Prefabricated floor slabs assortment. Floor slabs: types and markings according to GOST, characteristics, sizes and prices

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION. METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE COUNCIL FOR STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS

FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Types and main parameters

Official publication

Standardinform

Preface

The goals, basic principles and basic procedure for carrying out work on interstate standardization are established by GOST 1.0-92 “Interstate standardization system. Basic provisions" and GOST 1.2-2009 "Interstate standardization system. Interstate standards, rules and recommendations for interstate standardization. Rules for development, adoption, application, updating and cancellation"

Standard information

1 DEVELOPED Joint stock company"TsNIIEP housing - institute for integrated design of residential and public buildings"(JSC "TSNIIEP Dwellings")

2 INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 “Construction”

3 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (protocol dated November 12, 2015 No. 82-P)

4 By order Federal agency on technical regulation and metrology dated November 30, 2015 No. 2077-st interstate standard GOST 26434-2015 put into effect as a national standard Russian Federation from January 1, 2017

5 IN REPLACEMENT 26434-65

Information about changes to this standard is published in the annual information index “National Standards”. and the text of changes and amendments is in the monthly information index “National Standards”. In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this standard, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly information index “National Standards”. Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system common use- on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet

In the Russian Federation, this standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication without permission from the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology

INTERSTATE STANDARD

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS Types and main parameters

Reinforced concrete panels for floors in residential buftdings. Types and basic parameters

Date of introduction - 2017-01-01

1 area of use

This standard establishes the types, main dimensions and parameters of floor slabs, general technical requirements to them.

This standard applies to prefabricated reinforced concrete floor slabs made from structural heavy and lightweight concrete (hereinafter referred to as slabs) and intended for the load-bearing part of the floors of residential buildings.

The requirements of this standard should be taken into account when developing regulatory documents and working documentation for specific types of slabs.

2 Normative references

8 of this standard uses regulatory references to the following interstate standards:

GOST 13015-2012 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage

GOST 21779-82 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances

GOST 23009*78 Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures and products. Symbols (brands)

GOST 26433.0*85 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Rules for performing measurements. General provisions

Note - When using this standard, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology on the Internet or using the annual information index “National Standards”, which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and on issues of the monthly information index “National Standards” for the current year. If the reference standard is replaced (changed), then when using this standard you should be guided by the replacing (changed) standard. If the reference standard is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference is made to it is applied in the part that does not affect this reference.

3 Terms and definitions

8 of this standard the following terms with corresponding definitions are used:

3.1 plate: Large-sized flat element building structure, performing load-bearing, enclosing or combined - load-bearing and enclosing, heat-technical, sound-proofing functions.

3.2 floor: Horizontal internal load-bearing structure in a building separating floors.

3.3 coordination (nominal) size of the slab: Design size of the slab between the alignment (coordination) axes of the building in the horizontal direction.

3.4 design size of the slab: Design size of the slab, differing from the design (nominal) size by a standardized gap, taking into account installation and manufacturing tolerances.

Official publication

4 Types, main parameters and dimensions

4.1 Plates are divided into the following types:

Solid single layer:

1P - slabs 120 mm thick.

2P - slabs 160 mm thick;

Multi-hollow:

1 PC - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm.

2PK - slabs 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm.

PB - slabs 220 mm thick without formwork.

Slabs of types 2P and 2PK are made only from heavy concrete.

The shape and dimensions of voids in PB type slabs are established by standards or technical specifications for slabs of this type.

4.2 Plates of types 1P. 2P and. subject to bench molding. 1pk, 2pk can be provided for support on two or three sides or along the contour. PB type slabs are designed for support on two sides.

4.3 In residential buildings with built-in or attached public premises, for the floors of these premises it is allowed to use slabs of the types and sizes established for the floors of public buildings.

4.4 The coordination length and width of the slabs must correspond to those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1

Slab size	Coordination dimensions of the slab, mm	Slab weight (reference), t
Slab size		Slab weight (reference), t
	Plates type 1P








Plates type 2P














	Slab types

Continuation of Table 1

Slab size	Cooodinary	slab weight, mm	Slab weight (reference), t
Slab size			Slab weight (reference), t

End of table 1

Slab size	Cooodinary	plate dimensions, mm	Slab weight (reference), t
Slab size			Slab weight (reference), t

Notes

1 For slabs of type 2PK and PB in the designation of the standard size given in this table, replace 1PK with 2PK or PB.

2 If there are slabs of the same standard size that differ in reinforcement in order to be supported on two, three sides or along the contour, an additional designation should be entered into the marking.

3 Coordination length - 9000 mm is applicable only for slabs of type 1 PC.

4 The mass of the slabs is given for slabs made of heavy concrete with an average density of 2500 kg/m 1.

5 The direction of the design span of type 1PK slabs is set parallel to the length or width of the slab.

4.5 The slabs in the floor of the building should be placed in such a way that their coordination length is equal to the corresponding transverse or longitudinal pitch of the building’s load-bearing structures indicated in Figure 1.

8 cases when paired coordination axes (replaceable in project documentation one alignment axis), the coordination length of the slab should be equal to the distance between the alignment axes of the building minus the coordination size of the insert or half the coordination size of the insert indicated in Figure 2.

to = L 0 h s In

A>. coordination length of the slab; And. distance between transverse and longitudinal coordination axes buildings accordingly

Picture 1

1 - coordination axes of the building; 2 - center axis of the building; a is the distance between paired

coordination axes; A) - coordination length of the slab; Ai and - the distance between the transverse and longitudinal coordination axes of the building, respectively; L" and B" - the distance between the transverse and longitudinal alignment axes of the building, respectively

Figure 2

4.6 The structural length and width of the slabs should be taken equal to the corresponding coordination dimensions indicated in Figures 1.2 and Table 1, reduced by the size of the gap between adjacent slabs - ai indicated in Table 2.

If there are separating elements at the junction of the slabs, the geometric axes of which are combined with the coordination axes (for example, monolithic anti-seismic belts, ventilation ducts, etc.). the structural length of the slabs should be taken equal to the corresponding coordination size indicated in Figures 1. 2 and in Table 1. reduced by the size of the gap of the separating element - Og. indicated in table 2.

4.7 The shape and dimensions of PB type slabs must correspond to those established by the working drawings of the slabs, developed in accordance with the parameters of the molding equipment of the manufacturer of these slabs.

4.8 Additional dimensions taken into account when determining the structural dimensions of the slab are given in Table 2.

table 2

Range of application of the plate	Additional dimensions taken into account when determining the structural size of the slab, mm


Large-panel buildings, including buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points"		10 - for slabs with a coordination width of less than 2400: 20 - for slabs with a coordination width of 2400 or more
Buildings with walls made of bricks, stones and blocks, with the exception of buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points
Buildings with walls made of bricks, stones and blocks with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points
Frame buildings, including buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points

4.9 In the case of a slab covering a space exceeding the distance between adjacent coordination axes of the building (for example, for a slab supported by the entire thickness of the wall staircase in large-panel buildings with transverse load-bearing walls etc.), the design length should be taken equal to the corresponding coordination length indicated in Table 1 and increased by size - az. indicated in table 2.

5 Technical requirements

5.1 Depending on their location in the floor of the building, slabs are used for design uniformly distributed loads (without taking into account the slabs’ own weight) equal to 3.0; 4.5; 6.0; 8.0 kPa (respectively 300.450, 600.800 kgf/m2).

5.2 The working drawings of the slabs used in a particular building indicate the location of embedded parts, reinforcement outlets, local cutouts, holes and other structural details.

5.3 The consumption rates of concrete and steel slabs must correspond to those indicated on the working drawings, taking into account possible clarifications made by the design organization in the prescribed manner.

5.4 The slabs must provide a fire resistance limit in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documents and technical documentation 4 depending on the required fire resistance of the building.

The fire resistance limit of the slabs is indicated on the working drawings.

5.5 Accuracy linear dimensions slabs should be accepted according to the fifth or sixth class of accuracy according to GOST 21779, taking into account the provisions of GOST 26433.0.

SP 112.13330.2012 “SNiP 21.01-97 Fire safety of buildings and structures” is in force not on the territory of the Russian Federation.

Requirements for the quality of concrete surfaces and appearance slabs are installed in accordance with GOST 13015 and must be recorded in the production order.

5.6 Indices of airborne noise insulation of slabs and the reduced level of impact noise under the slab, taken into account when determining the sound insulation indicators of the floor, taking into account current regulatory documents and technical documentation 2, are given in Table 3.

Table3_

Average density of concrete slab, kg/m*	Index value. dB
Average density of concrete slab, kg/m*	airborne sound insulation slab	reduced level of impact noise from an LSD stove

Notes

1 For PB type slabs, airborne sound insulation parameters are set depending on the shape and size of the voids.

2 The given level of impact noise under the slab is based on experimental results

research._

5.7 Floor structures used in floors depending on the type of floor slab are given in Table A.1 of Appendix A.

5.8 Slabs should be marked with marks in accordance with GOST 23009. When establishing designations, the following provisions must be taken into account.

The slab brand consists of alphanumeric groups separated by hyphens.

The first group contains the designation of the type of slab and overall dimensions - structural length and width.

The structural length and width of the slab are indicated in decimeters (rounded to the nearest whole number), and the thickness - in centimeters.

In the second group indicate:

The value of the design load in kilolascals.

Class of prestressed reinforcement - for prestressed slabs.

For slabs made from lightweight concrete, the type of concrete is additionally indicated, denoted by the capital letter “L”.

The third group, if necessary, includes additional characteristics that reflect special conditions the use of slabs, their resistance to seismic and other influences, designations of the design features of the slabs, such as the type and location of reinforcement outlets, embedded products, etc. Special conditions for the use of slabs are indicated in capital letters, design features slabs - lowercase letters or Arabic numerals.

Example symbol(brand) slabs type 1 PC, length 5980 mm. width 1490 mm. for a design load of 4.5 kLa (450 kgf/m2), made of heavy concrete with prestressed reinforcement of class A800 (At-V):

1PK60.15-4.5A800

The same for a slab made of lightweight concrete:

1PK60.15-4.5A800L

The same for a slab supported on three sides:

1PK60.15-4.5A8003

The same for a slab supported on four sides:

1PK60.15-4.5A8004

Note - It is allowed to manufacture slabs of other sizes and mark them with marks in accordance with the working drawings standard designs before their revision.

d On the territory of the Russian Federation, SP 51.13330.2011 “SNiP 23*03-2003 Noise Protection” is in force.

Applicable floor structures

Table A.1

Appendix B (for reference)

Terms used in Appendix A

B.1 The following terms with corresponding definitions are used in Appendix A:

B.1.1 single-layer floor: Floor. oosgoyatsiya from a coating - linoleum on a heat- and sound-insulating basis, laid directly on the floor slabs.

B. 1.2 single-layer floor on a leveling screed: Pop. consisting of a covering - linoleum on a heat- and sound-insulating basis, laid on a leveling screed laid directly on the floor slabs.

B.1.3 floating floor: Floor. consisting of a coating, a rigid base in the form of a monolithic or prefabricated screed and a continuous soundproofing layer of elastic-soft or granular materials laid on floor slabs.

B.1.4 hollow floor: Floor. consisting of hard surface along the joists and soundproofing pads laid on the floor slabs.

B.1.5 hollow-core layered floor: Floor. consisting of a hard covering and a thin soundproofing layer, laid directly on the floor slabs or on a leveling screed.

UDC 691.328.1.022-413:006.354 MKS 91.080.40

Key words: lithite, floor slab, solid slabs, hollow-core slabs, coordination dimensions, structural length and width, standard size, types, parameters, grade, concrete, class, technical requirements, reinforcement, embedded parts.

Editor EY. Shapygina Corrector L.S. Lysenko Computer layout E.K. Kuzina

Signed for publication on 02/08/2016. Format 60x84"/*.

Uel. oven l. 1.40. Circulation 37. Zak. 62.

Prepared based on the electronic version provided by the developer of the standard

FSUE "STANDARTINFORM"

123995 Moscow. Grenade Lane.. 4.

GOST 9561-91 contains the requirements mandatory for the manufacture of hollow-core reinforced concrete slabs from light, heavy, dense silicate concrete intended for covering the load-bearing part of buildings and structures for various purposes. When using slabs for their intended purpose, be sure to follow the instructions in the working drawings and additional requirements that are specified when ordering structures. GOST 9561-91 is valid from 01/01/92.

GOST 9561-91

Group Zh33

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

REINFORCED CONCRETE MULTI-HOLLOW FLOORS PLATES FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

TECHNICAL CONDITIONS

Reinforced concrete multihollow panels

for floors in buildings. Specifications

Date of introduction 1992-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the State Committee for Architecture and Urban Planning under the USSR State Construction Committee (Goskomarchitektura) and the Central Research and Design-Experimental Institute of Industrial Buildings and Structures (TsNIIPromzdanii) of the USSR State Construction Committee

DEVELOPERS

L. S. Exler; A. A. Muzyko (topic leaders); I. I. Podguzova; A. A. Tuchnin, Ph.D. tech. sciences; E. N. Kodysh, Ph.D. tech. sciences; I. B. Baranova; V. G. Kramar, Ph.D. tech. sciences; G. I. Berdichevsky, Doctor of Engineering. sciences; V. L. Morozensky, Ph.D. tech. sciences; Yu. Ts. Khodosh; B.V. Karabanov, Ph.D. tech. sciences; V. V. Sedov; E. L. Shakhova; B. N. Petrov; Ya 3. Gilman; G. V. Turmanidze; N. A. Kapanadze; B.V. Kroshkov; V. I. Pimenova; V. I. Denshchikov

2. APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by the Resolution State Committee USSR on construction and investment dated 09.20.91 No. 5

3. INSTEAD OF GOST 9561-76 and GOST 26434-85 in terms of types, main dimensions and many parameters hollow core slabs

4. REFERENCE REGULATIVE AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

GOST 5781-82

GOST 6727-80

GOST 7348-81

GOST 8829-85

GOST 10060-87

GOST 10180-90

GOST 10181.0-81

GOST 10181.3-81

GOST 10884-81

GOST 10922-90

GOST 12730.0-78

GOST 12730.1-78

GOST 12730.5-84

GOST 13015.0-83

GOST 13015.1-81

GOST 13015.2-81

GOST 13015.4-84

GOST 13840-68

GOST 1762387

GOST 17624-87

GOST 17625-83

GOST 18105-86

GOST 22362-77

GOST 22690-88

GOST 22904-78

GOST 23009-78

GOST 23858-79

GOST 25214-82

GOST 25697-83

GOST 25820-83

GOST 26134-84

GOST 26433.0-85

GOST 26433.1-89

GOST 26633-85

TU 14-4-1322-89

This standard applies to reinforced concrete hollow-core slabs (hereinafter referred to as slabs), made from heavy, light and dense silicate concrete and intended for the load-bearing part of the floors of buildings and structures for various purposes.

The slabs are used in accordance with the instructions of the working drawings of the slabs and additional requirements specified when ordering these structures.

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

1.1. The slabs should be manufactured in accordance with the requirements of this standard and technological documentation approved by the manufacturer, according to working drawings of standard structures (see Appendix 1) or designs of buildings (structures).

It is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to produce slabs that differ in types and sizes from those given in this standard, subject to the remaining requirements of this standard.

1.2. Main parameters and dimensions

1.2.1. Plates are divided into types:

1PK - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm, designed for support on two sides;

1PKT - the same, for support on three sides;

1PKK - the same, for support on four sides;

2PK - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 140 mm, designed for support on two sides;

2PKT - the same, for support on three sides;

2PKK - the same, for support on four sides;

3PK - 220 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 127 mm, designed for support on two sides;

3PKT - the same, for support on three sides;

3PKK - the same, for support on four sides;

4PK - 260 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 159 mm and cutouts in the upper zone along the contour, intended for support on both sides;

5PK - 260 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 180 mm, designed for support on two sides;

6PK - 300 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 203 mm, designed for support on two sides;

7PK - 160 mm thick with round voids with a diameter of 114 mm, designed for support on two sides;

PG - 260 mm thick with pear-shaped voids, designed for support on two sides;

PB - 220 mm thick, manufactured by continuous molding on long stands and designed to be supported on two sides.

1.2.2. The shape and coordination length and width of the slabs (except for PB type slabs) must correspond to those given in table. 1 and to hell. 1-3. For buildings (structures) with a calculated seismicity of 7 points or more, it is allowed to manufacture slabs having a shape different from that indicated in the drawing. 1-3.

1.2.3. The structural length and width of the slabs (except for PB type slabs) should be taken equal to the corresponding coordination size (Table 1), reduced by the value a(1) (the gap between adjacent slabs) or a(2) (the distance between adjacent slabs if there is between them of a separating element, for example, an anti-seismic belt, ventilation ducts, crossbar ribs), or increased by the value a(3) (for example, for slabs supported on the entire thickness of the staircase walls of buildings with transverse load-bearing walls). The values of a(1), a(2) and a(3) are given in table. 2.

1.2.4. The shape and dimensions of PB type slabs must correspond to those established in the working drawings of the slabs, developed in accordance with the parameters of the molding equipment of the manufacturer of these slabs.

Table 1


Drawing number	Coordination dimensions of the slab, mm

	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800, 2400, 3000, 3600
		1000, 1200, 1500
	From 3600 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 7500
	From 2400 to 3600 inclusive. at intervals of 300	From 4800 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200
	From 2400 to 6600 inclusive. at intervals of 300, 7200, 9000	1000, 1200, 1500
	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500
		1000, 1200, 1500
	From 3600 to 6300 inclusive. at intervals of 300	1000, 1200, 1500, 1800
	6000, 9000, 12000	1000, 1200, 1500

Note. The length of the slabs is taken to be:

the size of the side of the slab not supported by the load-bearing structures of the building (structure) - for slabs intended to be supported on two or three sides;

the smaller size of the slab in plan - for slabs intended to be supported along the contour.

Plates types 1PK, 2PK, 3PK, 5PK, 6PK, 7PK

Plates types 1PKT, 2PKT, 3PKT

Plates of types 1PKK, 2PKK, 3PKK

Plate type 4pcs

Plate type PG

Notes to hell. 1-3

1. Slabs of types 1PKT, 2PKT, 3PKT, 1PKK, 2PKK and 3PKK can have technological bevels along all side faces.

2. Methods for strengthening the ends of the slabs are shown in Fig. 1-3 as an example. It is permissible to use other methods of reinforcement, including reducing the diameter of the voids through one on both supports without sealing the opposite ends of the voids.

3. The dimensions and shape of the groove along the longitudinal upper edge of slabs of types 1PKT, 2PKT and 3PKT (Drawing 1b) and along the contour of slabs of type 4PK (Drawing 2) are established in the working drawings of the slabs.

4. In slabs intended for buildings (structures) with a design seismicity of 7-9 points, extreme voids may be absent due to the need to install embedded products or releases of reinforcement for connections between slabs, walls, and anti-seismic belts.

table 2


Scope of application of plates	Additional dimensions taken into account when determining the structural size of the slab, mm
		width a(1)

Large-panel buildings, including buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points		10 - for slabs with a coordination width of less than 2400. 20 - for slabs with a coordination width of 2400 or more
Buildings (structures) with walls made of bricks, stones and blocks, with the exception of buildings (structures) with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points
Buildings (structures) with walls made of bricks, stones and blocks with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points
Frame buildings (structures), including buildings (structures) with a calculated seismicity of 7-9 points

1.2.5. Voids in slabs intended to be supported on two or three sides should be located parallel to the direction along which the length of the slabs is determined. In slabs intended to be supported on four sides, the voids should be located parallel to any side of the slab contour.

The nominal distance between the centers of voids in slabs (except for slabs of types PG and PB) should be taken as no less than, mm:

185 - in slabs of types 1PK, 1PKT, 1PKK, 2PK, 2PKT, 2PKK, 3PK, 3PKT, 3PKK and 4PK;

235 - in slabs of type 5PK;

233 " " " 6pcs;

139 « « « 7pcs.

The distance between the centers of the voids of slabs of types PG and PB is determined in accordance with the parameters of the molding equipment of the manufacturer of these slabs.

1.2.6. The slabs should be made with recesses or grooves on the side faces to form, after embedding, intermittent or continuous keys that ensure the joint operation of the floor slabs for shear in the horizontal and vertical directions.

By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer and the design organization - the author of the project for a specific building (structure), it is allowed to produce slabs without recesses or grooves for the formation of keys.

1.2.7. Slabs intended to be supported on two or three sides should be made prestressed. Slabs with a thickness of 220 mm, a length of less than 4780 mm, with voids with diameters of 159 and 140 mm and slabs with a thickness of 260 mm, with a length of less than 5680 mm, as well as slabs with a thickness of 220 mm, of any length, with voids with a diameter of 127 mm may be manufactured with non-prestressing reinforcement.

1.2.8. The slabs should be made with reinforced ends. Strengthening the ends is achieved by reducing the cross-section of the voids on the supports or filling the voids with concrete or concrete liners (Fig. 1-3). When the design load on the ends of the slabs in the wall support zone does not exceed 1.67 MPa (17 kgf/sq.cm), it is allowed, by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, to supply slabs with unreinforced ends.

Reinforcement methods and minimum dimensions of embedments are established in working drawings or indicated when ordering slabs.

1.2.9. In cases provided for by the working drawings of a particular building (structure), slabs may have embedded products, reinforcement outlets, local cutouts, holes and other additional structural details.

1.2.10. To lift and install slabs, mounting loops or special gripping devices are used, the design of which is established by the manufacturer in agreement with the consumer and the design organization - the author of the building (structure) project. The location and dimensions of the holes in the slabs intended for loopless installation are taken according to the drawings included in the design documentation of the gripping device for these slabs.

1.2.11. The consumption of concrete and steel on the slabs must correspond to those indicated in the working drawings of these slabs, taking into account possible clarifications made by the design organization in the prescribed manner.

1.2.12. The slabs are used taking into account their fire resistance limit specified in the working drawings of the slabs.

1.2.13. The slabs are designated by marks in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23009. The slab mark consists of alphanumeric groups separated by hyphens.

In the first group, indicate the designation of the type of slab, the length and width of the slab in decimeters, the values of which are rounded to the nearest whole number.

In the second group indicate:

design load on the slab in kilopascals (kilogram-force per square meter) or the serial number of the slab by load-bearing capacity;

steel class of prestressed reinforcement (for prestressed slabs);

type of concrete (L - lightweight concrete, C - dense silicate concrete; heavy concrete is not indicated).

In the third group, if necessary, additional characteristics are indicated that reflect the special conditions of use of the slabs (for example, their resistance to aggressive gaseous media, seismic influences), as well as designations of the design features of the slabs (for example, the presence of additional embedded products).

An example of a symbol (brand) of a 1PK type slab with a length of 6280 mm, a width of 1490 mm, designed for a design load of 6 kPa, made of lightweight concrete with prestressed reinforcement of class At-V:

1PK63.15-6AtVL

The same, made of heavy concrete and intended for use in buildings with a calculated seismicity of 7 points:

1PK63.15-6AtV-S7

Note. It is allowed to accept the designation of slab brands in accordance with the working drawings of the slabs until they are revised.

1.3 Characteristics

1.3.1. The slabs must meet the requirements established during the design for strength, rigidity, crack resistance, and when tested by loading in the cases provided for in the working drawings, withstand control loads.

1.3.2. The slabs must meet the requirements of GOST 13015.0:

according to the actual strength of concrete (at design age, transfer and tempering);

on the frost resistance of concrete, and for slabs operated under conditions of exposure to an aggressive gaseous environment - also on the water resistance of concrete;

according to the average density of lightweight concrete;

to steel grades for reinforcing and embedded products, including mounting loops;

by deviations in the thickness of the protective layer of concrete to the reinforcement;

for corrosion protection.

Slabs used as the load-bearing part of loggias must also meet the additional requirements of GOST 25697.

1.3.3. Slabs should be made of heavy concrete in accordance with GOST 26633, structural lightweight concrete of a dense structure with an average density of at least 1400 kg/cub.m in accordance with GOST 25820 or dense silicate concrete with an average density of at least 1800 kg/cub.m in accordance with GOST 25214 strength classes or grades for compression specified in the working drawings of these slabs.

1.3.4. Compression forces (releasing the tension of the reinforcement) are transferred to the concrete after it reaches the required transfer strength.

The normalized transfer strength of concrete of prestressed slabs, depending on the class or grade of concrete in terms of compressive strength, the type and class of prestressing reinforcing steel, must correspond to that indicated in the working drawings of these slabs.

1.3.5. The normalized tempering strength of concrete for prestressed slabs made of heavy or light concrete for the warm season should be equal to the normalized transfer strength of concrete, and for slabs with non-prestressed reinforcement - 70% of the compressive strength of concrete corresponding to its class or grade. When delivering these slabs in the cold season or to ensure their safety during transportation by rail in the warm season (by agreement between the manufacturer and consumer of the slabs), the normalized tempering strength of concrete can be increased to 85% of the compressive strength of concrete corresponding to its class or grade .

The normalized tempering strength of concrete for slabs made of dense silicate concrete should be equal to 100% of the compressive strength of concrete corresponding to its class or grade.

1.3.6. To reinforce slabs, the following types and classes of reinforcing steel should be used:

as prestressed reinforcement - thermomechanically strengthened rod of classes At-IV, At-V and At-VI according to GOST 10884 (regardless of weldability and increased resistance to corrosion cracking of the reinforcement), hot-rolled rod of classes A-IV, A-V and A-VI according to GOST 5781, reinforcing ropes of class K-7 according to GOST 13840, high-strength periodic wire of class VR-II according to GOST 7348, wire of class BP-600 according to TU 14-4-1322 and rod reinforcement class A-I IIv, made of reinforcing steel of class A-III according to GOST 5781, strengthened by drawing with control of the stress value and ultimate elongation;

as non-stressed reinforcement - hot-rolled rod of periodic profile of classes A-II, A-III and smooth class A-I according to GOST 5781, periodic wire of class BP-I according to GOST 6727 and class BP-600 according to TU 14-4-1322.

In slabs produced by methods of continuous formless molding on long stands, continuous reinforcement, as well as using multi-temperature electrothermal tension, high-strength wire reinforcement is used in accordance with GOST 7348 and ropes in accordance with GOST 13840.

1.3.7. The shape and dimensions of reinforcement and embedded products and their position in the slabs must correspond to those indicated in the working drawings of these slabs.

1.3.8. Welded reinforcement and embedded products must comply with the requirements of GOST 10922.

1.3.9. The stress values in the prestressing reinforcement, monitored after tensioning it on the stops, must correspond to those indicated in the working drawings of the slabs.

The values of actual stress deviations in prestressed reinforcement should not exceed the limits specified in the working drawings of the slabs.

1.3.10. The values of actual deviations of the geometric parameters of the slabs should not exceed the limits indicated in the table. 3.

Table 3


Name of deviation of geometric parameter	Name geometric parameter
Deviation from linear size	Slab length and width: up to 2500 incl. St. 2500 to 4000 incl. St. 4000 to 8000 incl. Slab thickness Position size: holes and cutouts embedded products: in the plane of the slab from the plane of the slab
Deviation from straightness of the profile of the upper surface of the slab, intended for direct gluing of linoleum, as well as the profile of the side faces of the slab at a length of 2000
Deviation from the flatness of the front lower (ceiling) surface of the slab when measured from a conventional plane passing through three corner points of the slab with a length of:

* The deviation from the size that determines the position of the embedded product from the upper plane of the slabs intended for direct gluing of linoleum should only be inside the slab.

1.3.11. Requirements for the quality of concrete surfaces and the appearance of slabs (including requirements for the permissible opening width of technological cracks) - in accordance with GOST 13015.0 and this standard.

1.3.12. The quality of concrete slab surfaces must meet the requirements established for the categories:

A3 - lower (ceiling);

A7 - top and side.

By agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer, the following categories of surfaces can be installed instead of the indicated ones:

A2 - lower (ceiling), prepared for painting;

A4 - the same, prepared for wallpapering or decorative finishing paste-like compositions, and the top, prepared for covering with linoleum;

A6 - lower (ceiling), for which there are no requirements for the quality of finishing.

1.3.13. In the concrete of slabs supplied to the consumer, cracks are not allowed, with the exception of shrinkage and other surface technological cracks with a width of no more than 0.3 mm on the top surface of the slabs and no more than 0.2 mm on the side and bottom surfaces of the slabs.

1.3.14. Exposure of reinforcement is not allowed, with the exception of reinforcement outlets or ends of prestressing reinforcement, which should not protrude beyond the end surfaces of the slabs by more than 10 mm and should be protected with a layer cement-sand mortar or bitumen varnish.

1.4. Marking

Marking of slabs is in accordance with GOST 13015.2. Markings and signs should be applied to side faces or the top surface of the slab.

On the upper surface of a slab supported on three sides, signs “Location of support” should be placed in accordance with GOST 13015.2, located in the middle at each side of the slab support.

2. ACCEPTANCE

2.1. Acceptance of slabs is in accordance with GOST 13015.1 and this standard. In this case, the slabs are accepted based on the results:

periodic testing - in terms of strength, rigidity and crack resistance of slabs, frost resistance of concrete, porosity (volume of intergranular voids) of a compacted mixture of lightweight concrete, as well as water resistance of concrete slabs intended for use in conditions of exposure to an aggressive environment;

acceptance tests - in terms of concrete strength (class or grade of concrete in terms of compressive strength, transfer and tempering strengths), average density of light or dense silicate concrete, compliance of reinforcement and embedded products with working drawings, strength of welded joints, accuracy of geometric parameters, thickness of the protective layer concrete to reinforcement, technological crack opening width and category concrete surface.

2.2. Periodic testing loading of slabs to control their strength, rigidity and crack resistance is carried out before the start of their mass production and in the future - when making design changes to them and when changing manufacturing technology, as well as in the process of serial production of slabs at least once a year. Load testing of slabs in the event of structural changes being made to them and when manufacturing technology is changed, depending on the essence of these changes, may not be carried out in agreement with the design organization that developed the working drawings of the slabs.

Testing of slabs with a length of 5980 mm or less during their serial production may not be carried out if non-destructive testing is carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13015.1.

2.3. Slabs in terms of the accuracy of geometric parameters, the thickness of the protective layer of concrete before the reinforcement, the width of the opening of technological cracks and the category of the concrete surface should be accepted based on the results of random inspection.

2.4. The porosity (volume of intergranular voids) of a compacted mixture of lightweight concrete should be determined at least once a month.

2.5. The document on the quality of slabs intended for use in conditions of exposure to aggressive environments must additionally indicate the grade of concrete for water resistance (if this indicator is specified in the order for the production of slabs).

3. CONTROL METHODS

3.1. Load tests of slabs to control their strength, rigidity and crack resistance should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of GOST 8829 and working drawings of these slabs.

3.2. The strength of concrete slabs should be determined according to GOST 10180 on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition and stored under the conditions established by GOST 18105.

When determining the strength of concrete using methods non-destructive testing the actual transfer and tempering compressive strength of concrete is determined by the ultrasonic method in accordance with GOST 17624 or mechanical devices in accordance with GOST 22690. It is allowed to use other non-destructive testing methods provided for by the standards for concrete testing methods.

3.3. The frost resistance of concrete slabs should be determined according to GOST 10060 or by the ultrasonic method according to GOST 26134 on a series of samples made from a concrete mixture of the working composition.

3.4. The water resistance of concrete slabs intended for operation in conditions of exposure to aggressive environments should be determined according to GOST 12730.0 and GOST 12730.5.

3.5. Average density light and dense silicate concrete should be determined according to GOST 12730.0 and GOST 12730.1 or by the radioisotope method according to GOST 17623.

3.6. The porosity indicators of a compacted mixture of lightweight concrete should be determined according to GOST 10181.0 and GOST 10181.3.

3.7. Inspection of welded reinforcement and embedded products - in accordance with GOST 10922 and GOST 23858.

3.8. The tension force of the reinforcement, controlled at the end of the tension, is measured according to GOST 22362.

3.9. The dimensions of the slabs, deviations from the straightness and flatness of the surfaces of the slabs, the opening width of technological cracks, the sizes of cavities, sagging and edges of concrete slabs should be determined by the methods established by GOST 26433.0 and GOST 26433.1.

3.10. The dimensions and position of reinforcement and embedded products, as well as the thickness of the protective layer of concrete up to the reinforcement should be determined according to GOST 17625 and GOST 22904. In the absence necessary devices It is allowed to cut down grooves and expose the slab reinforcement with subsequent sealing of the grooves. Furrows should be punched at a distance from the ends not exceeding 0.25 times the length of the slab.

4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

4.1. Transportation and storage of slabs - in accordance with GOST 13015.4 and this standard.

4.2. The slabs should be transported and stored in stacks laid horizontally.

On specialized vehicles Transportation of slabs in an inclined or vertical position is allowed.

4.3. The height of the stack of slabs should not be more than 2.5 m.

4.4. Pads for the bottom row of slabs and spacers between them in a stack should be located near the mounting loops.

ANNEX 1

LIST OF SIZES AND SERIES

WORKING DRAWINGS OF PLATES FOR MASSIVE APPLICATION

Table 4


	Designation of a series of working drawings of slabs


	1.241-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2s; 1.090.1-3pv;
	1.141-18s; 1.141.1-25s;

	1.241-1; 1.090.1-1


	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-30;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-18s; 1.141.1-25s;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33с; 1.090.1-2s; 1.090.1-3pv;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-18s; 1.141.1-25s;


	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33с;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141.1; 1.141.1-33с;
	1.141-1; 1.141.1-33s
	1.141-18s; 1.141.1-25s;





	1,141-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2s; 1.090.1-3pv;

	1.141.1-28с; 1.141.1-29с


	1.141-1; 1.090.1-1; 1.090.1-2s; 1.090.1-3pv;

	1.141.1-28с; 1.141.1-29с
	141; E-600; E-600IV; E600II TsNIIEP housing

	135 KB on reinforced concrete named after. A. A. Yakusheva


	86-3191/1 TsNIIEP of commercial and household buildings and tourist complexes


	86-3191/1 TsNIIEP of commercial and household buildings and tourist complexes

	86-3191/1 TsNIIEP of commercial and household buildings and tourist complexes










	28-87 TsNIIpromzdany

APPENDIX 2

AREA OF APPLICATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF PLATES

Table 5


Slab type	Reduced slab thickness, m	Average density of concrete slab, kg/cub.m	Slab length, m	Characteristics of buildings (structures)
			Up to 7.2 incl.	Residential buildings in which the required sound insulation of residential premises is ensured by the installation of hollow-core, floating, hollow-core layered floors, as well as single-layer floors on a leveling screed
			Up to 9.0 incl.
			Up to 7.2 incl.	Residential buildings in which the required sound insulation of residential premises is ensured by installing single-layer floors
			Up to 6.3 incl.	Residential large-panel buildings of the 135 series, in which the required sound insulation of the premises is ensured by installing single-layer floors
			Up to 9.0 incl.	Public and industrial buildings(structures)



			Up to 7.2 incl.	Low-rise and estate-type residential buildings

APPENDIX 3

Information

TERMS USED IN APPENDIX 2 AND THEIR EXPLANATIONS

Table 6


	Explanation
Single layer floor	A floor consisting of a covering (linoleum on a heat- and sound-insulating basis) laid directly on the floor slabs or on a leveling screed
Single-layer floor on a leveling screed	A floor consisting of a covering (linoleum on a heat- and sound-insulating basis) laid on a leveling screed
Hollow floor	A floor consisting of a hard covering along joists and soundproofing pads laid on floor slabs
Voidless layered floor	A floor consisting of a hard surface and a thin soundproofing layer, laid directly on the floor slabs or on a leveling screed
Floating floor	A floor consisting of a covering, a rigid base in the form of a monolithic or prefabricated screed and a continuous soundproofing layer of elastic-soft or bulk materials laid on floor slabs

The text of the document is verified according to:

official publication

Gosstroy USSR - M: Standards Publishing House, 1992

If you have at least once encountered the construction process or carried out apartment renovations, then you should know what hollow-core floor slabs are. Their importance is difficult to overestimate. Design features, its main characteristics and markings are taken into account during the work process. This knowledge allows you to determine what the limit of useful and decorative loads the slab can withstand.

Dimensions and weight

The size and type of the product affect its final price. The length of the described slabs can be equal to the limit from 1.18 to 9.7 m. As for the width, it is limited to a value from 0.99 to 3.5 m.

The most popular are those products whose length is 6 m, while their width usually reaches a maximum of 1.5 m. Minimum value equal to 1.2 m. By getting acquainted with the dimensions of hollow core slabs, you can understand that their thickness remains unchanged and is equal to 22 cm. Given the impressive weight of such structures, an assembly crane is usually used for their installation; its capacity should be 5 tons.

Types of loads on reinforced concrete structures

Any overlap in the structure has three parts, among them:

top;
lower;
structural.

The first is where the residential floor above is located. This includes flooring, insulation materials and screeds. The lower part is the surface of the non-residential premises. This includes hanging elements and ceiling finishes. As for the structural part, it combines the above and holds them in the air.

Hollow-core floor slabs serve as a structural part. A constant static load is exerted on it Decoration Materials, used in the design of ceilings and floors. This means elements suspended from the ceiling and installed on top of it, namely:

punching bags;
dropped ceilings;
chandeliers;
partitions;
baths.

In addition, you can also highlight dynamic load. It is caused by objects moving on the surface. In this case, one should take into account not only the mass of a person, but also domestic animals, which today are quite exotic (tigers, lynxes, etc.).

Distributed and point types of loads

The above types of loads can be applied to hollow core floor slabs. A point punch, for example, is an impressively sized punching bag suspended from the ceiling. Concerning suspension system, then it interacts with the suspensions at regular intervals with the frame and exerts a distributed load.

These two types of load can have a complex effect. In this case, the calculation will be more complicated. If you install a bathtub that holds 500 liters, then you should take into account two types of load. The filled container is distributed on the surface of the support between the points of contact. There is also a point load, which is exerted by each leg individually.

Calculation of permissible loads

The load on hollow core slabs can be calculated by you. These manipulations are carried out in order to find out how much the product can bear. Afterwards it is necessary to determine what the ceiling will bear. This should include partitions, materials based on insulation layers, parquet flooring and cement screeds.

The total weight of the load must be divided by the number of slabs. Roof supports and load-bearing supports should be located at the ends. The internal parts are reinforced in such a way that the load is applied to the ends. central part slabs are not able to take the weight of serious structures. This is true even if there are main walls or support columns below. Now you can calculate the load on the hollow core slab. To do this, you need to find out its weight. If we take a product marked PK-60-15-8, then we can say that its weight is 2850 kg. It is manufactured according to state standards 9561-91.

The first step is to determine the area of the bearing surface of the product; it is 9 m2. To do this, 6 must be multiplied by 1.5. Now you can find out how many kilograms of load this surface can bear. Why do you need to multiply the area by permissible load per one square meter. As a result, you will be able to get 7200 kg (9 m2 multiplied by 800 kg per m2). From here you should subtract the mass of the plate itself and then you will be able to get 4350 kg.

Then you need to calculate how many kilograms the floor insulation will add, floor coverings and screed. Usually in work they try to use such a volume of solution and thermal insulation so that the materials together do not weigh more than 150 kg/m2. With a surface area of 9 m2, the hollow core slab will carry 1350 kg. This value can be obtained by multiplying by 150 kg/m2. This number should be subtracted from the previously obtained figure (4350 kg). Which will ultimately allow you to get 3000 kg. Recalculating this value per square meter, you get 333 kg/m2.

According to sanitary standards and rules, a weight of 150 kg/m2 should be allocated to static and dynamic loads. The remaining 183 kg/m2 can be used for installation decorative elements and partitions. If the weight of the latter exceeds the calculated value, then it is recommended to choose a lighter floor covering.

State standards and technical requirements

For large-panel buildings for various purposes Hollow core slabs must be used. They are manufactured according to the above state standard and can be based on the following materials:

lightweight concrete;
silicate concrete;
heavy concrete.

The manufacturing technology, which involves the presence of voids, provides structures with excellent soundproofing properties and light weight. They are ready to serve long time and have good strength characteristics, which are due to the use steel ropes and fittings.

When installed, such products are located on load-bearing structures. Round voids can have a diameter of up to 159 mm. The dimensions of hollow core slabs are one of the factors by which products are classified. The length can reach 9.2 m. As for the width, the minimum is 1 m and the maximum is 1.8 m.

The class of concrete used corresponds to B22.5. Density is equal to the limit from 2000 to 2400 kg/m 3. State standards also specify the grade of concrete taking into account frost resistance, it looks like this: F200. Hollow slabs (GOST 9561-91) are made of concrete with a strength within 261.9 kg/cm 2.

Brands of hollow core slabs

Reinforced concrete products cast in a factory are subject to marking. It is encoded information. The slabs are designated by two capital letters PC. This abbreviation is next to the number that indicates the length of the product in decimeters. Next are the numbers indicating the width. The last indicator indicates how much weight in kilograms 1 dm2 can withstand, taking into account its own weight.

For example, a reinforced concrete hollow core slab PK 12-10-8 is a product with a length of 12 dm, which is 1.18 m. The width of such a slab is 0.99 m (approximately 10 dm). The maximum load per 1 dm2 is 8 kg, which is equal to 800 kg per square meter. In general, this value is the same for almost all hollow core slabs. As an exception, there are products that can withstand up to 1250 kg per square meter. You can recognize such slabs by their markings, at the end of which there are numbers 10 or 12.5.

Cost of slabs

Interfloor hollow core slabs are manufactured using conventional or prestressed reinforcement. In addition to load-bearing capacity, panels must also meet sound insulation requirements. For this purpose, the product is provided with holes, which may have a round or other cross-section. Such structures belong to the third category of crack resistance.

In addition to these characteristics, you may also be interested in the cost. You will have to pay 3,469 rubles for a hollow core slab weighing 0.49 tons. In this case we are talking about a product with the following dimensions: 1680x990x220 mm. If the weight of the slab increases to 0.65 tons, and the dimensions become 1680x1490x220 mm, then you will have to pay 4,351 rubles. The thickness of the hollow core slab remains unchanged, which cannot be said about the other parameters. For example, you can purchase a product with dimensions equal to 1880x990x220 mm for 3,473 rubles.

For reference

If the floor slab is manufactured at a factory, then state standards are used in the process. They guarantee high quality products and compliance with hardening time and temperature conditions. The solid type of slab is distinguished by its impressive weight and, accordingly, high cost. This explains the fact that such products are most often used in the construction of important buildings.

Finally

Floor slabs have found their popularity and are widely used in the construction of residential buildings and are lighter in weight compared to solid slabs, and they are cheaper. But in matters of reliability and strength they are not inferior. The location of voids and their number do not in any way affect the load-bearing properties of the slab. In addition, they allow you to achieve higher sound and thermal insulation properties buildings.

But no matter how light they are considered, their installation cannot be done without appropriate lifting equipment. This makes it possible to increase the accuracy of installation and complete construction in less time. short time. These products are also good because they are manufactured in a factory, which means they undergo quality control.

Looking at stacks of reinforced concrete slabs, the average citizen does not suspect how many important information they can inform the specialist - the builder. This is not surprising, because in Everyday life we rarely come across such designs.

If we are talking about a new building, then it will be useful for the customer of installation work to know what types and sizes of floor slabs exist, as well as what their maximum load-bearing capacity is according to GOST.

At first glance, the differences between hollow core slabs are only in their length, thickness and width. However, specifications These structures are much more extensive, so we will look at them in more detail.

State standard - a set of laws of strength

All basic requirements for hollow core slabs, including their purpose and strength characteristics, describes GOST 9561-91.

First of all, it indicates the gradation of the slabs depending on their thickness, the diameter of the holes and the number of sides with which they rest on the walls.

Except different thicknesses and geometric dimensions, hollow-core floor slabs are classified according to the method of reinforcement. GOST indicates that panels that rest on walls on 2 or 3 sides must be made using prestressed reinforcement.

The practical conclusion that follows from this for the developer is that you cannot punch holes for utility lines, violating the integrity of the working fittings. Otherwise the plate may lose bearing capacity(crack under load or collapse).

Clause 1.2.7 of GOST 9561-91 makes important exceptions, allowing for the manufacture of certain types of slabs not to install prestressed reinforcement in them.

They refer to the following panels:

Thickness 220 mm with length 4780 mm (voids with a diameter of 140 and 159 mm);
Thickness 260 mm, length less than 5680 mm;
220 mm thick, any length (voids with a diameter of 127 mm).

If such reinforced concrete floor slabs were brought to your site, and their passport indicates non-tensioned reinforcement, do not rush to send the car back to the factory. These structures comply with building codes.

Features of manufacturing technology

Floor slabs are made in different ways, which affects the quality of their front surface. PC and PG grade slabs are cast in formwork, and PB panels are made continuously on a conveyor line. The latest technology is more advanced than formwork manufacturing, so the surface of PB slabs is more even and smooth than that of panels of the PC and PG brands.

In addition, conveyor production makes it possible to produce PB slabs of any length (from 1.8 to 9 meters). This is very convenient for the customer when it comes to so-called “additional” slabs.

The fact is that when laying out slabs on a building plan, several areas are always formed where standard panels do not fit. Builders get out of the situation by filling in such “blank spots” monolithic concrete right on site. The quality is so homemade design noticeably inferior to that achieved in factory conditions (vibration compaction and steaming of concrete).

The advantage of PC and PG panels over PB panels is that you can punch holes in them for communications without fear of structural destruction. The reason is that their void diameter is at least 114 mm, which allows free passage sewer riser(diameter 80 or 100 mm).

PB slabs have narrower holes (60 mm). Therefore, to pass the riser, you have to cut the rib, weakening the structure. Experts say that such a procedure is unacceptable only for high-rise construction. When constructing low-rise housing, punching holes in PB slabs is allowed.

Advantages of hollow reinforced concrete slabs

There are a lot of them and they are all quite significant:

Reducing the weight of building structures;
The voids in the slabs dampen vibrations, so this type of flooring has good sound insulation;
Possibility of laying communications inside voids;
Fire resistance and moisture resistance;
High speed of installation work;
Durability of the structure.

Dimensions of hollow core slabs

Here everything is unified to the maximum so that it is possible to produce a structure of any installation size. The gradation of the width and length of the slabs occurs in increments from 100 to 500 mm.

Marking – passport of the floor slab

The developer does not need to know the intricacies of the technology used to produce a hollow-core floor slab. It is enough to learn how to correctly decipher the markings.

It is carried out in accordance with GOST 23009. The stove brand includes three alphanumeric groups separated by hyphens.

The first group contains data on the type of panel, its length and width in decimeters (rounded to the nearest whole number).

The second group indicates:

Load-bearing capacity of the slab or design load (kilopascals or kilogram-force per 1 m2);
For prestressed slabs, the class of reinforcing steel is indicated;
Type of concrete (L - light, S - silicate, heavy concrete is not indicated in the markings).

The third group of markings contains additional characteristics that reflect the special conditions of use of structures (resistance to aggressive gases, seismic influences, etc.). In addition, the design features of the slabs (the presence of additional embedded parts) are sometimes indicated here.

As an example to explain the principle of marking hollow-core panels, consider the following design:

Hollow-core panel type 1PK, length 6280 mm, width 1490 mm, designed for a load of 6 kPa (600 kg/m2) and made of lightweight concrete using prestressed reinforcement class At-V).

Its marking will look like this: 1PK63.15-6AtVL. Here we see only two groups of characters.

If the slab is made of heavy concrete and is intended for use in a seismic zone (seismicity up to 7 points), then a third group of symbols appears in its designation: 1PK 63.15-6AtV-C7.

The considered technical characteristics of floor slabs determine their scope of application.

All types of hollow-core panels are calculated based on the standard load on the floor - 150 kg/m2 (weight of people, equipment and furniture).

Load bearing capacity standard plate is in the range from 600 to 1000 kg/m2. Comparing the standard of 150 kg/m2 with the actual strength of the panels, it is easy to see that their safety margin is very high. Therefore, they can be installed in all types of residential, industrial and public buildings.

Slab type	Reduced slab thickness, meters	Average density of concrete slab, kg/m3	Slab length, meters	Building characteristics
1pcs,1pkt, 1pcs			up to 7.2 inclusive	Residential buildings (sound insulation of premises is ensured by installing floating, hollow-core, hollow-core or layered floors, as well as single-layer screed floors
1pc
2PK, 2PKT, 2PKK				Residential buildings in which sound insulation of residential premises is ensured by installing single-layer floors
3PK, 3PKT, 3PKK
4pcs				Public and industrial buildings
5pcs
6pcs
PG
7pcs				Residential buildings (low-rise and estate type)

This table contains the given thickness of the slab - a term that is not understood by beginners. This is not the geometric thickness of the panel, but a special parameter created to assess the efficiency of the slabs. It is obtained by dividing the volume of concrete placed in the slab by its surface area.

Approximate prices

Dozens of standard sizes of hollow core slabs are used in construction, so a separate article would have to be devoted to a detailed description of their prices. We will indicate the price parameters of the most popular panels (pickup):

PC 30.12-8 – from 4,800 rub./unit;
PC 30.15-8 – from RUB 5,500/unit;
PC 40.15-8 – from RUB 7,600/unit;
PC 48.12-8 – from 7,000 rub./unit;
PC 51.15-8 – from RUB 9,500/unit;
PC 54.15-8 – from RUB 9,900/unit;
PC 60.12-8 – from RUB 8,200/unit;
PC 60.15-8 – from 10,600 rub./unit;

Installation of hollow core slabs

The main condition quality installation panels, is strict adherence to the design parameters of support on the walls. Insufficient support area leads to destruction of the wall material, and excessive support leads to increased heat loss through cold concrete.

Installation of floor slabs must be carried out taking into account the minimum permissible depth of support:

on brick - 90 mm;
for foam concrete and aerated concrete blocks - 150 mm;
on steel structures— 70 mm;
for reinforced concrete - 75 mm;

The maximum depth of embedding slabs into walls should not be more than 160 mm (brick and light blocks) and 120 mm (concrete and reinforced concrete).

Before installation, each slab must be filled with voids (with lightweight concrete to a depth of at least 12 cm). Laying the panel “dry” is prohibited. To ensure uniform load transfer on the walls, before laying, spread a mortar “bed” no more than 2 cm thick.

In addition to observing the standard support depths, when installing floor slabs on fragile blocks of gas or foam concrete, a monolithic concrete reinforced belt should be laid under them. It eliminates the squeezing of blocks, but requires good external insulation to eliminate cold bridges.

During the installation process, the deviation of the difference in elevations of the front surfaces of adjacent panels should be constantly monitored. This needs to be done at the seams. Don’t listen to builders who install panels in “steps” and tell you that it is impossible to lay them straighter.

Building codes establish the following tolerances depending on the length of the slabs:

up to 4 meters – no more than 8 mm;
from 4 to 8 meters – no more than 10 mm;
from 8 to 16 m – no more than 12 mm.

Finished floor slabs belong to the category of precast reinforced concrete products. Widely used in construction multi-storey buildings, road construction. IN different types works, structures of certain dimensions and shapes are used. To facilitate the design and construction processes, the dimensions were brought to a single standard.

Characteristics

Reinforced concrete floor slabs are made from so-called structural (using coarse filler) heavy and light concrete mixtures. The main function is carrier.

Their popularity among builders is due to ease of installation, speed of installation and reasonable price. However, they are heavy, so the support must be much stronger than reinforced concrete. Besides concrete structure is not water resistant, therefore it cannot be stored for a long time under open air without waterproofing protection.

Available in 3 types:

1. Solid. Are different high level compressive strength, large mass and low sound and heat insulation properties.

2. Tents in the form of a tray with smoothed ribs. When using them, crossbars and similar beam elements are excluded from the project. They make it possible to simplify sound insulation and finishing of indoor surfaces, and raise the ceiling level without building up walls. The dimensions of the reinforced concrete tent-type floor slab are dictated by the length and width of the room, the standard height is 14-16 cm.

3. Void. This is the most popular type of concrete products. They are a parallelepiped with longitudinal voids of a tubular nature. Thanks to their design, they are considered more resistant to bending, can withstand significant loads - up to 1250 kg/m2, the dimensions are convenient for covering spans up to 12 m long, and the shape is suitable for laying communications.

Hollow-core floor slabs are marked:

1P – single-layer reinforced concrete product – no more than 12 cm.
2P - similar to the previous one, but the thickness is already 16.
1PK – multi-hollow reinforced concrete products with internal cavities with a diameter of up to 16 cm. Height – up to 22 cm.
2PK – the same with void cross-section up to 14.
PB is a hollow structure with a thickness of 22.

Standard dimensions hollow-core floor panels according to GOST 26434-85 are given in the table below.

Weight finished product reaches 2500 kg.

The marking of the floor slab contains complete information: type, dimensions, compressive strength. For example, PC 51.15-8 is:

PC is a multi-hollow panel with tubular longitudinal cavities with a diameter of 15.9 cm, height - 22 cm.
51 – length in dm, that is 5.1 m.
15 – width in dm – 1.5 m.
8 is the load it will withstand. In this case – 800 kgf/m2.

In addition to standard ones, solid floor slabs made of cellular concrete (aerated concrete and others) are produced. They are quite lightweight, can withstand light loads - up to 600 kg, and are used in low-rise construction. For creating strong connection Manufacturers produce tongue and groove products (tenon and groove).

Installation of prefabricated slabs

Before laying, all bases are leveled and, if necessary, reinforced with a ring reinforced belt made of monolithic reinforced concrete with a width of at least 25 cm, a thickness of 12 cm. The differences between opposite main walls should not be more than 1 cm.

Prefabricated concrete products are stacked closely using lifting equipment, the gaps are filled with mortar. To connect into a rigid monolith, the anchoring method is used.

When installing, the slabs must rest on the main wall or foundation with a section of the panel at least 15-20 cm wide. The gaps between the reinforced concrete and interior partition laid with bricks or lightweight concrete blocks.

Cost of concrete products

Due to the fact that the composition of the ceiling and dimensions are standardized, the policy of enterprises is aimed at maintaining a stable price. average cost hollow core panels is shown in the table below.

Name	Parameters, cm	Price, rubles
PC 21.10-8	210x100x22	2 800
PC 21.12-8	210x120x22	3 100
PC 25.10-8	250x100x22	3 300
PC 25.12-8	250x100x22	3 700
PC 30.10-8	300x100x22	3 600
PC 30.12-8	300x120x22	4 000

Prefabricated floor slabs assortment. Floor slabs: types and markings according to GOST, characteristics, sizes and prices

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS

FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Preface

1 area of use

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Types, main parameters and dimensions

5 Technical requirements

INFORMATION DATA

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2. ACCEPTANCE

3. CONTROL METHODS

4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

ANNEX 1

APPENDIX 2

APPENDIX 3

Dimensions and weight

Types of loads on reinforced concrete structures

Distributed and point types of loads

Calculation of permissible loads

State standards and technical requirements

Brands of hollow core slabs

Cost of slabs

For reference

Finally

State standard - a set of laws of strength

Features of manufacturing technology

Advantages of hollow reinforced concrete slabs

Dimensions of hollow core slabs

Marking – passport of the floor slab

Approximate prices

Installation of hollow core slabs

Latest

You need to know this

Prefabricated floor slabs assortment. Floor slabs: types and markings according to GOST, characteristics, sizes and prices

INTERSTATE

STANDARD

REINFORCED CONCRETE FLOORS

FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Preface

1 area of ​​use

2 Normative references

3 Terms and definitions

4 Types, main parameters and dimensions

5 Technical requirements

INFORMATION DATA

1. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2. ACCEPTANCE

3. CONTROL METHODS

4 TRANSPORTATION AND STORAGE

ANNEX 1

APPENDIX 2

APPENDIX 3

Dimensions and weight

Types of loads on reinforced concrete structures

Distributed and point types of loads

Calculation of permissible loads

State standards and technical requirements

Brands of hollow core slabs

Cost of slabs

For reference

Finally

State standard - a set of laws of strength

Features of manufacturing technology

Advantages of hollow reinforced concrete slabs

Dimensions of hollow core slabs

Marking – passport of the floor slab

Approximate prices

Installation of hollow core slabs

Latest

You need to know this

1 area of use