Plants for the Japanese garden. Japanese flowers in the landscape of a summer cottage: tips for choosing Which trees are suitable for a Japanese garden

Traditional Japanese handicraft techniques are becoming increasingly popular these days. Today we want to introduce you to another one, it’s called “komono”.

The komono technique originated as a way to recycle fabric from old kimonos. The fabric is cut into small pieces and then various small things are made from them, for example, textile brooches.

For products using the komono technique, of course, it is not necessary to look for an old kimono; any other fabric, for example, a handkerchief, will do. We recommend that you watch Natalia Fokhtina’s video master class, which shows and talks in detail about how to make two textile flower brooches using this technique: an aster and a hydrangea.

Hydrangea

To create a Japanese style brooch you will need:

Any soft, loose fabric (chintz, silk);
- green fabric for leaves;
- beads (about 19 pieces);
- padding polyester for stuffing;
- threads, cardboard, scissors;
- brooch clasp.

Japanese Komono style brooch step by step:

Cut a circle out of cardboard with a diameter of about 4 cm. You can use the bottom of a coffee mug (photo 1).

Take a piece of suitable fabric measuring 30*30 cm. Trace a circle on the wrong side of the fabric 19 times at a distance of 5 mm from each other. Trace the first circle in the center of the fabric, then make a second row of circles, then a third row. Be sure to number the mugs so as not to get confused later (photo 2-3).


Start sewing circles. Sew circle No. 1 on the wrong side with a small “basting” stitch, then pull the thread and fasten. Don't cut the thread! A kind of “bubble” forms on the front surface of the fabric (photo 4).

Then insert the needle from the wrong side to the front side and intercept the “bubble” with one stitch and pull it tightly. Insert the needle again to the front side from the wrong side and intercept the “bubble” with the second stitch, crossing it with the first. Pull the thread, fasten from the wrong side, insert the needle into the center of the resulting flower and sew on the bead. Don't cut the thread! (photo 5)


By analogy, design another 18 circles. Ideally, the entire flower (all 19 circles) will be sewn with one thread. But a thread that is too long constantly gets tangled. You can thread a short thread into the needle, and every time you start sewing with a new thread, stick the needle in the place where the previous thread was inserted. This way, you will not lose the connection between all 19 fragments and they will not fall apart (photo 6).

After decorating all 19 circles into flowers, trim off the excess fabric, leaving about 2.5 cm allowance around the inflorescence (photo 7).

At a distance of 5 mm from the edge, gather the fabric, pull the thread, leaving a hole (photo 8).

Lightly stuff the flower with padding polyester through this hole. Then pull the hole and secure it (photo 9).


Take green fabric, cut out two squares: 8*8 cm, 12*12 cm. Fold each square diagonally, then in half again. Gather the open sections of the triangle, taken together, onto a thread and pull them together. Cut a circle of green fabric with a diameter of 5 cm (photo 10).

Attach the leaves to back side hydrangeas. Sew a circle on top with a hidden seam, tuck the edges inward. Sew on a brooch pin (photo 11).


The brooch in the Japanese Komono style is ready! It can be used to decorate dresses, jackets, bags. In addition, this flower can be used as a hairpin.

Rhubarb can not be found on everyone garden plot. It's a pity. This plant is a storehouse of vitamins and can be widely used in cooking. What is not prepared from rhubarb: soups and cabbage soup, salads, delicious jam, kvass, compotes and juices, candied fruits and marmalade, and even wine. But that's not all! A large green or red rosette of plant leaves, reminiscent of burdock, protrudes beautiful background for annuals. It is not surprising that rhubarb can also be seen in flower beds.

3 delicious sandwiches - a cucumber sandwich, a chicken sandwich, a cabbage and meat sandwich - a great idea for a quick snack or for an outdoor picnic. Just fresh vegetables, juicy chicken and cream cheese and a little seasoning. There are no onions in these sandwiches; if you wish, you can add onions marinated in balsamic vinegar to any of the sandwiches; this will not spoil the taste. Having quickly prepared snacks, all that remains is to pack a picnic basket and head to the nearest green lawn.

Depending on the varietal group, the age of seedlings suitable for planting in open ground is: for early tomatoes - 45-50 days, average ripening periods - 55-60 and late dates- at least 70 days. When planting tomato seedlings at a younger age, the period of its adaptation to new conditions is significantly extended. But success in obtaining a high-quality tomato harvest also depends on carefully following the basic rules for planting seedlings in open ground.

Unpretentious “background” plants of sansevieria do not seem boring to those who value minimalism. They are better suited than other indoor decorative foliage stars for collections that require minimal care. Stable decorativeness and extreme hardiness in only one species of sansevieria are also combined with compactness and very rapid growth - rosette sansevieria Hana. The squat rosettes of their tough leaves create striking clusters and patterns.

One of the brightest months garden calendar I am pleasantly surprised by the balanced distribution of favorable and unfavorable days for working with plants according to the lunar calendar. Vegetable gardening in June can be done throughout the month, while unfavorable periods very short and still allow you to do useful work. There will be optimal days for sowing and planting, for pruning, for a pond, and even for construction work.

Meat with mushrooms in a frying pan is an inexpensive hot dish that is suitable for a regular lunch and for holiday menu. Pork will cook quickly, veal and chicken too, so this is the preferred meat for the recipe. Mushrooms - fresh champignons, in my opinion, are the best choice for homemade stew. Forest gold - boletus mushrooms, boletus and other delicacies is best prepared for the winter. Boiled rice or mashed potatoes are ideal as a side dish.

I love ornamental shrubs, especially unpretentious ones and with interesting, non-trivial foliage colors. I have various Japanese spirea, Thunberg barberries, black elderberry... And there is one special shrub, which I will talk about in this article - viburnum leaf. To fulfill my dream of a low-maintenance garden, it is perhaps ideal. At the same time, it is capable of greatly diversifying the picture in the garden, from spring to autumn.

It is no coincidence that June remains one of the favorite months of gardeners. The first harvest, new crops in the vacant spaces, rapid growth of plants - all this cannot but rejoice. But the main enemies of gardeners and garden bed dwellers – pests and weeds – also use every opportunity this month to spread. Work on crops this month is waning, and planting seedlings is reaching its peak. The lunar calendar in June is balanced for vegetables.

Many dacha owners, when developing their territory, think about creating a lawn. The imagination, as a rule, draws magical pictures - a smooth carpet of green grass, a hammock, a sun lounger, a barbecue and beautiful trees and shrubs around the perimeter... But when faced with laying out a lawn in practice, many are surprised to learn that creating a beautiful, smooth lawn is not so easy . And, it would seem, everything was done correctly, but here and there strange bumps appear or weeds sprout.

June chart gardening work capable of surprising anyone with its richness. In June, even lawns and ponds require attention. Alone ornamental plants have already finished flowering and need pruning, others are just getting ready for the upcoming show. And sacrifice decorative garden in order to take better care of the ripening harvest is not the best idea. IN lunar calendar There will be time in June to plant new perennials and potted arrangements.

Cold pork leg terrine is a meat snack from the category of budget recipes, because pork legs are one of the cheapest parts of the carcass. Despite the modest ingredients, appearance The dishes and their taste are top notch! Translated from French, this “game dish” is a cross between pate and casserole. Since in times of technical progress there have been fewer game hunters, terrine is often prepared from livestock meat, fish, vegetables, and cold terrines are also made.

In cute pots or fashionable florariums, on walls, tables and window sills - succulents can withstand weeks without watering. They do not change their character and do not accept conditions that are comfortable for most capricious indoor plants. And their diversity will allow everyone to find their favorite. Sometimes looking like stones, sometimes like fancy flowers, sometimes like extravagant sticks or lace, fashionable succulents have long been not limited only to cacti and fat plants.

Trifle with strawberries is a light dessert common in England, the USA and Scotland. I think this dish is prepared everywhere, just called differently. Trifle consists of 3-4 layers: fresh fruit or fruit jelly, biscuit cookies or sponge cake, whipped cream. Usually, custard is prepared as a layer, but for a light dessert they prefer to do without it; whipped cream is enough. This dessert is prepared in a deep transparent salad bowl so that the layers are visible.

Weeds are bad. They prevent you from growing cultivated plants. Some wild herbs and shrubs are poisonous or can cause allergies. At the same time, many weeds can bring great benefits. They are used as medicinal herbs, and as an excellent mulch or component of green fertilizer, and as a deterrent. harmful insects and rodents. But in order to properly fight or use this or that plant for good, it needs to be identified.

Japanese gardens look attractive throughout the year - unlike English mixborders, which bloom brightly in the summer months, but disappear from the garden in late autumn.

Japanese gardens use many evergreens; Such gardens are created in order to calm and pacify, and not to disturb our perception. They are good at small spaces and can be very easy to care for. At the core Japanese gardening philosophy lies recreation of natural Japanese landscape in miniature (usually in the form of a mountain landscape with waterfalls and streams). “A look at nature from the outside” is precisely what makes this style of garden art the way it appears to us today. Usually when talking about a Japanese garden, we immediately imagine stones and water. People seem to really enjoy using these elements in garden design.

There is a great variety plants, inherent not only in the nature of Asia, but also in the temperate climate zone, which can be used in Japanese gardens. You can try to create such a garden on your site, guided by the basic internal principles that everyone who wants to feel the spirit of a Japanese garden should understand.

For example, you will never find in wildlife square pond, so don't create one in your garden. You can create a waterfall, but not a fountain. To others an important condition are the balance, or " sumi" We always want to have more small space. But if the rock looks harmonious on the shore of the endless sea, imagine how it will look on 6 acres of land? So choose your design elements with extreme care.

A stone can represent a whole mountain, a pond can represent a mountain lake. A tiny space covered with sand will become a boundless ocean. Without any doubt, the phrase " Less is more“was first heard from the lips of a master of garden art. Give up variety. The repetition of individual elements in different parts of the garden creates a sense of cohesion, which is especially important for small spaces.

Work with a limited color palette

Let shades of green dominate throughout the year. This style places more emphasis on form than on abundance and luxury. Flashes of bright flowers and berries in the garden can only be used to emphasize the passage of time and the changing seasons.

Use contrast

This is again a play of shapes and textures: wide carved maple leaves are adjacent to sharp pine needles.

Design your garden so that it looks attractive in all seasons. Evergreen bushes form the basis of Japanese gardens; many of them also give us unparalleled seasonal blooms. Some types of perennial flowers such as irises or hellebore, are attractive throughout the season with their foliage shape. If you decide to use herbaceous plants such as to the host or fern, place them in the crevices of stones to hide the empty, untidy spaces left by dying foliage in autumn.

Learn basic growing techniques bonsai. They can be used when growing pine or other trees not only to limit their size for small garden, but also to achieve the aged, curved forms characteristic of this style.

Time and space

The first thing that strikes a European when looking at a Japanese garden is a certain “emptiness”. This causes a feeling of concern among gardeners who are accustomed to filling all the free space in the garden to give it pomp and pomp, but this “ emptiness"is a key element of Japanese garden art.

Empty space, or " ma”, defines and emphasizes the elements around it, and, conversely, the objects surrounding it define the space itself. These are precisely those polar forces that transform into each other, which are known to us as two principles, defined by the Chinese words “ yin" And " yang" Without nothing it is impossible to get something. It's hard to understand, but main principle philosophy of the Japanese garden.

Another key point that requires serious thought and understanding are the concepts of “ wabi" And " sabi" Like many words in Japanese, these words do not have an exact translation into Russian. "Wabi" can be defined as something " one of a kind", or the spirit of something. "Sabi" defines time or the ideal image of something; the closest in Russian it sounds like “ plaque of time" A concrete lantern may be a one-of-a-kind piece, but it doesn't fit the ideal image of this Japanese garden element. The stone may be old and covered in moss, but if it is just a round cobblestone, it has no "wabi". You should try to feel this balance.

All these concepts - "ma", "wabi" and "sabi" - are interconnected with time and space. While the space of the garden belongs to us, time appears to us as the changing seasons. Unlike Western landscape designers (who leave the garden in the fall in order to return to it in the spring), Japanese masters are devoted to their garden and admire it in all seasons.

In the spring, they enjoy the vibrant green of buds opening and rhododendrons blooming. In summer, they are attracted by the contrast of colorful foliage patterns and cold shadows on the ground. Autumn is stunning bright colors falling leaves, which are replaced by winter silence and the sedateness of a snow-shrouded garden. For the Japanese, winter is a “garden” period just like spring. The Japanese talk about the caps of snow on the branches as if they were trees in spring bloom.

So even this “dead” period for European gardeners in the garden for the Japanese is full of life. Perhaps it is the Eastern understanding of death as an inevitable stage of life (or the Western fear of death?) that divides Western and Eastern philosophy.

The intimacy of Japanese gardens

Another feature common to all Japanese gardens is their intimacy, closeness from the outside world. As we have already said, the garden is a model of the world in miniature. In order for the garden to become a truly secluded place, we must protect it from the outside world. And since it is separated from the outside world, we must create a method (including in our thoughts) to enter and leave our microworld. It is impossible to imagine a Japanese garden without hedges And wicket the same as without maples and lanterns.

Like most elements associated with the Japanese garden, hedges and gates have deep symbolism. We try to look at the garden as a separate world in which there is no place for sorrows and worries. Fences separate us from the outside world, and gates become the boundary behind which we leave our daily problems, and when we leave, we prepare ourselves to face the outside world.

Fences– it is also a tool for strengthening another principle “ miegakure", or "hide and play". Existing types of fences serve as little more than visual screens, often covered with vines through which only partial views of the garden can be seen. Sometimes designers cut out a small window in a solid wall of a fence to give passersby a glimpse of the attractive beauty of the garden located on the other side of the fence. You can be sure that you will only see a narrow strip of what is behind the fence.

And even if you go through the gates of the house, then most likely not the whole garden will open before you, but only one more arch gate, sometimes attached directly to the house, which hide the garden. To see the entire garden, you need to enter this arch and only then will you be left alone with the garden. The final step in truly experiencing the garden is when a person “dissolves” in it, when time and the person themselves no longer matter.

Components of a Japanese Garden

Stones in a Japanese garden

The Japanese believed that those places where there are many stones are chosen by the gods (kami) for their stay. The stones of these places were objects of special worship, since, according to the Japanese, they were sacred, and, therefore, the most pure and reliable precisely because of the presence of deities there.

This attitude towards stones led to the fact that the aesthetic basis of Japanese gardens, which appeared many years later as an art form, began to be formed to a greater extent by stones.

Stones form the “skeleton” of a Japanese garden. If you place the stones correctly in your garden, everything else will fall into place on its own. Below we will give you a description of several types of main stones in a Japanese garden, as well as the basic principles of their placement.

The main stones in a Japanese garden are high vertical stone, low vertical, curved, inclined and horizontal stones. Usually these stones are placed in triads, but this is not a requirement. Two similar stones (for example, two vertical ones), one of which is slightly smaller than the other, can be placed next to each other, like a man and a woman, but usually three, five or seven stones are used in the composition.

Should be avoided use the following three types of stones: “sick” stones (deformed top), “dead” stones (stones that are vertically oriented in nature, laid horizontally, and vice versa, like the body of a deceased person), and stones that are discordant with all the other stones in the garden. In the composition, use only one stone from each group of main stones (the composition can be supplemented with small stones that do not carry much meaning). Stones can be used to make a sculpture, or they can be used as a path or bridge.

The use of stones in the Japanese garden is very extensive.:

building interesting compositions from them;

design of reservoirs; creation of paths, bridges and footbridges, retaining walls;

creating symbolic water landscapes from gravel;

the use of stone lanterns and pagodas.

In order for the composition of stones to be balanced, in Japan they use the technique of constructing it in the shape of a commensurate triangle. Moreover, this applies not only to stone compositions.

In each garden composition (be it shrubs, trees, or a composition with architectural forms), balance is achieved, among other things, by fitting the garden elements into a co-scale triangle, where there will necessarily be a main element and one or more subordinates.

This canonical technique brings beauty and harmony at the same time.
But in each specific case, of course, there may be deviations from canonical norms.

Compliance with other fundamental techniques and principles of creating Japanese-style gardens will make these deviations invisible.

Some basic rules for working with stones:

If you are creating compositions from groups of stones, then they are composed mainly of an odd number of stones (three, five, seven).

When installing a stone in a permanent place, it must be deepened so that it grows into the ground and connects with it, but does not lie on the surface.

The depth to which a stone is dug into the ground depends on the nature of the relief: on a flat place you need to dig the stone much less than on a slope.

When installing stones, the main principle is achieving balance– arranging them in the shape of a proportionate triangle, where the main stone (“shuseki”) must be correctly correlated with the first minor (“fukuseki”) and the second minor (“kyakuseki”). In other words, there should not be any stones of the same size in a group. Otherwise, the composition of stones will be uninteresting and boring.

For Yin-Yang energy balance There should be more horizontally located stones than vertical ones. Because there are quite a lot of surrounding vertical lines in each garden (verticals of fences, trees, buildings). Their preponderance will disrupt harmony, causing a feeling of anxiety. But in each specific case there may be exceptions. The main thing is to correlate the verticals and horizontals of the garden in a reasonable balance.

You can use a stone to change the outline of a body of water if for some reason it no longer suits you. To do this, you can beautifully “implant” the stone the right size V coastline. The new shore line will depend on the size and shape of the stone.

When creating stone paths, keep in mind that they have several functions in the garden at the same time.

Paths made of stone

The paths in the Japanese garden symbolize the roads of life, the journey through life. They connect various Pictures of the Garden and its points into a single whole. The paths indicate the path along which we can go to each Garden Picture. But at the same time, often main function paths are the basis of the path. And the base should be durable, comfortable, beautiful.

Therefore, the arrangement of paths must be approached seriously, starting from a carefully thought-out sketch of the path lines to the placement of stones in the path. After all, by changing only the rotation of the stone, we can change the feeling of energy moving along the path.

Paths in a Japanese-style garden should not be straight or have a clear geometric shape..

Smooth, softly winding lines of the path will lead us to one or another viewing point of the garden.

The paths should not “scream” about their beauty or the originality of the material from which they are made, but should become an integral, harmonious part of the overall composition.

The ease of movement along it will depend on how correctly you arrange the path in the garden.

Bridges can also be made from stone in the garden, which, like paths, play several roles at the same time. Bridges are a continuation of the path, connect two banks, and can be the basis of some kind of garden composition.

Bridge in the Japanese garden- This is a symbolic element. Depending on the overall concept of the garden, it can signify a transition from one period of life to another, from one environment to another, from the present to the unknown.

In Japan, bridges made from solid natural blocks are highly valued. A Japanese-style garden will add a special charm curved bridges, with beautiful natural vertical stones on different banks at the beginning of the bridge.

But again, there must be moderation in everything - imagine a large bridge on the square of a small garden...

But a small original bridge made of natural stones can be fit into almost any area of ​​the garden, decorating it with appropriate plants, stone, gravel, and a lantern.

In Japanese gardens, the use of stone is widespread and in the form lanterns, pagodas.

A very important point in creating a Japanese-style garden is the correct arrangement of stones and plants. We must connect them in such a way that no one doubts that this stone has been lying here throughout its entire stone life, symbolizing the constancy of the Universe.

But plants change periodically, as they symbolize natural impermanence, the variability of life.

This combination will work out perfectly if you “spy” similar examples from living nature: in the forest, on the shore of a lake, in the mountains.

In Japan, stones are valued not only for their natural beauty, but also for their pure sound.

A properly created Japanese garden evokes a feeling of antiquity and eternity. Nothing can “age” a stone like something grown on it. moss. In humid climates, moss will settle on the stones on its own over time. But if you are impatient, you can speed up this process by carefully transferring the moss from the forest. It is necessary to constantly moisten the newly transplanted moss until it completely takes root on your stones.

Water in a Japanese garden

Japan is an island nation, so it is not at all surprising that water is an essential element of any garden. Water in Japanese gardens is used only in the form of natural reservoirs. It may pond, running stream or waterfall, but not a fountain. Water will add a new dimension to your garden, gently absorbing unwanted sounds and attracting wildlife.

If the creation of reservoirs is impractical for some reason, a dry stream can symbolize water. Dry streams created from gravel and smooth stones. From a design point of view, such a stream carries the same meaning as water - not only to create a contrast next to the plants growing along the banks, but to subordinate the landscape to a single leitmotif, allowing the use of plants that natural conditions grow near water. A skillfully created, dry stream can create the feeling that the water in it has just dried up, and an occasional rain will bring it back to life.

A sea created from gravel will give you more worries than a dry stream. The pattern made on gravel seems to imitate small whirlpools and turbulences of water around the stones.

The use of water has a very deep meaning in Japanese gardens. The sight and sound of its continuous flow reminds us of the transience of time. Often bodies of water intersect bridges. Like paths, bridges mark a journey. IN Japanese the word for “bridge” also means “edge.” Bridges symbolize the transition from one world to another - an integral theme in all Japanese art.

Plants of the Japanese garden

Although plants play a secondary role after stones in a Japanese garden, they are still an integral part of it. If stones symbolize immutability and constancy, then trees, shrubs and flowers help you see seasonal changes.

In the classic Japanese garden, as we have already noted, the main importance is given to recreating natural landscape, usually using water and stone. Plants are assigned the role of an elegant “wrapper” that decorates the topography of the garden. That is why plants should be selected very carefully and economically and in no case should you strive to create a collection garden densely filled with exotic plants. Japanese species. There may be very few plants used - in Japan you can find gardens of only rhododendrons!

There is no need to plant only the species beloved by the Japanese. Very often they turn out to be sensitive to our frosts. Usually it is easy for them to find a replacement from plants that are more adapted to our conditions. For example, the main coniferous species in the Japanese garden are thunberg pine(Pinus thunbergii) and dense-flowered pine(Pinus densiflora). It is better to replace them with species more familiar to our region, especially since dense-flowered pine is a close relative of our good friend - Scots pine (P. silvestris). The main thing is to find a good balance of several ornamental trees and shrubs interspersed with beautiful flowering perennials, cereals, bamboos and ferns.

Trees valued by the Japanese weeping forms, having spherical contours, and among ornamental and flowering shrubs, preference is given to plants that are easy to trim, in order, again, to give them the appearance of hemispheres. As accents that break the monotony of spherical shapes, the composition includes tall grasses, ferns and bamboo.

Plants that can be used to create a Japanese garden in conditions temperate climate, a large variety, here are some believed to be the most popular of them:

Ornamental trees:

Common cherry

Many people definitely want to have sakura in the garden in order to perform the spring ritual of admiring Japanese cherries. Of course, sakura grow not only in the subtropics, but in our area it can still be uncomfortable. So, it is better for residents of our region to remember their native cherries. Particularly close to southern cherry trees Common cherry f. Raksa.

Palm maple

Almost all types of maple are of interest as very ornamental plants. Beautiful patterns of leaves of different shapes, bright autumn colors, original inflorescences and fruits, pattern of bark and color of shoots have long attracted people’s attention to them. Almost all species are good honey plants. They began to be used for landscaping purposes from the first steps of the development of gardening. They are used in single and group plantings; low forms are planted in tubs. Pairs well with dark conifers.

Scots pine

The priority in the Japanese garden, without a doubt, belongs to the pine tree. She is a symbol of durability, courage, willpower. The choice of pine trees for planting in a Japanese garden depends on its size. Garden areas in Japan are very small, so it has long been customary to shape trees, weakening their growth and giving the crown an expressive shape. In modern Japanese gardens, mountain pine is sometimes used without shaping, preserving its natural lodging appearance. Pines form the structural basis of the garden and serve as its skeletal plants.

Decorative moldable shrubs

Barberry Thunberg

The most beautiful of the deciduous barberries, with yellowish, bright red or purple-red, later purple-brown shoots. Barberries are used in solitary and group plantings, in rock gardens, and as a ground cover plant. The variety of varieties simply gives the gardener unlimited scope for imagination.

Hawthorn

Hawthorn is indispensable in ornamental gardening. In the spring it is beautiful during flowering with its corymbose inflorescences consisting of numerous flowers, in the summer when the fruits ripen, having a variety of colors - orange, yellow, red, burgundy, black, and in the fall, when its foliage turns yellow, bright red, orange or remains green color. Hawthorn is usually planted separately standing trees or in groups. Many species are spectacular in standard form.

cotoneaster

The main attractiveness of cotoneasters is the combination of strong branching, original foliage and varied growth forms. Small flowers white or pink are not very decorative, but the dense crown of dark green shiny leaves that turn red in the fall is valued. These shrubs are easy to form and retain their shape for a long time. In addition, at the end of summer, their decorative effect is enhanced by the abundance of bright red or black fruits that hang on the branches for a long time.

Beautiful flowering perennials

Tree peony

An outstandingly beautiful shrub, reaching a height of 1.5-2 m, with large bright green leaves. One bush can have from 30 to 70 flowers. The diameter of each is from 20 to 25 cm. The color of the petals is white, pink, crimson, lilac with a dark crimson spot at the base. Large numerous stamens with bright yellow anthers are clearly visible. There are forms with double and semi-double flowers. The plant is decorative even after flowering due to unusual shape leaves and fruits.

Rhododendron

Rhododendron is an ornamental woody plant, a bright and early flowering shrub that can compete with roses in its grace, richness of flower colors and splendor of flowering. Rhododendrons look very impressive during flowering. One lush inflorescence can contain up to 15-25 flowers. During flowering, the plant branch looks like a bouquet. The beauty of the flowers is highlighted by glossy leathery leaves.

Chrysanthemum

In the culture of decorative garden chrysanthemums- thousand-year history. In Japan they are considered the national flower. The chrysanthemum is traditionally depicted on coins and the state emblem of Japan, and one of the country's highest honors is the Order of the Chrysanthemum. The Chrysanthemum Festival in the Land of the Sun is a special ritual: while performing it, one must admire every shade of the inflorescences, while one must think deeply about the path traveled and the meaning of life.

Cereals, bamboos, ferns

Adiantum stopiform

One of the most beautiful ferns that grow well in the conditions of Central Russia. This is an unusually elegant openwork plant made of deciduous forests North America and East Asia, up to 60 cm tall with flat, fan-shaped leaves on thin, shiny, black petioles. It is not inferior in beauty to tropical representatives of the genus. Looks good both individually and in group plantings. Adiantum is so beautiful that it needs to be planted in plain sight.

Miscanthus

One of the most popular ornamental grasses in gardening. No species can compete with it in the beauty of plants, the variety of varieties and forms and methods of application in garden design. Almost all miscanthus have a long period of decorativeness - from spring to late winter. In autumn, their foliage turns various shades of yellow, brown, and burgundy. The unusually beautiful miscanthus inflorescences are used to create dry floral arrangements.

Saza

One of the most cold-resistant bamboos, the only genus of bamboo growing wild in Russia. Naturally, it is preferable to plant bamboos in gardens created in oriental style, against the backdrop of decorative pools and streams. Tall bamboos can be used as a characteristic feature of Japanese gardens. Rot-resistant, durable and beautiful bamboo sticks are a wonderful ornamental material for decorating a Japanese garden. An essential plant for compositions that imitate Japanese gardens in Russian conditions.

Main garden

The main garden is a garden for a pleasant pastime for all family members. It is advisable to place it closer to living rooms, but it can also be arranged in connection with tea room, living room or to form the main part large garden as a recreation area. This is a garden that is the center of home life, therefore it requires the widest space and good sunlight. A terrace or veranda often opens onto the main garden, but it must be borne in mind that if the main garden itself is not too large, then the terrace will make it seem even smaller. If the area is cramped, only the main garden is laid out on the site. Sometimes it becomes universal, including elements of other gardens.

The area of ​​the garden in front of the living room, used for receiving guests, can be allocated as a separate functional unit, but more often it is part of the main garden, giving it a more businesslike character. You can take the table and chairs there and receive guests outside the home.

The type of main garden is an important point in the formation of the residential area as a whole. The garden also influences the house itself. Depending on its type, the garden may look better or worse.
The stages of planning a Japanese garden differ little from the European one.

Front garden

It's called the front garden area from the gate to the entrance to the house, which includes a path and plants on both sides. This is the busiest place, as everyone coming into and leaving the house passes through it, and you should pay attention to its design Special attention. It is by the style, character, and mood of the front garden that the new guest gets an idea about the site, the house and the owners. In a sense it is similar roji on the way to tea pavilion, so it’s better if the passage from the gate to the hallway is not too short. Sometimes for this purpose it is made somewhat curved, decorated with plants, which also helps create the illusion of more space.

The main requirement for a path is ease of walking along it. This must be observed especially carefully when using natural stones, the surface of which is rarely completely smooth. If the path is laid from tobiishi, preferably, the gaps between the stones should not be too large. It is important to coordinate with the step width not only these intervals, but also distances between the centers of stones. When using hewn stones or concrete slabs, it is preferable to make them two steps long. If there is a paved area in front of the entrance to the house, then it is usually made of the same material as the path, but it is perhaps better to avoid dark stones and material on which dirt is easily visible.

The garden behind the doors– this is approximately what in European countries is called a winter garden or interior landscaping. It is located indoors, usually in common areas such as a living room, dining room, hallway, and is increasingly becoming part of the everyday life of the Japanese, since due to growing urbanization there is simply no other opportunity to bring nature into a city home. Often, when creating a garden outside the doors, one is limited to a beautiful arrangement of plants in containers.

Japanese garden care

When choosing the type of garden, do not forget about its subsequent service. Fans of large trees should remember that over time they can become too large, creating thickening and disrupting the original composition. If these trees are evergreen, they will provide too much shade and the garden may become gloomy and gloomy. If the trees are deciduous, then in the fall a lot of foliage accumulates under them, creating difficulties during cleaning, especially if there are surfaces covered with gravel or ponds nearby.

First place the stones correctly, then the trees, then the bushes.

Follow the basic principles of creating a Japanese garden. This will help you recreate its atmosphere and convey the mood.

If a garden was created in Japan, it is a Japanese garden. All we can do here is create Japanese style garden.

Japanese name Ajisai. Most types of hydrangea are shrubs 1-3 m high. The flowers are collected at the end of the stem in spherical inflorescences. The most popular large-leaf hydrangea (more than 600 varieties) has flowers that can be white, blue, lilac, pink, red (depending on the acidity of the soil). In Japan, the peak flowering time for hydrangeas is the rainy season (mid-June). Around many temples and shrines there are many hydrangea bushes (sometimes up to 150 thousand): Meigetsu-in in Kamakura, Fujimori Jinja, Tofukuji in. During the flowering season, Japanese shrines and parks host Hydrangea Festivals (Ajisai Matsuri).

Licorice / Higanbana

Licorice is blooming - and it is impossible to die at such a time. (c) Taneda Santoka

Licorice ( Higanbana), the Latin name is Lycoris radiata (a bulbous plant of the amaryllis family). It originates from Greek mythology– the Nereid Lycoris was famous for her beauty. In English the names are often found Red Spider Lily And Hurricane Lily- due to the fact that it blooms before the start of the hurricane period. In Japanese, the main name of this flower is Higanbana. It blooms in September - just in autumn equinox – Higana (Aki no Higan). But besides this, lycoris has many more names: shibito-bana - “flower of the dead”, yuurei-bana - “flower of ghosts”, tengai-bana - “flower that looks like tengai” (decoration of the dome of a Buddhist temple), yome no kanzashi - “a flower that looks like the (traditional hairpin) of the bride”, doku-bana - “poisonous flower”, manjushage (in Sanskrit - “manjusaka”) - “heavenly flower” (in Buddhist sutras there is a mention of red flowers falling from the sky, bringing joy), jigoku-bana – “hell flower”, kamisori-bana – “razor flower”, kizune-bana – “fox flower”. So mysterious and ambiguous. And everything would be fine, and the flowers in the photo are beautiful, but lycoris is not planted near houses - it is a flower dedicated to the dead. He loves to grow up on the battlefields where the blood of warriors was shed. Traditionally, lycoris is planted in cemeteries (not only as decoration, but also for protection from animals due to its toxicity). It is believed that if you bring flowers into your home, it may cause a fire. But the Japanese specifically planted lycoris on the borders of rice fields. Firstly, the bulbs strengthened the soil, preventing it from weathering and being washed away by water. Besides, poisonous plants protected crops from rodents. And finally, during crop failure, the bulbs and stems were eaten (the poison could be washed out with plenty of water). Lycoris stems emerge from the ground in autumn and bear bright red flowers. Then the flowers fade and leaves appear, which remain until the beginning of summer. So flowers and leaves can never be seen together. In Korea, lycoris was given the name “san cho” - “flowers miss leaves, and leaves miss flowers.”

Wisteria / Wisteria / Fuji

Japanese name Fuji- a genus of deciduous vines. They grow naturally in China, Korea and Japan, as well as in the southeastern regions of the United States. The most famous are Chinese and lush-flowering (or Japanese) wisteria. The liana can climb up to 20 meters, twisting around the trunk of a supporting tree or artificial support. Wisteria blooms in spring or in the first half of summer (depending on the species). Inflorescences of fragrant flowers of lilac, white, pink, blue can be up to 1 meter in length. Wisteria is used in landscape design. At festivals, it is often used to decorate floats or “flower umbrellas.”

Camellia / Camellia / Tsubaki

Japanese name Tsubaki. Belongs to the tea family. In Japan (and beyond) it is best known Japanese camellia (Camellia japonica), originating from Southwestern China. Wild camellia is evergreen shrub 6-9 meters high with red flowers 5-8 cm in diameter, having five to six petals and dense stamens. Many hybrids of red, pink, cream and other colors have also been bred. Some of them are double, similar to roses or peonies. One of the names of camellia is “winter rose”. In areas with a mild climate, it can bloom in the middle of winter; the flowering period is 4-5 months. Camellia is widely used for landscaping parks, gardens and indoors.

Sakura / Sakura

(Japanese - Sakura) – . Wild sakura grows in China, Korea and Japan, but in Japan new varieties have been bred for a long time (there are several hundred of them). The most popular type of sakura is Somei Yoshino. Its petals are pure white, only slightly pinkish at the base of the flower. Fuyuzakura- winter sakura begins to bloom in the fall, and sometimes also in winter. U Yaezakura large flowers with dark pink petals. Shidarezakura (weeping cherry) has long cascading branches hanging down pink flowers. Small sakura fruits are not eaten. In cooking, salted or pickled flowers are used (to add flavor to dishes), as well as leaves in which sakura-mochi, sweet rice balls with sweet bean paste, are wrapped.

Tokkobana - kamikaze flower / Ookinkeigiku / Tokkobana

Coreopsis. The Japanese call this flower Ookinkeigiku, which means chicken chrysanthemum. Coreopsis belongs to the Asteraceae family; its relatives are the well-known chamomile, dandelion, aster and sunflower. This is perennial herbaceous plant, branched stems up to 60 cm tall. The leaves are petiolate, lanceolate or almost linear, and disappear as they climb up the stem. The reed flowers range from golden yellow to dark yellow and bloom very beautifully from July for about two months. The plant loves sunlight, in Japan it can often be seen along airfield runways. In the Land of the Rising Sun there is a second name for this flower; the Japanese call it Tokkobana, which means “kamikaze flower”.

This flower growing is called tokkobana in Japanese. Tokkobana literally means "special attack flower", but the word can also be translated as "kamikaze flower". According to legend, they appeared here because these flowers were dropped from their planes as they flew over Mount Kaimon over the southernmost point of mainland Japan on their way to Okinawa. In addition, yellow tokkobana blooms profusely in May and June near the runway of Kanoya Air Base, which served as the base for the largest number of suicide pilots during the war. When these flowers appeared in Japan remains a mystery. There are several assumptions. The most plausible theory is that planes returned to base during World War II and carried flower seeds on their wheels. Others believe that the pilots, who were 18-20 years old, still children by and large, loved the beauty of nature and brought the flowers themselves.

Tokkobana flowers play a central role in the television film A Moon Twenty-six Days Old by Y. Mairi. Three young kamikaze pilots check into a small hotel on the eve of their flight and become friends with an eight-year-old girl at the inn. When they leave in the morning, the girl gives each of them a bouquet of yellow tokkobana flowers, which the three pilots drop on the lower slopes of Mount Kaimon, where today there is a huge field of these flowers.

Kirill Sysoev

Calloused hands never get bored!

All over the world, landscape designers actively use ideas that came from Japan in their work. The landscape, decorated in this style, has a charm; the composition is laconic and sophisticated, evoking a feeling of peace and tranquility. To create a real work of park art, it is not enough to purchase plants and stones; it is necessary to take into account the symbolism and peculiarity of each item, because the main thing here is harmony.

Japanese gardens

What are Japanese gardens? This is a natural composition, which is based on five components: the idea (spiritual part) and the material. The material composition includes four elements: water, plants, stones and architectural elements. All of them symbolize the unity of man and nature. A Japanese garden can be of three types: flat, hilly and rugged.

Each of these types has its own characteristic features:

• Flat type - a perfectly flat area. The world of earthly nature is represented by stones, trees, water sources or reservoirs. Decor – stone lanterns, garden sculptures.
• The hilly view is a combination of hills and water. It could be streams running down the hills, a pond with a waterfall.
• Crossed Gardens - a miniature recreation of the mountainous part of Japan. At the base there is a pond with an island in the middle, artificial mountains, lanterns, paths, bridges. It is appropriate to place tea houses with a traditional tsukubai (bowl for washing hands) and bamboo fencing.

Rock gardens in Japan

Unusual and original look cultural and aesthetic structures are rock gardens. They are a perfectly flat area covered with sand (or pebbles). Main elements – natural stones(raw), arranged according to the rules of the Zen worldview. Their location is as follows: these are groups of three stones (triad), selected according to shapes and colors. There are 15 of them, but the point of contemplation reveals 14, the last stone from any point is hidden (the use of phantoms is a symbol of the unknown).

The asymmetrical arrangement of stone elements is emphasized by concentric lines on areas of sand, symbolizing the ocean. Rock gardens in Japan are a place of meditation, contemplation, and self-knowledge. This type of landscape design is truly unique; even photos of stone gardens put you in a philosophical mood. Their main purpose is to make people realize the beauty of ordinary things and the elegance of natural simplicity.

Japanese style in landscape design

Characteristic features of this style are miniature size, calmness and the presence of many symbols. The space used for the composition may be small, but you need to create a perfect landscape on it, depicting natural elements in all formats. In the classical sense, it is a natural miniature made of water, moss, pebbles, plants and stones.

Japanese landscape design It is no coincidence that it is popular all over the world. With the modern frantic pace of life, it is very important to be able to concentrate, calm down, and find peace. A layout with unusual outlines, asymmetrical composition, harmonious elements, from every angle reveals a new landscape, a miniature world of nature in all its glory.

Plants of the Japanese garden

The purpose of such a composition is to recreate the landscape. Plants for a Japanese garden serve rather as decoration for the relief, emphasizing the contrast. You need to select them very carefully. The species beloved by the Japanese may not take root due to differences in climate and soil. We use:

• trees: cherry (some regions can use sakura, the Raksa variety is perfect for the Moscow region), maple (almost all types are suitable, excellent honey plants, combined with coniferous plants), pine (conifers are the center of the composition, as the personification of longevity, strength, courage, preferably weaken the growth of the tree, giving expressiveness to the crown);
• shrubs: barberry (a variety of varieties, excellent material for hedges), hawthorn (beautifully flowering bushes will be a decoration in the spring, and in the summer they will delight you with the variety of fruit colors, they look especially impressive in a trunk);
• perennial flowers: peony (choose a tree-like variety, flower diameter up to 25 cm, double or semi-double), rhododendron (the flower is not large, but in lush inflorescences, glossy leaves emphasize the delicacy of the flowers), chrysanthemum (the national flower of Japan, the variety of species does not limit the imagination );
• cereals, ferns, bamboo: miscanthus (ornamental herbaceous cereals, many varieties, decorative period from the first months of spring until frost), adiantum stopiform (it takes root well in the Moscow region, openwork leaves look exotic and attractive even in the photo, sit in a visible place), saza (in our latitudes, the only variety of bamboo that grows wild is planted against the backdrop of a stream or as a decoration for a gazebo).

DIY Japanese garden

When planning to arrange a Japanese garden with your own hands, you need to start with a composition that depends on the landscape of the selected area and the climatic characteristics of the region. The presence of free space is also a prerequisite, although its dimensions can be miniature. The composition can be of the following types:

• a garden for philosophical reflection;
• place for walking;
• hill garden;
• a place where the main element will be a house for tea ceremonies.

DIY Japanese-style garden

Do not forget about the main components: stone and water (maybe a dry stream), without which such a design cannot be formed. Here are some recommendations for self-creation of this unique park design. If you don’t know where to start creating your garden, let’s take a step-by-step look at how to create a Japanese-style garden with your own hands:

• Layout. It is better not to redevelop the park, but to take part of it. A site is selected in the courtyard or corner. It should be immediately visible in its entirety and be protected on three sides by walls or hedges.
• Sketch project. The main elements are applied to it, taking into account the wind rose and cardinal directions.
• Stones are laid out in groups vertically and horizontally on prepared sand. To ensure correct placement, use photos of finished landscapes.
• The paths are not made smooth.
• The reservoir is installed depending on the topography of the site: a pond, a waterfall, dry streams or streams of light gravel.
• Plants are planted to a minimum, using symbols; those that are not winter-hardy need to be removed or immediately placed in tubs.

DIY Japanese rock garden

To properly arrange a Japanese rock garden on your site with your own hands, you need to adhere to five basic rules:

• the basis of the composition is a group of three stones harmonious in texture and color;
• the total number is a multiple of three or five;
• from any point of contemplation all the stones are revealed except one;
• the main triad should look harmonious, the rest balance it;
• the stones are located asymmetrically. The stones are selected in accordance with the symbolism: large ones - islands, vertical ones - the sky, sand and white gravel - water, and also imitate circles in the sand.

DIY Japanese garden

You can make a very small Japanese garden with your own hands using indoor plants. Landscape composition in miniature has its own rules:

• It must be created in accordance with the traditions of Japan.
• A low (up to 15 cm) container with a spacious surface is suitable as a container.
• For such a mini-garden, moss, cacti, diamond grass, sedum, saxifrage, ivy, stone rose, etc. are suitable. You need to choose varieties of slow-growing plants.

Video: Japanese-style landscape design

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