is the three-lobed pawpaw. This plant has the appearance of a tree and can tolerate air temperatures down to -30 degrees. Therefore, this crop is widespread in gardens with climatic conditions far from subtropics; the main thing is to observe certain growing conditions in order to achieve high yields. But it is grown not only as a fruit tree, it is widely used in medicine.

Botanical characteristics

The fruit plant pawpaw three-lobed is distributed along the banks of rivers in the subtropics of North America. Trees can be seen even in Canada. IN wildlife it grows in the form of shrubs, up to 10-15 m in height, since this plant produces many shoots. They do not bear fruit, but using the cutting method, it is convenient to grow such trees under cultural conditions. Pawpaw among gardeners was called the banana tree because of the similarity of the fruits in shape and appearance to bananas.

The bark is smooth, olive-brown, which over the years acquires a gray tint and becomes covered with pimples, reminiscent of warts. The leaves of the plant are dark green, large, regular oval shape, in length from 10 to 30 cm, and in width reach 12 cm. In autumn they turn light yellow and fall out.

From the end of April, beginning of May, shaggy red-brown three-lobed flowers appear, large sizes, shaped like bells. They reach 5-6 cm in diameter and contain up to 9 pistils. This makes it possible to obtain several fruits from one flower, which has a light but bad smell. It is cross-pollinated by bees, flies and other insects.

Pawpaw fruits ripen no earlier than the end of September. The light yellow skin peels off easily. The creamy pulp is very sweet, pasty, and its taste characteristics are reminiscent of a banana mixture with the smell of strawberries.

Fruits cannot be stored for a long time and therefore, after harvesting, they are made into jams, preserves or eaten immediately. They contain a large number of vitamins A and C, which help strengthen the immune system. They contain high level sucrose, so these will be an excellent snack for people watching their figure, calorie content 100g. pulp is 150kcal. For those who like to cleanse the body, the “banana tree” will be an excellent assistant; for this, it is enough to eat one fruit a day.

Types of pawpaws

In the gardens of North and South America, France, Italy and other countries, from 10 to 60 species of pawpaw are common, which differ in their botanical characteristics. The most common types are:

• Pawpaw dwarf
• Azimina inkana
• Sochinskaya 11
• Pawpaw triloba

The main work on growing new varieties is carried out in the USA.

The dwarf pawpaw is a shrub, just over a meter high, with standard, ovate leaves. This shrub blooms with delicate purple flowers about two cm in diameter. It will become a decoration in the garden, as well as in tubs indoors. This shrub is used as an ornamental plant or for medicinal purposes.

Pawpaw inkana is also a shrub. Distinctive feature This species has oblong leaves, pointed at the end. This early variety, which blooms in March and bears fruit in August. It grows well in room conditions. He doesn't like straight lines sun rays.

The Sochi 11 species, which was bred by Russian breeders, is very common. This variety is early ripening, bears large fruits with bright yellow, tasty pulp, up to 350 g. every.

In the territory Russian Federation The most common frost-resistant varieties are: pawpaw three-lobed or triloba. It is presented in the form of large trees with a pyramidal crown approximately 10 - 12 m in height. Large bright ovoid leaves and large dark burgundy flowers compete ornamental plants. Flower petals in the amount of 6 pieces look like blades, which is why pawpaw triloba is called three-lobed.

Useful properties of pawpaw

Pawpaw three-lobed received the name “banana tree” not only because of the banana taste of the fruits, but in their composition both of these fruits are very similar. They are rich in pectin, vitamins and microelements (potassium, magnesium, iron, calcium). The beneficial properties of pawpaw are numerous. An emetic is made from the seeds to cleanse the body of toxins; decoctions of the leaves are used as a diuretic.

The pulp from the fruit is applied to the skin for rejuvenation, and when eaten it acts as an antitumor agent. Scientists have discovered that some substances in this tree fight even cancer cells that are not destroyed by chemotherapy. Eating these fruits strengthens general state immunity.

Planting and care

Growing pawpaw does not require special effort, since this plant feels good both in tropical forests and in temperate climate. Planting banana trees is becoming increasingly popular. middle lane Russia. Due to the fact that the buds are covered with a thin protective film, they can withstand very low temperatures, and sufficient daylight in the Moscow region makes it possible for the fruits to ripen.

Perhaps the main condition for growing is sufficient quantity light, although one biennial plants should be protected from bright sunlight. Exists unusual method tree planting. It is placed in a tube about 20–30 cm high to protect it from light. If a plant emerges from it, then it will continue to grow. The three-lobed pawpaw is afraid of strong winds and does not like stagnant moisture. Therefore, you should water it little by little and often.

Before planting in open ground, the soil must be prepared. Light soil enriched with fertilizers is preferred. It is advisable to mix the soil with drainage. This will reduce the load on the weak root system and prevent water from stagnating.

In the first years of the tree's life, fertilizing is not needed. The plant should be watered 2 times a week, but the soil should always be moist.

Despite the rather cold winters of the Moscow region, the Nebraska banana should not be covered. In winter, fertilizing can be done approximately once a month, and during the growing and fruiting season, once a week. At the beginning of spring, pruning is done to form the crown. The branches are tied up, as they often break due to the weight of the fruit.

Pawpaw propagation by seeds

It was previously mentioned that the banana tree sends out many shoots, so it is easy to propagate by cuttings. But growing at home is possible with seeds.

Brown seeds measuring 2 cm or more are located in two rows in the fruit and look slightly flattened. For good germination of banana seeds, a temperature of 0 to 4 degrees is created. They can be mixed with peat or sand, placed in a regular plastic bag. They are stored like this for up to 4 months. After this, they are planted in pots to a depth of 30–50 cm. The seeds germinate in 2–2.5 months. The replanting process must be done carefully, because the root system is very weak and the sprouts can be easily damaged.

Planting pawpaws

To grow on personal plot banana tree there are some factors to consider:

• the plant should be planted behind the house to shelter it from the wind; exclude the north side when planting;
• planting time - spring;
• must be planted immediately in a permanent place;
• Sprinkle wood ash or expanded clay onto the bottom of the dug hole, then add sand;
• mix the soil with organic fertilizer;

Planting and growing pawpaws in open ground, for example in the Krasnodar Territory, Crimea, and the Caucasus, will not bring much trouble; it will bring good harvest, since there are more than 150 - 160 frost-free days. This will allow the Paw Paw tree to go through its entire life cycle.

Pawpaw grafting

A common method of propagating shrubs and trees is grafting. This vegetative method reproduction by association different parts plants.

Pawpaw grafting occurs in the spring, in April:

• It is necessary to cut off part of the cutting with a bud;
• Wedge the rootstock 9lower part of the plant lengthwise into 2 parts;
• Scion 9 (upper part of the plant with a bud) make pointed;
• Connect both parts and wrap well.
• Wrap the graft with cling film to protect it from moisture.
• After 2 weeks, new buds should appear. This means that the vaccine has taken root.
• After 3 - 4 weeks, you can remove the wrapping and enjoy the new tree.

Pawpaw care

When growing a Nebraska tree, you should follow the rules for caring for it.

• Required in spring and summer frequent watering, and a gradual reduction in watering from August.
• In the autumn-winter period it is necessary to water once every 30 days.
• Azimina is not afraid of pests, but due to excessive watering, the root system may begin to rot.
• Watering should be moderate.
• After 3-4 days, light loosening of the soil is carried out.
• Feeding is carried out starting from two to three years of age of the plant.
• Organic fertilizers should consist of manure mixed with ash.
• They contribute mineral fertilizers with a high content of phosphorus and nitrogen.
• In spring and summer, fertilizing is carried out every week. And in winter only once a month.

The pawpaw tree begins to bear fruit only in the 6th – 7th year of cultivation. Therefore, gardeners must be patient and follow a few tips in order to grow juicy and tasty banana-like fruits.

There is a wide variety of fruit plants in nature. Some of them are well known all over the world. Others are not very popular, but this does not make their fruits any less tasty and healthy. These plants include the three-lobed pawpaw, which has truly unique properties. In her honor, a special fruit festival is even held in the American state of Ohio near Albany. What is this culture?

Pawpaw three-lobed

The fruit crop of pawpaw three-lobed is a deciduous, moisture-loving plant native to North America. In nature, it is found only in the United States, where it grows as shrubs along river banks and in shady forests on fairly moist soil. Some cultural forms of pawpaw have spread to other countries. IN favorable conditions the plant most often has the appearance of a tree, which reaches a height of 12-15 m. Despite the fact that pawpaw is a subtropical plant, it has high frost resistance.

This fruit tree Can serve as a wonderful garden decoration. The pyramidal crown of the plant looks very interesting. It is formed by large glossy ovoid leaves up to 33 cm in length and up to 12 cm in width, which appear after the flowers bloom. In this case, the lower surface of each leaf has a reddish-brown tint.

During flowering, pawpaw has a very decorative look thanks to large bright flowers of purple or red shades with a diameter of up to 6 cm. Each flower consists of only six large petals, which form peculiar blades arranged in two rows, which made it possible to call pawpaw three-lobed. A peculiarity of the plant is a slight but unpleasant smell of stale meat, which disappears when the fruit appears.

Pawpaw fruits

Each pawpaw flower is capable of bearing several fruits, since it has from 2 to 9 pistils. However, the very early maturation of the stigma of the pistil excludes the possibility of self-pollination of the flower, so the plants require cross-pollination. Pawpaw fruits are berries of irregular, oblong-curved shape. They ripen in late September - early October and, depending on the variety, weigh from 60 g to 200 g.

The fruit is covered with a thin green peel, which later turns yellowish. Inside the fruit there is a sweet light pulp, which has a peculiar strawberry-pineapple aroma. The taste of pawpaw is reminiscent of both banana and mango. The fruits of the plant are collected in inflorescences, each of which can contain up to 9 pieces at a time.

The shape of the fruit is somewhat similar to bananas, which is why many call pawpaw a banana tree. Similarities can also be found in the composition of these plants, the main riches of which are pectin, ascorbic acid and microelements such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron. Each of the fruits has a high content nutrients. Pawpaw fruits, like other fruits, are consumed freshly picked; jam, jam, and marmalade are also prepared from them.

Different parts of the plant have specific medicinal properties. For example, pawpaw seeds contain the alkaloid pawpaw, which is used for poisoning as an effective emetic that helps remove toxins from the body. A decoction of young leaves is a good substitute for diuretics, and freshly squeezed juice has a noticeable anthelmintic effect. In addition, pawpaw three-lobed can have a fairly strong antitumor effect. The extract from its fruit strengthens the immune system.

Pawpaw fruits are the most valuable food product. In addition to their nutritional and medicinal properties, they give a person pleasant taste sensations, promoting the production of endorphin - the “hormone of joy”. This allows us to see in the pawpaw a banana tree, which is a kind of substitute for a vine with well-known fruits.

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