Labor intensity standards for repairs - electrical equipment of in-plant transport. Standards for labor intensity of repairs - electrical equipment of in-plant transport Standards for man hours for maintenance

Page 13 of 15

When servicing and repairing electrical equipment using the team contract method, it is of great importance to normalize the amount of working time spent on preventive maintenance and reduce it.
To carry out work planning, electrical repair personnel are offered a system of scheduled preventive repair of energy equipment (PPREO), approved by the Glavgosznergonadzor of the Ministry of Energy.
In table Table 15 shows the labor intensity standards for repairing the main electrical equipment of in-plant electric transport. To obtain labor intensity standards for repairing electric motors, it is necessary to take into account the following correction factors:

1. By rotation speed:
Rotation speed, rpm
Correction factor
2. By type of electric motors:
For permanent collector machines
For synchronous machines
For asynchronous electric motors with wound rotor

When normalizing the labor intensity of repairing low-voltage equipment, the following correction factors must be taken into account:
For explosion-proof equipment 1.6
For reversing magnetic starters 1.8
In table Table 16 shows the labor intensity standards for batteries.
The labor intensity of maintenance for 1 month is assumed to be 10% of the current repair rate.
Given in table. 15, 16 norms can be used for direct rationing labor costs to pay workers only if they do not exceed the achieved production standards at the enterprise.

T a b l e 6 15. Labor intensity standards for repairing basic electrical equipment of in-plant electric transport

Equipment
		capital	current
Electric motors power, kW:
Three-phase automatic installation switches for rated current, A:
Irreversible magnetic starters for electric motors with power, kW:
AC contactors at minimum
DC contactors for rated current, A:
Cam controllers of direct and alternating current with resistance for electric motors with power, kW:
AC brake electromagnets with traction force, N:
Equipment	Labor intensity norms for repairs, man-hours
	capital			current
Package switches for rated current, A:
Power distribution cabinets with numbers
Lighting group shields with the number of bulbs:
Grounding networks at 100 m
Microswitches
Panel electrical measuring instruments for 1 piece.
Protection and automation devices for one supply line

Table 1 6. Labor intensity standards for battery repairs

Battery type and capacity, Ah	Labor intensity norms for repairs, man-hours, at battery voltage, V
Acidic:
Alkaline:

Note. The numerator indicates the labor intensity for major repairs, and the denominator for current repairs.

Since the set of electrical equipment of a transport mechanism includes various electrical devices, as well as electrical wiring, the general labor intensity of repairs will consist of the sum of the labor intensity of the elements of the electric drive of the transport mechanism. For wiring, as well as for circuit elements that are not in the tables, the standard based on operating experience is adopted.
The calculated repair standard is entered into repair cards and equipment passports.
The repair cycle of mechanical equipment of electric vehicles may not coincide with the repair cycle of its electrical part. If the repair cycle of the electrical part differs from the repair cycle of the mechanical equipment by more than one overhaul period, then it is inappropriate to subject them to the same type of repair. In this case, it is quite acceptable and advisable to adhere to an independent planned repair cycle structure for the electrical and mechanical parts of the equipment. When overhauling mechanical equipment, its electrical part can only be subjected to current repairs, and vice versa, during routine repairs of mechanical equipment, its electrical part may be subject to major repairs, if so provided for in their planned repair cycles and if the pre-repair condition of the electrical part does not require a change in the type of repair.

7.1.1. Maintenance for all types of electrical machines in operation includes unregulated and regulated maintenance operations.

7.1.2. During maintenance, the following work is carried out: minor repairs that do not require a special stop of the machine and are carried out during breaks in the operation of technological installations in order to timely correct minor defects, including: tightening contacts and fasteners; changing brushes; adjustment of traverses, devices providing output parameters of generators, umformers and converters; protection adjustment; wiping and cleaning accessible parts of the machine (external surfaces, rings, collectors, etc.); daily monitoring of compliance with the PTE and manufacturer’s instructions, in particular, monitoring the load, temperature of bearings, windings and housing, and for machines with a closed ventilation system - the temperature of incoming and outgoing air; control of lubricant availability; checking for abnormal noise and hum, as well as the absence of sparking on the commutators and rings; daily monitoring of grounding serviceability; turning off electrical machines in emergency situations; participation in acceptance tests after installation, repair and adjustment of electrical machines and their protection and control systems.

7.1.3. For explosion-proof electric motors, the following is additionally carried out: checking the condition of the explosion-proof enclosure; tightening fastenings of bolts, nuts, security rings; checking the serviceability of input devices, the presence of sealing elements and fastening of cables. For electric motors operating in an underground version, the following is carried out: cleaning the drainage holes in the flanges for releasing oil and unscrewing the screws of the lower lubrication holes, checking the water supply and drainage system; checking the presence of rubber sealing rings, plugs and insulators, current-carrying clamps of input devices and cables of all sizes.

7.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

7.2.1. The typical range of work for routine repairs of electrical machines includes all maintenance operations and, in addition:

asynchronous electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor: partial disassembly of the electric motor; checking the proper operation and fastening of the fan; grooving the rotor shaft journals and repairing the “squirrel cage” (if necessary); checking gaps; changing flange gaskets and adding lubricant to rolling bearings; replacing worn out rolling bearings, washing plain bearings and, if necessary, refilling them; restoration of sharpenings at electric motor shields; assembly of the electric motor with testing at idle and in operating mode; checking machine fastenings and proper grounding;

asynchronous electric motors with a wound rotor: disassembling the electric motor; elimination of damaged areas of the stator and rotor windings without replacing them; washing of mechanical components and electric motor parts; replacement of faulty groove wedges and insulating bushings; impregnation and drying of windings; coating the winding with topcoat varnish; checking the serviceability and fastening of the fan; if necessary - grooving the rotor shaft journals, checking the gaps, changing the flange gaskets, washing and adding grease to the rolling bearings, replacing worn rolling bearings, washing the plain bearings and, if necessary, refilling them, restoring the sharpening of the electric motor shields, turning and grinding the rings, if necessary – their replacement, adjustment and fastening of the brush holder traverse, repair of the brush mechanism, replacement of brushes, assembly of the electric motor with testing at idle and in operating mode, checking the motor fastenings and the serviceability of grounding;

high-voltage and synchronous asynchronous electric motors: disassembling the electric motor and inspecting its parts; repair of winding insulation, impregnation and drying; replacement of faulty wedges securing the winding; replacing worn out bandages, replacing brushes, inspecting and checking the operation of electric motor starting devices; measuring the gaps between the rotor and stator; electric motor assembly and testing (trial runs);

DC electrical machines: checking accessible fastenings, the condition of the commutator and brush holders; checking the condition of all auxiliary equipment on the machine; dismantling the electric machine; checking the condition of bearings, shaft journals with measuring clearances, bearing insulation, changing lubricant; upgrading the commutator, chamfering the plates, grinding the commutator, repairing brush holders, replacing worn brushes, checking windings and bands with measuring insulation resistance; checking the condition of groove wedges, bands, equalizer struts, pressure strips, winding holders; checking the condition of the armature soldering using the voltage drop method; restoration of varnish coatings of windings and other parts; measuring gaps between iron spaces and assembling the machine; checking the grounding condition of the machine body; test at work.

7.2.2. For explosion-proof electric motors, the explosion-proof surfaces of the flanges and their seals are additionally checked, the quality of the cable seal is checked, the size of the sealing ring corresponds to the diameter of the input bore; checking the insulation resistance of the electric motor, the condition of the slip rings, brush holders and brushes (for electric motors with slip rings), checking the width of the explosion-proof cracks (gaps) between the covers and the housing.

7.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

7.3.1. The typical range of work for the overhaul of electrical machines includes all routine repair operations and, in addition:

asynchronous electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor: complete disassembly of the electric motor with complete or partial replacement of the windings; grooving the shaft journals or replacing the rotor shaft; rotor balancing; replacement of fan and flanges; assembling the electric motor and testing it under load;

asynchronous electric motors with a wound rotor: complete disassembly of the electric motor with complete or partial replacement of the stator and rotor windings; replacing the rotor shaft if necessary; ring bulkhead; rotor balancing; repair of closing and contact devices; replacement of fan and flanges; replacing the brush mechanism; assembly and painting of the electric motor and testing it under load;

high-voltage and synchronous asynchronous electric motors: complete disassembly of the electric motor and elimination of detected defects; rotor removal, rotor repair (rotor iron and windings or cage rods and slip rings); bearing repair; stator repair (stator iron and winding); replacement (partial or complete) of windings (pole coils) if necessary; measurement and testing of the electrical strength of winding insulation; repair of the air cooler and cooling system; electric motor assembly and operational testing;

DC electric machines: complete disassembly of an electric machine; washing of components and parts; replacement of faulty groove wedges and insulating windings or their repair, followed by at least double impregnation; straightening, turning journals or replacing the rotor shaft and repairing the “squirrel cage”; repair or production of bearing shields and flanges; rebuilding the slip rings or commutator; repair and adjustment of brush mechanisms; complete soldering of the cockerels; replacement of the fan and fasteners; checking the fastening of the active iron on the shaft and in the stator and repairing it if necessary; assembly and painting of an electrical machine, testing in accordance with GOST for new machines. For electric machines with a power of more than 200 kW - disassembling the machine with the removal of the armature or shifting the magnetic system, carrying out measurements and tests in order to identify defects; cleaning and impregnation, drying and painting of windings; tightening and grooving of the collector, re-wedging the armature and replacing steel bands, refilling or replacing bearings; if necessary, complete or partial rewinding of the machine windings, overhaul or replacement of the commutator; anchor balancing; machine assembly; external painting, testing the machine at idle and under load.

7.3.2. For explosion-proof electric motors, a complete restoration of explosion protection elements and an explosion-proof shell is additionally carried out, followed by hydraulic testing of parts and assembly units.

7.4. Features of organizing the repair of explosion-proof electrical machines

7.4.1. Repair of electrical equipment associated with the restoration and production of parts and assembly units, the failure of which may lead to a violation of the explosion protection of electrical equipment, as well as repairs that, in accordance with the PTE of electrical installations of consumers and the Safety Rules in coal and shale mines, are prohibited from being performed by operating personnel, must be carried out by repair personnel enterprises (workshops, sites) that have a special permit from the Federal Supervision.

7.4.2. In order to ensure the proper quality of electrical equipment repairs when carrying out preparatory work a repair enterprise (shop, site) must:

have repair documentation available,

equip the enterprise (workshop, site) with the necessary equipment, devices and tools;

carry out organizational and technical measures to ensure a qualified inspection of explosion protection elements and determine the required scope of repairs;

conduct staff training.

7.4.3. The repair facility (workshop, site) must be equipped with: special devices and lifting and transport

mechanisms that ensure high-quality disassembly and eliminate additional damage to parts and assembly units;

a set of measuring instruments that allows monitoring explosion protection parameters;

mechanical, welding and other equipment that allows restoration of explosion protection elements on parts of an explosion-proof shell using welding, surfacing, machining, installation of repair parts, etc.;

a set of technological equipment and materials allowing to repair windings in accordance with the heat resistance class of the insulation of the electrical equipment being repaired;

a stand for conducting hydraulic tests of parts and assembly units of an explosion-proof shell with a set of accessories;

stand and instruments for electrical testing;

containers and racks that exclude the possibility of damage to explosion protection elements of electrical equipment during transportation and storage.

Electrical equipment must be repaired and tested by qualified personnel who have undergone special training, passed exams and received a certificate for the right to repair.

7.4.4. Current repairs of explosion-proof electrical machines are recommended to be carried out at least once a year for motors with a rotation speed of 1500 rpm and at least once every 6 months for motors with a rotation speed of 3000 rpm.

7.4.5. In case of emergency repair of engines (as a result of improper operation, engine overloads, etc.), it is classified as a specific type of repair depending on the nature of the damage and the scope of repair.

7.4.6. Standard deadlines for major repairs can be adjusted by the service of the enterprise’s chief power engineer based on analysis technical condition equipment.

7.4.7. When replacing windings, the repair enterprise (workshop, site) must have a set of technological equipment and materials available that allow the windings to be repaired in accordance with the heat resistance class of the insulation of the motors being repaired, but not lower than class B according to GOST 8865-78. It should be borne in mind that motors with insulation of heat resistance class N may be submitted for repair.

7.4.8. To avoid damage to the insulation of the stator package and deformation of the seating surfaces of the centering sharpenings of the frame when dismantling windings with burning of insulating materials in special furnaces, it is necessary to have automatic or monitoring temperature control devices, which should not exceed 400 °C.

When dismantling the windings, it is necessary to protect the seating surfaces and ends of the centering sharpening points of the frame from damage.

7.4.9. To avoid damage to the seating surfaces of parts and assembly units, disassembling engines by striking the protruding end of the shaft is not allowed.

7.4.10. When disassembling engines, it is necessary to take measures to prevent rotor distortion.

7.4.11. The windings and current-carrying parts must be securely fastened, the groove wedges are tightly driven into the grooves without any slack.

7.4.12. The insulation resistance and electrical strength of the insulation of the windings must comply with the requirements of the repair documentation. The turns of wire bands must be applied tightly, without gaps or crossings. Each layer of wire bandage must be carefully soldered. The bandage locks must be tightly padded and soldered. The entire bandage should have a shiny surface, without nicks or stains. When tapped with a light hammer, the bandage should not make a rattling or dull sound.

7.4.13. The brushes must be ground into the surface of the slip rings. Installing brushes on the motor various brands not allowed.

7.4.14. Motors with two voltages must be connected to the mains voltage specified in the order.

7.4.15. When replacing bearings, bearings of accuracy classes not lower than those used by manufacturers must be used.

7.4.16. When assembling engines, the free space of the chambers of the bearing units should be filled by 0.65 volumes with the lubricant specified in the repair documentation, and for engines with a rotation speed of 3000 rpm - by 0.5 volumes.

7.4.17. Engine tests must be carried out in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

7.4.18. For synchronous and asynchronous motors, the most widely used motors for repair, a list of electrical tests is established that each repaired motor must undergo, depending on the type of repair.

7.4.19. The acceptance test program for engines with increased reliability against explosion is adopted in accordance with the manufacturer's specifications.

7.4.20. Each rebuilt engine must be run in without load at rated speed for the time specified below:

7.4.21. When repairing mining motors with replacement of windings using a technological process that differs from the manufacturer’s technology, it is necessary to test the motor for moisture resistance.

During subsequent repairs of mining engines of the same type, testing for moisture resistance is not necessary. Each repaired engine must have an explosion protection mark.

7.4.22. In case of unsatisfactory condition of the manufacturer's plate or its absence, a new plate must be attached, which indicates: the name or trademark of the repair company; engine's type; power, kW, phase connection; voltage, V; rated rotation speed, rpm;

rated current, A; voltage on the rotor rings, V (for motors with a wound rotor), rotor current, A (for motors with a wound rotor); repair number or order number; date of release from repair (year, month).

7.4.23. The repair enterprise (workshop) must guarantee that the repaired engines comply with the requirements of the factory instructions and is obliged, within 12 months from the date of start of operation, but not more than two years from the date of shipment of the engine from the repair plant, to repair the engines free of charge if, within the specified time, their non-compliance with the requirements is discovered manufacturer.

7.4.24. Each repaired product must be tested according to the acceptance test program. The acceptance testing program depends on the type of repair.

7.4.25. The acceptance testing program includes electrical tests, as well as checking:

completeness of repaired electrical equipment;

compliance of electrical equipment during the repair and assembly process with the requirements of repair documentation with control of all parameters ensuring explosion protection;

availability of the necessary accompanying documentation.

The acceptance testing program, test standards, and permissible deviations of indicators from nominal values ​​are established by the repair documentation for a specific product.

7.4.26. Testing of electrical equipment during the repair process can be carried out in several stages, for example: hydraulic tests of parts of the explosion-proof enclosure, testing of windings during their manufacture, bench tests, etc.

The results of acceptance tests are recorded in the test log.

7.5. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

7.5.1. The repair frequency is established for electrical machines operating under normal operating conditions.

7.5.2. The labor intensity of repairs is given in table. 7.1 only for the repair of electrical machines themselves, without taking into account the repair of ballasts and speed controllers, voltage and other switching equipment, the labor intensity of repair of which is established separately.

7.5.3. Maintenance of electrical machines should include 10% of the labor intensity of their current repairs.

Table 7.1

Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of electrical machine repairs

Notes

1. For electrical machines operating in harsh conditions (hot, chemical, galvanic, woodworking and similar workshops), as well as those used with long cycles of continuous work and with a high degree of load (drives of pumps, compressors, fans, air conditioners, motor generators , crushers, mills, dredgers, umformers, etc.) major repairs should be planned no less than every 17,280 hours, current repairs - no less than every 4,320 hours. It is allowed to repair electric motors that are structurally part of the equipment in accordance with the frequency of repair of this equipment, not exceeding that given in table. 7.1.

2. The complexity and duration of downtime in the repair of asynchronous electric motors is given for electric motors with a squirrel-cage rotor. For electric motors with a wound rotor, explosion-proof, multi-speed, submersible and crane motors, the labor intensity and duration of downtime during repairs is taken with a coefficient of 1.3.

3. Standards for the labor intensity of repairs are given for electric motors with loose windings based on the provision of ready-made sections of factory production. For electric motors with random windings, the complexity is taken with a factor of 1.8.

4. Repair labor intensity standards are given for machines with a rotation speed of 1500 rpm. For electric machines with other rotation speeds, the following coefficients are introduced: 3000 rpm – 0.8; 1000 rpm – 1.1; 750 rpm – 1.2; 600 rpm – 1.4; 500 rpm – 1.5.

5. The complexity of repairing high-voltage electric motors is given for a voltage of 3.3 kV. For electric motors with a voltage of 6.6 kV and more, the labor intensity should be taken with a factor of 1.3.

6. For two, three or more machine units, umformers, engine-generators, the labor intensity of repairing the unit as a whole is taken as the sum of the labor intensity of repairing all machines included in the unit (including the drive), multiplied by a factor of 1.6.

7.6. Material consumption standards for current and major repairs

7.6.1. Material consumption rates for major repairs are given in table. 7.3 and 7.4 are set depending on the power of electrical machines. Material consumption rates for current repairs are set as a percentage of the corresponding consumption rates for major repairs in the following sizes: for electrical machines with a power of up to 500 kW - 30%, more than 500 kW - 26% according to the following nomenclature: white tin, welding wire, copper tires, electrical insulating cardboard, keeper tape, getinax, textolite, varnished cloth (fiberglass), machine oil, grease, dehydrated kerosene, cleaning material, sandpaper, twisted cord.

7.6.2. In table 7.2 shows the safety stock standards for electrical machines and spare parts for them.

Table 7.2

Standards for safety stock of electrical machines and spare parts

Note. The given stock standards for electrical machines and spare parts for them must be provided for each type of electrical machines of the same design.

For electrical machines classified as basic power equipment, the stock norm increases by 50% if the rest of the equipment fleet does not contain machines of these types and models.

Table 7.3

Material consumption standards for major repairs of electrical machines with power up to 500 kW

Table 7.4

Material consumption standards for major repairs of electrical machines with a power of more than 500 kW

* Planned only for commutator machines and electric motors with wound rotor.

** Planned for electric motors with squirrel-cage rotor.

*** For commutator machines and electric motors with a wound rotor, a coefficient of 2.5 is introduced.

8. ELECTRICAL NETWORKS

Instructions for maintenance and repair in this section are given for electrical networks for the following purposes:

overhead power lines (VL) with voltage up to 35 kV;

external and internal cable lines (CL) up to 10 kV;

intra-shop power networks up to a voltage of 1000 V, made of wires of various brands and sections;

lighting networks and secondary circuits;

backbone networks of closed and open busbars, busbar assemblies;

grounding networks and grounding devices.

8.1. Maintenance

During maintenance of electrical networks, the following operations are carried out, provided for in the PTE and PPB:

Overhead lines: walk-throughs and inspections of overhead lines with voltage up to 1000 V - monthly; Overhead lines with a voltage of more than 1000 V - weekly during the day and night; extraordinary inspections of overhead lines (regardless of voltage) - after accidents, hurricanes, floods, during fires near overhead lines, ice, frost below minus 40 ° C, after fog and in other similar conditions affecting the structural integrity of overhead line elements; taking immediate action in emergency situations;

CL: external inspection of cable lines with voltage up to 10 kV laid in the ground - at least once every 3 months; CLs laid in populated areas with improved coverage - at least once every 12 months; CLs laid in collectors, tunnels, mines and along railway bridges - at least once every 24 months; cable joints - at least once every 6 months; inspections of cable terminations with voltages over 1000 V installed at transformer substations and distribution points during each inspection of equipment; Inspection of supply cables must be carried out in accordance with local regulations; inspection of tunnels, shafts, cable mezzanines and channels at power plants (substations) - by electrical department personnel or enterprise duty personnel according to a schedule approved by the chief engineer of the power plant or the head of the electrical department, at least once a month; monitoring the condition of cable lines in areas with stray currents in the ground - within the time limits established by local instructions; preventive testing of cable lines with a direct current voltage of five times the value of the rated line voltage for cable lines with a voltage of more than 1000 V - once a year, for voltages up to 1000 V - at least once every 3 years;

intra-shop power and lighting networks and secondary circuits: checking the strength of fastening of places of mechanical protection, points of entry into devices, distribution points, protection of wiring at the points of entry and exit into pipes, checking the grounding condition of pipe wiring; inspection of places where networks pass through walls and ceilings, checking the fastening and condition of structures along which cables and wires are laid; restoration of broken markings, inscriptions and warning posters; inspection of the insulation of electrical networks, checking the condition of soldering, the tightness of connections and fittings in explosive and fire hazardous areas, the condition of shielding shells and protective coatings, elimination of sagging networks, places with damaged insulation; constant monitoring of the absence of overheating and compliance of networks with actual loads; taking necessary measures up to and including immediate shutdown of networks in emergency situations; inspections of networks with completion of inspection cards within the time limits established by local instructions.

8.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

The scope of work for routine repairs includes maintenance operations and, in addition:

Overhead lines: repair of supports, poles and supporting structures, replacement of damaged insulators, rotten elements of individual supports; removing rust from bandages and clamps, painting them; renewal of anti-putrefactive bandage windings; pulling individual sections of the network (if necessary), measuring insulation resistance and checking the condition of the ground electrode, determining wood rot; measuring the line insulation resistance on the ground and between phases with a megohmmeter, determining the voltage drop or heating of connectors, measuring distances at intersections, inspection and repair of arresters dismantled for the winter;

CL: inspection and cleaning of cable channels, tunnels, routes, openly laid cables, passages through tunnels, bridges, wells, etc.; checking access to cable wells and the serviceability of well covers and locks on them; repair of cable channels, trenches, removal of blockages, subsidence and erosion of trench backfill, elimination of destruction of trenches and piles, cable exposures, etc., inspection and cleaning of end funnels and connecting couplings; straightening cables, filling funnels and couplings with cable mastic; checking grounding and eliminating detected defects; restoration of damaged or lost markings; relocation, if necessary, of individual sections of the cable network; determination of cable heating temperature and monitoring of cable sheath corrosion; carrying out established measurements and tests of cable networks;

lighting networks: external inspection of wiring with elimination of minor defects, checking the condition of wire insulation and the strength of fastenings; checking and cleaning junction boxes, installing missing covers; checking the insulation of descents to lamps, replacing broken insulators and rollers, auditing step-down transformers for local lighting; re-tightening, repairing or changing individual sections of the network, checking the serviceability of plug sockets, switches, fuses and replacing unusable ones; checking insulation with a megger, restoring lost or damaged markings, minor repairs of group distribution and safety panels and boxes; replacement and restoration of electrical wiring when performing routine repairs of walls, partitions and ceilings; carrying out specified measurements and tests;

intra-shop power networks: checking the strength of connecting points, mechanical protection, especially at outlets from pipes, inputs into devices and terminal boards, passages through walls and ceilings; checking contact connections, checking fastening along the entire length and tightening individual sections of the network; restoration of broken or lost markings, checking the condition of inscriptions and warning posters, replacing or repairing individual worn-out sections of the network, couplings, funnels, etc., re-soldering individual lugs, re-cutting cable funnels; checking insulation with a megger, checking the compliance of fuses and fuses with rated currents and replacing them if necessary; Carrying out specified measurements and tests.

8.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

The scope of overhaul work includes all routine repair operations and, in addition:

Overhead lines: overhead inspections with removal of wires and cables from clamps, inspection and replacement of substandard wires, cables, suspension and exhaust fittings, complete rehauling of lines; measurement of electrical strength and partial replacement of porcelain insulators of tension and hanging garlands (first row in the first year of operation); measuring the resistance of connections of copper, aluminum and steel-aluminum wires connected by pressing and crimping, repairing connections, spot checking the rusting of metal footboards with opening the footboards, depending on the results - painting or tarring them; measurement of grounding resistance of supports with selective opening of individual grounding elements; checking for cracks in reinforced concrete supports and attachments; straightening and replacing up to 50% of the supports and their structural elements, complete repainting of the supports and restoration of anti-rot coatings; carrying out specified measurements and tests;

CL: partial or complete replacement(as necessary) sections of the cable network, painting of cable structures; re-cutting of individual end funnels of cables and couplings; device for additional mechanical protection in places of possible cable damage;

intra-shop power networks: partial or complete replacement of wires and cables, additional fastening of network sections that cannot be replaced;

lighting networks: replacement of damaged sections of the network, additional fastening of wires and cables of lamps, replacement of plug sockets, switches, fuses, junction box covers, faulty local lighting transformers; correcting the protection of wires and cables from mechanical damage, wiping wires;

backbone networks of closed and open busbars: repair or replacement of tires, replacement of insulators, repair and painting of the busbar casing and supporting structures;

grounding networks: selective opening of the soil, inspection and, if necessary, complete or partial replacement of elements of the grounding device located in the ground, mains and conductors of the grounding network and their painting; full testing;

grounding devices: selective opening of the soil to inspect the elements of the grounding device located in the ground; measurement of the impedance of the phase-zero loop; cleaning the sumps of the main grounding conductors, checking the reliability of connections of artificial grounding conductors.

8.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

8.4.1. Standards for the frequency, duration of downtime during repairs and labor intensity of repairs of electrical networks are given in Table. 8.1 taking into account their purpose and environmental conditions.

Table 8.1

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of electrical network repairs

* For power cables with rubber insulation of mobile electrical installations and mechanisms, major repairs are carried out after 17,280 hours.

** The frequency of overhaul of intra-shop power networks in high-risk areas should be planned after 86,400 hours, and in especially dangerous areas - after 25,920 hours.

8.4.2. The need for more frequent overhauls of overhead lines is established by the chief power engineer based on the results of inspections, measurements and tests.

8.4.3. Depending on the installation method, voltage, wire cross-section to the data in table. 8.1 the following correction factors are applied:

for overhead lines with voltage 6 – 35 kV – 1.3;

for control cables with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 – 1.2; 4 mm 2 – 1.4; for intra-shop networks laid over wooden bases, – 0,75;

for intra-shop networks laid at a height of more than 2.5 m - 1.1.

8.4.4. In table 8.2 and 8.3 show the labor intensity standards for repairing individual elements of the power cable network and control cable networks.

Table 8.2

Labor intensity standards for repairing power cable network elements

Table 8.3

Labor intensity standards for repairing elements of control cable networks

8.5. Standards for the consumption of materials and spare parts for major repairs

8.5.1. Material consumption rates for major repairs (Table 8.4) are given per 100 people. – h repair of electrical networks.

Table 8.4

Consumption rates for basic materials for major repairs of electrical networks

8.5.2. In table 8.5 shows the safety stock standards for products and materials for electrical networks.

Table 8.5

Standards for safety stock of products and materials for electrical networks

9. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND COMPLETE LOW VOLTAGE DEVICES (UP TO 1000 V)

This section provides instructions for the repair of the following groups of devices for general industrial use with voltages up to 1000 V: circuit breakers and switches, automatic air circuit breakers, magnetic starters, contactors, switches and batch switches, command devices, controllers and command controllers, buttons and control stations, resistance boxes and rheostats , electromagnetic couplings, lifting and braking electromagnets, magnetic plates, distribution points, lighting panels, electric lighting fixtures.

9.1. Maintenance

Depending on the purpose of electrical devices, the following work is carried out during their maintenance: checking the compliance of the devices with operating conditions and load, cleaning the devices, checking the serviceability of the electrical wiring and grounding networks connected to the devices, external and internal inspection devices and elimination of visible damage, external inspection of the explosion-proof enclosure (for explosion-proof devices); tightening fasteners, cleaning contacts from dirt and deposits, checking the serviceability of casings, handles, locks, handles and other fittings; checking the oil level and temperature, absence of leaks and adding oil (if necessary); checking the heating of resistance elements, contacts in all ballasts, the presence of appropriate inscriptions on shields, panels and devices; checking the presence of heating elements and thermal relays and their compliance with the rated current of the pantograph; checking the presence and serviceability of mechanical interlocks, regulating the simultaneous switching on and off of knife switches and switches, replacing fuses and fuse links; checking the operation of signaling devices and the integrity of seals on relays and other devices; checking the availability of reserve elements and spare parts for maintenance and repair.

Electrical devices, the technical condition of which does not meet the requirements of the safety regulations or have deviations from the permissible limits, are subject to replacement or repair.

9.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

The scope of routine repairs includes maintenance operations, as well as the following work: partial disassembly of devices, cleaning and washing of mechanical and contact parts, identification of defective parts and assemblies, their repair or replacement; filing, cleaning and grinding of all contact surfaces, checking and adjusting the density and simultaneity of switching on the corresponding groups of contacts, replacing signal lamps and repairing their fittings; checking the serviceability of arc chutes and partitions, the serviceability of the grounding connected to the devices; checking and adjusting protection and control relays; checking the tips and leads, as well as the internal circuit of the device; checking and restoration of bushings and other types of insulation of output ends; checking the integrity and replacing resistance elements (if necessary); repair or replacement of bearings and shafts and lubrication of articulated joints; repair or replacement of electromagnet coils and windings for various purposes; restoration of inscriptions and markings, updating of the diagram drawing (if necessary); checking and replacing insulators; restoration of insulating coating on coils, panels, partitions and other parts; repair or replacement of clamps, cams, fingers, brake rollers, return mechanisms and other parts of the mechanical part of controllers and command devices.

When repairing electromagnetic couplings, distribution points, lighting panels and devices, the following is performed:

electromagnetic couplings: checking the heating of the coupling body and discs, securing the body to prevent axial movements;

checking the ease of movement of the armature and the clarity of the clutch on and off, the serviceability of the oil supply system; changing worn brushes, adjusting brush holders; cleaning slip rings and lapping friction surfaces; partial disassembly of the coupling and replacement of the ferrodo tape if necessary; adding insulating oil to oil-filled devices. If during the current repair of devices they were disassembled with the replacement of coils, armatures, windings and other main parts, then after this the device is subject to testing to the established extent;

distribution points and lighting panels: current repair of all component devices with replacement of individual devices (if necessary), checking the condition and repair of busbars and electrical wiring, tightening all fasteners and terminals, painting panels (if necessary);

electric lighting fixtures: removing dust from luminaires, wiping the fixtures, checking the fastening of sockets, nipples and contacts with replacing faulty ones, recharging wires in luminaires, changing reflectors and individual luminaires, checking for grounding and grounding and correcting detected defects, checking reliability and (if necessary) strengthening the pendants of lamps, brackets and sconces, as well as brackets for local lighting, replacing cables and guy wires, replacing burnt-out and individual high-noise chokes, checking the level of illumination at control points and the level of general illumination of the room with simultaneous control measurement of voltage in the network on the supply side in the most remote areas points (produced in accordance with the requirements of PTE and PPB).

9.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

The scope of overhaul includes routine repair work, as well as complete disassembly of the device, cleaning, washing and drying of parts, defect detection and repair of failed parts and individual components, replacement of parts of the mechanical part of the device, replacement of leads, fasteners and shut-off valves, repair or replacement of housings or casings of arc-extinguishing chambers, replacement of insulating oil in oil-filled devices, repair of explosion protection elements in explosion-proof devices. By certain species devices, in addition to the given scope of work common to all devices, the following additional work is performed:

for circuit breakers, magnetic starters and contactors: checking and adjusting the travel and pressing of moving contacts, adjusting the simultaneity of switching on in phases and the size of the gap between moving and fixed working contacts, checking the operation and adjusting the thermal relay mechanism, electromechanical drive, overload and short-circuit releases;

for command devices, command controllers and controllers: checking the fastenings of the drum sectors, replacing the gearbox with an oil change, re-riveting the brake pads, adjusting the fixation in relation to the position indicators, checking the interaction of individual components and mechanisms;

for electromagnets: replacement of worn pole pieces, terminal insulators, contact bolts, worn washers and rings, repair or replacement of insulating mass, checking the stroke of the core of electromagnetic brakes;

for complete switchgears: checking the maximum current protection, the operability of the air blast system, the condition of the current and voltage transformers, the condition of the secondary circuit disconnector, arrester, the width of the explosion-proof slots (gaps) between the covers and the housing.

After final assembly, the electrical circuit is checked, painted, adjusted, and tested. After a major overhaul, the devices must be tested to the extent established by standards testing of electrical equipment in accordance with the requirements of PTE and PPB.

9.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

9.4.1. The frequency of repair of electrical devices is given in table. 9.1 for clean and dry room conditions. For devices operating in hot shops, in wet and contaminated areas, the frequency of major repairs is recommended to be taken after 34,560 hours, for those operating in woodworking shops and in shops with a high dust content - after 25,920 hours. The frequency of maintenance in both cases should be taken after 4320 hours

9.4.2. The frequency of overhaul of oil and electromagnetic switches of quarry, cable and overhead lines feeding technological units controlled remotely from the workshop with frequent starts and stops, including for giving an alarm signal, should be planned in accordance with the requirements of the PTE and PPB.

9.4.3. Repair of electrical devices, as a rule, should be carried out simultaneously with the repair of pantographs installed on process equipment.

9.4.4. The labor intensity of repairs is given in table. 9.1 for three-phase electrical apparatus. For devices in explosion-proof and tropical versions, a coefficient of 1.6 is introduced, and for two-pole devices - 0.75.

9.4.5. For maintenance of devices, 10% of the labor intensity of current repairs should be taken (Table 9.1).

Table 9.1

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of electrical devices and complete devices of low voltage (up to 1000 V)

Note. The following correction factors are introduced to the labor intensity standards for major and current repairs: for circuit breakers and switches with a side handle – 1.2; for reversing magnetic starters – 1.8; for lamps located at a height of more than 4 m and built into the interfloor ceiling - 1.3; for lighting panels with plug fuses – 0.75.

9.5. Material consumption standards for current and major repairs

9.5.1. The consumption rates of materials and spare parts for major repairs of electrical devices are given in table. 9.2–9.4, are designed for certain groups of devices, taking into account design and operational similarity.

9.5.2. Numerical values ​​of consumption rates are established depending on the value of the general indicator of the operation of the device (current strength, power, number of circuits and number of switches, mass) and design complexity.

Table 9.2

Material consumption standards for major repairs of switches and controllers per 100 people. – h of repair

Note. If, according to the repair technology, the soldering of device contacts is carried out with copper-phosphorus or silver solder, then its consumption is planned according to the standards for tin-lead solder.

Table 9.3

The rate of consumption of materials for the overhaul of control devices and starting rheostats per 100 people. – h of repair

Note. If, according to the repair technology, the contacts of the device are soldered with copper-phosphorus or silver solder, then its consumption is planned according to the standards for tin-lead solder.

Table 9.4

Material consumption standards for major repairs of distribution points and lighting panels per 100 people. – h of repair

Note. If, according to the repair technology, the contacts of the device are soldered with copper-phosphorus solder, then its consumption is planned according to the standards for tin-lead solder.

Table 9.5

Standards for safety stock of electrical devices and spare parts

9.5.3. The safety stock standards for low-voltage electrical devices and spare parts for them are given for 50 units of similar devices (Table 9.5). If there are more (less than) 50 units of devices, the number of devices contained in the reserve increases (decreases) accordingly, but cannot be less than one.

9.5.4. Material consumption rates for routine repairs are set at 35% of the corresponding consumption rates for major repairs according to the following nomenclature: steel, bolts and nuts, washers, electrodes, rolled brass, installation wire, hose wire, electrical cardboard, getinax, textolite, vinyl chloride tubes, ebonite tubes, glass tape, insulating tape, cable compound, bakelite varnish, enamels and oil paint, transformer oil, gasoline, kerosene, sheet rubber, asbestos-cement slabs, cleaning material.

10. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT (ABOVE 1000 V) AND POWER CONVERTERS

This section provides standards and instructions for the repair of the following high-voltage devices and power converters: oil, air and electromagnetic switches; load switches; disconnectors; valve and tubular arresters; drives for switches and disconnectors; electric drives for controlling electric motors; circuit breakers; current-limiting reactors; current and voltage transformers; thyristor frequency converters; rectifying devices; charging device.

10.1. Maintenance

10.1.1. Inspections of high-voltage devices and converters operating under normal conditions are carried out according to a schedule at least once a month, and for those operating in conditions of high humidity and aggressive environments - 2 times a month. Operating personnel conduct inspections on a daily basis, which must be provided for in local regulations. In addition, once a month, devices and converters are inspected at night to check for the absence of discharges and glowing contacts.

10.1.2. Operating personnel, during daily monitoring of equipment operating modes, monitor the serviceability of high-voltage devices and compliance with the requirements of PTE and PPB.

10.1.3. Minor malfunctions discovered during the inspection of devices are eliminated during breaks in the operation of the installations powered by them, and to eliminate technical problems that can create emergency situations, the equipment is turned off in accordance with the requirements of local instructions.

10.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

The scope of routine repairs includes work performed during maintenance and, in addition:

for current-limiting reactors: repair of concrete columns, fastening bolts and contact clamps, measurement of the insulation resistance of the turns relative to the fastening bolts, if necessary, replacement of the support insulators, restoration of the varnish coating and repair of the insulation of the turns;

for oil switches, load switches, disconnectors, grounding knives, short circuiters, separators and their devices: disassembling the device, repairing or replacing moving contacts, axes, hinges, measuring and adjusting the stroke of the moving part, pressing (travel) of contacts, simultaneity of closing and opening contacts , checking and adjusting the free release mechanism, measuring and adjusting the distance between the striker and the lever of the tripping device, repairing drives and drive mechanisms, rods and levers, replacing defective insulators, changing oil (if necessary), lubricating the rubbing parts of the drive and drive mechanism, checking and repair of alarms and interlocks, checking and replacing current transformers, measuring direct current resistance, checking the condition of contacts, shunt resistances of arc extinguishing devices, windings of switching and breaking coils, testing with increased voltage the main insulation and insulation of secondary circuits in accordance with the requirements of PTE and PPB;

for current and voltage transformers: cleaning insulators, checking and repairing the connections of the primary busbars and wires (cables) of the secondary circuit, checking the grounding bolts and shunt jumpers, measuring the insulation resistance of the primary and secondary windings, the dielectric loss angle, testing the inputs, testing the electrical strength of the primary insulation and secondary windings, as well as insulation of accessible coupling bolts in accordance with the testing standards for electrical equipment and devices of consumer electrical installations;

for tubular and valve-type arresters: checking the condition of the surface of the arrester and the location of the exhaust zones, measuring the internal diameter, internal and external spark gaps of tubular arresters, measuring the resistance of the element of the valve-type arrester, conduction current and breakdown voltages;

for fuses: checking integrity, compliance with circuits, current loads and standards, replacing fuse links and current-limiting resistances (if necessary), checking and adjusting the tightness of the contact part;

for selenium and cuprox rectifiers: disassembly and partial replacement of washers, repair of transformers and rheostat, oil change, checking the operation of the relay and testing the rectifier;

for power semiconductor converters: partial disassembly and monitoring of the condition of thyristor blocks, chokes, reactors, stabilizers, diodes, valves, condition of soldering and tightening of threaded connections, checking fuse inserts, cleaning equipment and semiconductor device blocks from dust, wiping ceramic cases of thyristors, rectifiers and inverters with alcohol at the rate of 10–12 g per thyristor, checking the condition of the cooling system and the operation of all thermal contactors by local heating. After completion of the repair, tests of electrical equipment and devices of consumer electrical installations are carried out, approved by the Federal Supervision;

for mercury converters: checking the pre-discharge system with oil pump overhaul, mercury pump overhaul with mercury cleaning, checking the pumping limit of the oil and mercury pumps and leakage of the pre-discharge system, cleaning the sight glass of the pump, cleaning the pipes and cooling hoses of the converter housings and mercury pumps, overhaul compressor pressure gauge with mercury cleaning, replacement and repair of faulty parts.

10.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

During a major overhaul, the current repair work is carried out in full and, in addition, the following work is performed on individual devices:

for current-limiting reactors: replacement of individual concrete columns and turns, mounting bolts and clamps, coating of the reactor with varnish;

for oil switches, load switches, disconnectors, separators, short circuiters, grounding knives: complete disassembly of all components, repair of fittings and cleaning of the tank, repair or replacement of moving and fixed contacts and the drive mechanism, checking the correct activation of the knives and cleaning them from carbon deposits and deposits, testing individual components and parts for electrical strength, complete disassembly and overhaul of drives and drive mechanisms with replacement of worn parts;

for current and voltage transformers: checking and flushing with oil the magnetic core and windings, replacing them if necessary; oil change, carrying out a full range of tests in the scope provided for in the PTE and PPB;

for tubular and valve-type arresters: carrying out a set of tests provided for in PTE and PPB;

for selenium and cuprox rectifiers: complete disassembly of rectifiers, change of washers or entire columns, rewinding of the transformer (if necessary), repair or replacement of ballasts, oil change;

for power semiconductor converters: rewiring of all power semiconductor circuits of the rectifier and inverter, replacement of defective semiconductor devices, repair of starting and protective equipment, transformers and measuring instruments. Repair of the fan, heat exchanger and flushing of the cooling system with compressed air blowing, checking interlock circuits, setting up the automatic control unit. After repair, a complete check of the converter circuit is carried out to the extent provided by the manufacturer, and the insulation of the entire electrical circuit is tested with a test voltage in accordance with Table. 10.1;

for mercury converters: repair of individual mercury valves with replacement of grids, excitation and ignition anodes, anode and cathode insulators and other failed parts, overhaul of vacuum and cooling systems.

It is not recommended to open collapsible type vacuum mercury converters during major repairs, except in cases where six months before the major repair the number of reverse ignitions was more than ten.

The mercury converter, in which the internal parts were opened, must, after repair, be molded with a load current. Molding is carried out according to the manufacturer’s special instructions. The converter is considered molded if, under a load 25% higher than the rated load, the vacuum does not deteriorate by more than 1 micron within 15 minutes.

Table 10.1

Power Frequency Test Voltage for Semiconductor Converter Isolation

Note. U p – effective voltage values ​​of the circuit being tested.

After a major overhaul, all listed electrical devices are tested to the fullest extent provided for by the testing standards for electrical equipment and devices of consumer electrical installations.

10.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

The frequency of overhaul of thyristor converters can be increased if, when the repair period arrives after a complete check of the circuit, the characteristics of the converter will satisfy its original technical characteristics. For converters and disconnectors, it is recommended to carry out a full check of the circuits every 17,280-25,920 hours of operation, combining it with routine repairs.

The labor intensity of the repair is determined for a complete list of typical repair work on the device with its parameters - power, design, weight, etc.

The numerical values ​​of repair standards are given in table. 10.2.

10.5. Standards for consumption of materials and spare parts for current and major repairs

10.5.1. The material consumption standards for current and major repairs (Tables 10.3, 10.4) are based on experimental data from enterprises repairing relevant devices and power converters with winding changes.

Table 10.2

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of devices with voltages over 1000 V and power converters

Note. The labor intensity of major and current repairs of thyristor converters for galvanic baths with a voltage of 48 V and more is taken with a coefficient of 1.3 of the labor intensity of 24 V converters, both reversible and non-reversible.

Table 10.3

Material consumption standards for major repairs of power rectifiers (converters) per 100 people. – h of repair

Table 10.4

Material consumption standards for major repairs of switches and disconnectors per 100 people. – h of repair

10.5.2. Material consumption rates for current repairs are determined in accordance with the coefficients given in table. 10.5.

Table 10.5

The value of coefficients for determining the consumption of materials for routine repairs of high-voltage electrical devices and power converters

10.5.3. In table 10.6 shows the norms for the safety stock of spare parts for high-voltage devices. Devices and converters used from the safety stock must be immediately replenished.

Table 10.6

Standards for the safety stock of spare parts for high-voltage devices

11. POWER TRANSFORMERS

Repair standards and repair instructions in this section are given for power transformers for general industrial use with voltages up to 35 kV and power up to 16,000 kVA, transformers for powering converters and electric furnaces, dry transformers; autotransformers with a power of up to 250 kV-A, voltage stabilizers for 220–380 V with a power of up to 100 kV-A; complete transformer substations with voltage up to 10 kV and power up to 1000 kVA.

Operation and repair of the listed equipment must meet the requirements of PTE and PPB.

To ensure the safety of work during maintenance and repair of power transformers, the personnel involved for these purposes must have a qualification group in accordance with the PTE and PPB.

11.1. Maintenance

11.1.1. The scope of maintenance of power transformers includes regular and extraordinary inspections.

11.1.2. Regular inspections of transformers (without shutting them down) are carried out within the following periods:

in electrical installations with permanent duty personnel - once a day;

in installations without permanent personnel on duty - at least once a month, at transformer points - at least once every 6 months.

11.1.3. Depending on local conditions, the design and condition of power transformers, the specified periods for inspections of transformers without shutdown can be changed by the person responsible for electrical equipment.

11.1.4. Extraordinary inspections of transformers are carried out: when there is a sharp change in air temperature;

each time the transformer is disconnected by gas or differential protection.

11.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

11.2.1. During routine repairs, maintenance operations are carried out in full, as well as the following work: cleaning of insulators, oil glass, tank and transformer cover; tightening of all bolted connections and cleaning of contact connections; removing dirt from the expander; checking, disassembling and cleaning (if necessary) oil indicators; adding oil to the transformer, adjusting the oil pressure in the bushings; checking transformers for leaks (for gas-filled ones), inspection, cleaning and repair of cooling devices; checking the condition of parts of switching devices accessible for inspection; voltage position check; repair of the grounding network; checking thermosiphon filters (if necessary, replacing the sorbent); checking temperature and pressure control devices (for gas-filled transformers); measurement of winding insulation before and after repair.

11.2.2. Simultaneously with the current repair of transformers, current repairs of bushings are carried out.

11.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

11.3.1. During a major overhaul, all routine repair operations are performed, as well as the following work: draining (pumping) oil from the tank and taking a sample for chemical analysis; dismantling electrical devices, voltage switch and expansion tank; disconnecting leads from coils; removal from the tank and inspection of the core; dismantling radiators; cleaning the tank inside; loosening and loosening (if necessary) of the upper yoke of the magnetic circuit with depressing and removing the coils, replacing them or repairing the insulation of the low and high voltage windings, drying and impregnation of the windings, if necessary, changing the intersheet insulation and re-mixing the electric steel of the magnetic circuit after assembly without windings, installing high voltage coils and low voltage on the magnetic cores, welding of leads onto the coils; installation of connecting devices and insulating strips, wedging of windings; checking tie rods with a megger and replacing defective insulation, repairing voltage switches and taps; repair of the expander cap, radiators, taps, thermosiphon filters (with replacement of silica gel); replacing gaskets; replacement of nitrogen in gas-filled transformers; repair (replacement) of insulators (inputs); repair of cooling and oil purification devices; repair (replacement) of oil pumps, fans; tank painting; changing oil in bushings; filling transformer oil (filling with quartz sand);

checking instrumentation, signaling and protective devices.

11.3.2. For explosion-proof transformers and transformer substations, the following work is additionally performed: checking the status of interlocks; checking explosion protection elements, shells; coating of explosion-proof surfaces with a thin layer of grease CIATIM-202, CIATIM-203.

11.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

11.4.1. In table 11.1 shows repair standards for indoor transformers under normal environmental conditions. For outdoor transformers, the repair frequency is taken with a coefficient of 0.75.

Table 11.1

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of transformers and complete substations

Notes

1. The following correction factors are introduced to the given labor intensity standards: for power transformers 25–30 kV – 1.3; for power transformers with aluminum windings – 1.1; for dry transformers – 0.4; for transformers with voltage regulation under load, with the exception of transformers for arc furnaces, – 1.25; for transformers with split windings – 1.1.

2. The labor intensity of a major overhaul is given for the repair of transformers with a change of windings. When overhauling without changing windings, the following coefficients should be applied: for transformers general purpose, resistance electric furnaces, submersed pumps, power supply for mercury converters, power supply for selenium rectifiers, power supply for power tools, local lighting and power supply for control circuit systems, power supply for semiconductor converters, autotransformers and stabilizers – 0.45; for transformers complete with high voltage equipment for electric arc furnaces – 0.6; for single-transformer complete indoor substations – 0.73; for single-transformer complete substations for outdoor installation – 0.70.

11.4.2. Downtime for major repairs of transformers is given for repairs with replacement of windings. When repairing without changing the windings, a coefficient of 0.67 is applied.

11.5. Standards for consumption of materials and spare parts for current and major repairs

11.5.1. Material consumption rates for major repairs of general industrial and special transformers are given in Table. 11.2-11.4.

11.5.2. Material consumption rates for major repairs of general industrial and furnace transformers are given separately for repair conditions with and without changing windings.

11.5.3. Transformer oil, rubber and silica gel are excluded from the material consumption standards for the repair of dry transformers.

11.5.4. For transformers with a voltage of 35 kV or more, the material consumption standards should be taken with a factor of 1.3.

Table 11.2

Material consumption standards for major repairs without changing the windings of three-phase general industrial and furnace transformers, per 100 people. – h of repair

Table 11.3

Material consumption standards for major repairs with replacement of windings of three-phase general industrial and furnace transformers, per 100 people. – h of repair

Table 11.4

Material consumption standards for the overhaul of dry special transformers, autotransformers and stabilizers,

per 100 people – h of repair

Note. The numerator indicates the consumption of materials with changing windings, the denominator - without changing windings.

11.5.5. Material consumption rates for routine repairs of three-phase general industrial and furnace transformers are set at 20% of the corresponding consumption rates for major repairs without changing windings according to the following nomenclature: steel, electrodes, fasteners, solder, wire, cable, electrical insulating cardboard, cable paper, varnished cloth , kiper tape, taffeta tape, asbestos electrical insulating tape, electrical insulating varnishes, ground enamels, aviation gasoline, solvents, oil-resistant rubber, profile rubber, twisted cord, cleaning material.

11.5.6. Material consumption rates for routine repairs of special transformers are determined by applying the coefficients given in table. 11.5, to the corresponding standards for material consumption for major repairs without changing the windings.

Table 11.5

Coefficients for determining material consumption rates for routine repairs of special transformers

11.5.7. For power transformers, the consumption standards for spare parts for current and major repairs are established as general for all types of power transformers and are given in Table. 11.6.

Table 11.6

Standards for the consumption of spare parts for the repair of power transformers

11.5.8. A safety stock of transformers should be provided only in the absence of a hot reserve in the amount of 10% of the operated number of transformers.

12. BATTERIES

The nomenclature of electric rechargeable batteries is accepted within the following boundaries:

acid lead batteries for stationary installations with a capacity of 72-2304 Ah with a 10-hour discharge and voltage of 12, 24, 48, 60, 110 and 220 V;

alkaline batteries cadmium-nickel and iron-nickel with a voltage of 12.5-60 V and a capacity of 60-950 Ah.

12.1. Maintenance

When maintaining batteries, it is necessary to check the integrity of the cans, the presence and serviceability of jumpers, the absence of electrolyte leakage, measure the density and level of electrolyte and (if necessary) bring it to normal, clean all conductive parts from oxidation and salts and lubricate them with technical petroleum jelly, clean the ventilation holes in battery covers.

12.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

12.2.1. During routine repairs, maintenance operations are carried out in full, as well as the work listed below: checking the condition of the plates, dismantling elements and replacing them with new ones (if necessary, no more than 20% total number) with pre-forming; replacement of part of the separators; removing sludge from elements and eliminating short circuits between plates; cleaning and straightening of positive and negative plates; stripping the connecting poles; assembly and installation of elements; soldering plates to connecting poles; cutting veneer to normal sizes; cutting battery sticks to standard; assembly and installation of separation; filling the elements with electrolyte.

12.2.2. After repair, it is necessary to: check the reliability of soldering in elements with newly installed plates; check the correct installation of new cans (the mass of the cans should be distributed over all support insulators) and the presence of gaskets between the insulators and the bottom of the vessels; check that there is no lag in density and voltage when charging the repaired elements and, if necessary, subject these elements to additional recharging; carry out a control charge and discharge of the battery and determine the actual battery capacity; check the condition of the battery insulation relative to ground.

12.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

12.3.1. During a major overhaul, all current repair work is carried out in full, as well as dismantling the entire battery, disassembling all elements, chemical separation treatment, sorting and repairing positive and negative plates and other lead parts, cleaning and straightening the plates, washing racks with soda solution and water, and boxes, assembling and installing level racks, installing the battery, assembling the separation and installing them in the cells, preparing the electrolyte and filling the battery cells, conducting a control and training cycle (charge, control discharge and subsequent charge).

12.3.2. After completion of the repair, the battery is subject to testing to the following extent:

checking the capacity of the molded battery. The capacity of the battery, normalized to a temperature of 25 °C, must correspond to the factory data, and after 10 years of operation it must be at least 70% of the original;

checking the density of the electrolyte in each jar. The density and temperature of the electrolyte at the end of charging and discharging the battery must correspond to the factory data;

measuring the voltage of each battery cell. No more than 5% of the total number of cells with reduced voltage (so-called lagging cells) is allowed in the battery. The voltage of these elements at the end of the discharge should not differ by more than 1–1.5% from the average voltage of the remaining elements;

measurement of the battery insulation resistance, which should be: 15 kOhm at a voltage of 24 V; 25 kOhm at 48 V; 30 kOhm at 60 V; 50 kOhm at 110 V and 100 kOhm at 220 V;

measuring the height of sediment (sludge) in a jar; There must be a free space of at least 10 mm between the sediment and the lower edge of the positive plates.

12.3.3. Overhaul of the battery can be carried out in parts or the entire battery at the same time. In the latter case, labor costs are reduced, the duration of repairs is reduced by approximately 2 times, and suitable dismantled plates are used more correctly.

When repairing in parts, the number of elements removed for repair is determined from the condition that the part of the battery remaining in operation provides sufficiently reliable power to consumers.

12.3.4. For batteries with a cell switch, at a voltage of 220 V, 12–15 cells can be repaired simultaneously, and at a voltage of 110 V, 6–8 cells. In this case, the batteries are divided into groups and a schedule is drawn up for their sequential removal for repair.

12.3.5. Before repair, alkaline batteries are discharged with a discharge current of the appropriate value for a given type of battery until the voltage drops to 1 V. After this, the jumpers and rubber covers are removed and the electrolyte is drained. The battery case is washed with water inside and out, at the same time the seals of the cans are checked, and then the battery is disassembled. Disassembled plates, jars and separators are washed with water and cleaned chemically from the settled mass and reassembled with replacement of defective plates.

12.3.6. For alkaline batteries, the electrolyte is prepared from potassium hydroxyl with the addition of lithium monohydrate and sodium sulfate in appropriate proportions. The electrolyte in alkaline batteries is replaced every 3 years.

12.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

Numerical values ​​of standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of battery repairs depending on their capacity and voltage are given in Table. 12.1.

Table 12.1

Standards for the frequency and complexity of battery repairs

Notes

1. The duration of downtime during a major overhaul is given without taking into account the time required to carry out the control and training cycle.

2. The frequency of overhaul of batteries is determined based on the results of measurements and tests.

3. The labor intensity of a battery overhaul includes complete disassembly of all battery elements. When disassembling less than 50% of the elements, a correction factor of 0.7 is introduced, and when replacing the entire separation without replacing or repairing elements, a correction factor of 0.5–4 is introduced. Labor intensity standards for repairing alkaline batteries are given without replacing the plates.

Standards for the safety stock of materials and spare parts for battery repairs are given in Table. 12.2.

Table 12.2

Standards for the safety stock of materials and spare parts for battery repairs

13. COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNALING FACILITIES

Instructions for maintenance and repair are given for the following types of wired communications and signaling: automatic telephone exchanges, manual telephone exchanges and switchboards, including dispatcher, director and intercom switchboards; distribution and terminal cable devices, communication devices and subscriber equipment, fire and security alarm detectors, electrical clock equipment, radio broadcasting equipment, cable communication lines and subscriber wiring.

Wired communication means have a large reserve capacity, which, if necessary, allows subscribers to be transferred to backup devices or lines. This makes it possible to repair telephone exchanges without stopping their operation, using the sequential-node method. The same method is used to repair electrical clock equipment and radio broadcasting equipment.

13.1. Maintenance

The scope of work for maintenance of communications equipment is as follows: checking the absence of large backlashes in the joints of components and parts, sticking of relay contacts, looseness in fastenings electrical appliances, counting mechanisms, signaling devices, clutches, checking the fastenings of the supply wires, cleaning and adjusting relay contacts, alarm bells, eliminating breaks in the wiring and damage to the insulation and other minor defects.

13.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

13.2.1. The scope of routine repairs includes all maintenance work, as well as partial disassembly, replacement or repair of individual components, parts, line-cable structures, etc. Measurements and tests of equipment are carried out, and if these data do not comply with the specifications, measures are taken to eliminate defects.

13.2.2. The scope of work for routine repairs of communications equipment is as follows: partial disassembly, identification and replacement of worn parts, components and devices, checking contact pressures, backlash, re-soldering contacts, adjustment, measuring winding resistance, electrical testing of devices and troubleshooting, checking the tightness of connections of parts and components and devices, tightening and cleaning, replacing or re-tightening faulty pieces of wires, cables and groundings, lubricating all rubbing parts, axles, racks, etc., cleaning and touching up rust spots.

13.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

13.3.1. The scope of major repairs, in addition to the work provided for by current repairs, includes the replacement of worn-out components, parts, structures of buildings, and their replacement with more durable, economical ones that improve the operational capabilities of communications equipment.

13.3.2. When carrying out a major overhaul, partial or complete replacement of equipment should be provided (for technical and economic feasibility), replacement of obsolete and obsolete equipment with new, technically more advanced ones.

13.3.3. When overhauling the linear cable system, the possibility of improving the laying of cables, replacing temporary structures with permanent cables, straightening routes, laying cables in new directions, restoring the capacity of damaged cables, etc. should also be provided.

13.3.4. Overhaul of automatic (ATS) and manual (RTS) telephone exchange equipment is carried out continuously throughout the entire repair cycle. In this regard, it is annually planned to bring 1/6 of the total capacity of the station into overhaul with an even distribution over months and working days. Repair of general plant equipment is planned one by one with an approximately even breakdown of labor intensity by year during the repair cycle.

13.3.5. It is advisable to plan the repair of cable terminal devices, subscriber equipment and subscriber wiring in a comprehensive manner on a territorial or workshop basis. One group of workshops should be covered in the first month of the turnaround period, the second - in the second, etc.

13.3.6. Overhaul of subscriber wiring is carried out once every 6 years with the replacement of 50% of subscriber equipment and wiring. For communication devices undergoing major repairs, routine repairs are not planned for this year.

The scope of work for the overhaul of individual communications equipment is as follows:

ATS of a decade-step system: replacement of up to 30% of components and parts according to the list of defects;

RTS - complete disassembly and restoration of the switch circuit with replacement of all main parts, multiple and local field frames, sockets, calling lamps, interrogation and calling keys, repair and adjustment of relays with cleaning and replacement of burnt contacts, mechanical adjustment in accordance with the passports of all switch elements, repair , painting and polishing of switch cases;

operational communication installations - complete disassembly and restoration of the installation circuit with the replacement of all faulty parts and parts of interrogation and calling keys, blinker buttons, relays, amplification equipment, etc., checking and testing the circuit and amplifier equipment, adjusting and tuning the operation of the installation;

fire and security alarm stations - complete restoration of the station diagram according to passport data; replacement of all worn-out components and parts, outdated detectors; replacement of faulty network sections; complete electrical inspection and testing of the switch circuit and signaling network; body repair and painting;

cross telephone exchange - complete dismantling of lightning strips; cleaning and washing springs; assembly of lightning strips, installation of ebonite strips, installation of couplers, springs; insertion of mica gaskets; inserting fuses and thermal coils, adjusting lightning strips and checking them for breakdown; soldering of cable ends; checking, cleaning, repairing test sockets and alarms; complete replacement of the crossing wire;

communication cables and cable terminal devices – re-laying of cables with resoldering, replacement on individual cable spans; repair of cable entries; arrangement of cable entries instead of air cable entries; laying or hanging cables instead of a bundle of overhead wires on individual spans of overhead lines and at intersections; elimination of broken pairs with unsoldering of more than two couplings, balancing of cables, etc., installation of cables under constant air pressure (installation of a compressor unit, identifying leaks in cable couplings); carrying out measures to protect cables from corrosion, lightning strikes, the influence of power lines, etc.; replacement of worn-out overhead cables and wires; repair and replacement of unusable boxes, cable boxes, distribution boxes; distribution cabinets;

electrical clock installations (primary electric clocks, secondary electric clocks; wiring) – replacement of worn out and faulty wiring, replacement of electric clocks (if necessary);

telephone sets of central power supply and local power supply - complete disassembly, cleaning and wiping of all faulty parts; replacing faulty parts with new ones, assembling the telephone and testing;

security alarm system along the perimeter of the enterprise territory - replacement of no more than 30% of alarm components and parts, repair of alarm system along the perimeter;

radio broadcasting nodes and radio networks - replacement of the radio air network and all radio speakers that have undergone physical and moral wear and tear.

13.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

The frequency of repairs is based on the duration of the repair cycle and the interrepair period of communications equipment. The duration of repair downtime is based on the repair of communications equipment by a repair team of 5 people. With an increase (decrease) in the repair front per repairman, downtime in repairs decreases (increases) by 10%. The labor intensity of the repair is established based on the actual labor costs to complete the full volume of repair work. The numerical values ​​of repair standards are given in table. 13.1.

Table 13.1

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of communication and signaling equipment

Notes

1. The complexity of repairing other types of stations is determined by multiplying the tabulated labor intensity of the corresponding type of repair of an automatic telephone exchange of a ten-day-step system by a correction factor, which for automatic telephone exchanges with a machine drive is 1.1; ATS coordinate system (ATSK) – 1.15.

2. The labor intensity of major repairs of automatic telephone exchanges and all types of switches with a capacity of less than 100 numbers that do not have amplifiers is determined at the rate of 7 people. – h per room, and with amplifiers – 8 people. – h per one number. The labor intensity of current repairs is assumed to be equal to 25% of the labor intensity of major repairs. For ATS and RTS, 1/6 of the labor intensity of capital repairs indicated in the table is annually planned.

3. The frequency of overhaul of cable lines is given for cables with a non-metallic sheath laid in the ground and sewerage. For cables laid openly, major repairs should be carried out after 60,480 hours. For lead-lined, non-insulated cables laid in sewers, major repairs should be carried out after 172,800 hours, for open ones - after 129,600 hours.

4. The labor intensity of repairing an electric clock substation is 75% of the labor intensity of repairing an electric clock station with the corresponding number of groups.

13.5. Standards for the consumption of materials and spare parts for repairs

13.5.1. The consumption rates of materials and spare parts for major and current repairs are given in table. 13.2, are set for a year based on the repair of 1/6 of the communication and signaling equipment.

Table 13.2

Annual consumption standards for materials and spare parts for major and current repairs of communication and signaling equipment

13.5.2. In table 13.3 shows the norms for the safety stock of communication and signaling equipment.

Table 13.3

Standards for safety stock of communication and signaling equipment

*For connecting lines of PBX with city PBXs, you should plan cable type TPP

14. RELAY PROTECTION AND ELECTRICAL AUTOMATION DEVICES

Before being put into operation, newly installed relay protection and automation devices are subject to adjustment and acceptance tests with an entry in the equipment passport or in a special journal. When work is carried out by a specialized commissioning organization, their acceptance is carried out by the personnel servicing these devices.

Permission to put the device into operation is formalized by an entry in the relay protection journal with the signatures of representatives of the enterprise and the commissioning organization, if the latter carried out the commissioning of this device.

When commissioning relay protection and automation devices, the following documentation must be provided:

design documentation corrected during installation and commissioning (drawings, explanatory notes, cable magazine, etc.) installation organization;

factory documentation (instructions, passports of electrical equipment, equipment, etc.);

commissioning and testing protocols, executive circuit diagrams (or circuit diagrams and installation diagrams).

At the enterprise, for each connection or relay protection device in operation, in addition to those indicated above, there must be the following technical documentation:

device protocol;

instructions or program for setting up and testing (for complex devices for each type of device or its elements),

technical data about devices in the form of maps or tables of settings and characteristics (sensitivity and selectivity).

The results of periodic checks are recorded in the device’s passport protocol (detailed records for complex relay protection and automation devices, if necessary, in the work log).

14.1. Maintenance

According to current rules and the standards establish the following types of scheduled maintenance of relay protection and automation devices: check when switching on again (adjustment), first preventive control, preventive control, preventive restoration (repair), test control, testing, technical inspection. In addition, during operation, extraordinary inspections and post-accident inspections can be carried out.

Work on each type of scheduled maintenance of relay protection and automation devices is carried out in accordance with the programs given in the specified Rules, current instructions and methodological instructions.

14.2. Maintenance frequency standards

14.2.1. The full service life (resource) of relay protection and automation devices is: for relay protection and automation devices on an electromechanical element base - 25 years (216,000 hours);

for relay protection devices based on microelectronics – 12 years (103,680 hours).

Operation of relay protection and automation devices over specified deadlines service is possible if the equipment and connecting wires of these devices are in satisfactory condition and the maintenance cycle is reduced.

14.2.2. The maintenance cycle depends on the type of relay protection and automation devices and their operating conditions in terms of the influence of various factors external environment and installed from three to twelve years - for relay protection devices of electrical networks 0.4-35 kV and from three to eight years - for relay protection devices of power plants and substations 110-750 kV.

14.2.3. The frequency of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices is given in table. 14.1 and 14.2.

Table 14.1

Frequency of device maintenance Relay protection and protection electrical networks 0.4-35 kV

Notes

1. N - check (adjustment) when switching on again, K1 - first preventive control, K - preventive control, B - preventive restoration, O - testing.

2. The table shows mandatory testing. In addition, sampling is recommended in years when other types of maintenance are not performed. If, during testing or preventive monitoring, a failure of the device or its elements is detected, then the cause that caused the failure is eliminated and, if necessary, depending on the nature of the failure, preventive restoration is carried out.

Table 14.2

Frequency of maintenance of relay protection and automation devices, remote control and alarm systems of power plants and substations 110–750 kV

Notes

1. The scope of preventive monitoring of relay protection and automation devices includes the mandatory restoration of relays of the RT-80, RT-90, RT-40/R, IT-80, IT-90, EV-100, EV-200, RPV-58, RPV series relays -258, RTV, RVM, RP-8, RP-11, RP-18.

2. Replacement of vacuum tubes in high-frequency linear protection devices should be carried out once every four years.

3. Designations - see table. 14.1.

The frequency of test monitoring of relay protection and automation devices of power plants and substations 110–750 kV for devices based on microelectronics is established at least once a year.

For relay protection and automation devices based on microelectronics with built-in test controls, as a rule, training should be provided before the first commissioning. The training consists of supplying the device with operational current and (if possible) operating currents and voltages for 3–5 days; The device must be turned on for a signal. After the training period has expired, you should carry out a test control of the device and, if there are no malfunctions, switch the device off. If it is impossible to carry out training, the first test control should be carried out within two weeks after commissioning.

14.2.4. The frequency of testing for relay protection and automation devices of power plants and substations of 110–750 kV is determined according to local conditions and is approved by the decision of the chief engineer of the enterprise. Testing of automatic transfer switching devices (ATS) for auxiliary needs (SN) of thermal power plants must be carried out by operating personnel at least once every 6 months, and testing of ATS devices for SV power supplies - at least once a year. Correct operation of the devices 3 months before the scheduled date can be counted as an extraordinary test.

14.2.5. The frequency of technical inspections of equipment and secondary circuits is established in accordance with local conditions, but at least 2 times a year.

14.2.6. In order to combine the maintenance of relay protection and automation devices with the repair of main equipment, it is allowed to postpone the planned type of maintenance for a period of up to one year.

14.2.7. Repair of relay protection and automation equipment is carried out by replacing individual failed elements. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity are not regulated.

The work is carried out by electricians to repair relay protection and automation equipment, usually 5–6 categories.

15. ELECTRIC WELDING EQUIPMENT

This section provides standards and instructions for the repair of the following types of electric welding equipment: welding converters and rectifiers, DC welding generators, automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding in a protective environment (gases), spot, butt and seam welding machines, thyristor contactors, regulators welding cycle, spot and seam welding interrupters, equipment for metallization and coating.

15.1. Maintenance

During maintenance of electric welding equipment, the following operations are carried out:

welding transformers: checking the absence of excessive noise, heating of the windings, carbon deposits on the terminals, damage to the insulation of wires, voltage switches and other ballasts, cooling systems, grounding clamps, protective covers, insulating gaskets, cleaning of dust and dirt, cleaning of contacts, insulating parts and voltage switches from copper dust and carbon deposits, adjusting the pointer, eliminating minor defects;

resistance welding machines: checking carbon deposits on the electrodes, absence of swelling of capacitors, excessive heating of intermediate and current-carrying coils, electrodes, busbars and contact connections, absence of air leakage in the air duct system and water leakage in the water cooling system, cleaning equipment from dust, dirt and fluxes, inspection integrity of the insulation of the supply and welding lines, checking the heating of the power transformer windings, minor repairs of ballasts, checking grounding devices;

automatic and semi-automatic arc welding machines: checking control circuits, flux and gas equipment, contact and grounding conductors, electrode adjustment mechanisms, wire feed in gearboxes, tightening loose bolts in welding head assemblies, checking the presence of lubrication in bearings and worm gears.

15.2. Typical nomenclature of repair work during current repairs

The scope of routine repairs includes work required for maintenance, checking and, if necessary, restoring the insulation resistance of the passport or meeting GOST requirements and, in addition:

welding transformers: wiping and purging; checking insulation with a megger, minor repairs to insulation, repair of voltage switches, stoppers, screw mechanism and testing it in operation; repair of fences and casing; casing painting; replacement of electrode holders; inspection of all ballasts and electrical wiring from the welding machine to the power panel;

welding rectifiers: external inspection and wiping of the device, checking the operation of the fan and air relays, checking the rectifier circuit, output and connecting contacts, minor repairs of all equipment;

resistance electric welding machines: measuring insulation resistance, checking the cleanliness of contact surfaces, electrodes, intermediate and current-carrying pads, overhangs and spindles, contact connections and busbars; removal of electrical erosion from contact connections of secondary circuits, replacement of worn parts of the current duct and busbar of secondary circuits, checking the proper operation of electro-pneumatic and spool valves, the absence of leaks in the air duct system and troubleshooting, replacing worn parts, checking and adjusting ballasts, flushing the water cooling system.

15.3. Typical nomenclature of repair work during major overhauls

The scope of overhaul work includes all routine repair operations, complete disassembly of equipment, replacement of worn parts and assemblies, checking insulation strength, if necessary, replacement of ballasts, painting, equipment testing and, in addition:

welding transformers: repair of high and low voltage coils, insulation of damaged areas, if necessary, rewinding of windings or replacing them with new ones;

welding rectifiers: replacement of failed rectifier elements, assembly of a rectifier circuit, fan repair, repair and adjustment of air relays and ballasts;

automatic and semi-automatic arc welding machines: replacement of worn-out components and parts, debugging of gearboxes, worm drive pairs and other mechanisms; reinstallation of the control panel with replacement of faulty electrical devices and electrical measuring instruments; adjustment and coordination of the electrical and mechanical parts of the installation;

resistance welding machines: replacement, if necessary, of current-carrying shoes, rods, rollers and other parts and components, washing and descaling of the water cooling system, repair or replacement of flow switches or pressure switches, repair of ballasts, transformers and mechanical parts of machines.

15.4. Standards for frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs

15.4.1. In table 15.1 provides standards for the repair of stationary electric welding equipment, where the frequency is established for two-shift operation of the equipment. When working in three shifts, a coefficient of 0.67 should be applied, and when working in one shift -1.8. For mobile welding units, a coefficient of 0.67 should be used.

15.4.2. The frequency of repair of electric welding equipment must be agreed with the OGM service, which carries out repairs of the mechanical part of the equipment.

Table 15.1

Standards for the frequency, duration and labor intensity of repairs of electric welding equipment

15.5. Standards for the consumption of materials and spare parts for major repairs

Material consumption rates for major repairs (Table 15.2) are given per 100 people. – hours of repair of electric welding equipment, consumption rates for spare parts (Table 15.3) – for 10 units of the same type of equipment.

Table 15.2

Material consumption standards for the repair of electric welding equipment

Table 15.3

Consumption standards for components and spare parts for the repair of electric welding equipment

In table 15.4 shows the norms for safety stock of components and spare parts.

The reserve standards for electric arc welding transformers are set as a percentage and are: when the number of operated transformers is up to 10 pcs. – 10%, from 11 to 50 – 5%, from 51 to 100 – 3%.

Table 15.4

Standards for safety stock of components and spare parts for repairs of electric welding equipment

16. MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL DEVICES

This section provides instructions for maintenance and repair of various types of electrical measuring and control devices and thermal control devices (measuring the flow of liquids and gas, measuring and regulating pressure, measuring the parameters of electrical circuits, metering the consumption of various types of substances and energy, electrical energy meters).

For measuring and control devices, maintenance, routine repairs and verifications are provided.

To monitor the serviceable condition of instruments, carry out verifications and repairs, special units are created at enterprises: measuring laboratories, control and verification points, inspections, workshops, etc. The right to verify instrumentation is granted only after registration of the above units with the State Metrological Authorities services.

16.1. Maintenance

16.1.1. Maintenance of measurement and control devices is carried out during equipment operation and during breaks between shifts.

16.1.2. The scope of instrument maintenance includes: external inspection, cleaning of instruments; checking their fastening at the installation site, checking for the presence of seals and markings; lubrication of movement mechanisms; changing chart paper; adding special liquids; replacing gaskets in places where fluid leaks; washing chambers; draining and filling of mercury; checking the serviceability of intake devices, refrigerators, water-jet pump filters and power supplies for gas analyzers; adding oil to gearboxes and gearboxes in electronic bridges and potentiometers; checking the serviceability of electrical wiring.

16.1.3. Maintenance of instruments is carried out by operational (maintenance) personnel, whose responsibilities also include timely submission for verification of measuring instruments, for which mandatory state verification is provided by the State Metrological Service.

16.1.4. The frequency of verification of measuring and control devices is established by the enterprise and local metrological service authorities, depending on the environmental conditions in which the devices are operated, for which enterprises draw up calendar schedules of verification in accordance with GOST 8.513-84. The schedules are approved by the chief engineer or chief power engineer of the enterprise.

16.1.5. The frequency of verification for electrical measuring instruments operated under normal conditions is set to once every two years. For devices used in hot, chemical and galvanic shops - after 16 months, and in shops with increased dust, aggressive environment, vibration - after 6 months.

16.2. Maintenance

16.2.1. Devices requiring repair are usually replaced with serviceable ones directly at the installation site. Faulty devices are sent to repair shops (laboratories), where they are repaired.

16.2.2. The scope of routine repairs includes maintenance operations and (additionally) the following work: opening and cleaning the device, partial disassembly of the moving system, correction or replacement of damaged arrows, springs, tubes, contacts, screws, diaphragm holders, steam levers, as well as other faulty parts; checking the quality of insulation and condition of device circuits, installation and condition of taps;

adjustment of the moving system of the device at the main points with repair and installation of additional resistance; shunt rewinding; adjustment of instrument readings to the accuracy class without disassembling the measuring system using a magnetic shunt, adjustable resistance and demagnetization of the screen.

16.2.3. To repair each type of device, technological maps are developed, which list the work performed in a certain sequence.

16.2.4. The frequency of routine repairs of electrical measuring instruments is established after 12 months for normal operating conditions, after 8 months for hot, galvanic and chemical shops, and after 6 months for workshops with heavy dust, aggressive environments, vibration and flow pulsation.

16.2.5. For thermal monitoring devices, uniform repair and verification periods have been established, namely: normal operating conditions - 12 months, hot, chemical and galvanic workshops - 6 months, workshops with heavy dust, aggressive environment, vibration and flow pulsation - 3 months.

16.2.6. The assignment of devices to certain operating conditions is approved by the chief engineer on the recommendation of the chief power engineer.

16.2.7. Labor intensity standards for current repairs and verification of devices are established depending on their purpose and design and are given in Table. 16.1.

Table 16.1

Labor intensity standards for inspections and routine repairs of measuring and control devices

16.2.8. To replace faulty devices with serviceable ones during routine repairs, enterprises create an insurance fund for devices that have passed verification.

16.2.9. Based on operating experience, the safety stock must contain at least one device for the following number: electrical measuring devices - 20; counters, shunts and additional resistances – 30; instrument transformers – 40; measurement and regulation of pressure, vacuum and temperature – 10; measuring and regulating the flow of liquids, gas, composition and properties of liquids, gases and substances – 20; measurement and regulation of liquid levels – 40.

16.3. Material consumption standards for maintenance and repair

16.3.1. Material consumption standards for maintenance and repair (verification), established per 100 people. - h labor intensity of repairs are given in table. 16.2

Table 16.2

Material consumption standards for maintenance and repair of measuring and control devices

The previous material was devoted to cleaners: how to correctly and on what basis calculate the required number of cleaners for each home http://site/rules_528_331.

Now let’s answer the following questions from residents:

How many plumbers do you need per home?

Do you need more roofers in winter than in summer or the same number?

What does the number of workers at our house depend on?

Let's go back to the current one regulatory document and look at Appendix 4 to the order of the Department of Housing utilities and improvement of the city of Moscow dated December 26, 2012 No. 05-14-535/2.

At the end of the material from the large table, but first we will show an approximate calculation.

Let's take the same real residential building. Year of construction - 2002. Its total living space is 8,327 sq.m., 12 floors, 3 entrances, 6 elevators, staircase area - 2,300 sq.m.

Let's add the missing data (in this case they will be approximate). The total area of ​​attics and basements is 1771 sq.m., roofing material is steel, roof area is 1151 sq.m., water supply, heating supply and sewerage are centralized, wall material is brick, number of apartments is 144.

Now let's carry out approximate calculation of the standard number of workers for operating a house according to this document.

Roofer: 1151/25800 = 0.04 in summer and 1151/7270 = 0.16 in winter.
Carpenter: 8327 / 45000 = 0.19
Carpenter: 8327 / 54900 = 0.15
Plasterer: 8327 / 77500 = 0.11
Painter: 8327 / 51700 = 0.16
Bricklayer: 8327 / 34000 = 0.24
Plumber: 144 / 371 + 8327 / 38600 = 0.60
Electrician: 144 / 2240 + 5 / 50 + 2 / 150 = 0.18
Electric gas welder: 1771 / 25000 = 0.07
Helper: 1771 / 38000 = 0.05

From this calculation it is clear that the standard number of workers per house is calculated in tenths. Even if we sum it up for this particular house, we get only 1.91 workers for all work in the house.

These figures clearly show that you should not be surprised if, when you call the dispatch service, a mechanic or electrician may not arrive on time - after all, according to this calculation, it turns out that one electrician must service 5.5 such houses.

Now, by referring to this table, everyone will be able to make calculations for their home.

SERVICE STANDARDS (PER YEAR) FOR WORKERS,
WORKING WITH THE MAINTENANCE AND CURRENT REPAIR OF COMMON PROPERTY IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING

№№	Name of the worker’s profession, equipment, service facilities	Unit	Service life of buildings, years
			10-30 years
			groups of buildings
			1 (brick)	2 (remaining)
1	2	3	6	7
1.	Roofer	sq.m of roof
	- on steel roofs
	during the warm season	"	25800	25800
	during the cold season	"	7270	7270
	- on roll roofing	"	13100	13100
	- on roofs made of piece material	"	16800	16800
2.	A carpenter	sq.m of total area	45000	55800
3.	Construction carpenter	"	54900	68000
4.	Plasterer	"	77500	100300
5.	Construction painter	"	51700	67000
6.	Mason	"	34000	38300
7.	Plumber:
	- water supply, sewerage, no baths and hot water supply	apartment	-	-
	- water supply, sewerage, if there are baths without hot water supply	"	321	321
	- water supply, sewerage, hot water supply	"	371	371
	- central heating from the house boiler room	sq.m of total area	37700	37700
	- central heating from CHP or district boiler house	"	38600	38600
		PC.	100	100
8.	Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment:
	- in houses with open electrical wiring	apartment	-	-
	- in houses with hidden electrical wiring	"	2240	2240
	- power plants	PC.	50	50
	- illuminated house signs and street signs	PC.	150	150
	- a device for washing, cleaning and disinfecting the internal surface of the garbage chute	PC.	100	100
9.	Electric and gas welder	sq.m. of attics, basements	25000	25000
10.	Helper worker	"	38000	38000

Labour Organization

Electricians servicing electrical equipment perform work to maintain the working condition of electrical equipment and external and local lighting networks.

They carry out daily and systematic monitoring of the technical condition of electrical equipment, electric lamps, internal electrical wiring, switches, plugs and control over their maintenance in good condition.

Damage to electrical lighting and electrical equipment of an emergency nature must be repaired immediately.

Prepare power and lighting equipment systems for a planned event.

Carry out maintenance and repair work according to schedules drawn up according to the preventive maintenance plan.

Current repair work includes: minor repairs of control panels in control rooms, electrical wires, power and lighting equipment systems.

Keep records of electricity consumption in the morning and evening. While on duty at the control panel, they record detected defects and malfunctions in the electrical equipment operation log, fulfill requests for prompt switching of equipment, and monitor instrument readings.

When working directly on an electrical installation, depending on the category of complexity of the repair, the work is performed by one or two electricians who have a set of necessary tools and protective equipment.

The electrician's workplace is equipped with a bench with a vice and a swivel chair with adjustable height. Electrical measuring instruments are placed at the workplace. To store electrical measuring tools and instruments at the workplace, the workbench is equipped with drawers.

To repair each type of electrical equipment, one of the workbenches is equipped with a test stand, to which a power outlet is supplied to connect a soldering iron, hand-held lighting, etc. Equipment and spare parts are stored in dry rooms on racks, cable products are rolled into drums and laid out on trays in cable manifolds. When repairing electrical equipment, control and measuring instruments and tools are used, as well as protective equipment in accordance with the safety standards and regulations for the operation of electrical installations.

Scope of work

Monitoring and ensuring the normal and uninterrupted operation of all electrical equipment and electrical appliances. Elimination of all detected defects and problems in electrical installations. Repair of electrical equipment and electrical appliances, lamps.

Maintenance and installation of motors, distribution boards, electrical measuring instruments, automatic machines and heating devices. Monitoring the economical and correct consumption of electricity.

Table 27

Standards for the number of electricians for maintenance
electrical equipment

N positions

Total power of installed equipment, kVA

Number of physical units of equipment

over 70,000

Number standards, people.

Approved by Order of the State Construction Committee of Russia dated December 9, 1999 No. 139

These recommendations are intended to determine the standard number of employees of housing enterprises, establish the optimal structure of organizations, rational placement of personnel; calculating standard labor costs, which are one of the main components of standard costs and economically justified tariffs for services for the maintenance and repair of housing stock.

The recommendations were developed by the Center for Standardization and Information Systems in Housing and Communal Services (TsNIS), which performs the functions of the Federal Center for Price and Tariff Policy in Housing and Communal Services Russian Federation(order of the Gosstroy of Russia dated May 25, 1999 No. 130a) with the participation of the Academy of Public Utilities named after. K.D. Pamfilova (Vavulo N.M.), as well as a number of housing and communal services organizations (Municipal Unitary Enterprise GZhU Fryazino, Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise Housing and Communal Services Kremenki, Kaluga Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Housing Trust" Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Region. , MP "Zarechye" Balashikha Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Municipal Order Administration" Elektrostal Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Zhilkomlex" Korolev Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise Dzerzhinsky Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise " Municipal government order" Noginsk, Moscow Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Housing and Production Enterprise" Kola, Murmansk Region, Municipal Unitary Enterprise "Directorate of a Single Customer" Kashira, Moscow Region, etc.).

The collection was developed by Yu.Yu. Merkushova. Responsible for the development is V.A. Mezhetskaya.

1. GENERAL PART

1.1. The collection includes time standards and service standards (hereinafter referred to as “labor standards”) for repair and maintenance of in-house engineering equipment (heating systems, water supply, drainage, electricity, ventilation, smoke removal), which are integral part a unified set of works for the maintenance and repair of housing stock.

1.2. The collection is intended to determine the labor intensity of work and the number of employees, on the basis of which, in turn, standard labor costs are calculated in standard cost, and, accordingly, in an economically justified tariff. This approach establishes an integral methodology for forming the cost of work on the maintenance and repair of the housing stock in the context of the main cost items.

1.4. The development of labor standards is based on: current regulations, including the Rules and Standards for the Technical Operation of the Housing Stock, approved by Order of the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 17-139 of December 26, 1997, the Methodology for Planning, Accounting and Calculating the Cost of Housing and Communal Services, approved by Resolution of the State Construction Committee of Russia No. 9 dated February 23, 1999; photographic observations; results of analysis of organizational and technical conditions for performing work; technical characteristics of the machines and equipment used.

1.5. The concept of “standard time” means the amount of working time established to perform a unit of work by an employee or group of workers of appropriate qualifications in certain organizational and technical conditions, the concept of “standard of service” is the number of production facilities (equipment units, workplaces, etc.) , which an employee or group of appropriately qualified employees are required to service during a unit of working time under certain organizational and technical conditions.

1.6. Time standards are established in man-hours per unit of work for performers, the numerical and qualification composition of which is given in each paragraph of the normative part of the collection, provided they are provided with the necessary materials, tools and devices.

1.7. Service standards are established for work performed by one person during a work shift with a working week of 40 hours and compliance with other legislative norms labor protection with the most complete and rational use of working time.

1.8. Labor standards take into account the time spent on preparatory and final work, maintenance of the workplace, rest and personal needs, obtaining materials, tools and equipment, loading vehicles and unloading at the site (work area) with storage, installation and rearrangement of scaffolding and devices, periodic cleaning of the workplace from debris and waste and transportation to a designated place at a distance of up to 50 m, moving and carrying materials and devices within the work area at a distance up to 50 m.

1.9. The time spent on moving (transitions) of workers from site to site and from site to site is not taken into account by the standards and is established locally, taking into account rational route schemes that ensure minimal time spent on the movement of workers.

1.10. The standards of the collection provide for the performance of work in accordance with safety regulations.

1.11. Time standards require work to be performed at positive temperatures. When working outdoors at subzero temperatures, the following correction factors are applied to the time standards:

– at temperatures below 0°C to -10°C - 1.1;

– at temperatures from -11°С to -20°С - 1.2;

– at temperatures from -21°С to -30°С - 1.3;

– at temperatures from -31°C to -40°C - 1.45;

– at temperatures from -41°C - 1.5.

1.12. The names of workers' professions are indicated in the collection in accordance with the All-Russian Classifier of Workers' Occupations, Employee Positions and Tariff Classes OK 016-94 (OKPDTR). The content of the work performed is given in accordance with the release of tariff and qualification characteristics. When changes are made to OKPDTR, the names of the professions indicated in this collection must be changed accordingly.

1.13. For work not covered by the collection, as well as when introducing and applying locally a different organization of labor, machines and devices, it is recommended to develop local labor standards.

1.14. When performing work of increased complexity and improved quality, increasing coefficients can be applied.

1.15. An example of calculating the number of workers involved in the repair and maintenance of in-house engineering equipment is given in Appendix 1.

2.1. Labor organization and work technology

2.1.1. Maintenance of heating, water supply, sewerage and electrical supply systems includes work on monitoring the technical condition, maintaining the functionality and serviceability of equipment, setting up and adjusting, and preparing for seasonal operation.

2.1.2. Monitoring the technical condition is carried out through inspections using modern technical diagnostic tools. The work performed during inspections of in-house systems includes the following work:

– elimination of minor malfunctions in water supply and wastewater systems (changing gaskets in water taps, sealing drains, removing blockages, adjusting flush tanks, fastening sanitary fixtures, cleaning siphons, grinding in plug valves in mixers, stuffing seals, changing the ball float, replacing rubber gaskets at the bell and ball valve, installing limiters - throttle washers, cleaning the tank from lime deposits, etc.), strengthening loose devices at the points of their connection to the pipeline, strengthening pipelines;

– elimination of minor malfunctions in heating and hot water supply systems (adjusting three-way valves, stuffing seals, minor repairs to thermal insulation, etc., replacement steel radiators in case of leaks, disassembling, inspecting and cleaning the mud traps of air collectors, plungers, compensators of control valves, valves, gate valves; descaling shut-off valves, etc., strengthening loose devices at the points of their connection to the pipeline, strengthening pipelines);

– elimination of minor malfunctions of electrical devices (wiping and changing burnt-out light bulbs in public areas, changing or repairing sockets and switches, minor electrical wiring repairs, etc.).

2.1.3. Monitoring the technical condition is carried out through inspections using modern technical diagnostic tools. General inspections, during which the scope of work is specified for inclusion in the routine repair plan, are carried out twice a year.

2.1.4. When carrying out partial inspections, faults that can be eliminated during the time allotted for inspection should be eliminated.

Partial inspections of water supply and sewerage systems are carried out 3-6 times a month, central heating systems 3-6 times a month during the heating season. Inspections of exposed electrical wiring and fixtures in auxiliary rooms are carried out 3 times a month, inspections of hidden electrical wiring - 6 times a month.

The results of inspections should be reflected in documents recording the technical condition of equipment (magazines, special cards, etc.).

These documents must contain: an assessment of the technical condition of engineering equipment, identified faults, as well as information about repairs performed during inspections.

2.1.5. When preparing buildings for operation in the spring-summer and autumn-winter periods, the following work is performed:

– repair and insulation of pipelines in attics and basements;

– repair, adjustment and testing of water supply and heating systems.

2.1.6. Maintenance also includes:

– adjustment and adjustment of the heating system during the testing period;

– flushing the heating system;

– cleaning and rinsing water tanks;

– adjustment and adjustment of systems automatic control engineering equipment.

2.1.7. Maintenance must be carried out continuously throughout the entire period of operation of the equipment.

2.1.8. Current repair of in-house systems of engineering equipment consists of carrying out scheduled preventative work in order to prevent its premature wear, as well as work to eliminate minor damage that occurs during operation.

2.2. Regulatory part

2.2.1. Time standards for maintenance work on heating, water supply, drainage and electricity systems

2.2.1.1. Heating

Table 1

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit, person-hour.
Grinding in shut-off valves without removing them from their place Shutting off the water. Removing the oil seal and old packing. Cleaning the oil seal. Oil seal packing. Installing the oil seal in place and tightening the nuts. Grinding in the stopcock and valve at the valve. Starting the water.		plumber
– plug valve with diameter, mm: – up to 25 – 26 – 50
– valve valve diameter, mm: – up to 25 – 26 – 50	1 valve
Strengthening hooks for pipes and central heating devices Removing the hook with the recess of the wooden plug. Installing a wooden plug in an old hole. Hook installation.	1 mount	plumber
Unscrewing and screwing in the radiator plug Cleaning the plug and section from the old gasket. Cleaning and passing old threads on the radiator plug. Installing a gasket or sealing strand on the red lead. Screwing in the plug.		plumber
Rearranging old radiator sections Disconnecting sections by removing radiator plugs. Cleaning and washing of sections. Cleaning nipples.		plumber
Attaching sections with screwing in radiator plugs and winding flax strands on red lead		plumber
Liquidation air jams in the heating system In the riser: Opening the valve on the air collector located in the attic of the building. Air release. Closing the valve.		plumber
In the radiator block: Unscrewing the plug, releasing air. Screwing the plug.	1 radiator block
Repair of adjustment valves on radiator units. Dismantling the crane. Lapping the tap. Assembling and adjusting the tap.		plumber
Preservation of the heating system. System inspection. Drawing up an inventory of deficiencies. Carrying out necessary repairs. Flushing the system. Test fire.	100 m pipeline	plumber	VI, V, III
Minor insulation repairs Cleaning the pipe from dirt and rust. Applying mastic insulation to hot pipe in two layers 3 cm thick.	1 m pipeline	thermal insulation insulator
Central heating system inspection Indoor devices Checking the condition of the pipeline, heating devices, control and shut-off valves.	1000 m2 living space	plumber
Devices in attics and basements: Checking the condition of control taps and valves, gate valves, shut-off valves of expansion tanks in the attic. Checking the condition of fasteners, hangers and support gaskets for the main pipeline in the attic, and thermal insulation.	1000 m2 of inspected premises	plumber

2.2.1.2. Water supply, sanitation

table 2

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category
Repairing a water tap without removing it Changing gaskets: Shutting off the apartment valve. Unscrewing the tap head. Replacing the sealing gasket. Installing the tap head tap into place. Opening the apartment valve. Checking the operation of the crane.		plumber
Oil seal packing: Shutting off the apartment valve. Removing the handwheel and packing nut. Oil seal packing. Reinstalling the nut and handwheel. Opening the apartment valve. Checking the operation of the crane.		plumber
Mixer repair without removal Changing gaskets: Shutting off the apartment valve. Unscrewing the valve head. Replacing the sealing gasket. Mixer type:	1 mixer	plumber
Without a shower
Oil seal packing: Shutting off the apartment valve. Unscrewing the valve head. Oil seal packing. Reinstalling the valve head. Opening the apartment valve. Checking the operation of the mixer. Mixer type:	1 mixer	plumber
Without a shower
Compaction of squeegees using flax strands or asbestos cord (without disassembling the squeegees)	1 connection	plumber
Removing blockages from sanitary fixtures Removing the inspection cover. Removing blockage using a cable. Bleeding a sanitary fixture using a plunger. Installing the inspection cover.		plumber
Adjusting cisterns Partial disassembly, cleaning and reassembly of the flush tank, adjustment and testing of the tank with water.		plumber
Strengthening a loose toilet Installing wooden plugs into the taffeta hole. Fixing the toilet with screws.		plumber
Cleaning and rinsing siphons of sanitary appliances Removing the siphon cover. Cleaning the siphon. Installing the cover. Unscrewing the siphon cap. Disconnecting the siphon from the sanitary fixture. Cleaning and flushing of siphon and pipelines. Installing the siphon in place.		plumber
Cast iron siphons
Siphons, plastic or brass
Eliminating leaks from flexible hoses connecting sanitary fixtures Unscrewing the connection nuts. Replacing gaskets. Screwing the nuts.	1 connection	plumber
Cleaning old cast iron pipes and fittings from build-up and dirt with a steel brush Pipe diameter, mm:	1 m pipeline	plumber
Temporary sealing of fistulas and cracks in internal pipelines and risers Cleaning the sealing area. Installation of an elastic lining with fastening of clamps on bolts. Pipeline diameter, mm:		plumber
Packing of oil seals of expansion pipes on risers of internal drains Cleaning the surface of the pipe using a metal brush and scraper to remove dry bitumen and old sealant. Packing of the oil seal and joint sealant with sealing with bitumen mastic.	1 pipe	plumber
Inspection of water supply, sewerage and hot water supply Checking the serviceability of water taps, mixers, shut-off valves, and sanitary fixtures. Checking the condition of fasteners on main water pipelines and sockets sewer pipes, siphons.	100 apartments	plumber

2.2.1.3. Electricity supply

Table 3

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Replacing a burnt-out light bulb Removing the lampshade (if necessary). Unscrewing a burnt-out light bulb from its socket. Screwing in a new light bulb. Installation of the lampshade (if necessary). Checking the operation of the electric lamp.	1 electric lamp
Repair of sockets and switches Disassembling a socket or switch. Replacement of burnt contacts. Cleaning and lubricating all contacts. Checking fasteners. Assembling a socket or switch. Checking operation and adjustment.	1 socket (switch)	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Minor electrical wiring repairs Checking the insulation of electrical wiring and strengthening it.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Checking the grounding of bathtubs		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Checking the grounding of the electrical cable sheath		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Inspection of electrical network lines, fittings and electrical equipment Checking the condition of electrical network lines and fittings, group distribution and safety panels and transition boxes, power plants. - electrical networks, fittings, electrical equipment in apartments	1000 m2 living space	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Same thing on the stairwells	100 landings	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Power point	electric motor	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment

2.2.2. Time standards for work on routine repairs of heating, water supply, drainage, and electrical systems

2.2.2.1. Heating

Table 4

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Replacement of individual sections of pipelines made of steel water and gas non-galvanized pipes. Removal of fastening means, disconnection of the damaged section, installation of a new section of pipeline with preliminary cutting of pipes and manual threading, installation of fastening means. Pipe diameter, mm:	1 plot	plumber
Replacement of individual sections of pipelines made of electric-welded steel pipes<*>Removing fastening means, disconnecting or cutting out the damaged section of the pipeline. Cutting a new section of the pipeline, installing the pipeline in place with installation of fastening means. Pipe diameter, mm:	1 plot	plumber, gas welder
Replacing radiator blocks Removing the radiator block. Installation of a new radiator block and connecting it to the pipeline. Radiator block weight, kg:	1 radiator block	plumber
Bulkhead sections of the radiator block Disconnecting the radiator block from the pipeline. Disconnecting sections by removing radiator plugs. Cleaning and washing of sections. Cleaning nipples. Attaching new sections with removing the radiator plugs. Connecting the radiator block to the pipeline. Adding a section to a radiator block Disconnecting the radiator block from the pipeline.		plumber
Removing the radiator plug and cleaning the plug and sections from the old gasket. Attaching new sections with screwing in radiator plugs. Attaching the section to the radiator block.		plumber
Changing a parallel valve Disconnecting the valve from the pipeline, removing the valve. Cleaning joints. Installation of a new valve with installation of gaskets and bolts. Verify correct installation by hydraulic test. Gate valve diameter, mm:	1 valve	plumber
Change of double adjustment taps. Dismantling the drive. Removing the tap. Disconnecting the pipe from the tap. Installation of a new tap. Connecting the pipe to the tap. Assembly of the drive. Passage diameter, mm:		plumber
Changing plug valves Dismantling the flow. Removing the tap, disconnecting the pipe from the tap. Installation of a new tap. Connecting the pipe to the tap. Assembly of the drive. Tap diameter, mm:		plumber
Changing the valve	1 valve	plumber
Installation of valves for bleeding air from the system. Cutting out a section of the pipeline. Preparation of a drive with thread cutting. Crane installation. Assembly of the drive. Tap diameter, mm:		plumber
Insulation of the central heating (water supply) pipeline. Wrapping pipes and fixtures with kraft paper and glass wool mats. Fastening the metal mesh to the pipeline. Coating the pipeline with asbestos cement mortar. Oil painting of the pipeline.	1 m2 insulated area
Insulation of water tanks		thermal insulation insulator
Replacement of low power pumps (hand pump) Disconnecting the pump from the pipelines. Removing the pump. Disassembling the new pump with wiping and inspection of parts. Pump assembly. Installation in place. Connecting the pump to the pipeline. Testing the pump. Pipe diameter, mm:		plumber
Restoration of destroyed thermal insulation Dismantling of individual sections of destroyed thermal insulation. Pipeline insulation.	1 m2 of restored area	thermal insulation insulator
Flushing central heating system pipelines Connecting the hose to the pipeline. Flushing the system under pressure. Disconnecting the hose from the pipeline. Pipe diameter, mm:	100 m3 building	plumber
Central heating system piping testing First operational test of individual parts of the system External inspection of the pipeline. Installation of plug and pressure gauge. Connecting a hydraulic press to the water supply. Filling individual parts of the system with water to a given pressure.	100 m pipeline	plumber
Working check of the system as a whole Inspection of the pipeline with marking of defective areas. Draining water from the pipeline and eliminating defects.
Final inspection upon delivery of the system Filling the system as a whole to a given pressure. Inspection and testing of the system. Reducing pressure and eliminating defects. Pressure testing of the system. Draining water from the system. Removing the plugs, pressure gauge and disconnecting the press.
Checking for heating of heating devices with adjustment
Repair of low power pumps Removal and installation of a used hand pump with its disassembly, cleaning and assembly, as well as disassembly, cleaning and assembly of the drain line. Pipe diameter, mm:		plumber
Removing, cleaning and installing a parallel valve Disconnection from the pipeline. Removing the device from its place. Complete disassembly device. Inspect and clean all parts and individual parts of the device. Checking the completeness. Assembling the device with gasket packing. Checking the interaction of parts in the assembled device. Fitting disks with making gaskets. Reinstalling the device. Checking for correct installation. Gate valve diameter, mm:	1 valve	plumber

*) Notes:

1. The standards provide for changing a section of a pipeline up to 1 m long. For changing each next meter of pipeline, multiply the time standards for welding by 1.1, for threading - by 1.2.

2. The laying of new sections of the pipeline should be standardized according to the collection E9 "Constructions of heat supply, water supply, gas supply and sewerage systems", vol. 1 "Sanitary and technical equipment of buildings and structures."

2.2.2.2. Water supply, sanitation

Table 5

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Replacement of individual sections of cold and hot water supply pipelines from galvanized steel water and gas pipes Removing fastening means. Disconnecting or cutting out a damaged section of a pipeline. Preparation of a new pipeline section. Laying a pipeline from steel pipes with installation of fasteners. Pipe diameter, mm:	1 plot	plumber
Replacement of individual sections of cold and hot water supply pipelines from electric-welded steel pipes Removing fastening means. Cutting out the damaged section of the pipeline. Preparation of a new pipeline section. Laying a pipeline from steel pipes with installation of fasteners. Pipe diameter, mm:	1 plot	gas welder plumber
Replacement of individual sections of internal cast iron sewer outlets Removing fastening means. Chasing of bells. Dismantling of unusable pipes and fittings. Laying new pipes with installation of fastening means. Caulking of bells. Diameter of sewer outlet, mm:	1 plot	plumber
Replacement of individual sections of sewerage pipelines made of high-density polyethylene pipes Removing fastening means. Dismantling of unusable pipes and fittings. Laying new pipes with installation of fastening means.	1 plot	plumber
Horizontal Diameter, mm:
Vertical Diameter, mm:
Caulking of sewer pipe sockets Clearing the top layer of the joint. Caulking the socket with asbestos cement mortar. Pipe diameter, mm	1 bell	plumber
51 - 75 Diameter, mm:
Sealing the joints of the risers of internal drains Cleaning butt joints of cement and old sealant. Sealing connections with harnesses or gaskets. Filling the annular space of the socket with asbestos cement mortar.	1 connection	plumber
Replacement of internal fire hydrants		plumber
Removing blockages in internal sewer pipelines Removing the inspection cover. Removing blockage using a cable. Installing the inspection cover.	1 flight between revisions	plumber
Siphon change Disconnecting the siphon from the sanitary fixture and the sewer outlet. Attaching a new siphon with sealing the joint. Checking the siphon operation:		plumber
On plastic pipelines
On cast iron pipelines
Changing ladders Removing the drain, installing a new one with a removable grate and a rubber plug to remove blockages. Cast iron ladder, diameter, mm:		plumber

2.2.2.3. Electricity supply

Table 6

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Replacement of faulty sections of the building's electrical network Disconnecting wires from the terminals of distribution panels and boxes. Pulling wires out of pipes and ducts. Connecting the ends of the wire to the terminals of distribution panels and boxes. Number and cross-section of conductors in the wire, mm2:	1 m wire
2 x 1.5; 2 x 2.5
3 x 1.5; 3 x 2.5
Replacing the group power line of an electric stove (without sealing fines)	1 electric stove	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Partial replacement of wires and tires	1 electric stove	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement of faulty electrical installation products (switches, plug sockets) Removing a switch or socket and disconnecting it from the lighting network. Installing a new switch or socket and connecting it to the lighting network. Checking the operation of the switch or socket.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing lamps: - for incandescent lamps Removing a sconce or lamp. Disconnecting from the electrical wiring and removing the fittings for mounting a sconce or lamp. Installation of a new sconce or lamp with connection to the electrical wiring. Screwing in an electric lamp. Checking the operation of a sconce or lamp.	1 lamp (sconce)	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
For fluorescent lamps Removing the lampshade or diffuser (if necessary). Removing a failed light source. Installing a new light source. Installation of a lampshade or diffuser (if necessary). Checking the operation of the lamp	1 lamp	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing fuses Removing the fuse. Cleaning the clamp contacts, installing a new fuse.	1 fuse	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing circuit breakers Disconnecting the supply busbars (wires) from the switch, unfastening and removing the switch. Installing and securing a new switch, connecting supply buses (wires) to the switch.	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement of batch switches of input distribution devices Disconnecting the supply cables from the switch. Unfastening and removing the switch. Installing and securing a new switch, connecting supply cables.	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing shields Removing the shield cover. Disconnecting the wires of the supply and consumption lines. Removing fasteners. Removing the shield. Installation of a new shield and securing it. Connecting the supply and consumption lines. Checking the operation of the shield.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Panel repair Removing the shield cover. Inspection of the shield. Replacement of failed elements. Wiping the shield. Checking the operation of the shield.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing parts Removing fastening parts and removing unusable plugs. Installing new plugs. Installation of fastening parts:	1 mount	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Hooks and pins
Brackets
Replacing a wall or ceiling socket Removing the unusable cartridge and disconnecting it from the lighting network. Installing a new cartridge and connecting it to the lighting network. Checking the operation of the cartridge:		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
With open fittings
With hermetic fittings
Network insulation resistance measurement Connecting the device to electrical wiring and insulation. Measuring resistance and recording instrument readings. Disconnecting the device from electrical wiring and insulation.	1 plot	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the time relay Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the relay. Installing and securing a new time relay, connecting the supply wire.	1 time relay	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the switch Disconnecting the supply cables from the switch, detaching and removing the rod, drive base, handle, switch. Installation and fastening of a new switch, handle with drive base, rods, connection of supply cables.	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing electromagnetic contactors Disconnecting the supply bars, detaching and removing the contactor. Installing and securing a new contactor, connecting supply bars and wires.	1 contactor	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing magnetic starters Unfastening and removing the cover, disconnecting the supply wires, grounding and removing the magnetic starter. Installing and securing the new magnetic starter, connecting the supply wire, grounding and securing the cover.	1 starter	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement of oil-filled push-button control station and limit switch Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching the push-button control station (limit switch). Installation and fastening of a new push-button control station (limit switch), connection of supply wires.	1 push-button control station (limit switch)	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the universal switch Disconnecting the lead wires, unfastening and removing the switch. Installing and securing the new switch, connecting the supply wires.	1 universal switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing control keys Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the control key. Installing and securing a new control key, connecting supply wires.	1 control key	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing control buttons Disconnecting the lead wires, detaching and removing the button. Installing and securing a new button, connecting the supply wires.	1 control button	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the intermediate relay		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement of relays (indicating signal devices) Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the relay. Installing and securing a new relay, connecting supply wires.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the voltage relay Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the relay. Installing and securing a new relay, connecting supply wires.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the current relay Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the relay. Installing and securing a new relay, connecting supply wires		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the thermal relay Disconnecting the supply wires, detaching and removing the relay. Installing and securing a new relay, connecting supply wires.		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the electric motor Removing the electric motor. Installation of a new electric motor. Testing the electric motor to check the absence of extraneous noise during operation; degree of heating of the housing and bearings. Getting involved in work.	1 electric motor	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Repair of floor stationary electric stoves: Replacing a cast iron burner	1 burner	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing heating elements		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the oven thermostat	1 thermostat	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the power switch	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the burner rim ring		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing Oven Light Bulbs		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the switch knob		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing oven glass		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the circuit breaker	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing the plug connector (plug and socket)		electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Detecting faults in the circuit	1 electric stove	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Repair of the switch on site (with cleaning of contacts)	1 switch	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement and repair of other elements (door handles, backlight switch, thermostat, plug connector)	1 element	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacing stationary electric stoves	1 electric stove	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment
Replacement of metering devices (electricity meters) Disconnecting wires from the old meter. Removing the old meter. Installation and connection of a new meter. Checking its work.	1 counter	electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment

2.2.3. Integrated service standards for the maintenance and repair of heating, water supply, sanitation and electricity systems

Integrated service standards are established in the volume of work performed by one worker of the relevant profession during annual rate working hours with a 40-hour work week, and are designed taking into account the most complete and rational use working hours.

The standards established differentiation by professions of workers and groups of buildings, taking into account their service life.

These standards provide for the implementation of a set of works on maintenance and routine repairs of heating, water supply, drainage and electricity systems necessary to maintain the performance of in-house engineering equipment.

Table 7

Name of the main professions of workers	Unit	Service life of buildings, years
			from 11 to 30 p/p
		Service Standards
Plumber:
Water supply, sewerage, apartment without baths and hot water supply;	apartment
Water supply, sewerage in the presence of baths without hot water supply;	apartment
Water supply, sewerage, hot water supply	apartment
Central heating from a combined heat and power plant or a quarterly boiler house	total area, m2
Electrician for repair and maintenance:
Electrical equipment in houses with open wiring;	apartment
In houses with hidden electrical wiring;	apartment
Power plants;
Illuminated house signs and street signs

Note: When calculating the standard number of workers, the total area of ​​the building includes the total area of ​​apartments, the total area of ​​common areas (interfloor staircases, stairs, corridors), the total area non-residential premises(trade, warehouse, industrial, office, cultural and amenity premises). In this case, the total area of ​​common areas and non-residential premises is taken into account with a coefficient of 0.5.

3.1. Labor organization and work technology

3.1.1. Ventilation of residential premises is provided with natural impulse. Exhaust ventilation of living rooms of apartments is provided through exhaust ducts of kitchens and sanitary units.

3.1.2. When installing gas water heaters in kitchens, the gas duct from the water heater is considered as an additional exhaust duct.

3.1.3. In kitchens and sanitary units on the upper floors of a residential building, it is allowed to install a household electric fan instead of an exhaust grille.

3.1.4. Natural exhaust ventilation must ensure the removal of the required volume of air from all premises provided for by the project at current outdoor temperatures of 5°C and below.

3.1.5. Attics must have plank bridges or decks for crossing ventilation ducts and air ducts, the condition of which should be checked annually. All wooden structures must have fire protection.

The air temperature in a cold attic should be no more than 4°C higher than the outside air temperature.

Warm attics used as plenums for ventilation systems must be sealed. The ventilation opening of such an attic space should be a shaft.

The air temperature of a warm attic depends on climatic conditions, but not lower than 12°C.

3.1.6. Ventilation systems in residential buildings must be adjusted depending on sudden drops and increases in the current outside air temperature and strong winds.

Air ducts, channels and shafts in unheated rooms that have moisture on the walls during severe frosts must be additionally insulated with effective bioresistant and fireproof insulation.

3.1.7. The heads of central exhaust shafts for natural ventilation must have umbrellas and deflectors.

3.1.8. List of system shortcomings ventilation units, to be eliminated during the renovation of a residential building, is compiled on the basis of data from the spring inspection.

3.1.9. Inspections of the ventilation system are carried out once a year. Dust removal, disinfection of ventilation ducts, anti-corrosion painting of exhaust shafts, pipes, trays and deflectors are carried out once every three years.

3.2. Regulatory part

3.2.1. Time standards for maintenance and routine repairs of ventilation systems

Table 8

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Disassembling ventilation ducts Beating plaster. Punching or drilling holes. Sawing channels into slabs. Dismantling and stacking slabs.	1 m2 channel surface	plasterer
Clearing clogged ventilation ducts Punching cleaning holes in the channels. Removing blockages and checking the channels. Sealing cleaning holes. Plastering the sealing areas.	1 m channel	plasterer
Replacing the ventilation grille	1 grill	plasterer
Current repair of throttle valve diameter, mm:		repair mechanic and
		systems maintenance
		ventilation and air conditioning

4.1. Labor organization and work technology

4.1.1. The main types of work for which time standards and manpower standards have been developed are maintenance and current repairs of equipment.

4.1.2. Maintenance work includes: external inspection, monitoring of technical condition (operational - inoperative, operational - defective) using the senses and, if necessary, control means, the nomenclature of which is established by the relevant documentation, i.e. determination of the technical condition of installations and individual technical means by external signs.

Functionality check: determination of technical condition by monitoring the performance of technical means and the installation as a whole of part or all of the functions inherent in them, determined by purpose.

4.1.3. Current repair work includes: cleaning the external surfaces of technical equipment, partial disassembly, replacement or repair of equipment of individual units, parts, line-cable structures, etc. Carrying out measurements and testing of equipment; if this data does not correspond to the passport data, measures are taken to eliminate defects. Cleaning, grinding, lubrication, soldering, adjustment, setting up devices, testing and checking them.

4.1.4. The joints of the air duct sections must be sealed.

4.1.5. Partial inspections of the smoke removal system are carried out monthly.

4.2. Regulatory part

4.2.1. Time standards for maintenance and routine repairs of smoke removal systems

Table 9

Title and composition of the work	Unit	Squad composition	Worker category	Standard time per unit. Meas., person-hour
Remote control panel for smoke removal system Check the absence of mechanical damage on the body and front panel of the switchboard, the integrity of the elements attached to the front panel of the switchboard		electrician repairing electrical equipment
Turn off the power supply at the control panel. Check the integrity of internal installation and grounding
Clean the housing and front panel of the switchboard, the caps of signal lamps and the light display from dust and dirt. Clean and repair damage to the internal installation. Lift up the screws securing the terminal blocks. Clean the relay contacts and, if necessary, adjust them. Check fuse ratings. Measure insulation resistance		electrician security and fire alarm system
Apply voltage to the shield. Measure the input and output voltage at the terminal blocks of the shield, going to the beam sets. Measure the voltage on the transformer, rectifier, check the voltage corresponds to the passport data		fire alarm electrician
Check the operation of the control panel in the “Remote check” mode: the “Fault”, “Fire” signal lights and the floor lights come on		fire alarm electrician
Check the operation of the smoke exhaust system in standby mode from any floor: opening of the smoke exhaust valve, lighting of the lamp of the corresponding floor, activation of the fans. Put the system into standby mode.		fire alarm electrician
Actuator Turn off the power supply to the actuator. Check for mechanical damage on the metal rods and blinds covering the smoke exhaust system shaft. Check the strength of the actuator fastening	1 device	electrician repairing electrical equipment
Clean the actuator, smoke exhaust system blinds, and joints of rotating parts from dust and dirt. Lubricate if necessary	1 device	repairman
Set the switch on the floor automation panel to the “Manual” position. Turn on the actuator, check the smooth running of the moving parts of the actuator. Check the operation of the limit switches and the full opening of the blinds covering the smoke exhaust shaft. Return the actuator to its original position. Set the switch on the floor automation panel to the “Remote” position	1 device	repairman
Check the functionality of the actuator from the sensor or detector	1 device	repairman
Floor valve electrical panel Turn off the power supply from the control panel. Check the absence of mechanical damage on the body and palaces of the electrical panel: the integrity of the elements attached to the door of the electrical panel. Open the electrical panel door and check the integrity of the internal installation, mechanical part of the drive, protective grounding	1 electrical panel
Clean the internal installation of the electrical panel from dust and dirt, eliminate damage. Clean the relay contacts, adjust them if necessary, check the free movement of the mechanical drive and electromagnet. Clean the terminal connections and tighten the screws. Check insulation resistance	1 electrical panel	electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Apply voltage to the valve panel. Measure the voltage on the terminal blocks and on the coils of the intermediate relays in the beam, check their compliance with the rating values ​​and the diagram	1 electrical panel	electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Check the functionality of the smoke removal system in the "Local check" mode: the intermediate and executive relays are activated, then the actuator is activated and the floor damper of the smoke removal system is opened	1 electrical panel	electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Open the valve protection grille. Set the drive and valve lever system to its original position. Check the operation of the intermediate and executive relays in standby mode. Close the valve guard	1 electrical panel	electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Local control panel for flow-exhaust fans Check that there are no mechanical damages on the body and cover of the switchboard, and that the shield is securely fastened. Turn off the power supply to the panel. Check the serviceability of the elements attached to the panel cover.		electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Open the shield cover. Check the condition of the machine, magnetic starters, packet switch, control buttons, covers, relay housings, terminal blocks, wires and their insulation, grounding quality		electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Clean the front panel of the switchboard, machine housings, relays, starters, wire harnesses, terminal blocks of packet switch contacts and control buttons from dust and dirt. Make sure that the moving parts of the starters and relays move freely by hand, tighten the fastening screws		electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Measure the voltage on the contacts of the machine and magnetic starters with the machine turned on and off, as well as on the terminal blocks, check the voltage corresponds to the circuit diagram. Close the shield cover		electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman
Check the functionality of the system with sequential switching of the type of work to the “Local” position (activation of the magnetic starter and fan), in remote mode and in automatic mode by influencing the fire detector or sensor of each floor		electrician for repairing electrical equipment, repairman

Annex 1

	Name of works	Meter	Standard time, person-hour	Annual volume of work performed in the meter (column 3)	Average annual costs, man-hour (group 4 x group 5)
	Central heating
	Replacement of individual sections of pipelines made of steel water and gas non-galvanized pipes on threads with pipe diameter, mm
	Adding a section to a radiator block
	Changing parallel gate valves with a diameter of up to 150 mm	valve
	Insulation of central heating pipelines (for a two-pipe network, use K-1.5)	sq.m of insulated area
	Total for central heating:

Standard number of workers

heating system repair = 7563.55/2004 x 1.12 = 4 people,

2004 - annual working time fund (in hours);

1.12 - coefficient of planned absenteeism.