Waterproofing strip, column and pile foundations - what materials to choose and design rules. Pouring the strip foundation into the ground

Waterproofing a strip foundation with your own hands includes protecting the vertical parts and the horizontal surface at the base level. The side parts are coated with bitumen if there is contact with the ground.

This type of foundation is perhaps the most common load-bearing structure for residential buildings, because the construction work for its construction is quite simple. Waterproofing a strip foundation with your own hands includes protecting the vertical parts and the horizontal surface at the base level. The side parts are coated with bitumen if there is contact with the ground.

It is worth mentioning that the consumption of materials for waterproofing work on a strip foundation is quite moderate, which makes such a load-bearing building structure optimal in terms of price, quality and construction time.

One of the main criteria when calculating a strip foundation is the composition of the foundation soil and the level of groundwater. In addition to calculating dimensions, frame reinforcement scheme and concrete grade, these parameters are also important to take into account when installing waterproofing finished design, since this will largely determine its durability and load-bearing capacity.

Features of insulation work on strip foundations

Device diagram horizontal waterproofing tapes

Those who are faced with the construction of their home for the first time and have decided to build it on a shallow strip foundation should remember important point– waterproofing of the strip foundation is mandatory! This rule cannot be neglected even in cases where the structure will be located on rocky soils and there is no groundwater level in the freezing zone of the ground. In addition to waterproofing and insulating the foundation itself, it is highly desirable to make a blind area.

Waterproofing a strip foundation consists of the following steps:

1. Insulation work carried out at the stage earthworks. This work includes the installation of a horizontal layer of roofing material under the foundation pad. This protection laid directly on the ground, drainage layer or coarse bedding, depending on the design design. The main task of this layer of roofing material is to protect the foundation cushion from possible flooding or frost heaving of the soil. To prevent premature destruction of such a structure by precipitation, it should be protected with a blind area. A cushion under the foundation may not be necessary; the need for its presence is established by calculations or design work.
2. Horizontal waterproofing. This type of protection is applied to the concrete pad before installing the strip monolith. It is necessary to protect the joint between two structural elements - the foundation pad and the strip foundation itself. If horizontal insulation is not performed, then water that gets into such a joint, after freezing, can compromise both the integrity of the entire structure and damage individual elements of the foundation. In addition to the protection device between the tape and the cushion, horizontal waterproofing also includes laying roofing felt between the upper surface of the foundation and the material of the walls being built (for example, brickwork). Functional purpose Such protection is similar to that which is arranged between the cushion, sole and tape supporting structure.
3. Vertical waterproofing. Such protection of the structure from moisture must be carried out both on the external surface and on the internal one. This is the most important part of the insulation; it is its installation that is necessary to ensure the durability of the entire structure. Horizontal insulation can be done either with roll material, for example, roofing felt, or with a bitumen-based liquid binder, such as bitumen mastic. In addition to such insulation, the foundation must have a blind area; only a combination of these two elements can effectively resist the effects of moisture.

Need for protection

Schematic representation of vertical and horizontal waterproofing with a sand cushion (sole) on the ground

For those who want to save on certain stages or completely abandon measures to protect the foundation from moisture, it should be remembered that even after insulation and decorative finishing horizontal part strip design, the concrete will still continue to absorb moisture coming through the air.

This moisture will gradually destroy the concrete, since microorganisms and spores will penetrate with it, and the moisture itself may contain solutions of aggressive components, which will also affect the structure, which can first lead to microcracks and then to chipping of the surface .

To additionally protect the entire structure from precipitation and flood waters, a blind area is also needed - without it, the base under the cushion (sole) may erode, which will create additional load on the load-bearing elements the entire building. Also, the blind area will prevent moisture from penetrating into the soil when areas of standing water form near the house, and after this water is removed, the blind area will protect the soil from rapid drying out and the formation of cracks. The blind area should be erected at a slope from the building to ensure water drainage. The junction of the blind area and the foundation also needs to be insulated.

Procedure for installing roll waterproofing

The use of rolled material for vertical protection of the supporting structure

Before starting work, clean concrete surface from dirt and dust, and also remove protruding sharp elements so that they do not damage the material. Then you should mark and cut the roofing felt.

To glue the material, it should be heated with a gas burner so that on the glued surface binder material became liquid, after which you can glue.

During application of the material, it should be immediately smoothed so that it correctly takes the shape of the structure and fills all voids; this procedure will also remove air bubbles. If it is not possible to lay a single sheet in any area, then the joining should be done overlapping, heating the edges on both sheets and pressing them tightly, only then they will be welded together.

Insulation should be applied to a clean concrete surface and is not recommended to be treated with a bitumen-based binder unless it is from a single manufacturer that provides joint use. Otherwise roll material may not stick due to differences in the chemical composition of the organic binder component.

Procedure for installing coating waterproofing

Treating the base tape with mastic standing on pile foundation(pile-tape)

For these purposes, an organic bitumen-based binder is used, most often bitumen mastic. Before applying to the surface, it must be made liquid, for which a special solvent or heating is used. Before starting work, you should carefully read the manufacturer's instructions, which also provide recommendations for liquefaction. When the composition is ready, it is applied with a brush or roller in several layers, filling all the pores and voids.

It should be noted that, compared to roll insulation, coating insulation is less durable, and it should be used only when there is no threat of flooding and the groundwater level is low. Before constructing the blind area, an additional layer of coating should be applied; the blind area itself can also be covered with mastic, but only after the concrete mixture has completely dried.

Example of construction and waterproofing of a prefabricated strip load-bearing structure

Let's give specific example waterproofing a strip supporting structure without protecting the base with bitumen:

The house is designed without a basement and ground floor. About 145 meters to the water. The soil is clay-solid wood. A trench 100 cm deep is dug. Layer crushed granite without sand (150-200 mm). A reinforced tape of four rods with a diameter of 12 mm is laid.
Next, a couple of rows of FBS blocks are placed, we get a team load-bearing structure
We produce armored belt 40 by 20
Rolled with bitumen primer and laid with rubemast
Next, 3 rows of red brick are laid, after which a waterproofing primer is applied on top
Laying the first row of gas silicate block

More information can be found in the video

This type of foundation is often used to give stability to an object on dry and heaving soil. It is represented by a concrete strip poured along the entire perimeter of the facility planned for construction. Due to the fact that the material used in the construction of the foundation can be destroyed by exposure to a humid environment, the main task for a specialist is waterproofing the strip foundation. There are several types and options for performing this type of work.

The need to waterproof the foundation

There is an opinion that the foundation does not undergo any changes during the operational period. Supposedly, it is resistant to rotting, decomposition and corrosion. In fact, the foundation built under the house requires additional protection without fail. Many people are interested in whether it is necessary to waterproof a strip foundation?

Water located in the soil thickness is able to penetrate into basements and even into walls located above ground level.

It is no secret that seasonal freezing of water in walls contributes to their destruction. A similar process occurs with the upper sections of the object’s base. A structure whose foundation does not have a waterproofing layer will not last long.

Types of waterproofing

When at the time of design work When selecting an option for constructing a strip foundation, certain studies are required that will help in correct execution works:

• the base should be below the freezing point of the soil;

• the groundwater level is taken into account;
• the requirements for the waterproofing coating may change taking into account the purpose of the facility under construction;
• it is necessary to carry out a study of the area on the issue of a sharp increase in water levels during flood periods or during heavy rainfall;
• An important factor is the force of soil heaving, which changes its level.

Any of these conditions may affect the depth of the foundation trench that must be dug and the application protective materials from exposure to moisture.

Based on the principle of location, the waterproofing coating applied to the foundation can be divided into horizontal and vertical. Each type has different implementation options.

Horizontal

This protection option is carried out before the construction of the foundation begins in order to prevent the penetration of drops of moisture from the thickness of the earth. It represents a special foundation, sometimes even somewhat larger than the perimeter of the future structure.

For a small-sized building, pouring a sand-cement screed in a ratio of 1 to 2 is sufficient. In the process of constructing a residential building, it is necessary to carry out intensive preparation:

• Sand is poured and compacted along the bottom of the trench, the layer height of which should be from 20 to 30 cm;
• the first layer of this pillow can be made of clay;
• a screed is laid over the sand layer, the thickness of which varies from six to eight centimeters;
• you need to wait two weeks for the solution to dry completely;
• the screed is covered with bitumen, roofing felt is laid, and mastic is applied again;
• The final stage is pouring another screed.

Once the solution has dried, you can begin to build the foundation. If we build the planned object from wood material, it is recommended to carry out the upper horizontal insulation of the base from water. Otherwise, moisture will penetrate the wood and cause rot.

Vertical

The main difference of this type is that its execution is possible not only during construction work, but also for the finished object.

In this case, specialists can use various materials– polyurethane mastic, rolled bitumen, membranes on polymer based. Each product differs in strength, service life, elasticity, application method and price.

Before making the final choice, it is recommended to determine the differences between materials for waterproofing and clarify their advantages and disadvantages.

Types of waterproofing

It is possible to install waterproofing on a strip foundation with your own hands, without the involvement of appropriate specialists. But before you get started, you need to decide suitable option protective layer devices, specify technological features works

The materials that can be used to waterproof a strip foundation in the ground are four groups:

• coating;
• sprayed;
• roll;
• pasting.

The entire hydro technology will depend on the final choice. insulation works.

Bitumen

Mastic is used for coating. The main advantages of this method are:

• acceptable price;
• high level of elasticity;
• excellent indicator of coating hydrophobicity;
• ease of work;
• good level of adhesion.

There are also certain disadvantages:

• relatively short service life. After about six years, the mastic loses its elasticity, becomes brittle, cracks appear on the surface of the layer, and the degree of protection decreases.

But today the construction market offers a lot of options for coating compositions based on polymers, rubber, and latex. With their help, enhanced protective characteristics are created:

• elasticity and adhesion improve;
• scatter increases temperature regime during work.

The workflow is straightforward. To begin with, the surface is cleaned of construction waste and dirt. After this, the base is treated with primers that have a deep level of penetration. As soon as the soil has dried, it is allowed to apply a waterproofing layer. The coating should be solid.

Roll

In such cases, roofing felt, isoelast, aquaizol and other rolled materials are used, which are divided into two types:

• adhesive – attached to bitumen mastic or other compounds with adhesive properties. There are self-adhesive materials;
• floating - to perform it you have to use additional equipment - a gas burner, a blowtorch.

The method is distinguished by its simplicity of execution, long operational period, excellent moisture resistance, reliability and good strength indicators against mechanical influences.

Deformability and resistance to chemical compounds material are determined by its basis. Rolled material made of fiberglass or fiberglass does not have high deformation abilities and resistance to chemicals, but polyester has such qualities.

Rolled materials for waterproofing the foundation can be used in combination with coating materials.

The sequence of work is as follows:

• prepare the surface, which must be dry and clean;
• bitumen is applied;
• roofing material is glued using the floating method;
• The sheets of material at the joints are overlapped by fifteen centimeters and processed with a torch.

Sprayable

This waterproofing option is considered innovative. It can be used to construct any foundation during repair work of old coatings. There is only one drawback - the price, which is not acceptable for everyone.

The advantages are as follows:

• long service life;
• high degree of adhesion;
• ease of work;
• no seams;
• fast hardening;
• environmental cleanliness and absence of toxins;
• UV resistance;
• good degree of elasticity.

The work is performed in the following sequence:

• the surface is cleaned and coated with an antiseptic composition;
• Seamless waterproofing coatings are applied using a special spray device;
• as an additional measure, the surface must be reinforced with geotextile material.

Penetrating

Effective and cost-effective method of application waterproofing coating. Materials for this are usually prepared from cement, quartz sand and certain additives. The application method is similar to plastering work. But today on the construction market you can purchase compounds that are applied by spraying or coating method.

With this method, special elements in the form of crystals are created in concrete voids that repel liquid.

Clay

A simple and effective method that perfectly protects against water. A trench is dug around the foundation to a depth of 50–60 cm, and a cushion of gravel or crushed stone up to five centimeters high is placed at the bottom. Then clay is poured in layers and compacted thoroughly. It will act as a buffer for moisture.

The main advantage of the method is its ease of execution. But for a residential property it can only be used as an additional degree of protection.

Features of the work

Waterproofing work to protect the foundation must be carried out during its construction, but if this condition is not met, it is allowed to carry it out later, although this will be much more difficult. You will have to dig out the entire foundation, working in sections, so as not to reduce the level of strength of the building. Start from the corners and complete waterproofing on sections of the walls.

It is better to combine vertical and horizontal types, alternating the sequence when applying the next layer.

Having excavated the foundation, we clean the base; it is not recommended to use water. Remaining soil is cleaned from seam areas and cracks.

Recesses in the foundation are filled cement mortar or adhesive composition for tiles, then these areas are processed bitumen mastic. Roofing felt material is fused, which will require a burner. The first layer is applied horizontally, overlapping the strips. The second layer of roofing material is fused vertically. The heat-treated strips adhere perfectly; the roofing felt at the corners of the house is not cut, but rolled up.

Simultaneously with the application of waterproofing, drainage is arranged and the blind area is poured.

Conclusion

The installation of a waterproofing layer on the foundation base is an important part of the design work and the actual construction of structures. Depending on the type of waterproofing coating, it is installed before work begins or after pouring the base. The complexity of the work process, financial costs and the period of operation of the building will depend on the selected materials and their correct application.

There is a not entirely correct opinion that during the operation of the foundation, no changes affect it. It does not rot, does not decompose and does not rust. On the one hand, this is true, but all this is possible thanks to quality protection foundation. What does this protection include? Waterproofing.

It's no secret how negatively liquid can affect concrete. Without waterproofing, the base will collapse, which reduces the operating time of the entire house. Yes and groundwater can also harm the foundation. This article is devoted to the issue of waterproofing strip foundations. You can do all the work yourself. We'll consider suitable materials and technology for working with them. And thanks to comparison, you can make a choice.

Coating material

A fairly common material for waterproofing. The work is done quite simply, according to the principle of applying paint. It is enough to apply the material to the waterproofing tape, completely covering the surface of the finished foundation. As coating waterproofing all kinds of bitumen mastics are used, cold or hot, liquid glass and so on.

Advantages of the material:

1. Low cost.
2. Excellent elasticity.
3. No seams.
4. High hydrophobicity after coating.
5. Ease of work. None complex equipment no professional skills required.
6. High level of adhesion to concrete surface.

Disadvantages of the material: Short service life. After 6 years, the applied mastic will become brittle and inelastic. Cracks form on the surface through which water can leak. The solution to the problem is repair work and re-coating with a layer of mastic.

Due to its low cost, repairs can be made once every 7-8 years. But, there is another solution - materials with inclusions of components such as polymers, rubber and latex. Thanks to them, adhesion improves, the level of elasticity becomes even higher, and the service life is extended.

The matter is not at all difficult. To begin with, preparatory work: the surface of the foundation is cleared of debris, dust, dirt, etc. Then the foundation must be treated with a primer deep penetration to ensure better adhesion. After waiting for it to dry, all that remains is to apply waterproofing to the foundation, leaving no untreated areas. You can apply the mixture paint brush- maklovitsa.

Additionally, watch the video showing how to waterproof a strip foundation with your own hands.

Roll material

Another inexpensive option, which is widely used in construction. An obvious representative is roofing felt, which is used for waterproofing strip foundations. In addition, you can choose from aquaizol, isoelast and other roll materials. building materials.

They are widely used in construction, from foundation and roofing work to the construction of swimming pools and road surfaces. They are suitable for protecting concrete from high groundwater pressure. If the house does not have a basement, then the strip foundation is waterproofed horizontally and vertically.

There are several types of rolled waterproofing materials:

• pasting, which are fixed to the surface of the foundation with bitumen mastic or other composition with adhesive characteristics. Some materials have a self-adhesive layer, which is very convenient;
• floating, applied by fusing to the surface. The burner heats the layer, which becomes sticky when heated.

Advantages of the material:

1. Ease of installation.
2. Long service life.
3. Excellent water repellent properties.
4. They have high mechanical strength.
5. Reliability.

Foundation coating technology

1. Surface preparation: clean, dry, even.
2. Applying bitumen mastic to the surface (if it is a self-adhesive or weld-on material, then the roll is immediately glued to the base).
3. Ruberoid or other material is glued onto the prepared base.
4. It is important to make an overlap of 15 cm at the joints. “Solder” the joints with a gas torch.

Sprayed material

Counts innovative technology. The peculiarity is that it successfully fulfills all the functions and stated requirements. The method can be used for any type of foundation. You can not only do the job from scratch, but also repair the old waterproofing coating. Used for both foundation and roofing work.

Advantages of the material:

1. Long service life.
2. Ease of work.
3. No seams.
4. Hardens quickly.
5. Non-toxic and safe for health.
6. Resistant to UV rays.
7. Elastic.

There are a lot of advantages, and only two disadvantages - cost and high-tech equipment for work.

Foundation coating technology

1. Surface cleaning.
2. Application of the material using a special sprayer using a seamless method.
3. Surface reinforcement using geotextiles.

Penetrating material

It is considered the most effective and expensive way to waterproof a strip foundation. Typically, the penetrating mixture is made based on cement, special additives and quartz sand. According to the principle of application, the process resembles plastering walls. But, you can also purchase material applied by spraying or coating. After application, crystals are created in the concrete voids, which repel the liquid, preventing it from penetrating inside.

Advantages of the material:

1. Versatility and ease of application.
2. High-quality waterproofing.
3. Durability.
4. No seams.
5. Health safety.

The technology for applying penetrating waterproofing to the foundation is described in this video.

Some features of base waterproofing

It is logical that it is better to protect the foundation from liquid even at the stage of its construction. Then it's much easier to do. If for some reason there is no waterproofing, but the building is already standing, or you just need to carry out repairs, then the process is not easy. You will have to dig the foundation, but do the work in stages so as not to disturb the structure. Start working from the corners of the building, ending with the foundation walls.

Advice! If we talk about the material itself, then ideally combine vertical and horizontal insulation (when the first layer is applied in a vertical position, and the second in a horizontal position).

After the foundation has been dug, you need to clear it of soil (you should not use water). A brush will come in handy. The surface must be perfectly clean, without inclusions. All holes, cracks and seams are filled with cement mortar and bitumen. Now you can carry out waterproofing using the method of your choice. So, you can protect your foundation from negative influence water.

After all the work is completed, the base is dug back. It is important that everything is dry before then.

Conclusion

Waterproofing the foundation with your own hands is a very realistic goal. If you follow these instructions and carefully carry out the process, then you will succeed! Don’t be afraid to take on this kind of work; although it’s responsible, it’s not scary.

Proper protection of its foundation will help extend the service life of the building. To do this, waterproof the strip foundation with your own hands. Before you start working, you need to decide on the type waterproofing material and study the technology of its installation. The construction market offers 4 options for horizontal or vertical application, each of which is worth learning about in more detail.

Using of this type bitumen mastic and bitumen-based building materials are used for insulation. It has its pros and cons.

Advantages of coating waterproofing:

• Affordable price;
• High level of hydrophobicity, adhesion and elasticity;
• Easy installation process that does not require special knowledge.

The disadvantages include a short service life. Bituminous mastic loses most their protective qualities in 6 years. To extend the service time included in this coating material include various additives.

Application technology

A process consisting of several successive steps is available for self-execution:

1. Clean the surface from debris, dust and loose elements;
2. Apply a deep penetration primer to the foundation;
3. After the primer has dried, apply insulating material in a continuous layer using a paint brush.

Waterproofing materials should cover the surface in a single layer without gaps. Otherwise, the work done will not bring the desired result.

This method involves the use of rolled building materials: roofing felt (to protect a shallow foundation), isoelast, aquaizol, helostop, etc. They have a wide range of applications, including protecting the base from damage by groundwater. The method is relevant for waterproofing buildings without a basement.

Work can be performed in two ways:

1. By gluing the material onto an adhesive or self-adhesive base;
2. Application of the material followed by melting with a gas burner. The second method is more labor-intensive and requires additional equipment.

Advantages of roll insulation:

• Easy installation;
• Long service life;
• High water resistance;
• Reliability.

The basis roll waterproofing directly affects its resistance to deformation and chemicals. A fiberglass or fiberglass base has a significantly lower level of stability than a polyester base. It is allowed to use this type of foundation wall insulation in conjunction with the coating method.

Application technology

General instructions for installation work:

1. Clean, level and dry the surface;
2. Apply a layer of bitumen mastic;
3. After drying, cover the mastic with roofing material using the floating method;
4. Rolled sheets must be overlapped (15 cm), followed by processing of the joints with a gas burner.

The material can be applied vertically or horizontally. When choosing this insulation method, cope with the work without outside help will not work.

To independently perform foundation waterproofing belt type spray method can be used ( liquid rubber). It is used to protect the surface, or to reconstruct previous material. It's comparative new method in the construction industry, which has many advantages:

• No seams or joints;
• Long service life;
• High level of adhesion and elasticity.;
• Short hardening time;
• Easy to apply;
• Environmentally friendly, no toxic emissions;
• Resistant to direct sunlight.

Installation technology

The quality of waterproofing depends on compliance with the application steps:

1. Prepare the base by cleaning and treating with an antiseptic;
2. Apply the coating using a special sprayer;
3. Perform reinforcement using geotextiles.

The easy installation process allows you to get the job done in short time, however, the material cannot be called economical.

This method is one of the most expensive, but the quality justifies the cost. For the manufacture of waterproofing material, quartz sand, additives and cement are used. Step-by-step instruction installation consists of applying the material in three ways:

1. Spraying;
2. By analogy with plaster;
3. Using the coating waterproofing method.

With this treatment, the composition penetrates into all microcracks of the surface, filling them and forming crystals that prevent the penetration of moisture. The method is used for penetrating insulation of foundations in the ground.

In case of violation of the integrity of the foundation, waterproofing of surfaces is carried out from the inside of the house. This method is relevant for houses with a basement in which water can accumulate. In addition, the penetrating mixture serves as an additional seal. The only one, but significant drawback technology – high cost.

Horizontal insulation aimed at protecting walls from capillary suction should be installed above the moisture splash level by at least 0.3 m.

Video: Foundation waterproofing technology

Nuances when arranging foundation waterproofing

A foundation without waterproofing is susceptible to moisture and external destructive factors. If necessary work were not completed before the construction of the building, it will have to be done after construction. At the same time, thermal insulation of the base can be installed, if there is such a need. This greatly complicates the process, since you will have to dig out the entire base, acting with extreme caution. If the instructions are not followed, the house, or rather its stability, may suffer. Installation rules:

1. The optimal treatment option is one that combines vertical insulation with horizontal insulation. In this case, the first layer is applied in the horizontal direction, and the second in the vertical direction;
2. Having dug out the foundation, it should be cleaned of dirt and debris using a dry method, including seams and recesses;
3. Fill all unevenness and cracks with cement mortar or tile adhesive, covering the top with bitumen;
4. By using gas burner fix the roofing material. The roll insulation sheet should be carefully pressed, applying the strips horizontally with an overlap;
5. The second layer is attached in a similar way, only the material must be laid vertically;
6. When processing corners, roofing material must be rolled up and not cut.

In parallel with the implementation of waterproofing work, it is advisable to provide a device drainage system and fill the blind area around the perimeter. Such a complex but important process will extend the life of the building several times, so during construction there should be no doubt whether waterproofing of the foundation is necessary.

At the construction stage of a building, many craftsmen make a gross mistake, which subsequently leads to a violation of the building's structure. This mistake lies in the insufficient and poor-quality arrangement of the foundation. This means waterproofing the strip foundation and basement, if any.

It is extremely necessary to complete this stage of work, since the impact of groundwater on outside the grounds are quite destructive. Especially considering that chemical composition groundwater can vary dramatically depending on the location of the house in relation to chemical or metallurgical industry, agricultural activities, etc.

Important: the lack of waterproofing on the outer walls of the basement can at least lead to dampness in it. In the worst case, constant flooding and the resulting destruction of the premises will be its fate.

Waterproofing a strip foundation with your own hands is quite simple. The main thing is to understand the principles and technologies of performing work, and also to know about all possible types and types of waterproofing. About this in our material.

It is worth knowing that you can choose to perform the work different group materials. They are:

• Coating;
• Rolled;
• Sprayable;
• Penetrating.

Depending on the type of materials chosen, waterproofing technology is also used.

Coating type insulation

For waterproofing strip foundations and basements, including in this case, bitumen-based materials or bitumen mastic are used. According to the type of materials, it becomes clear that the waterproofing of the strip foundation in this case is carried out by spreading mastic along the entire perimeter of the base.

To carry out work using mastic, it is necessary to perform a number of such actions:

• Free the foundation (basement walls) from debris, dust and dirt;
• Coat the surface of the outer and inner walls of the foundation with a deep penetration primer;
• After the primer has dried, use a special brush (mastic brush) to apply the mastic in an even, continuous layer so that there are no gaps in the waterproofing.

The advantages of waterproofing using the coating method include:

• Low cost of materials;
• Ease of work;
• Good elasticity of the finishing coating;
• Excellent waterproofing properties bitumen;
• High adhesion of the coating to concrete.

However, such waterproofing also has disadvantages. The main one is the low service life of the material. Thus, the layer of bitumen mastic remains elastic and intact for only 6 years. Then it begins to crack, as a result of which groundwater still penetrates to the walls of the foundation. The problem can be solved by purchasing coating waterproofing materials with the addition of softening polymers.

In addition, the integrity of the coating layer may be damaged during backfilling of the foundation. Small pebbles can scratch the coating and depressurize it. They solve the problem by laying a protective layer of roofing felt or geotextile over the applied layer of bitumen.

Roll type waterproofing (adhesive)

Here, materials in the form of a roll are used to protect the foundation from moisture. It can be roofing felt, geotextiles, Aquaizol, Isoplast with Helastopley. More often similar materials are used if it is planned to build a house without a basement. In this case, both horizontal insulation is used (coating the foundation plane before its contact with the walls) and vertical (applying rolled material to the base walls).

Roll materials are attached to the base of the building in two stages:

• Adhesive (using bitumen mastic as an adhesive);
• Floating (using a gas burner to melt the material and make it pliable).

The technology for installing waterproofing is as follows:

• The foundation walls are cleared of debris and treated with a deep penetration primer;
• Next, after drying, the walls are coated with bitumen mastic and sections of waterproofing material are applied, pressing them well;
• The waterproofing joints are overlapped by 15 cm, and to ensure a good fit, a torch is used to fuse the cuts together.

The advantages of roll waterproofing include:

• Long service life;
• Excellent waterproofing ability;
• Easy installation;
• High resistance to any type of mechanical impact;
• Reliability of the entire structure.

But it is worth remembering that rolled materials for waterproofing based on fiberglass or fiberglass have less resistance to deformation in contrast to materials based on polyester.

Penetrating waterproofing

This type of waterproofing of foundation and basement walls is considered one of the most effective, but also expensive. Here, the waterproofing material is based on a special mixture of cement, quartz sand and special plasticizing additives. The result is a plastic material that is applied by coating to the walls of the base and penetrates into all the pores of the base, forming crystalline solidification in the voids. They will push water away from the underground part of the building.

Penetrating waterproofing is widely used for treating the walls of basements and other underground tanks, and for treating foundations of any kind.

The advantages of this type of waterproofing include:

• High quality insulation from groundwater exposure;
• Excellent ductility during application;
• High wear resistance of the finished coating;
• Durability of the entire structure;
• Resistance to aggressive environments.

The technology of waterproofing using penetrating mixtures is as follows:

• The walls are completely cleaned and treated with a primer;
• After the primer has dried, the insulating mixture is applied with a special brush or from a spray bottle;
• The coating is allowed to dry completely.

Spray insulation

This method of waterproofing a strip foundation is one of the most modern. The method of applying insulation by spraying is widely used in roofing works, at repair work old waterproofing coating or to create a new first layer. In comparison with the mass of advantages, the sprayed mixture has one significant drawback - high cost.

The technology for creating a waterproofing layer by spraying is as follows:

• The walls of the foundation or basement are cleaned of debris, dust and dirt;
• The moisture protection agent is applied to the finished surface using a construction sprayer, forming a seamless, even coating;
• For greater reliability, the sprayed mastic is reinforced with a layer of geotextile.

The advantages of this method of waterproofing are:

• Long service life (50 years or more);
• High adhesion properties of the material to concrete;
• Simplicity of work, which saves labor costs and time on the construction site;
• Absolutely smooth coating without seams or joints, which prevents the slightest ingress of moisture onto the surface of the concrete base;
• Environmental friendliness and absolute non-toxicity of the material;
• Excellent elasticity that resists any small inclusions in the soil;
• High resistance to ultraviolet rays.

If the house is built without waterproofing the foundation

Important: waterproofing the base of a new building should be carried out during the construction stage. However, it happens that a house is purchased, but there is no insulation from moisture. In this case, it is possible and necessary to save the house. In this case, you need to act like this:

• The house or basement is completely excavated along the entire perimeter of the foundation. Moreover, you need to start from the corners, moving towards the walls of the base, so as not to disturb the strength of the building.
• Now you should clean all the walls around the perimeter from dirt and dust. This should be done exclusively without the use of moisture. It is important to free all recesses, cracks and pores of the base from soil, earth and dirt.
• All cleaned cracks should be filled special glue For tiles or cement mortar.
• After the foundation or basement walls have dried, they should be treated with bitumen mastic.

Important: under such conditions it is better to combine vertical and horizontal insulation.

• Rolls of roofing felt or other insulation material are cut into pieces the right size and using a special gas burner is applied to the walls of the structure with overlapping joints. The pieces are placed horizontally.
• Now you need to apply another layer of material in the same way, but with a vertical orientation.

Important: at the corners of the building it is worth wrapping the rolled material and making overlaps. But, under no circumstances should you cut the waterproofing. This installation method will break the tightness of the foundation winding.

• Lastly, a drainage system and a blind area for water removal are formed.
• All that remains is to backfill the base with good compaction of the soil.