Reflection of the purchase of foreign currency from the federal budget. Accounting for transactions in foreign currency Accounting for foreign currency transactions in rubles by budgetary institutions

Individual institutions (research institutes, higher education institutions, hospitals, customs, some government bodies, etc.) can carry out transactions with foreign currency. Sources of foreign currency receipts for budgetary institutions may be: allocations from the budget for the purchase of material and technical means (equipment, etc.) for foreign currency or payments for work performed by non-residents; targeted financing from international special funds; payment by non-residents for services provided and research work performed; payment of licenses for the implementation of inventions; payment for training, internship, treatment of foreign citizens, etc. Directions for spending foreign currency funds can be: settlements with non-residents for goods supplied, work performed, services rendered; payment for services of non-resident banks; payments for official foreign business trips; sale of currency, etc.

Accounting by budgetary institutions of transactions with foreign currency is regulated by the “Procedure for reflecting transactions in foreign currency in the accounting”, approved by Order of the Civil Code dated July 24, 2001 No. 126, and by Order of the Civil Code dated April 26, 2001 No. 63 “On introducing amendments to the Instructions o correspondence of accounting sub-accounts to reflect the main business operations of budgetary institutions "(as amended by order of the Civil Code of Ukraine No. 139 of 07/09/2007).

For settlements in foreign currency, budgetary institutions may open foreign currency accounts for each type of foreign currency in particular in authorized banks. To open them, the same documents are submitted to the bank as for opening current accounts in national currency, namely:

Application for opening an account (in the prescribed form), signed by the head and chief accountant of the institution;

A copy of the certificate of inclusion of the institution in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, certified by a notary or the body that issued such a certificate;

A copy of the duly registered charter (regulations), certified by a notary or registration authority;

A copy of the certificate of registration of the budget organization with the tax authorities (certificate f. N9 4-OPP);

A card with sample signatures of persons who are granted the right to manage the account and sign documents, and an imprint of the organization’s seal, which must contain the organization’s identification code;

Certificate of registration with the Pension Fund of Ukraine;

A copy of the insurance certificate of registration of the institution in the social insurance fund against industrial accidents and occupational diseases;

NBU license for the right to engage in foreign economic activity.

In accounting, funds in foreign currencies are accounted for separately for each currency in the cumulative statements of cash flows of the general (special) fund, TF No. 381 (budget) or No. 382 (budget) - memorial orders No. 2 and No. 3, respectively. If a budget institution uses several types of foreign currency in its operations and has several foreign currency accounts in the bank, then the number of memorial orders for accounting for foreign currency must correspond to the number of types of currency and bank accounts. In this case, memorial orders are numbered respectively No. 2 1, 2-2, 3 1, 3-2, etc.

In accounting registers, transactions with foreign currency must be reflected in parallel in both foreign and national currency of Ukraine (hryvnia). For this purpose, in memorial orders for each record of currency transactions, 2 lines are provided, one with a serial number (one for the amount in foreign currency, the second for the national currency).

Accounting for currency transactions is carried out by budgetary institutions according to sub-accounts established by the chart of accounts:

302 "Cash desk in foreign currency",

318 "Current accounts in foreign currency",

442 “Other revaluation” (to reflect exchange rate differences).

For each currency in accounting, separate third-order subaccounts are opened depending on the type of currency or accounts opened in bank institutions (302-1, 302-2, 302-3, 318-1, 318-2, etc.).

The initial recognition of transactions carried out in foreign currency in accounting is recalculated into the national currency of Ukraine using the exchange rate on the date of the transaction (date of recognition of assets, liabilities, income, etc.).

Advances, prepayments provided by a budgetary institution (received from other persons) in foreign currency are converted into national currency at the NBU exchange rate on the date of payment (reception) of the advance, prepayment.

Monthly in the financial report, which is in the national currency of Ukraine:

Non-monetary items related to transactions in foreign currency and which are reflected at initial or replacement cost (historical cost) are recalculated into national currency at the exchange rate for the lat of the transaction;

Non-monetary items that are associated with transactions in foreign currency and that are recorded at fair value (received free of charge) are translated into domestic currency at the exchange rate on the date that fair value is determined;

Monetary items carried in foreign currency are reflected in national currency using the exchange rate at the reporting date, that is, exchange differences arise on these items, which are reflected in equity as a result of revaluations.

Monetary items include funds in cash, in bank accounts and in the treasury, in settlements with accountable persons, other debtors and creditors, subject to further repayment in cash. Non-monetary items are considered non-current assets, inventories, receivables and payables; they will be repaid not with money, but with offsets. raw materials, goods, equipment, services or as a result of other non-monetary transactions. In the course of the institution’s activities, debt can be transferred from monetary to non-monetary and vice versa.

As mentioned earlier, non-monetary items are reflected in accounting at the NBU exchange rate on the date of the transaction and are not transferred on each reporting date, and monetary items are transferred using the NBU exchange rate monthly (as of the reporting date).

The main transactions of budgetary institutions with foreign currency are given in table. 2.9.

Analytical accounting of foreign currency at the cash desk of a budgetary institution is carried out in cash books for each currency, including simultaneously in hryvnias at the official NBU exchange rate. Based on the cashier’s report and the primary documents attached to it for currency transactions, a “Memorial Order - Cumulative Sheet for Cash Transactions” is compiled separately for each type of currency, providing them in accordance with No. 1-2, 1-3, etc.

Table 2.9. Reflection on accounts of transactions with foreign currency

	Corresponding subaccounts

1. Funding from the budget is credited to the institution’s foreign currency account
2. Funds received as charitable contributions are credited to the foreign currency account
3. Funds were transferred to an authorized bank for the purchase of foreign currency in accordance with current legislation		311,313,314, 316,319,321, 323, 324, 326
4. Received funds in foreign currency for the provided budgetary institution services to non-residents
5. Settlements made with a bank establishment for the purchase of foreign currency:
purchased foreign currency is credited
payment of the cost of bank services for the purchase of currency is displayed	801,802, 811-813
6. Foreign currency received in cash at the cash desk
7. Foreign currency issued from the cash register for reporting
8. A settlement was made with the accountable person in foreign currency:
an advance report on expenses within the limits of the advance was approved (at the exchange rate on the day the advance was issued)	801,802, 811-813
an advance report on expenses in excess of the advance issued was approved (at the exchange rate on the day of repayment debt)
the debt was repaid (overspending on the advance report) in national currency
9. currency transferred for services provided by a non-resident
10. Salvation for the expenses of the institution, services received, work performed by a non-resident (at the exchange rate on the date of payment of the advance)	"801,802, 811-813
11 Materials received from a non-resident (at the exchange rate on the date of transfer of the advance)
12. Accrued exchange rate difference on the balance of foreign currency funds in bank accounts:
a) when the exchange rate of foreign currency increases
simultaneous second recording		701,702, 711-713
b) when the foreign currency exchange rate depreciates
simultaneous second recording	701.702, 711-713

On a monthly and quarterly basis, budgetary institutions that use foreign currency in their activities compile and submit to the State Civil Institution a “Certificate on Transactions in Foreign Currency”, in which, according to the economic classification codes of expenses, indicators of the availability, receipt and expenditure of funds in foreign currency and in the hryvnia equivalent are given. (for general and special funds separately).

What entries need to be made to convert euros into dollars? (We have euros, but we need to pay the supplier in dollars. The bank offered to carry out the conversion without selling euros and buying dollars, but to carry out the conversion directly from euros to dollars. This is more profitable - we lose less money on the difference in rates.)

For conversion, the rate set by the bank is taken. This procedure follows from Part 7 of Article 14 of the Law of December 10, 2003 No. 173-FZ. At the same time, the conversion of funds in a foreign currency account into rubles on the date of conversion is carried out at the official exchange rate of the Bank of Russia (paragraph 1, clause 5 and clause 6 of PBU 3/2006). This means that if the bank’s commercial cross rate is more profitable for the organization than the official one, it generates other income (clause 7 of PBU 9/99). If the commercial cross-rate is less profitable, the organization must include the resulting difference in other expenses (clause 11 of PBU 10/99).

Reflection in accounting of an operation for the conversion of one foreign currency into another if the commercial cross rate of the bank is more profitable for the organization than the official one will be as follows:

Debit 76 Credit 91-1

– other income from the conversion transaction is reflected.

Reflection in accounting of an operation for the conversion of one foreign currency into another if the commercial cross rate of the bank is less profitable for the organization than the official one will be as follows:

Debit 76 Credit 52 “Currency account in euros”

Foreign currency funds were written off from a foreign currency account in euros for conversion;

Debit 52 “Currency account in US dollars” Credit 76

– currency funds are credited to a foreign currency account in US dollars after the conversion;

Debit 91-2 Credit 76

– other expenses from the conversion operation are reflected.

Reflection in accounting of the conversion of current currency amounts from one currency to another by direct transfer (conversion) of currencies will be as follows:

1. Debit 52-1 Credit 52-1

The ruble equivalent amount was calculated at the write-off rate on the date of conversion into the old currency. The ruble equivalent amount was recalculated from one currency to another at the transfer rate in the new currency

2. Debit 52-1 (91-2) Credit 91-1 (52-1)

Reflected in other income is the recalculation of exchange rate differences that have arisen in rubles in the old currency when the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation exceeds the write-off rate on the day of currency translation or Reflected in other expenses the recalculation of exchange rate differences that have arisen in rubles in the old currency when the write-off rate exceeds the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the day of translation currencies

3. Debit 52-1 (91-2) Credit 91-1 (52-1)

Reflected on other income is the recalculation of exchange rate differences that arise in rubles for the new currency when the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation exceeds the write-off rate on the day of currency translation or Reflected in other expenses the recalculation of exchange rate differences that arise in rubles in the new currency when the write-off rate exceeds the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the day of translation currencies

4. Debit 91-2Credit 52-1

The bank's commission on operations related to currency translation is reflected as part of the organization's other expenses (in ruble equivalent at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of translation of the old currency)

A detailed procedure for recording currency conversion transactions in accounting is contained in the materials of the Glavbukh System

1.Situation: How to reflect foreign currency conversion in accounting. The organization has an account in one currency, and settlements through it are carried out in another currency

Example reflection in accounting of transactions for the conversion of one foreign currency into another. The bank's commercial cross rate is more profitable for the organization than the official one

The bank's commercial cross rate on the date of the transaction is 1.36 USD/EUR. To purchase euros, 13,600 USD (10,000 EUR ? 1.36 USD/EUR) was debited from the organization’s foreign currency account.

The Bank of Russia exchange rate (conditionally) was:

for euro – 40.60 rubles/EUR;

Consequently, the organization converted foreign currencies at a more favorable rate for itself (USD 13,600

– 403,920 rub. (13,600 USD ? 29.70 rubles/USD) – currency funds are written off from a foreign currency account in US dollars for conversion;

Debit 76 Credit 91-1
– 2080 rub. (RUB 406,000 – RUB 403,920) – other income from the conversion transaction is reflected.

An example of how an operation to convert one foreign currency into another is reflected in accounting. The bank's commercial cross rate is less profitable for the organization than the official one

CJSC Alfa entered into a foreign trade contract, payment for which must be made in euros. Alpha has $14,000 in its foreign currency account. To carry out the transaction, Alpha instructs the bank to convert US dollars to receive 10,000 euros.

The bank's commercial cross rate on the date of the transaction is 1.38 USD/EUR. To purchase euros, 13,800 USD (10,000 EUR ? 1.38 USD/EUR) was debited from the organization’s foreign currency account.

The US dollar exchange rate set by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the day of conversion was (conditionally):

for euro – 40.60 rubles/EUR;
for the US dollar – 29.70 rubles/USD.

Consequently, the cross rate of the US dollar to the euro, calculated based on the official rates of these currencies to the ruble, is equal to 1.367 USD/EUR (40.60 rubles/EUR: 29.70 rubles/USD).

Consequently, the organization converted foreign currencies at a less favorable rate for itself (13,800 USD > 13,670 USD (10,000 EUR ? 1,367 USD/EUR)).

The following entries were made in accounting:

Debit 76 Credit 52 “Currency account in US dollars”
– 409,860 rub. (13,800 USD ? 29.70 rubles/USD) – currency funds are written off from a foreign currency account in US dollars for conversion;

Debit 52 “Currency account in euros” Credit 76
– 406,000 rub. (10,000 EUR ? 40.60 rubles/EUR) – currency funds are credited to a foreign currency account in euros after the conversion;

Debit 91-2 Credit 76
– 3860 rub. (RUB 409,860 – RUB 406,000) – other expenses from the conversion operation are reflected.

Oleg Horoshiy

State Advisor to the Tax Service of the Russian Federation, 2nd rank

2. Article: 6.3. Currency accounts

Reflection in accounting of the conversion of current currency amounts from one currency to another through direct transfer (conversion) of currencies.

	Debit	Credit

In the practical activities of budgetary institutions, sometimes it becomes necessary to open a foreign currency account and conduct transactions with money in foreign currency. For example, when making settlements with foreign counterparties (including when purchasing inventories, including equipment, paying for consulting, intermediary and other similar services) or for issuing advances in foreign currency to employees of an institution sent on business trips abroad.

The general rules for organizing and maintaining accounting records of transactions with foreign currency are established by the norms of paragraph 154 of the Instructions to the Unified Chart of Accounts, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 1, 2010 No. 157n.

Transactions involving the movement of funds in foreign currency are simultaneously reflected in accounting both in this currency and in rubles at the Bank of Russia exchange rate on the date of the transactions. The ruble equivalent of the balance of funds in foreign currency on the reporting date (on the date of formation of the accounting registers) is reflected in accounting in rubles at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date.

Exchange differences when making payments in foreign currency

Cash in foreign currency must be revalued at the date of transactions in foreign currency and at the reporting date. In this case, when calculating the ruble equivalent, exchange rate differences (positive or negative) may arise. They are taken into account as an increase (decrease) in funds in the institution’s accounts in foreign currency with attribution to the financial result of the current financial year from the revaluation of assets.

Let us turn to the Instructions for the Chart of Accounts of Budgetary Institutions, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 16, 2010 No. 174n. Its separate provisions regulate the procedure for reflecting in accounting exchange rate differences that arise when converting currency into the ruble equivalent (or vice versa), as well as when recalculating the obligations of the institution or its counterparties on the date of settlement.

Based on the provisions of Instruction No. 174n, when making payments in foreign currency, at least two accounting entries should actually be made:

1) adjust receivables or payables by the amount of the exchange rate difference (if the debt is expressed in foreign currency);

2) revaluate the currency funds debited from the account or credited to the account by the same amount.

Example
As part of the state task, on August 1, the institution accepted an obligation to purchase inventory in the amount of $10,000.

The Central Bank dollar exchange rate on the date of acceptance of obligations was 33.03 rubles. per US dollar. The funds were transferred to the supplier on August 9 (there was a balance of dollars in the foreign currency account sufficient to complete this transaction). Let's assume that the dollar exchange rate on August 9 was 33.18 rubles. per US dollar. The following entries will be made in accounting:

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
August 1
The amount of debt to the supplier for purchased inventories is reflected	4 105 XX 340	4 302 34 730	RUB 330,300 (10,000 USD × 33.03 rubles/USD)
August 9
Funds in foreign currency were transferred to the supplier*	4 302 34 830 “Reducing accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories”	4 201 27 610	RUB 331,800 (10,000 USD × 33.18 rubles/USD)
The amount of exchange rate difference on the accepted obligation is reflected	4 401 10 171	4 302 34 730 “Increase in accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories”	1500 rub. ((33.18 rub/USD – 33.03 rub/USD) × 10,000 USD)

From the foregoing, the following conclusions can be drawn.

1. When foreign currency is received into a foreign currency account, no exchange rate differences arise (if the receipt is not related to the repayment of previously recorded receivables). The received amount is assessed and reflected in accounting at the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on the date of receipt of funds into the account (in accordance with the bank statement on the loan account).

2. If funds in foreign currency are not spent before the next reporting date, there is no need for their revaluation.

3. If any calculations are made between the date of receipt of currency into the account and the reporting date, then exchange rate differences are taken into account on the date of these transactions.

4. When issuing funds in foreign currency on account to seconded employees, exchange rate differences may arise several times depending on when the accountable amount is actually issued - on the day the currency is received from the bank or later.

Let us note that the Russian Ministry of Finance does not deny the possibility of issuing a foreign currency advance for a business trip (letter dated August 9, 2012 No. 14-07-06/9).

Exchange rate differences when purchasing foreign currency

As a rule, foreign currency rates set by credit institutions differ from the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the question arises of how to reflect in accounting the difference that arises when revaluing currency at the rate of a particular bank and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

In our opinion, such a need arises only when purchasing currency (when converting currency into rubles or vice versa). In other situations, the placement of foreign currency funds in the accounts of credit institutions, as well as their expenditure and receipt in foreign currency does not lead to a change in the economic benefits of the bank and, therefore, such amounts are not subject to recalculation.

The documents of the system of normative regulation of accounting in institutions do not regulate the issue of separate reflection in accounting of the difference between the bank's exchange rate and the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Therefore, in our opinion, the general scheme according to which the differences actually formed (between the rate of a particular bank and the rate of the Central Bank) is reflected in accounting is legitimate.

In accounting, such transactions are reflected in the usual manner (clauses 74, 75 of Instruction No. 174n):

a positive exchange rate difference upon conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 201 13 510 “Receipts of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the credit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”;
negative exchange rate difference upon conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected on the credit of account 0 201 13 610 “Disposal of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”.

The need to determine exchange rate differences during conversion is due to the fact that this operation is usually carried out in two steps over two banking days. If the transaction is carried out within one banking day, exchange rate differences do not arise during conversion.

If the terms of the bank account agreement provide for the charging of an additional commission for the services of a credit institution for currency conversion, such amounts are reflected in accounting separately. In our opinion, the most legitimate is to attribute the amounts of expenses to KOSGU code 226 (since this refers to payment for other services). As for accounting entries, according to paragraph 78 of Instruction No. 174n:

payment for currency conversion services of a credit institution is reflected in the credit of account 0 201 23 610 “Outflow of funds of the institution to a credit institution in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 20 226 “Expenses for other work, services”;
a negative exchange rate difference based on the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 401 10 171 and the credit of account 0 201 23 610.

Example
To send an employee on a business trip abroad, the institution needed to purchase $2,000, and it contacted the bank with the appropriate order on August 8.

Let us assume that the exchange rate of the bank in which the institution has a foreign currency account is 34.08 rubles on this date. per US dollar. On the same day, 68,160 rubles were transferred to purchase foreign currency. (34.08 rubles/USD × 2000 USD), the bank purchased the currency and credited it to the institution’s foreign currency account minus a commission in the amount of 200 rubles. August 9. Let’s say the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date was 33.18 rubles. per US dollar.

And on August 12, 2000 US dollars were transferred to a bank currency card of an accountable person sent on a business trip.

An advance report on the expenditure of the entire accountable amount was submitted by the employee on August 22. Let's assume that the exchange rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on this date was 33.25 rubles. per US dollar. The accounting records will record:

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
8 August
Funds were transferred from the institution’s personal account for crediting funds to a foreign currency account (at the bank rate),*	4 201 23 510 “Receipt of funds from an institution to a credit institution on the way”	4 201 11 610 “Retirement of an institution’s funds from personal accounts with the treasury authority”	RUB 68,160
August 9
Currency is credited to the institution’s foreign currency account (at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation),*	4 201 27 510	4 201 23 610	66,360 rub. (33.18 RUB/USD × 2000 USD)
Commission withheld by the bank*	4 401 20 226 “Expenses for other work, services”	4 201 23 610 “Disposals of funds from an institution to a credit institution in transit”	200 rub.
Reflects the negative difference between the currency purchase rate and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation*	4,401 10,171 “Income from revaluation of assets”	4 201 23 610 “Disposal of funds from an institution to a credit institution in transit”	1800 rub. ((34.08 rub/USD – 33.18 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)
12th of August
Currency from the foreign currency account was transferred to the bank card of the posted worker*	4 208 ХХ 560	4 201 27 610 “Retirement of an institution’s funds in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution”	66,440 rub. (33.22 rubles/USD × 2000 USD)
The exchange rate difference from the revaluation of the currency on the account is reflected**	4 201 27 510 “Receipts of funds from an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution”	4 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"	80 rub. ((33.22 rub/USD – 33.18 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)
August 22
Business trip expenses are reflected according to the approved advance report	4 401 20 XXX	4 208 ХХ 660	66,500 rub. (33.25 rub/USD × 2000 USD)
The amount of the exchange rate difference is reflected	4 208 ХХ 560	4 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"	60 rub. ((33.25 rub/USD – 33.22 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)

V. Zakharyin,
budget accounting expert

Exchange differences when making payments in foreign currency

Based on the provisions of Instruction No. 174n, when making payments in foreign currency, at least two accounting entries should actually be made:

1) adjust receivables or payables by the amount of the exchange rate difference (if the debt is expressed in foreign currency);

2) revaluate the currency funds debited from the account or credited to the account by the same amount.

Example
As part of the state task, on August 1, the institution accepted an obligation to purchase inventory in the amount of $10,000.

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
August 1
The amount of debt to the supplier for purchased inventories is reflected	4 105 XX 340 <Увеличение стоимости материальных запасов>	4 302 34 730	RUB 330,300 (10,000 USD × 33.03 rubles/USD)
August 9
Funds in foreign currency were transferred to the supplier*	4 302 34 830 “Reducing accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories”	4 201 27 610	RUB 331,800 (10,000 USD × 33.18 rubles/USD)
The amount of exchange rate difference on the accepted obligation is reflected	4 401 10 171	4 302 34 730 “Increase in accounts payable for the acquisition of inventories”	1500 rub. ((33.18 rub/USD – 33.03 rub/USD) × 10,000 USD)

From the foregoing, the following conclusions can be drawn.

2. If funds in foreign currency are not spent before the next reporting date, there is no need for their revaluation.

Let us note that the Russian Ministry of Finance does not deny the possibility of issuing a foreign currency advance for a business trip (letter dated August 9, 2012 No. 14-07-06/9).

Exchange rate differences when purchasing foreign currency

In accounting, such transactions are reflected in the usual manner (clauses 74, 75 of Instruction No. 174n):

a positive exchange rate difference upon conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 201 13 510 “Receipts of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the credit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”;
negative exchange rate difference upon conversion on the basis of the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected on the credit of account 0 201 13 610 “Disposal of funds of the institution in the treasury body in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 10 171 “Income from revaluation of assets”.

payment for currency conversion services of a credit institution is reflected in the credit of account 0 201 23 610 “Outflow of funds of the institution to a credit institution in transit” and the debit of account 0 401 20 226 “Expenses for other work, services”;
a negative exchange rate difference based on the Certificate (f. 0504833) is reflected in the debit of account 0 401 10 171 and the credit of account 0 201 23 610.

Example
To send an employee on a business trip abroad, the institution needed to purchase $2,000, and it contacted the bank with the appropriate order on August 8.

And on August 12, 2000 US dollars were transferred to a bank currency card of an accountable person sent on a business trip.

Contents of operation	Debit	Credit	Sum
8 August
Funds were transferred from the institution’s personal account for crediting funds to a foreign currency account (at the bank rate),*	4 201 23 510 “Receipt of funds from an institution to a credit institution on the way”	4 201 11 610 “Retirement of an institution’s funds from personal accounts with the treasury authority”	RUB 68,160
August 9
Currency is credited to the institution’s foreign currency account (at the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation),*	4 201 27 510	4 201 23 610	66,360 rub. (33.18 RUB/USD × 2000 USD)
Commission withheld by the bank*	4 401 20 226 “Expenses for other work, services”	4 201 23 610 “Disposals of funds from an institution to a credit institution in transit”	200 rub.
Reflects the negative difference between the currency purchase rate and the rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation*	4,401 10,171 “Income from revaluation of assets”	4 201 23 610 “Disposal of funds from an institution to a credit institution in transit”	1800 rub. ((34.08 rub/USD – 33.18 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)
12th of August
Currency from the foreign currency account was transferred to the bank card of the posted worker*	4 208 ХХ 560 <Увеличение дебиторской задолженности подотчетных лиц>	4 201 27 610 “Retirement of an institution’s funds in foreign currency from an account with a credit institution”	66,440 rub. (33.22 rubles/USD × 2000 USD)
The exchange rate difference from the revaluation of the currency on the account is reflected**	4 201 27 510 “Receipts of funds from an institution in foreign currency to an account with a credit institution”	4 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"	80 rub. ((33.22 rub/USD – 33.18 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)
August 22
Business trip expenses are reflected according to the approved advance report	4 401 20 XXX <Расходы текущего финансового года>	4 208 ХХ 660 <Уменьшение дебиторской задолженности подотчетных лиц>	66,500 rub. (33.25 rub/USD × 2000 USD)
The amount of the exchange rate difference is reflected	4 208 ХХ 560 <Увеличение дебиторской задолженности подотчетных лиц>	4 401 10 171 "Income from revaluation of assets"	60 rub. ((33.25 rub/USD – 33.22 rub/USD) × 2000 USD)

V. Zakharyin,
budget accounting expert

The need to purchase foreign currency may arise from both a commercial organization and a budgetary institution (for example: in the case of sending an employee on a business trip abroad, etc.). In this article, methodologists from the 1C company consider the procedure for accounting for this situation in the 1C: Accounting of a Budgetary Institution 8 program.

dated 10.10.2008 No. 8n

At the same time, in the field

dated December 30, 2008 No. 148n
- ,
- ,
- .

Debit KRB 1 304 04 000
KRB loan 1 304 05 000

Debit CIF 1 201 03 510
KRB loan 1 304 04 000

Debit KRB 17 03

dated January 20, 2006 No. 42-7.1-15/1.2-24).

Debit CIF 1 201 07 510
KIF loan 1 201 03 610

Debit KRB 17 07(according to KOSGU codes corresponding to expenses).

Debit KRB 17 03

dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136

Debit CIF 1 201 03 510"The institution's cash receipts are on the way"
KIF loan 1 401 01 171
Debit KRB 17 03(KOSGU 171);

Debit CIF 1 401 01 171
KIF loan 1 201 03 610
Debit KRB 17 03

No.	the name of the operation	Debit	Credit	Document in the program

		KRB 130404000	KRB 130405000
		KIF 120103510 KRB 1.17.03 (KOSGU)	KRB 130404000
		KIF 120107510 KRB 1.17.07 (KOSGU)	KIF 120103510
		KIF 120103510 KRB 1.17.03.171	KIF 140101171
	dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136)	KIF 140101171	KIF 120103610

Purchasing foreign currency: regulatory rationale

According to clause 2.8.2 of the Procedure for cash services for the execution of the federal budget, budgets of constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local budgets, approved by Order of the Treasury of Russia dated October 10, 2008 No. 8n (hereinafter referred to as Procedure No. 8n), the funds required by the chief administrator of sources of external financing of the federal budget deficit or the chief the manager of federal budget funds for the purchase of foreign currency on the domestic foreign exchange market of the Russian Federation at the expense of the federal budget to pay accepted budget obligations under agreements and government contracts concluded with non-residents for the supply of goods, performance of work and provision of services, making payments in foreign currency related to business trips outside the territory of the Russian Federation, are transferred by the Federal Treasury on the basis of an Application for cash expenses from account No. 40105 to an account opened to the chief administrator of sources of external financing of the federal budget deficit or the chief manager of federal budget funds in a bank for the specified purposes, for use in the prescribed manner on balance sheet account No. 40106 “Federal budget funds allocated to state organizations” (hereinafter referred to as account No. 40106).

At the same time, in the field Purpose of payment Applications for cash expenses In addition to the required information, it is recommended to provide additional text Transfer of funds for the purchase of foreign currency, as well as the name of the foreign currency and the amount.

Transactions involving the transfer of funds to foreign currency accounts and their use are reflected in budget accounting and reporting in accordance with the Instructions for Budget Accounting (approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 30, 2008 No. 148n), taking into account clarifications provided by letters from the Federal Treasury:
- dated December 23, 2005 No. 42-7.1-01/2.4-385,
- dated January 20, 2006 No. 42-7.1-15/1.2-24,
- dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136.

1. Transfer of federal budget funds in rubles for the purchase of foreign currency on the basis of an Application for cash expenses of the main manager (chief administrator of sources of external financing of the federal budget deficit) from the accounts of Federal Treasury bodies opened on balance sheet account 40105 “Federal Budget Funds” to the accounts of managers and recipients of federal budget funds in foreign currency, opened on balance sheet account 40106, is reflected by the entry:

Debit KRB 1 304 04 000"Internal settlements"
KRB loan 1 304 05 000"Calculations for payments from the budget with financial authorities."

At the same time, the main manager (chief administrator of the IFDB), as a recipient of budget funds, based on an extract from the personal account, reflects this operation with the entry:

Debit CIF 1 201 03 510"The institution's cash receipts are on the way"
KRB loan 1 304 04 000"Internal calculations."

Transactions for converting funds into foreign currency should be reflected in off-balance sheet account 17 “Receipts of funds to bank accounts of institutions” opened for account 1,201,03,000, broken down by budget classification codes of the Russian Federation.

Debit KRB 17 03(according to KOSGU codes corresponding to expenses).

2. The purchased foreign currency is credited by the credit institution to the foreign currency account of a budgetary institution opened on balance sheet account 40106 “Federal budget funds allocated to state organizations” and spent in the prescribed manner (letter of the Treasury of Russia dated January 20, 2006 No. 42-7.1-15/1.2 -24).

Receipt of funds in foreign currency to a bank account based on an extract from foreign currency account 40106:

Debit CIF 1 201 07 510"Receipts of funds from the institution to accounts in foreign currency"
KIF loan 1 201 03 610"Institutional cash outflows in transit."

Transactions on the receipt of funds in foreign currency to the foreign currency account of the main manager should be reflected in off-balance sheet accounts 17 “Receipts of funds to bank accounts of institutions” opened to accounts 1,201,07,000 and 1,201,03,000, broken down by budget classification codes of the Russian Federation.

Debit KRB 17 07(according to KOSGU codes corresponding to expenses).

Debit KRB 17 03(according to KOSGU codes corresponding to expenses) with a minus sign.

3. When transferring funds to a foreign currency account, exchange rate differences may arise. Accounting entries for reflecting the exchange rate difference that arose when transferring funds to a foreign currency account are given in the letter of the Treasury of Russia dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136 for the amount of the positive exchange rate difference that arose:

Debit CIF 1 201 03 510"The institution's cash receipts are on the way"
KIF loan 1 401 01 171"Income from revaluation of assets";
Debit KRB 17 03(KOSGU 171);

For the amount of the resulting negative exchange rate difference:

Debit CIF 1 401 01 171"Income from revaluation of assets"
KIF loan 1 201 03 610"Disposals of funds of the institution in transit";
Debit KRB 17 03(KOSGU 171) with a minus sign.

The above accounting entries for the purchase of foreign currency are summarized in a table.

Table. Accounting entries for the purchase of foreign currency at the expense of the federal budget

No.	the name of the operation	Debit	Credit	Document in the program
	Transfer of budget funds for the purchase of currency from a personal account opened with the Treasury to an account opened with a credit institution (103)			Application for cash expense (conversion)
	Transferring a ruble amount to a transit account	KRB 130404000	KRB 130405000
	Crediting a foreign currency amount to a foreign currency account 40106	KIF 120103510 KRB 1.17.03 (KOSGU)	KRB 130404000
	Receipt of funds to the foreign currency account of the main manager, manager, recipient of budget funds for making payments in accordance with the budget schedule (clauses 114, 103)	KIF 120107510 KRB 1.17.07 (KOSGU) KRB 1.17.03 (KOSGU) (with a minus sign)	KIF 120103510	Receipt of foreign currency to the account
	Positive exchange rate difference (letter of the Treasury of Russia dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136)	KIF 120103510 KRB 1.17.03.171	KIF 140101171
	Negative exchange rate difference (letter of the Treasury of Russia dated October 24, 2006 No. 42-2.4-06/136)	KIF 140101171 KRB 1.17.03.171 (with a minus sign)	KIF 120103610

Let's consider how these operations are reflected in the program "1C: Accounting of a budgetary institution 8".

Making a purchase in the program "1C: Accounting of a budgetary institution 8"

In the program "1C: Accounting of a budgetary institution 8", accounting for transactions related to currency conversion is reflected in the accounts:
- 201.07 “Institutional funds in foreign currency”; - 201.03 “Institutional funds on the way.”

For account 201.03, accounting is established by sections of personal accounts (types of funds). Account 201.07 establishes the maintenance of currency accounting and accounting by sections of personal accounts - types of funds (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1

According to Appendix 4 to the Budget Accounting Instructions for account 201.07, acceptable KVD and KBK are configured.

Parallel accounting according to the codes of the budget classification of the Russian Federation is organized on off-balance sheet accounts:
- 17.03 “Receipt of funds in transit to the institution’s accounts”;
- 17.07 “Receipt of funds in foreign currency to the institution’s accounts”;
- 18.07 "Disposal of funds in foreign currency from the accounts of the institution."

For off-balance sheet accounts, accounting is established by type of activity, BCC, KOSGU and by sections of personal accounts (types of funds).

Transfer of federal budget funds in rubles for the purchase of foreign currency

For shaping and printing Applications for cash expenses (f. 0531801) to transfer budget funds for the purchase of foreign currency, as well as to reflect in the accounting of transactions for the transfer of funds for the purchase of foreign currency, a document is used .

The header of the document indicates:

Document Number- filled in automatically when recording a document; it can be changed;
document date- is set equal to the working date of the program; subject to change;
To generate the payer's payment details, you must indicate paying institution And personal account, from which funds should be transferred - click on the selection button to open a directory Personal accounts, from which you should select the desired personal account;
OFK/UFK- you should indicate the body of the Federal Treasury in which the institution’s personal account is serviced;
if accounting is carried out in the context of balance sheets, to generate transactions you should indicate type of balance;
recipient- select from the directory offered by the program Counterparties recipient organization;
recipient's account- by choosing from the Bank and Treasury Accounts directory, indicate which bank details to send funds to. The selection window shows only those current accounts that relate to a specific recipient.

When selecting a payment recipient and his account, information about them specified in the directories Counterparties And Bank and treasury accounts, will be reflected on the bookmark Counterparty document Application for cash expense (conversion). If necessary, the automatically filled values can be changed for a specific cash expense application directly on the tab Counterparty.

Basic payment details are indicated on the tab Application. Payment amount- indicate the total payment amount for the document in rubles. Purpose of payment- a multi-line text field for entering information about the purpose of payment, common to the entire document. Filled out in accordance with the Description of filling out field 24 of the payment order (Appendix 4 to the Regulations on non-cash payments in the Russian Federation, approved by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on October 3, 2002 No. 2-P).

According to the requirements of Order No. 8n in the field Purpose of payment In addition to the required information, it is recommended to provide additional text Transfer of funds for the purchase of foreign currency, as well as the name of the foreign currency and the amount. The payment purpose text can be filled in either manually - by entering a line of text, or automatically - from the template (button Fill out "Purpose of payment").

It is also provided for the inclusion of the INN and KPP specified on the Application tab in the text of the payment purpose according to the rules specified in clause 9.2 of Procedure No. 8n.

Advance payment indicator - indicated by default No.

Payment order- you should indicate the number of the payment priority group in accordance with Article 855 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The default is 6 . Payment type- select the type of payment: by mail, telegraph, electronically, urgently when making payments using the appropriate methods. By default, the attribute takes the value Electronically. Execution deadline- indicates the date no later than which the application must be executed. In this case, the deadline for execution should not be earlier than the date of the current working day. By default, the attribute takes the value according to the setting in the personal account card. In the details group Signatures information about the persons signing the application for cash expenses is indicated. Checkbox Print position should be included if the document is signed by an authorized person.

On the bookmark Payment decryption the total amount of the cash payment (document) is detailed by budget classification codes to form Section 3 “Deciphering the application for cash expenses” of the form Applications for cash expenses, as well as for the formation of accounting records for account 17.03 (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2

In the rows of the tabular section you should indicate:

personal account section- the type of funds from which the cash payment should be made (you must select the section of the personal account indicated in the header of the document);
KBK- for each type of funds, the budget classification codes for which payments must be made are indicated;
KOSGU- the code corresponding to the payment according to the classification of the public administration sector should be indicated. If the institution conducts additional analytics on goals, activities, additional classification, you should enable the visibility of details Purpose code, Event code, Additional classification;
Purpose of payment- the purpose of the payment is indicated according to the corresponding budget classification code in accordance with the basis document confirming the occurrence of a monetary obligation. The detail is filled in if the purpose of the payment changes depending on the budget classification code or the amounts specified in Application;
Note- if necessary, indicate the goal code in brackets, as well as other information necessary for budget execution;
Sum- indicate the amount in rubles according to the corresponding budget classification codes.

After checking that the application has been filled out correctly, it can be printed in the required number of copies (button Seal). Attention! Only the recorded document can be printed. If the document is not recorded, you will be prompted to confirm the recording before printing.

According to Procedure No. 8n, Section 2 is printed on paper and generated electronically in the presence of supporting documents confirming the occurrence of a monetary obligation for the payment of which this document is presented Application for cash expense.

Having received an extract from the personal account, in the document Application for cash expense (conversion) checkbox should be enabled Paid, indicate the date of discharge (on the tab Execution), and then swipe (button OK), reflecting the transaction of writing off funds in the budget accounting accounts.

When posting a document Application for cash expense (conversion) for each specification line Payment decryption three transactions are formed (see paragraph 1 of the table). The accounting records that are generated when posting a document (Fig. 3) can be seen in the accounting certificate (button P print - Accounting certificate).

Rice. 3

On the bookmark Execution You can also indicate the registration number and date of registration of the document in the OFC, the number and date of the supporting document (payment order from the Treasury). The specified details are filled in automatically upon download. Extracts from personal account.

Information about the payment document can also be uploaded. In this case, the settlement document can be printed using the link Confirmation document.

Receipt of funds in foreign currency to a bank account

Based on the extract from foreign currency account 40106, you should enter the document . The document is entered based on the document Application for cash expense (conversion). When entering based on a document Application for cash expense (conversion) Most details are filled in automatically with the values of the corresponding details of the base document.

As document date Receipt of foreign currency to the account You should indicate the date of crediting to the account on the statement.

In the document Receipt of foreign currency to the account You should indicate the currency account and the amount of currency credited to the currency account.

In account card 40106 (directory element Personal accounts) on the tab Personal account details the source of funds to fulfill obligations should be indicated (see Fig. 4).

Rice. 4

On the bookmark additional information The account currency is indicated.

The exchange rate and multiplicity of the currency on the date of enrollment must be uploaded to the directory Currencies in advance or they must be indicated directly in the document. According to the exchange rate and currency multiple specified in the document, the ruble coverage of the currency amount is calculated (details Amount in rubles) and exchange rate differences.

In the details group Budget Accounts You should specify a 26-bit exchange rate account. The default synthetic account is 401.01.171. From the working chart of accounts, you should select account 401.01 with KBK of the type “CIF” (Fig. 5).

Rice. 5

In the tabular section Receipt of currency based on document Application for cash expense (conversion) lines were generated detailing the currency amount by budget classification codes.

Detailed currency amounts are calculated in proportion to the specific weight of the ruble amount reflected in the document Application for cash expense (conversion). Rounding errors apply to the first row of the table.

For each line - budget classification code - the ruble coverage of the currency amount is calculated according to the exchange rate and currency multiple specified in the document.

In each line you should indicate the section of the foreign currency account - Budget funds.

On the bookmark Exchange difference you should indicate the subaccount of accounts for accounting for funds in transit (201.03, 17.03) and accounts for attributing exchange rate differences (401.01).

If the standard account settings have not been changed, then you only need to indicate the section of the personal account from which currency funds were transferred for currency conversion, for accounts 201.03, 17.03 (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6

A correctly filled out document should be used to generate accounting records for crediting currency to a foreign currency account (see paragraph 2 of the table). At the same time, records are generated to reflect exchange rate differences (see paragraphs 3 and 4 of the table). You can generate an accounting certificate for the document, which reflects the generated entries.

Reflection of the purchase of foreign currency from the federal budget. Accounting for transactions in foreign currency Accounting for foreign currency transactions in rubles by budgetary institutions

Exchange differences when making payments in foreign currency

Exchange rate differences when purchasing foreign currency

Exchange differences when making payments in foreign currency

Exchange rate differences when purchasing foreign currency

Purchasing foreign currency: regulatory rationale

Making a purchase in the program "1C: Accounting of a budgetary institution 8"

Transfer of federal budget funds in rubles for the purchase of foreign currency

Receipt of funds in foreign currency to a bank account

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