How to get rid of pine sawfly: main types and control measures. Photos describing cherry pests and methods of combating them Sawfly on cherries control measures
Not only we, but also about a dozen pests, including cherry pests, claim the cherry harvest slimy sawfly. The larvae of this insect do not damage the berries themselves; they feed exclusively on leaf tissue, but with severe infestation they noticeably weaken the plant, which affects the yield.
A “harmless” larva will leave only a skeleton of leaves after two to three weeks of increased feeding. A favorite delicacy is the leaves of stone fruits and some pomaceous crops - cherries, cherries, serviceberries, hawthorns, and can sometimes spread to rowan, quince, and cotoneaster.
It is believed that the cherry sawfly causes minor economic damage, so control with chemicals is carried out only if 25% of the leaves are affected. Massive damage to the tree is indicated by the characteristic, scorched appearance of the foliage. Accordingly, the plant becomes weaker, its immunity decreases, and productivity deteriorates.
Advice from the "Household"
You can find out whether the sawfly’s threshold of harmfulness has been reached using a simple visual inspection. It's time to sound the alarm if every fifth of the randomly selected leaves is damaged.
To protect the garden from the cherry slimy sawfly, both agrotechnical and biochemical control measures are used. If not large quantities pest can be treated with preventive and folk remedies. Let's look at the most effective ones.
Deep digging of tree trunk circles in late autumn. This agrotechnical technique allows you to destroy most pupae and false caterpillars in a state of rest (diapause). When soil layers are turned over, they will fall to the surface and will be destroyed by birds or frozen out.
Mechanical collection of larvae. The technique is used when growing small quantities low-growing varieties fruit crops so that you can inspect each tree. It is clear that this method is effective if there are single specimens of the cherry sawfly.
Chemical treatment of affected plants. Any insecticides designed to control pests of fruit crops are suitable - Confidor, Mospilan, Aktara, Inta-Vir, Calypso. It is also recommended to use pyrethroid preparations for spraying, the effect of which is similar to natural pyrethrins. For example, chamomile flowers contain them in large quantities.
The first generation of insects, which coincides with the fruiting period of cherries, can be poisoned with chamomile infusion. On a bucket hot water add 400 g of dried flowers and leave for 24 hours. The solution is filtered so that it sticks to the leaves, 30 g of dissolved tar soap is added.
Pollination with wood ash. The folk method gives results with a small infection of trees. Immediately after the rain, while the leaves are wet, they are pollinated with ash. When the larva comes into contact with it, it gets burned, and its appetite “deteriorates” significantly. After repeated application, most of the pests fall off.
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Let's look today at what insects there are in nature - cherry pests.
Cherry sucking pests
These include - mites, aphids, scale insects; We study pests in order.
Brown fruit mite
Females have a wide body oval shape, 0.5-0.6 mm, but in males the body shape is elongated-oval. The overwintering stage is eggs. They are red in color and are located near the base of the cherry fruits.
Cherry aphid
A harmful insect from the order Homoptera. This type of insect pest has sexual dimorphism - a difference in size and shape between males and females. Females are also divided into parthenogenetic and midwife.
Wingless parthenogenetic females have a pear-shaped body, 2 to 2.4 mm long, black above and brown below. There are six-segmented antennae. There are also winged parthenogenetic females, 2.4 mm long and black. Amphigonic females have a smaller body – 1.6 mm, oval in shape.
Cherry pests overwinter in the egg stage near the base of cherry buds. Approximately in April, pests - larvae - hatch from eggs. By the time the cherry leaves appear, they begin to feed, sucking the juice from them. After 12-15 days, insect pests turn into adult (mature) aphids.
During the season, 9 to 12 generations of insect pests manage to develop. In each generation of pests (starting from the third), winged pests are formed, mainly females - dispersers. These pests migrate to the bedstraw plant, which serves as an intermediate host for aphids.
Aphids of this species infest cherry leaves on the lower sides. The damage manifests itself in cherry leaves wrinkling in a spiral, blackening and drying out. In addition, the pest - aphids - moves onto cherry fruits, staining them with excrement and larval skins. Eventually it gets worse appearance cherry fruits and, accordingly, marketability.
Prevention and control measures
Prevention comes down to regular cutting of root shoots and tops on cherries. Also in the fall, it is necessary to clean the cherry trunks and skeletal branches from the remains of dead bark, under which the eggs of insect pests overwinter.
Control of existing pests should include treating cherries with insecticides. The first treatment should be carried out when cherry trees are in the green cone phase. From chemicals Actellik, Fufanon, Alatar, from biological Fitoverm are acceptable.
Shields
The following pests can feed on cherries: red pear, oyster, and California scale insects.
Red pear
The body shape of females is like a pear - wide, and the color is pink or red, 1 mm long, 0.9 mm wide. The insect pest is located under a gray shield with a diameter of 1.5 mm. Males are wingless and orange-brown in color.
The eggs of the pest are initially whitish and then pink, 0.25 mm long. The female's egg production is 40-50 eggs. The first instar larva is pink-red in color, has developed legs, simple eyes, and six-segmented antennae.
Oyster scale
Can damage trees of all fruit and other species. This pest tends to colonize trunks that have smooth bark, as well as horizontal branches.
Females have a short body, oval in shape, colored yellow or greenish-yellow, the scutellum is grayish-olive in color, and contains two molt skins. The size of the shield is up to 2 mm in diameter. Males are winged and yellow-orange in color.
California scale insect
Can damage more than 150 species of plants. The males stay on the leaf blades themselves, while the females prefer the petioles and fruits of the cherry.
In females, the body is yellow, has a wide pear-shaped shape and is up to 1.3 mm in length. There are no eyes, legs or antennae on the body. They are located under shields that are 2 mm in diameter.
Chewing cherry pests
Cherry slimy sawfly
An insect from the order Hymenoptera. An adult insect has a black shiny body and transparent wings. In an adult female, the body length is 5-6 mm, in a male it is 4-5 mm. The harmful stage is a yellow-green larva 9-11 mm long with a small brown or black head.
IN younger ages the larva is covered with black mucus, but at the last instar loses it and becomes lighter in color. In the front part, the larva is somewhat similar to a caterpillar, but is NOT a caterpillar, since the structure is different.
For example, they do not have a clear difference between the thoracic and abdominal legs (only the larvae of insects of the order Lepidoptera are considered caterpillars: butterflies, moths; they have 3 pairs of thoracic and 2 or 5 pairs of abdominal legs).
Cherry sawfly larvae have 10 legs. They overwinter as nymphs in the soil at a depth of 6-15 cm.
In most cases, it reproduces parthenogenetically, that is, without mating and fertilization. Mass hatching of larvae from eggs occurs in late June - early July.
The damage manifests itself in the gnawing of the pulp of the leaves and in the skeletonization of the leaves, that is, leaving only a network of veins.
Protection measures
In spring and autumn, it is advisable to loosen the soil to a depth of 6-15 cm. If the sawfly infestation is more than 10-15% of the leaves (this level is the economic threshold of harmfulness), spraying with insecticidal preparations, including biological ones, is recommended.
Suitable chemicals include Karbofos, Fufanon, and Actellik. Among biological insecticides, Agravertin and Bitoxibacillin are effective against sawflies.
Cherry pipe maker
An insect from the order Coleoptera. An adult tubeweed is a dark green beetle with a crimson tint. First, the beetles eat buds, flowers, and leaves. Later they move to the ovaries, make holes in them, into which the females then lay eggs. After seven days, larvae hatch from the eggs and eat the contents of the pit.
Sapwood
This is a genus of beetles that damage bast and wood. Such beetles are sometimes popularly called bark beetles. Cherries are damaged by wrinkled sapwood. Beetles of this species have a cylindrical brown body, usually up to 2.5 mm long.
Adult sapwood feeds on bast and so-called sapwood - the layer of wood under the bast. Females feed especially intensively before laying eggs, gnawing at the base of the buds and in the forks of branches. Such nutrition leads to drying of the buds, gum formation, blockage of phloem vessels, and a decrease in the quantity and quality of fruits.
To lay eggs, the female gnaws in the bark and gnaws a groove up to 2 cm long between the bast and sapwood. Having laid eggs in it, the female, as it were, plugs the groove with her body and dies, protecting future offspring from predators among insects (for example, ants) and birds (woodpeckers, etc.).
Having hatched from the eggs, the larvae make transverse passages in the wood. The level of infestation of certain trees with such pests depends on their condition. IN healthy trees After boring the passages, the passages of the bark beetles are filled with juice, which causes the death of the larvae and interferes with the access of the beetles.
Protection measures
Sanitary pruning should be carried out regularly, the bark should be cleaned of lichens and mosses (or sprayed with a solution iron sulfate). In addition, try to adhere to a balanced fertilization system.
For example, avoid unilateral application of single fertilizers, primarily nitrogen ones. It is also recommended to coat the trunks and bases of skeletal branches with a mixture of mullein and clay.
If the pest continues to multiply and develop after all this, then there is a need for spraying with insecticides. So at the end of flowering it is proposed to use the following drugs: Aktara, Mospilan, Vector, Confidor. After two weeks, it is recommended to re-treat.
To combat bark beetles, injections under the bark of drugs such as Decis KE, Fastak, 10% K.E. are also considered effective. (Note - K.E means emulsion concentrate, that is, a type of formulation).
"Mids" on cherries
Some are relatively small insects gardeners sometimes call them midges. In fact, cherry trees are mistaken for midges cherry fly and aphids.
The cherry fly is an insect from the order Diptera. Body length in adult females ranges from 4 to 6 mm, in males 3-4 mm. The body color is dark brown. There are long longitudinal stripes on the back. The head is yellow with black. Eyes are green.
It overwinters in the soil in the pupal stage inside a false cocoon. For 10-14 days it feeds on the secretions of cherry aphids. To reproduce, females lay eggs in holes made in the fruits. By the time of maturation, the eggs hatch into legless white larvae, which begin to eat the pulp of ripe fruits.
Fruits damaged in this way darken and rot. After 8-10 days, the larvae leave the fruits, falling to the ground, into which they delve 1-13 cm and pupate. The depth of wintering depends on the climate in your area: the colder, the deeper. Cherries of mid-ripening and late-ripening varieties are most often affected.
Protection measures
And to repel aphids, you can, for example, plant marigolds and marigolds under the cherries, and also spray them with some odorous liquids, for example, EM5.
Cherry leaf miner
An insect from the order Lepidoptera. The adult insect is a butterfly, 7-8 mm wide. The fore wings are larger than the hind wings and are distinguished by their lanceolate shape and white color.
Adult moths overwinter in the bark of trees and fly out by the end of spring. The female lays eggs on the upper sides of the cherry tree leaves. In June, the first generation caterpillars hatch from the eggs and begin to feed on tree leaves, causing significant damage to them.
For pests - caterpillars, a flattened shape is typical and green color. Legs are poorly developed. The length of the tracks is maximum 6.5 mm. Distinctive feature This moth has convoluted caterpillar tracks called mines, which are often beige or dark-colored. Brown color.
Once fed, the caterpillars pupate. The length of the pupae is up to 4 mm. During the season, two generations of moths have time to develop. The second generation of the pest is formed by the end of July.
Control measures
- Collect and burn fallen cherry leaves and dry branches in a timely manner;
- Periodically loosen the soil under the crown of the cherries, the pupae will appear on the surface, which will allow the gardeners to collect them themselves or be pecked by birds;
- Clean the trunks and bases of cherry tree branches from old bark and whitewash them with lime milk;
- Removing damaged cherry leaves with mines.
Here you can note that the insecticides still proposed against moths (due to ignorance by the incompetent authors of some articles) - chlorophos, metaphos and nicotine sulfate are prohibited for use!
Leafrollers
This is the name of a family of butterflies, numbering about 2,500 species in Russia alone. Of these, 26 species cause serious harm garden crops. In particular, they harm cherries the following types: bud roller, rose leaf roller, bud roller, fruit leaf roller.
Kidney spinner
A specific feature of the species is that the caterpillars begin feeding by gnawing out cherry buds, and then eat the blossoming leaves, which are rolled up into a ball. The width of an adult is 15-16 mm with open wings. The front pair of wings are dark gray in color, with a wide stripe running down the middle.
The eggs they lay are 1 mm in diameter. The caterpillars are brown, but the head and legs are black. By the end of the larval stage of development, they grow to a size of 10-12 mm. The first instar caterpillars have to overwinter on cherry fruit formations in dense white cocoons.
At the beginning of the cherry bud blooming phase, the caterpillars leave the cocoons and continue to feed. By the first days of June, the caterpillars finish their feeding and pupate. The pupal stage lasts about 14 days.
By the middle or end of June, butterflies begin to emerge. The flight of butterflies occurs during twilight hours. During the days of its life, the butterfly manages to lay from 40 to 150 eggs on a cherry tree.
Rose leaf roller
The adult insect is a butterfly with a wingspan of 18-22 mm in size. Caterpillars that have a brownish-yellow or brownish-green body color and a brown head are harmful.
They hatch when the daily average air temperature rises above 13 degrees. The time of mass hatching of caterpillars occurs during the period of separation of apple tree buds. While feeding, the caterpillars eat leaves and roll them into “cigars” or pull them into a loose ball.
Control measures
Spraying with a suitable insecticide at the time the caterpillars begin to hatch, or preferably before it. Of the chemicals acting against leaf rollers, Karbofos and Alatar are allowed for gardeners; at temperatures above 15 degrees, you can choose the biological products Lepidocide, Fitoverm.
codling moths
Plum and oriental codling moths can damage cherries. Let's look at the example of plum. Adult insect-butterfly measuring 12-15 mm in wingspan. The front wings are grayish-brown in color, the hind wings are brownish-gray with fringe along the inner edge.
Mass flight in areas of the forest-steppe zone occurs in the first ten days of June, and egg laying by females occurs 3-5 days after emerging from the pupa. After a week, maximum ten days, the caterpillars hatch.
A caterpillar that has just hatched from an egg chooses a convenient place for penetration, in which it weaves a mesh from a web, after which it makes a hole in the bark under it.
What to do as a fight
- Clean the trunk and skeletal branches from the remains of dead bark;
- dig up or loosen the soil under the tree crowns;
- apply catch belts;
- systematically collect carrion;
- treat with insecticidal preparations before the start of caterpillar hatching, approximately at the end of the second ten days of June.
About black “insects”
From the point of view of biology, or more precisely, entomology (the science of arthropods), there are no real insects in nature. This means that the colloquial name for insects should mean either aphids or small beetles or sawflies.
About cherry blossoms
Currently, there is no type of moth found in the literature that would harm cherries. This means that you mistook moth or leaf roller or hawthorn caterpillars for the so-called “moth”. In any case, it is worth applying Lepidocide or Fitoverm and treating the cherries against pests.
Slugs
Pests related to gastropods. Fruit trees, (cherries in particular) are rarely harmed. Slugs do not have a true head, but have tentacles or horns at the front of their body that serve as eyes and nose.
Immediately after the “face” are the neck and back. The lower part of the body is considered to be a leg. The presence of slugs can be determined by a streak of mucus and a rubbed mark.
Control measures
Using pest traps on cherries with various baits, such as beer or planks or pieces of burlap. In addition to traps, you can sprinkle the ground around the protected cherries with superphosphate powder or lime. Of the special protective drugs against pests - slugs, Ferramol, Groza, Meta, Bros Snakol, Schnecken Linsen (Etisso), Slug Eater are known.
Alexander Zharavin, scientist - agronomist
Have you noticed on the leaves stone fruits strange black larvae that vaguely resemble leeches? It’s good if you haven’t encountered this insidious insect, but still, if you have, you should know that this is not a harmless slug, but dangerous pest garden – cherry slimy sawfly (Caliroa limacina).
Description of the insect, development
The female cherry sawfly reaches 6 mm in length, the male a maximum of 5 mm. The body of the imago is black, the wings are almost invisible. The insect egg is pale green, translucent, elongated. The larva (which is called a false caterpillar) reaches a maximum of 11 cm in length, the color is yellowish green, upon closer examination, 10 pairs of abdominal legs are visible on the body of the larva, the color of the head is dark, the body is covered with black mucus, its anterior part is expanded. The pupa is white, in an oval cocoon.
The flight of insects begins around June-July, it all depends on climatic conditions: the milder the climate, the earlier the pest takes wing. Almost immediately after emerging from the pupa, females begin to lay eggs. Female cherry sawflies are not long-lived; they fly for only one week, during which time they can lay from 50 to 75 eggs. The place for masonry is the lower part of the sheet; they are clearly visible on its upper part - they resemble brown swellings. Each female lays no more than one egg per leaf.
The egg may take one to two weeks to fully develop. After hatching, the larvae move to the front side of the leaf and become covered with a black mucous membrane. The larvae go through up to 8 molts during the entire development period.
- First generation─ larvae develop up to two to three weeks, feed top layer sheet, leave on leaf plate eaten away islands.
- Second generation– development of larvae lasts from three to four weeks. They devour the leaf completely, leaving only veins behind.
The body of late-instar larvae changes color, they turn yellow and fall to the ground, one part of the larvae diapauses (remains to overwinter in the soil under the crown of a tree), the other part pupates. Using soil particles and mucus, glue the cocoon together. The pupae continue to feed until the end of September, then they burrow 10-20 cm deep into the soil near the tree and remain there for the winter.
Cherry slimy sawfly - garden pest
More often, the insect can be seen on cherries, peach, plums or apricots; less often, the pest affects pears, apple trees and rowan trees. When a tree is massively infested with sawfly, it appears dried out and burnt, and if drastic protective measures are not taken in time, then there will be no fruit on such a tree. If the number of insects is small, there is no need to worry too much; in this case, when fighting the pest, you can get by preventive measures.
For the right choice measures to combat the cherry sawfly, you need to determine the number of individuals. To do this, you just need to inspect the foliage of the tree: by the number of swellings, eaten islands on the foliage, or black shiny false caterpillars, it will become clear what the scale of the problem is.
Always monitor the condition of the garden and the trees. The sooner a particular pest is detected, the easier it is to deal with it.
Cherry sawfly: folk methods of protection
Agrotechnical technique
- Just like from, in the fall you can dilute clay and pour a 1-2 cm layer on the tree trunks of cherries and cherries. This will prevent insects from escaping from overwintered pupae.
Sawfly treatment
- If the garden is only infested with cherry sawflies, we recommend preventative spraying with chamomile infusion. Spraying should be carried out a maximum of 3 times every 7 days and take a break between the set of procedures, the duration of which can be determined independently, just keep an eye on the tree and assess its condition.
Recipe: 800 g of crushed dry inflorescences, pour 10 liters of water, cover tightly and leave to infuse for a day, then strain and add another 15 liters of water, add up to 30 g of laundry or tar soap to the finished solution.
The cherry slimy sawfly can cause irreparable damage, so when at least a few individuals appear, you need to start closely monitoring the foliage, monitoring the number of insects and taking timely measures to protect the garden from the uninvited guest.
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cherry fly
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Slimy cherry sawfly
The sawfly attacks crops such as cherries, sweet cherries, quinces, plums, pears, and hawthorns. This insect is black in color and medium in size. It has a pair of membranous wings, the span of which averages 8–9 mm. Pest larvae overwinter at a depth of 2–5 cm. Pupation occurs at the end of May, and adult insects appear in June. The female lays eggs in the pulp of the leaves. Sawfly larvae are yellowish-green in color. They eat the pulp of the leaves, which leads to their death. In the southern regions of Russia, two generations of the pest develop per season.
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From the book Garden without pests author Fatyanov Vladislav IvanovichCHERRY CRUCHON Mix cherry puree with juice and fruit drink and cool to a temperature of 12–15 degrees. Add a chilled cherry-based carbonated drink to the mixture and stir everything thoroughly. Place cherries on top. You will need: cherry puree - 30 g, apple juice -
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