What is the best septic tank for a private home? What are the types of septic tanks for home: advantages and disadvantages
One of the most important questions when buying a plot, cottage or country house- availability of communications. And if, as a rule, there are no problems with water or electricity, then central sewerage in the private sector, especially far from the city, is a rarity. And the fastest and practical solution This problem is the purchase of a septic tank.
The two most common types of individual treatment facilities are a non-volatile (autonomous) septic tank and a volatile station. Both types of devices for waste disposal use several stages of purification: mechanical sedimentation of suspended matter, filtration and biological treatment. Autonomous septic tanks use an aerobic bacteria, which do not require oxygen, but act slowly. In energy-dependent devices, biological filtration occurs with the help of more active aerobic microorganisms that require the use of aerators. But the level of purification in such septic tanks reaches 98%.
Choice optimal model The cleaning device depends on several factors:
- Required performance. For one person, a volume of wastewater is usually equal to 150 - 200 liters per day.
- Availability of electricity supply on site.
- Plot size. Autonomous septic tanks require a larger area, as they are equipped with additional ground filtration fields.
- Level groundwater. High groundwater level may require the use of additional engineering solutions.
- Soil composition. For areas with hard rocks, it is better to use horizontal septic tanks, since they require a pit of shallower depth.
Our review contains models of septic tanks with the best technical and operational characteristics. When compiling the rating, the following were taken into account:
- recommendations from civil engineers;
- reviews from users who installed specific models cleaning devices on your site;
- ratio of price and quality of septic tanks.
Useful video - how to choose the right septic tank
The best budget septic tanks for a summer residence
Septic tanks for installation on a summer cottage are small in size and relatively cheap. As a rule, these are simple standalone models that perform the function of a sump and are connected to an additional filtration system. They have an extremely simple one-piece design, low level performance and are also easy to maintain.
4 TANK-1
Excellent price/performance ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 19,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6
Tank-1 is the youngest model in the Triton Plastic line of non-volatile septic tanks. Its design is simplified to the extreme: there are only two chambers: coarse primary purification and secondary biological purification. But, nevertheless, this small septic tank, capable of purifying up to 600 liters of wastewater per day, has all the advantages inherent in the company’s more expensive models: it has a horizontal layout and a durable one-piece body with special stiffening ribs, which increases service life and eliminates the penetration of soil water into the internal volume of the structure.
This compact model is ideal for installation in a country house and is designed for use by two to three people. Cleaning level Wastewater this septic tank has 75 - 80%, so it is recommended to use a special infiltrator in combination with it, in which post-treatment occurs. Buyers note the compact dimensions of the septic tank, easy installation and trouble-free operation. However, you will still have to clean the chambers from sediment every few years.
3 Termite Pro 1.2
The most durable container
Country Russia
Average price: 23,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.6
This miniature vertical septic tank can serve no more than two people. The degree of wastewater treatment reaches 85%. Thanks to its low weight - only 80 kg, Termit Profi 1.2 is easy to transport and install. This great option for small country house or a separate bathhouse. An additional advantage is that the wall thickness of the Termit Pro 1.2 container reaches 20 mm, and the shape of the body is specially designed for optimal performance under load.
According to user reviews, this septic tank is easy to install and maintain. Experienced summer residents recommend that the container be sprinkled with sand cement to increase the service life of the structure. Among the disadvantages is the impossibility of using this septic tank at high groundwater levels on the site.
2 MICROB 450
Best price
Country Russia
Average price: 12,400 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
For a dacha visited by 1-2 people, guest house or change houses for the period of building a house, the best option would be the budget septic tank Microbe 450. Its productivity is 150 liters per day, and its weight is only 35 kg. Of course, to install it you will need to make a sand cushion and apply a layer of insulation on top, since its walls are thin. But this septic tank can be installed in areas with any groundwater level - of course, with the implementation constructive recommendations manufacturer.
Buyers especially like the device’s reasonable price and easy installation. Of course, for a country house you will need a septic tank with a higher capacity, but for periodic trips to the country and on a limited budget, Microbe 450 is ideal.
As mentioned above, septic tanks are divided into autonomous and energy-dependent. What are their features, what are their strengths and weak sides– we find out from the detailed comparison table:
|
Septic tank type |
pros |
Minuses |
|
Autonomous |
Low cost compared to a volatile septic tank Generally higher reliability Does not depend on power supply Does not create additional energy costs |
– The need for ground filtration of wastewater – In some cases, it does not isolate the surrounding area from a fetid odor – Gradual accumulation of sediment requires periodic pumping – The need to equip access roads for sewage disposal vehicles |
|
Volatile |
No sediment accumulation Possibility to move the septic tank to a third-party location, there is no need to equip an access road Complete isolation from unpleasant odors No installation of filtration fields required (for ground wastewater treatment) |
– Compared to stand-alone models, higher price – Dependence on electricity and, as a result, significant additional expenses – The presence of a larger number of constituent elements reduces theoretical reliability |
1 Rostok Mini
Stable operation in any conditions
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 24,120.
Rating (2019): 4.9
Inexpensive autonomous septic tank for a small country house. According to user reviews, due to the small volume (1000 liters) and light design ( total weight is 65 kilograms) installation does not cause much difficulty. The filtration capacity is 200 liters per day - this is not much, but the septic tank is designed for one or two users. Rostok Mini copes well with the assigned functions; it requires pumping once or twice a year (provided that all connections and the system are in good order). A very good option for equipping a summer house or house, which will not put a big dent in the pockets of potential consumers.
Advantages:
- seamless, durable and lightweight (65 kilograms) plastic body;
- the presence of additional stiffening ribs to add strength to the structure;
- completely blocks unpleasant odors;
- low but stable performance;
- does not require frequent maintenance;
- attractive price.
Flaws:
- for your price category– does not have.
The best volatile septic tanks
Treatment stations whose biological filters are populated with aerobic microorganisms are the most technically advanced version of septic tanks. They output water that is 98% purified - it can be used for irrigation, other technical needs, or discharged directly into the ground. Cleaning tanks of sludge is necessary once every couple of years, and the organic sediment itself is excellent fertilizer for plants on the site. Since the wastewater does not require additional ground filtration, the structure takes up minimal space.
The main disadvantage of such systems is the need for electricity. The aerobic system always includes an aerator-compressor, which saturates the liquid with oxygen necessary for the life of bacteria. It is this fact that explains the higher cost of volatile stations - both during purchase and installation, and during operation.
5 ERGOBOX 4
Optimal price-quality ratio
Country Russia
Average price: 60,900 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The body of this treatment station is manufactured using rotational molding technology, which guarantees the absence of seams and uniform thickness of the material. The septic tank uses Japanese compressors and German pumps to ensure uninterrupted operation of the entire system. If there is a loss of power, the station can operate normally for two days, after which it switches to the mode of an autonomous septic tank with an anaerobic filter.
Users note, first of all, the excellent price-quality ratio of this model. With a capacity of 800 liters, it consumes only 1.5 kW per day and provides a volume of water disposal sufficient for the permanent residence of 4 people. You can choose either a gravity-flow version of the installation or an option with forced discharge of wastewater for areas with high level groundwater.
4 Tver-0.5P
The best aerator
Country Russia
Average price: 75,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The service life of this septic tank declared by the manufacturer is 50 years. This becomes possible due to the fact that special structural plastic is used to cast the housing, and the compressor equipment is made in Japan. The degree of water purification in this line of treatment facilities reaches 98%, which makes it possible to eliminate the need for additional ground filters.
The maximum productivity of the equipment is 500 liters per day, so Tver-0.5P can be recommended for a summer house or country house with permanent residence of 2 - 3 people. Customer reviews are almost the same: the device copes with its functions perfectly, there are no smells or noise, and periodic maintenance is required only once a year. The only drawback is the high price with relatively low performance.
3 Unilos Astra 5
User selection
Country Russia
Average price: 76,000 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
One of the most famous septic tank models on the domestic market, which does not have a single visible weak point. If you do not take into account the price level, then the fifth Astra fully meets the requirements of a premium class product (if this is acceptable in this case). The system is based on a very fine filtering effect on incoming wastewater - thanks to aerobic and anaerobic filters, it is possible to achieve almost 100% purification rates. In this way, up to one cubic meter of wastewater is processed per day, which is a normal average value. The drain pipe entry can be arranged at heights from 0.6 to 1.2 meters relative to ground level, which greatly simplifies the installation of the tank.
Advantages:
- high degree of aerobic and anaerobic purification (98%);
- reliable container body;
- good throughput(filtration of up to one cubic meter of wastewater per day).
2 Eco-Grand 15 (Topol)
Better processing ability
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 148,230.
Rating (2019): 4.8
Large-sized energy-dependent septic tank, ideal for equipping large country houses. Except for the fact that the container weighs 380 kilograms, there are no problems with installation. And in terms of operational indicators, everything is very good: the entire volume of the septic tank is divided into four compartments, two of which are equipped with aerators. After the wastewater enters the receiving chamber (a salvo discharge can reach 450 liters), thanks to aeration, solid fractions begin to decompose.
In a separate compartment under the controls there is a compressor for pumping waste water through the system. By the way, the latter consumes a total of up to 2.8 kilowatts of energy per day - not much, but over a long period of operation a decent amount accumulates.
Advantages:
- active filtration and aeration of incoming wastewater;
- good productivity (1.8-2.0 cubic meters of wastewater per day);
- capacity equal to six cubic meters.
Flaws:
- high price;
- increased energy consumption.
1 TOPAS 8
The most economical model
Country Russia
Average price: RUB 99,875.
Rating (2019): 4.9
One of the most economical energy-dependent septic tanks available to a wide range of consumers. It is not entirely justified to install such a tank in a country house - it would be much better suited to a small country house. Convenience of manual installation (as in stand-alone models) can no longer be ensured here - the entire structure weighs almost 350 kilograms. Thanks to installed filters does not require cleaning, well limits unpleasant odors, and also filters up to 1.5 cubic meters of wastewater per day. According to users, the cost of power supply is noticeable, but much less than that of competitors and older models of this series - the septic tank consumes only 1.5 kilowatts per day.
Advantages:
- popularity among users;
- low power consumption;
- highly efficient filtration;
- reliable body;
- ease of operation and low maintenance requirements.
Flaws:
- not detected.
The best autonomous septic tanks
Autonomous septic tanks that do not require connection to the mains - best option for a summer cottage or a country house in a remote area where there are problems with electricity. Their design does not contain moving mechanical parts, so they are simple, reliable and will perform their functions in any case.
Of course, there are also disadvantages - lower productivity, worse level of wastewater clarification. Best models provide no more than 85% purification, and, therefore, the water requires additional filtration. There are several methods - drainage fields, infiltrators, filtration wells - and all of them mean additional monetary costs and reduce usable area plot. However, for houses with periodic residence, such structures may be more preferable, since they do not consume electricity and can be easily mothballed if necessary.
3 Uponor Sako
Good quality plastic
A country: Sweden/Finland (made in Russia)
Average price: 67,575 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The Scandinavian concern for the production of serious household equipment quite successfully came to Russian market. The domestic branch has launched the production of autonomous Uponor Sako septic tanks, suitable for installation both in a private house and in a summer cottage. In general, the system is not bad: it reliably retains unpleasant odors, filters wastewater without problems (but not perfectly), and also does not impose high maintenance requirements. Problem area, judging by user reviews, there is extreme intolerance to the drainage of rainwater and drainage water to the local cleaning system. Why this happens is a matter of heated debate. But the fact that this is an obvious disadvantage is supported by everyone unanimously.
Advantages:
- good standard filtration efficiency;
- high-quality case materials.
Flaws:
- entry into the rain or drainage water treatment system leads to a deterioration in filtering ability.
2 Termite Pro 3.0
Maximum cleaning degree in the classroom
Country Russia
Average price: 49,100 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.7
The productivity of this model, which uses the principle of anaerobic clarification of wastewater, is 1200 liters per day. At the same time, the purification level reaches 85%, which allows minimizing the area of final ground filtration. Such a septic tank with a sufficient supply provides permanent residence for six people. The tank is washed only once a year, and the structure is completely autonomous.
According to user reviews, the septic tank fully complies with the characteristics declared by the manufacturers, is reliable and practical. It is especially convenient to use it for seasonal living: mothballing it for the winter and then putting it into operation again is not a problem. The disadvantages include a rather complicated installation procedure.
1 Triton-ED-3500 Horizontal
Profitable price
Country Russia
Average price: 43,500 rub.
Rating (2019): 4.8
This one is relatively inexpensive option purification system for a dacha or country house where there are significant problems with the power supply. The model's capacity is 700 liters per day, which meets the needs of 4 - 6 people. At the same time, the septic tank does not require an electrical connection, and sludge can be pumped out once a year. Of course, in order for the water discharged into the ground to be sufficiently purified, it will be necessary to additionally use a drainage field or infiltrator.
Buyers especially like the horizontal layout of the septic tank, which allows you to limit the depth of the pit, as well as its independence from the electrical network. The disadvantages of the device are that it must be placed away from residential premises, since it is not possible to completely get rid of odors. This treatment plant is especially suitable for a country house in which a family of 2-3 people lives, but guests periodically come.
In the absence of the possibility of connecting to a centralized sewerage main, owners of country houses have to take care of arranging local wastewater treatment systems. Septic tanks can help with this without affecting the environment. There are many types of such devices. Therefore, those who decide to install a local sewerage system on their site are faced with the question of whether to choose.
The main classification of systems for recycling wastewater from a private home is based on the principle of operation.
- Storage containers are the simplest option. They are sealed containers. Sewage enters these containers and accumulates there, which needs to be pumped out, periodically calling the sewer truck.
- A septic tank with post-treatment carried out in the soil is a fairly simple option for wastewater treatment. Such stations are formed by 1 or 2 reservoirs in which sedimentation of large particles and oxygen-free decomposition of pollutants occurs. The degree of purification in anaerobic devices is not very high; water cannot be discharged into the environment. For this reason, it is necessary to equip the stage soil purification, where the remaining contaminants will be retained in the filter media layer.
- A special feature of biological aerobic treatment stations is the additional stage of wastewater treatment by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen. To do this, a compressor is built into the septic tank, pumping air.
Note! Choosing a location on the site for placing septic tanks that carry out aerobic or anaerobic wastewater treatment must take into account sanitary rules.
The market offers ready-made versions from various companies, but with certain skills you can make them yourself, for example, from concrete rings. The material, along with the design and other important parameters, is one of the factors that is taken into account when choosing a septic tank.
Online calculator for the required volume of a septic tank based on the number of residents and water use patterns
The presence of a wastewater collection system is one of the most important conditions for comfortable living in a country cottage or country house. Designing and assembling sewer lines usually does not cause much difficulty, but installing a septic tank in a private house, a key task when creating a local sewer system, involves “linking” together solutions to several problems. Moreover, the solutions are sometimes mutually exclusive!
A modern septic tank is a rather technically complex installation, easy to maintain and durable in operation. However, these features are preserved only if the installed treatment equipment is installed and connected correctly.
Each septic tank is connected differently, so installation should be carried out by professionals Source pipesz.ru
Types and features of septic tanks
The simplest and most primitive septic tank is a two-chamber cesspool, the primary chamber of which must be periodically cleaned. Its disadvantages are well known - not the most pleasant smell and the release of practically untreated wastewater into the soil. Plus – relative complexity in technical implementation.
Cesspools
It is with a cesspool that great difficulties arise when choosing its location - after all, from the point of view of financial costs and effort, it is most convenient to place the pit as close to the building as possible. But the presence in such a septic tank (which is practically not a sealed container) of a considerable amount of contaminants, with a high degree of probability falling directly into the ground, dictates the need to move the septic tank as far as possible.
Cesspools will have to be cleaned quite often Source dom-expert.by
Factory-made septic tanks
The most acceptable option for incorporating wastewater into the local ecosystem is to install a septic tank industrial production. Such equipment, due to the peculiarities of its design, is distinguished by almost ideal performance qualities:
light weight;
ease of installation;
the strength of the body made of polymer materials;
high degree of purification of contaminated water;
complete processing of mud masses;
complete autonomy;
minimum maintenance.
If it is not possible to use special equipment, then, if necessary, modern septic tanks can be installed manually, but without knowledge of the technology it still cannot be done
The hardest part of the work is digging a hole for the septic tank and a trench for sewer pipes Source m.2gis.ru
On our website you can find contacts construction companies who offer design and installation services for sewerage and water supply. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.
Criteria for choosing a location for installing a septic tank
The choice of installation location for a septic tank, even if it is completely sealed, is determined not only and not so much by the convenience of construction work and maintenance. The determining factors here are sanitary and epidemiological standards and rules - for example, those reflected in SNiP 2.04.03-85. According to these rules, the location of the septic tank must satisfy the following conditions:
the distance to the nearest source of drinking water (well, well) should not be less than 30 m;
there must be more than 10 m to a stream, river or other natural body of water;
the distance to the external walls of a residential building should not be less than 4 m;
the boundary of the site should not be closer than 3 m;
the nearest public road should not be less than 5 m.
In addition, a septic tank in a private house should not be located close to trees - minimum distance 2 m.
General rules for choosing a location for a septic tank Source agrognom.ru
Additional terms
It is necessary to take into account not only these mandatory standards (if violated, significant sanctions from supervisory authorities are possible!), but also take into account local conditions. These include both soil characteristics (depth of groundwater and soil freezing, site topography) and the presence or possibility of connecting associated utilities - some types of factory-made septic tanks are volatile and require a three-phase power supply.
The design and dimensions of treatment plants are not standardized, however, when choosing the location of treatment stations, it should be taken into account that the main drain pipe must approach the septic tank with a slope of at least 2 degrees. In other words, take into account the required pit depth and the technical feasibility of meeting it.
Selection of septic tank performance
The main technical characteristic of any septic tank is its productivity, which characterizes the volume of wastewater received and processed over a certain period of time; usually within a day. It depends, first of all, on the volume of the settling chamber, and secondly, on the technology used in the treatment unit for purifying contaminated water.
Inside, the septic tank consists of several divisions, so its real performance cannot be determined based on an external examination. Source ispovednik.ru
The peculiarity of septic tanks is that high-quality cleaning drainage cannot last less than three days; Accordingly, the volumes of the chambers must be sufficient to contain three days of sewage discharge. That is why it is advisable to choose the volume of the treatment plant with a margin - but with a reasonable margin, since there is one more rule: for efficient work The septic tank chamber must be at least a third full...
According to existing standards, one person produces about 200 liters of wastewater (0.2 cubic meters) per day - this is a fairly average figure, but it is quite acceptable as a base for calculating the performance of a septic tank. You just need to take into account that if you like to soak in the bath every day (a one-time discharge of water from which can exceed 300 liters) - this calculated norm must be increased at least twice.
Thus, for a family of three, the required volume of a septic tank can vary from 1.8 to 3.6 cubic meters. m. Taking into account the reserve - from 2 to 4 cubic meters. Moreover, the number of chambers in the treatment plant does not matter – what matters is the volume of the first of them, the receiving chamber (“sump”).
Septic tanks are made from plastic containers of various sizes Source termograd61.ru
Scheme of the treatment system
Having decided on the volume of the sump, you should think over and draw up a diagram treatment plant, in which all local features must be taken into account. Since installing a septic tank correctly means ensuring its long-term operation without unnecessary headaches, it is necessary to calculate all possible options.
The simplest version of the treatment system includes the following main elements:
a pipeline connecting the outlet of the home sewer system to the receiving chamber of the septic tank;
receiving (septic) chamber;
pipeline from the chamber to the soil treatment plant (if its installation is planned);
aeration fields for the final treatment of wastewater and its transfer into the ground.
Scheme for removing treated wastewater from a septic tank through a filtration field - if the level of wastewater treatment is low, then approximately once every 10 years you will have to dig up the filtration field and wash or change the crushed stone Source rinnipool.ru
Selection of materials
The main part of the septic tank is the wastewater chambers, which can be made from the most different materials:
Septic tanks made of plastic
The most common material for pipelines is polypropylene pipe suitable diameter. It is inexpensive, light in weight, very different high strength and is easy to process. If desired, you can use asbestos-cement, cast iron or other metal pipes- but their service life is significantly shorter than that of polypropylene, and the cost is much higher.
The septic tank is usually made of plastic or reinforced concrete, in simple cases brick can be used. Use as a container iron barrels of a suitable volume is a bad idea: they not only rot quickly, but also pollute the soil in the process of rusting. Perfect option– industrially manufactured septic tanks, easy to install and reliable in operation.
Installation of a septic tank for a private house - plastic version septic tank Source plastlist.ru
Septic tanks made of reinforced concrete rings
A common version of septic tanks is made of reinforced concrete rings. Their cost is quite high; In addition, for the delivery and installation of such rings, due to their considerable weight, special equipment is required. However, for large volume cameras the use reinforced concrete products may be quite justified.
Installation diagram of a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings Source strojdvor.ru
Monolithic structures
The most labor-intensive and expensive option for a septic chamber is a monolithic design, when formwork is assembled in a prepared pit to fill the walls and bottom with concrete. Due to its high cost and the need for large physical expenditures, this method is justified only for very large volumes of wastewater, which is practically unrealistic for a private farmstead.
General terms
In any case, the materials used in the construction of the treatment plant must be resistant to aggressive environments. Polymers ideally meet this requirement, but they have one drawback: they are very light... the low weight of the camera, of course, makes it easier to install, but at the same time it greatly increases the likelihood of it floating, especially when the groundwater level is low. Therefore, together with such containers it is necessary to use “anchors” of any available type.
Since installing a septic tank in a private home does not always mean that the most purified water will go into the soil, in some cases filtration (aeration) fields are included in the treatment system. Of course, they take up quite a lot of space, but they allow you to dispose of waste as efficiently as possible.
Installation of septic tanks
Installing a septic tank always begins with digging a pit of the required size. When installing ready-made, factory-made “tanks,” it is imperative to provide a concrete pad to which the septic tank will need to be secured so that it is not pushed out by heaving forces.
Source proseptik54.ruIn addition to the hole for the septic tank itself, it is necessary to dig trenches for the supply of sewer pipes and the removal of treated wastewater. If the septic tank will be used all year round, then the pipes must be laid below the soil freezing level.
The septic tank is being connected to the sewer system.
Completion earthworks: the gap between the walls of the pit and the outer side of the walls of the box is filled with any available material; usually - with soil removed when digging a pit.
Video description
How to install a septic tank, see the video:
Conclusion
Currently local sewer system- an essential element of a country cottage or dacha, and if necessary, it can be assembled independently. But considering a large number of factors that must be taken into account when designing it, it is better to contact specialists to draw up a specific scheme for treatment facilities.
When building a country house or dacha, the first thing to do is design a water supply and sewerage system. Especially if there are no centralized communications nearby. And in this project important role occupied by the wastewater disposal and treatment system, for which it is necessary to select the best septic tank for the dacha from all those offered modern market species.
The reservoir is a reservoir in which all wastewater from all plumbing points of the house is collected and undergoes biological treatment, followed by drainage of the liquid into the soil or pumping it out using sewage disposal equipment.
In order to understand which tank to install at a particular summer cottage, it is worth conducting a thorough analysis of all types of equipment, understanding the principle of their operation and assessing the feasibility of installing one or another type of treatment system for a private sewerage system.
We analyze the types of septic tanks in our material and find out which tank is the best.
The modern plumbing industry offers consumers septic tanks, which can be classified according to several criteria. First, we will analyze the treatment systems according to the method and principle of operation, conducting a thorough analysis. There are these types of septic tanks:
- Storage tanks;
- Septic tanks operating on the principle of soil filtration;
- Tanks with a deep biopurification system.
More details about each type of equipment below.
Storage septic tank
This type of private sewer equipment provides a durable, sealed tank for storing all domestic wastewater from the site. In principle, such a container resembles a standard one cesspool, with the only difference that the storage septic tank does not have walls in the form of soil. In this case, when installing a treatment system, the tank is simply buried in the ground to the required depth.
The principle of operation of such a treatment system is that wastewater is collected in containers where natural decay of the wastewater occurs. That is, their larger and heavier particles settle to the bottom of the tank, and lighter water and fatty films rise upward.
Such a structure requires periodic cleaning using a vacuum cleaner.
Important: when analyzing, selecting and installing a storage septic tank, you should carefully select the container according to its volume and material of manufacture. In the first case, the volume should allow the unhindered accumulation of a certain amount of wastewater over a specific period so that it is not necessary to frequently call in special equipment to remove it from the tank. As for the material, it must be strong enough so that it is not crushed by the soil during operation. A thorough analysis is also recommended for this purpose.
Most often, the device of such a septic tank is used in dachas or country houses, in which people live not permanently, but for seasons.
Septic tank with soil filtration
These types of septic tanks are used in those houses where households are expected to live permanently and where the amount of wastewater will be the same constant. This type of equipment requires less frequent cleaning using special equipment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are quite simple and are as follows:
- Sewage from the entire house flows through a pipeline into the first chamber of the tank, where it is separated into light water and solid heavy inclusions. First through special drainage hole goes into the second chamber of the septic tank, and the remaining heavy debris settles to the bottom of the first storage tank. In the second chamber, the water undergoes bacteriological purification and is then sent through a connector to filtration fields the third chamber, from where it freely seeps into the soil.
Important: in order for the bacteriological decomposition of wastewater in such a treatment facility to proceed faster, it is better to use special aerobic bacteria, which will not only process the wastewater, but also eliminate its unpleasant odors from the septic tank.
After analyzing septic tanks, we were able to identify the following advantages of this type of equipment:
- High speed and quality of processing of domestic waste water;
- Fairly simple tank maintenance;
- No need for frequent use of sewage disposal equipment.
Important: these types of septic tanks are prohibited from being built and operated in areas with clay soil or in areas where groundwater is located high. In this case, instead of draining into the soil, all the runoff will simply begin to wash away the area.
Septic tanks with deep biotreatment of wastewater
These types of septic tanks are widely used in almost all areas and at any facilities. The main feature of such a device is high-quality wastewater treatment to the state of water that is safe for environment. Residual organic matter can be discharged from such a treatment plant directly into the ground or even water bodies. This is evidenced by a qualitative analysis of water sampled from a septic tank of this type.
Settling tanks with a biotreatment system use complex wastewater treatment:
- Simple settling of water;
- Its bacteriological purification;
- And chemical treatment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are as follows:
- First, all household waste flows into the first chamber of the tank, where it is divided into water and larger fecal inclusions. After this, the clarified water is transported to a second chamber where aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are used.
Important: in order for aerobic bacteria to work more efficiently, a special compressor is installed in the second chamber of the septic tank, pumping oxygen.
After the organic masses acquire a structure that is simple in composition, they are transported to the third chamber, in which chemical purification of the water is carried out. Now the wastewater is ready to be discharged into the ground or reservoir.
According to the analysis of all three types of containers, this one has the following advantages:
- High quality wastewater treatment and purification;
- Possibility of using such treatment facilities on soils of any type;
- No sharp unpleasant odors from the waste tank;
- Simplicity of equipment installation and operation (the septic tank operates independently without the need for constant monitoring);
- The presence of a small amount of final sediment, which allows you to clean the tank quite rarely (once every 5-8 years).
Important: a septic tank with a deep purification system requires connection to the electricity network, which entails the need for additional payment costs utilities. But, after comparing all three types of septic tanks, we can safely say that such expenses will more than pay off in the absence of the need to use sewage disposal equipment with enviable regularity.
Septic tanks by type of material
All treatment tanks can also be divided into categories and according to the type of material used for their manufacture. Since the use of certain types of containers is relevant for one type of soil and may be completely unsuitable for another. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all the containers offered by the market.
So, we compare septic tanks by type of material. The reservoirs are as follows:
- Brick treatment systems;
- Concrete tanks;
- Metal tanks;
- Plastic containers.
Brick septic tank
The most standard type of treatment tank in a summer cottage or suburban area. The popularity of such containers is due to the ability to use waste building materials, which allows saving the family budget.
When building a septic tank from brick, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of its walls, since building stone can create cracks and gaps during installation. To avoid this, you can use a sealant or penetrating mastic.
Important: in addition to saving money from family budget Such a treatment plant is quite profitable from the point of view of its construction. There is no need to use complex equipment or professional skill. You can lay one brick with your own hands.
Concrete tanks
A feature of the construction of concrete tanks is the need to dig a pit. If the septic tank is very large, you will have to use complex equipment.
Two types of treatment facilities can be built from concrete:
- Monolithic;
- Made.
In the first case, a pit is dug and reinforced concrete is poured into the installed formwork. In the second case, the septic tank is assembled from concrete rings. They are mounted one on one.
Important: for containers made of reinforced concrete rings, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the joints.
Metal septic tanks
The rarest type of wastewater treatment tank. Analysis shows that such containers have more negative features than positive ones. And the most important of them is metal corrosion, which will one day lead to depressurization of the cleaning system.
PVC septic tanks
A comparison of septic tanks made of different materials clearly speaks in favor of plastic. Such containers are made from sand-reinforced polymers using the hot extrusion method (extrusion under high pressure). The result is a strong container that can withstand large mechanical loads of compression and tension. Especially if the tanks have special stiffening ribs.
The features of such tanks are entirely positive:
- Strength and durability;
- Resistance to aggressive environments;
- Environmental friendliness of materials;
- Featuring 100% tightness of the treatment system;
- Light weight.
The last advantage can also play the role of a disadvantage. So, plastic containers for a septic tank there is a risk of being thrown out of the ground under the influence of temperature changes and groundwater. To prevent this from happening, they (PVC tanks) are installed in special pits, followed by concreting. You can also use a special anchor system to install them.
There are also septic tanks made from any available materials. But this type of equipment is not professional and is most often used in small dachas, where the owners come periodically to harvest crops or prepare for the winter. In this case, simple barrels can be used, car tires etc.
Septic tank design
Based on the type of construction, septic tanks are divided into one-, two- and three-chamber ones. The latter are carried out if it is planned to install a treatment plant with a biological treatment system.
Two-chamber tanks are tanks for a wastewater treatment plant with a ground cleaning system. Single-chamber septic tanks are storage tanks.
By installation method
All septic tanks can be divided into vertical and horizontal according to the method of installing the cameras. So, in the first case, the containers are installed with their bottom in the ground and look like a simple barrel with hatches in the upper part. With this installation method cleaning system goes deeper and takes up less space on the site.
If the septic tank is installed vertically like a tank, then, on the contrary, the depth will be less than the occupied area.
Important: vertical treatment structures are used where the groundwater level is high enough.
In addition, it is worth noting that septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former are also used on those soils that are washed by a large amount of groundwater located close to the surface of the earth.
Underground - installed in all other cases.
Which types of septic tanks to choose for a dacha or country house, and which options are suitable for your site, must be decided depending on the following parameters:
- The amount and volume of wastewater on the site;
- Frequency of residence or stay there;
- Features of the soil of your site.
Remember, a correctly selected and installed septic tank will effective means for cleaning and draining all domestic wastewater.
Depending on the material, which is used in the manufacture of a septic tank, all structures are divided into the following types:
- Reinforced concrete;
- Plastic.
- Made from stainless metal.
The most widespread are reinforced concrete and plastic septic tanks. Hardware They are rarely used because they are very expensive and wear out quickly.
And this video describes the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.
Comparison of septic tanks for a country house. How and which one to choose?
Let's consider plastic and reinforced concrete septic tanks.
Characteristics of reinforced concrete septic tanks
Cleaning systems based on monolithic reinforced concrete, have their own advantages:
- Durable. The service life reaches up to 30 years.
- They have high resistance to mechanical stress and aggressive substances.
There are reinforced concrete septic tanks:
- Prefabricated: collected from massive rings, the diameter of which is from 1 to 2 meters. Installation is carried out using construction equipment, since their weight is very large. Installation takes a day or two.
- Monolithic: They dig a hole directly at the installation site and begin equipping the septic tank. A septic tank, the design of which is monolithic and has fittings inside, is made in a few days.
This photo shows the process of installing a septic tank made of reinforced concrete rings for a private house.
Features of plastic septic tanks
Advantages at plastic structures a lot of:
- Eco-friendly, safe. High tightness of the structure and durable material avoid leaks and waste getting into the soil.
- Reliable.
- Service life is long.
- They have less weight, so during installation you can do without the use of expensive special equipment.
Plastic septic tanks only need to be purchased and installed on the site. There is no need to collect anything.
Important: installation of all types of septic tanks and connection with sewer pipes must be carried out by specialists.
How many chambers should a septic tank have?
Devices for drainage of wastewater and household waste have the following number of cameras:
- One;
For sufficient functionality of the system, the expected waste volume. It affects the number of cameras:
- Single-chamber design: the volume of wastewater is no more than 1 cubic meter per day;
- Two-chamber design: no more than 10 cubic meters per day;
- Three-chamber septic tank: wastewater exceeds 10 cubic meters per day.
Important: in a finished septic tank, a container in the format of a plastic Eurocube has chambers of the same size. The chambers in finished reinforced concrete rings are also the same.
If you plan to make a homemade septic tank for a country house, it is advisable to take into account the recommendations of specialists and make design compartments of different sizes:
- Double chamber product: the first chamber is two-thirds of the volume, the second is one third.
- Three-chamber septic tank: the first chamber is half of the total volume, and the second and third are 25% each.
Septic tanks for country houses come in different sizes. The choice of model depends on the number of drains, the volume of which will pass through it. The minimum volume is the amount of waste that can accumulate within three days. The septic tank must have an optimal volume. A large area prevents the uniform distribution of sedimentary masses over the entire surface of the bottom.
Autonomous septic tank for a country house. What is this?
If there is no central sewer system or the connection is difficult for a number of reasons, do not give up. Autonomous septic tank
- a rational way out of the current situation.
What does the device look like? The tank for drainage and waste is made of polypropylene. The cleaning process is as follows:
- The settling tank is filled with wastewater.
- Next, they are disinfected and cleansed from various impurities.
- Special bacteria process contaminated wastewater.
- Mechanical treatment allows you to achieve good purity of wastewater.
- Purified water is drained into the soil.
The newest generation of autonomous septic tanks allows you to release almost clean water into the soil. In this case, groundwater contamination is excluded.
A septic tank operating autonomously in a country house has a fairly high cost. Drain pit arrange it cheaper. But obvious advantages autonomous wastewater treatment system during the entire service life confirm the correctness of the choice. An autonomous septic tank relieves owners from many problems with waste disposal and wastewater disinfection.
Sewer septic tank for a private home: reviews
Many owners of cottages and country houses positively evaluate the use of a septic tank on your own farm.
Andrey, Bryansk: I purchased a Picobell septic tank with a tank volume of 3700 liters. Enough for our family of four. The tank is single chamber. There are no problems at work. I've been using this system for three years now. About cleaning the chambers from silting. It is enough to drain the sludge and wash the chamber once or twice a year, and everything works fine. If the lights are turned off, the system continues to work, although the speed decreases, but still, the process continues! I recommend.
Sergey, Novokuznetsk: I bought a BIOTAL series 4 septic tank and have never regretted my choice. The wastewater settles and is cleaned of bacteria very well. There is practically no smell. I call the vacuum cleaner once a year. It's not expensive. My house is large, 8 people live in it. 4 cubic meters of capacity is enough so that our family is not bothered by the problem of drains. The instructions say that there is a high-quality biological filter inside. This won me over. I am for environmental friendliness.
Rating of the best septic tanks for a country house
- Rosecology.
- City Eco Plast.
- Helix.
- Aqua.
- Topas.
- Bioxi.
Prices for septic tanks for a private (country) house
The cost of septic tank models depends on:
- Tank volume;
- Number of cameras;
- Manufacturing companies;
- Cleaning technologies;
- The material from which the structure is made;
- “Fillings” of the septic tank.
Most Popular the following septic tanks for the private sector:
- Ecopan. 62 thousand -141 thousand. rub;
- Breeze. 58 – 88 thousand rubles;
- Count. 55-75 thousand rubles;
- Biotal. 55-85 thousand rubles;
- Green Rock. 70-200 thousand rubles;
- Eurobion. 56-124 thousand rubles.
Wide selection of products on the market sewerage stations and septic tanks allows home owners to choose a device that will meet all requirements.
When choosing a model, pay attention to the characteristics various types septic tanks for installation in a private house, their volume, number of chambers, level of cleaning - and You will forever forget about problems with wastewater treatment and waste disposal.