Drain tray in the bathhouse. How to drain a bathhouse? Draining water from a bath: diagrams, drawings

At the bathhouse planning stage, it is necessary to provide reliable and effective system drainage Modern water drainage from the bathhouse is constructed taking into account all construction and sanitary standards requirements for engineering networks of this type.

A safe drain in the bath will protect the structure and base from rotting and destruction, prevent the development of pathogens and the appearance of a musty odor.

Options for organizing drainage

There are several affordable and reliable options for organizing drainage in a bathhouse:

• - the simplest and cheap way. It is used for a structure designed for 2-3 people. The pit is installed directly under the foundation of the bathhouse, the walls are lined with brick or sand mixture. Pumping of waste water from the drainage pit is carried out by a special cleaning machine.
• For baths designed for big companies, would be better suited laying a pipe with a drain into a sewer well. This is a more labor-intensive and expensive method.
• Filtering waste well. The method involves installing a special tank, the bottom of which is lined with any available material that acts as a filter - slag, crushed stone, broken bricks, etc. upper layer The soil is filled with silt containing bacteria. They contribute to quick and effective cleansing Wastewater.
• . This is the most expensive option for removing wastewater from a bathhouse. The system consists of a septic tank, drainage pipes and a distribution well.

Features of flooring

Effective removal of moisture and wastewater from a steam room or washing room depends on the correct arrangement of the floor and the drainage hole.

In modern baths floor bases can be concrete or wood.

The choice of flooring option is determined by the type of building. In the case of constructing a permanent bathhouse that will be used throughout the year, it is better to build a concrete base with high-quality waterproofing. For wooden buildings that will be used only in summer, it is enough to make the flooring from wooden planks.

Wood floors

Bathroom floors made of wood can be either leaky or non-leaky.

The design of the leaking flooring is simple and reliable. It provides for the presence of small technological gaps of 5 mm between the boards, which serve to drain water under the foundation of the building. Such gaps perform two functions - they effectively remove wastewater outside the building, and also provide natural ventilation of the room.

If necessary, wooden floors can be dismantled and dried. To implement drainage in the bathhouse floor, it is recommended additional installation a pit of a hermetically sealed structure under the building, which serves to drain water into the drainage pit. To prevent the appearance of mustiness, a water seal is installed in such a system.

Leak-proof wooden floors have a more complex design, which is mounted on a concrete base, while a slight slope towards the drainage hole must be observed. The boards are installed quite tightly in two layers. This design cannot be dismantled or dried.

Concrete floors

Floors based on concrete screed are a complex multi-layer structure:

• gravel bed with drain hole;
• concrete screed;
• vapor barrier;
• insulation;
• waterproofing;
• concrete screed;
• cement screed with a reinforcing base;
• facing ceramic tiles.

When settling in concrete base The slope towards the provided drain hole must also be maintained.

On initial stage It is necessary to organize a reliable system for collecting wastewater inside bathhouses.

Efficient drainage system in the bathhouse

Organizing a reliable drain in a bathhouse with your own hands is quite simple; the main thing is to carefully study the step-by-step guide and follow all the recommendations provided.

As a rule, the main work is carried out at the stage of laying the foundation - columnar or strip type.

• First, a trench is dug for the foundation. A waste pit is being prepared where the washing room and steam room floors are supposed to be placed.
• A trench of suitable depth is laid from the pit, taking into account the groundwater level. It is intended for installing a drain pipe to remove waste from the pit into a special storage tank or well. When laying pipes under the foundation, it is important to maintain a drain slope of 5 degrees. To prevent its freezing, modern heat-insulating material is additionally used.
• Laying the foundation with installation of waterproofing protection.
• The top layer of soil is removed along the inner perimeter of the foundation, taking into account a slope of 11 degrees from the pit in relation to the foundation walls.
• To maintain the slope, its slopes are covered with medium grade crushed stone and compacted. You can also use a concrete mixture, but before doing this you should make a hole for drainage.
• After organizing the pit and drainage system, a frame and wooden beams for the ceiling are mounted on the foundation. In this case, the foundation is subject to additional waterproofing, and the beams are subject to treatment with antiseptic preparations.
• Boards 2 cm thick are mounted on top of the beams, which form the basis for the bath floor. Minimum distance between individual elements is 5 mm.

Arrangement of a drain well or reservoir

How to properly drain using a special tank where the waste should be drained?

In a well with a drain, the bottom is covered with a special filter layer. It ensures wastewater treatment and subsequent disposal into the ground. To organize the filter layer, various Construction Materials– sand, gravel, crushed stone, broken bricks. For a building for 4 people, a small well is suitable - 200 cm deep, up to 150 cm in diameter.

The optimal distance for placing a well from a bathhouse is 3.5–5.5 meters. To increase the wear resistance of the tank, its walls are strengthened using concrete rings, car tires or brickwork. To simplify the work, you can use a standard plastic or metal barrel with a cut-off bottom as a reservoir, with a volume of up to 250 liters. Ready tank closed with a metal or concrete lid and covered with earth.

Step-by-step process of arranging a tank with drainage using a barrel of the required volume:

• Selecting a location for installing a drain tank away from the building;
• Digging a hole, the depth of which should be below the permissible level of ground freezing. Diameter is 35 cm larger than the circumference of the container.
• Laying a sand cushion on the bottom to a level of up to 13 cm, tamping.
• Laying an 11-centimeter layer of medium-fraction crushed stone, compacting.
• Preparing a side hole in the barrel wall for installing a drain pipe.
• Preparing a hole at the bottom of the barrel for connecting a hose to ensure sufficient ventilation.
• Screwing the nut and seal onto the pipe. The pipe is threaded through the lower hole in the barrel, an additional gasket is located on the reverse side, after which finished design securely fixed with a nut. Next, an adapter is installed on the HDPE-type ventilation pipe.
• Installing the barrel bottom up.
• Connect the drain pipe through the side hole to a depth of 20 cm.
• Fill the hole halfway with crushed stone, then with soil.

A reservoir with a drain is provided for non-clayey and non-heaving soils.

Installation of waste septic tanks

With intensive use, the sewer system requires periodic cleaning. Most effective method cleaning – septic tanks that do not require the use of sewage disposal equipment.

The septic tank provides for consistent wastewater treatment different ways. First, the water is purified from contaminants, then disinfection occurs, and at the final stage, the water is discharged into the ground or used for irrigation.

Instructions for setting up a simple septic tank with 2 chambers for private needs:

1. a pit is dug up to 3 meters deep.
2. Filter layers of sand (up to 15 cm high) and crushed stone (10 cm) are placed on the bottom and compacted thoroughly.
3. They are immersed in the sand-crushed stone layer concrete rings to add rigidity to the future structure.
4. The walls of the well are reinforced with brickwork.
5. Next to the main well, a pit is dug for a well of smaller depth and diameter, which is equipped in a similar way.
6. The bottom of the first well and the gaps between the rings are filled with concrete mixture to ensure complete tightness of the structure.
7. Drain holes are made in the upper part and the rings of both wells are connected using pipes. In this case, it is important to maintain a slight slope of 2.1 cm per meter towards the deep well. The joints are covered with cement mixture.
8. A sewer pipe is supplied with a drain from the bathhouse to a smaller well.
9. The wells are closed from above with reinforced concrete slabs or hatches, in which small holes are made for installing ventilation pipes.

The first well is intended for rough water purification, the second - for eliminating organic waste using earthen bacteria.

If you have available funds, you can use ready-made septic systems available for sale. The process of installing such equipment consists of digging a pit and supplying a sewer pipe.

This is the most expensive option for organizing a drainage system for private baths. It can operate in automatic mode, with cleaning quality reaching 97%. The removal of purified water from the septic tank in the finished system is carried out using a drainage pump. This water can be used for irrigation personal plot and technical needs.

High-quality drain for modern bathhouse– this is a fairly important and responsible process that requires technical training, financial investments and free time.

How to drain a bathhouse? This issue should be a priority, since the length of operation of the bathhouse, protection of the foundation from fungus and unpleasant odors, comfort and ease of use will depend on the correct construction of this structure.

Today, experts offer several options for how to make a floor in a bathhouse with a drain, and each of them can be done with your own hands.

Soil filtration is the simplest and cheapest way

During ground filtration, the water in the bathhouse will be drained directly into the ground. When choosing this method, you need to consider the following factors:

1. Safety of the foundation. Most often, a bathhouse is built on strip foundation, therefore, draining water from the bathhouse under the floor can lead to its destruction, and constant moisture will become an excellent environment for the growth of fungus.
2. Soil composition. If the soil has a clay base, then it will be impossible to drain the water from the bathhouse. Natural absorption will be minimal, and water will constantly collect under the floor.
3. Terrain. If the area is sloped, this can cause water to remain in one part of the foundation and cause its rapid destruction.

If you choose a soil filtration system for a bathhouse, then the best option would be to install a soil purification well for water.

Craftsmen argue that the use of expensive sewer systems in summer cottages is not always justified. If the dacha is not used for permanent residence, then you can build a drain from an ordinary car tire. Using the given guide, you can complete the task in one day.

For the drainage hole you need to take car tires from KAMAZ or UAZ vehicles. Having determined the tire size, you need to dig out drain hole. Car tires will be stacked on top of each other.

Drainage is poured at the bottom of such a well. The sewer pipe, which is located between the floors of the bathhouse, is led to the wheels, into a pre-cut hole.

As practice shows, wells made from tires - perfect option for any terrain, as they do not freeze and last a long period.

Drainage channel - the best choice

Many experts claim that at the dacha it is possible to build a bathhouse with a drain - a drainage channel.

The drainage system will work on the following principle: water flows by gravity into the sump through a metal chute located in the floors. From the gutter, water enters the sewer pipe, which ends in a drainage well.

When draining a bathhouse with your own hands, it is worth remembering the following important points:

1. Soil freezing level. The bottom of the well must be below the level, and the bottom must be covered with expanded clay.
2. In order to prevent freezing of the sewer pipe, it is worth filling the expanded clay above the freezing point, covering it with earth on top. The poured soil must be compacted.
3. Choice of flooring material. Many experts advise using floorboards, since they can always be dried. If the flooring is made permanent, then it should be with a slight slope towards the built-in drain.
4. When choosing a drainage channel, it is worth remembering the ventilation drain. It is done next to the drain, with a diameter ventilation pipe must be at least 10 cm.

Internal sewerage

Internal sewerage is the optimal choice for a drainage system in a bathhouse. Such a drain must be installed at the construction stage of the structure.

The work flow diagram looks like this:

1. Small trenches are dug with a slope of at least 2 cm per linear meter. The optimal trench depth is 0.5-0.6 m.


2. The bottom of the dug ditches should be covered with a sand cushion. Its height is 15 cm. When filling the pillow yourself, you should remember the slope and careful compaction.
3. Pipe laying. When performing this stage of work, you need to ensure that all connections are present.
4. Internal sewerage schemes provide drainage for the toilet. It must be attached to the wall with clamps, and ventilation equipment is connected to it. The toilet pipe must be located above the level of the sanitary equipment and have a check valve.
5. When the internal sewage system is assembled, they move on to flooring. Sewer outlets should be equipped with grates so that water flows freely into the gutters and large debris remains on the floor.

Carrying out internal sewerage baths with your own hands, it is worth considering the presence of water seals in all areas of water intakes. This will help avoid unpleasant odor indoors.

Options for arranging a drain well

The drainage system from the bathhouse also includes a drain well. Experts offer several ways to construct such wells.

These can be plastic or metal containers, reinforced concrete structures. The main condition for the proper functioning of the structure is the chosen location. The drain well should be located at the lowest point on the site so that water can flow by gravity from the bathhouse. When choosing a location for a future structure, you need to take into account the possibility of unhindered access for a sewer truck.

How to make a drain well?

1. We need to dig a hole. This process is performed independently or by calling an excavator. The dug hole should have smooth edges and not crumble.
2. Bottom preparation. In order to easily and smoothly clean the bottom in the future, it needs to be made at a slight slope directed towards the hatch. A sand cushion and a layer of concrete are placed at the bottom of the pit.
3. When the concrete bottom is dry, you can proceed to laying the brick walls. Optimal choice will become a red brick. The thickness of the masonry should not be less than 0.25 m. When carrying out the masonry, it is worth leaving a hole for the entrance of the sewer pipe.
4. The brickwork must be carefully sealed.
5. A hatch is installed on the completed well and filled with soil so that there is only one hatch on the surface.

If it is possible to buy reinforced concrete rings for a well, this will speed up and facilitate the work process.

Drainage structures in a bathhouse are systems without which it does not function.

Issues related to the construction of a bathhouse are very relevant, as country houses are gaining more and more popularity. One of important issues When constructing a room with a steam room and a washing room, it is necessary to arrange for water drainage. After all, it is the main element necessary for the functioning of the bathhouse. Let's look at how to properly make drain systems yourself so that the floor does not rot.

Drainage device in the bathhouse washing room

There are two main schemes for drainage communications in a washing room.

Moreover, in both options, a drain pipe is always installed under the floor (for example, after a drain), which goes at an angle into the general sewer line or into a separate well for a bathhouse.

Most often, modern country houses have septic tanks - underground reservoirs in which waste products accumulate, flowing through a common pipe from the entire household - from the toilet, shower, kitchen, bathhouse, and so on. Once every few months, a filled septic tank is emptied using a pumping cesspool machine.

The presence of a septic tank minimizes the level of pollution groundwater and soil with substances that are found in excess in sewer water

If there is no septic tank on the site, there is only one way out - to dig a hole for a bathhouse. But it must be located at a distance of at least three meters from the building. The design of the sink drain does not depend on whether a common septic tank or a local pit is used. In any case, a sewer pipe must lead to one of these objects from the bathhouse.

Preparing for system installation

Consider the option with a concrete floor. First, you need to imagine at least in your mind a communication scheme. The length of the drainage line directly depends on the distance between the cesspool and the planned location of the sewer drain. This unit itself, installed in the floor, has a grille on top.

The lower outlet of this product has a standard diameter for connecting classic PVC pipes used in any modern sewer system.

Red pipes are used for laying sewerage outside, and gray pipes are used indoors.

Drainage system drawing

You need to draw on paper a rough sketch of the structure of the floor, as well as the drainage system itself, mounted under the flooring. It is advisable to indicate in the figure the entire path of the drained water from the washing area to the pit.

By the way, the pit is often equipped with a simple metal barrel. It is enough to dig a cavity of a suitable size and lower an old watering container of about fifty liters into it.

Before the drain pipe enters the sewer pit, a vertical outlet is often made, leading the ventilation pipe to the top. This helps get rid of excess odors.

Selection of materials

For the drain line, a sewer line is usually used. PVC pipe standard diameter 100 mm. The mainline is assembled from two-meter or meter sections, which are joined together using the existing sockets at the ends.

To connect a simple drain that does not have a side outlet, you will need to use a standard elbow to the drain pipe.

At the same time myself sewer drain It has standard design V various variations. For a bath, you can choose either the simplest or the most complicated, since such products come with various additional functions.

Great value for work drain system the device is hermetically sealed, so before purchasing a ladder it is recommended to assemble the device and evaluate the tightness of the parts

Also, to construct a drainage line, you may need a sewer tee with a branch at forty-five or thirty degrees.

You will need a tee if you want to make additional drainage from the sink

It is advisable to immediately determine the slope of the drain pipe. After all, it depends on him what kind of knees you have to buy. Typically, the slope angle is taken to be 10–20 degrees.

In addition to PVC parts, we will need “cold” mastic to seal cracks if the sewer pit is equipped iron barrel. This material is sold in metal cans in construction hypermarkets. Before purchasing all the parts and consumables, it is better to make a list.

Mastic can be purchased at any hardware store

Pipe length calculation

To calculate the length of the drain pipe, you need to know the distance from the washing drain to the sewer pit. Let's assume this value is 10 meters. Let us take the slope of the drain pipe to be 15 degrees. Then the length of the drain line can be found from the formula for the cosine of an acute angle in a right triangle.

As is known, the cosine of an acute angle right triangle equal to the ratio of the adjacent leg to the hypotenuse. In our case, the leg is the same distance from the pit to the drain along the surface of the earth, and the hypotenuse is the length of the inclined pipe. Using a calculator, we find the cosine of an angle of 15 degrees. Then we calculate the required length of the highway: L = 10 m / cos 15 = 10 m / 0.966 = 10.35 m.

If you take a steeper slope angle, then the drain pipe will be longer.

Required Tools

We will need the following items from the tools:

• rubber hammer (useful for driving pipes into each other);
• shovel;
• Bulgarian;
• putty knife.

You will need a grinder to cut an opening in a metal underground tank, through which the drain pipe will enter.

Step-by-step instructions for making a bath drain design

We proceed directly to installing the drainage system.

1. The drainage system is installed before pouring the concrete wash floor. The first step is to dig a trench with a shovel for the drain pipe from the sewer pit to the bathhouse. This is done in such a way that a slope of 15 degrees is obtained. That is, the depth of the channel is taken to be equal to the diameter of the pipe (100 mm), plus another twenty centimeters offhand.

   The depth of the trench should be approximately 50–60 cm, and the width depends on the size of the selected pipes

2. Using a grinder, we cut a 100 mm x 100 mm square in the metal wall of the sewer pit. We insert the first pipe into the resulting opening - with the socket inside the container. We seal the remaining space around the crack with mastic. It seals the connection and at the same time secures the end of the pipe.

   If a plastic barrel is selected, then the task can be cut out in it with a strong knife round hole and then insert the pipe with tension

3. After the mastic has dried, we continue the process. We insert the remaining pipes in such a way as to bring the line to the bathhouse. If necessary, hammer each link with a rubber hammer.

   When laying pipes, you should wear cloth gloves to avoid damaging your hands.

4. The last link should fall between the pillars of the bathhouse foundation and go under the floor joists. We continue to work indoors. We attach a rectangular elbow or two elements to the final pipe, creating a right angle so that the main goes vertically upward. You may also need to insert a vertical pipe if it is too far from the floor level.

   An additional small outlet for the sink can be attached to the nice pipe

5. We install a sewer drain.
6. Having laid a temporary flooring of boards as formwork, we fill the floor with concrete.

Many bathhouses additionally add a special layer of waterproofing.

The walls of the ladder must be firmly fused with the concrete. Otherwise, water will seep under the flooring, which will subsequently lead to high humidity, unpleasant odors and even rotting.

Drying of the coating takes up to three days.

When designing the construction of a bathhouse, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of its operation. To achieve this, the building must have increased thermal insulation, fire safety and a well-thought-out sewage system.

The latter is the determining factor - timely removal of moisture will preserve the structure and significantly increase comfort in the bathhouse.

Before starting construction, many choose the easiest way to remove the generated wastewater. It consists of directly draining them into the ground under the bathhouse (pit). But this is not always possible, since many factors must be taken into account.

The most important factor is the type of foundation. If the bathhouse is built on a strip or slab foundation, then constantly incoming moisture can significantly affect its safety.

The concrete mixture has a porous structure that absorbs moisture relatively well. With a small volume of water, this factor can be ignored, but only if bath procedures We accept a maximum of 3 people once a week.

In addition, there are the following restrictions on the use of soil filtration:

• soil composition. If it contains a large percentage of clay, it will hinder the natural absorption of moisture. As a result, there will always be water under the floor;
• terrain. When building a bathhouse on sloping section Constant presence of water under the foundation can lead to soil erosion. This will affect the reliability of the structure;
• Taking these factors into account, for optimal water removal in the bathhouse, a system should be installed sewer pipes. To dispose of gray wastewater, it is necessary to install a ground filtration system. It may consist of aeration fields or a soil treatment well.

Photo: ground filtration systems for baths

Scheme

The arrangement of a water removal system from the bathhouse should be planned before construction begins. In this case, the maximum volume of wastewater, the specifics of the terrain and the composition of the soil must be taken into account.

The main element of the sauna drainage system is the organization of liquid removal from the floor surface.

Photo: arrangement of a water removal system from the bathhouse

During the design process, the flooring material (cement or concrete screed), the number of “wet” rooms and their area should be taken into account.

The general output circuit should consist of the following elements:

• pipelines;

There is a horizontal line under the floor, to which the drains are connected. They are located on the surface of the floor covering.

• connection points for plumbing fixtures;

Important! If the bathhouse provides for the installation of a toilet and sink, then it is necessary to provide for the installation of a central vertical riser. It must be connected to a horizontal pipe.

To protect against unpleasant odors from sewer pipes entering the room, each floor drain must have a water lock in its design.

Photo: installation of the central vertical riser

Often it comes complete with factory drain models. If the arrangement of the hole is made from scrap materials, then when choosing a drain design, it should be taken into account that the diameter of the pipe must be equal to the cross-sectional size of the horizontal pipe.

• external pipeline and soil treatment well.

All this forms unified system effective removal of wastewater from the bathhouse. But for professional design it is necessary to take into account not only the technical parameters of the building and the area, but also a balanced approach to the choice of construction materials.

Photo: schemes for collecting and processing bath wastewater

You should also consider in advance the implementation of all stages of sewerage installation.

Construction stages

An already constructed bathhouse does not always have the right system plum. Therefore for full review rules for its arrangement, it is necessary to consider 2 options - installation at the construction stage of the building and installation in a ready-made bathhouse.

Despite the fact that in the end the functioning of the systems will be identical, the stages of their installation are different.

The list of materials for installing drainage will be the same. It should include the following elements:

• sewer pipes. For indoor installation can be used polymer products PVC with a wall thickness of 2.2 mm. The recommended diameter for the riser and horizontal part is 110 mm. For small volumes of water, a 50 mm pipe can be installed;
• drain body. It is best to purchase factory models made of plastic. However, the top protective grille must be made of durable material. The best option– galvanized steel or cast iron construction;

Photo: bath drain

• siphons. Selected according to the parameters of sewer pipes and drains.

After purchasing these materials, you can begin installation procedures. At the first stage, it is necessary to draw up an accurate work plan.

It indicates the location of the well, and based on this, the layout of the internal pipeline is adjusted.

The full list of works consists of the following stages:

Bathroom floor preparation

If an old building is being modernized, it is necessary to remove wooden boards and joists, or use a groove method to punch a channel in the concrete floor for installing pipes.

Pipeline installation

Highways are installed at a certain slope. For internal networks it should be 2-3 cm depending on. Sand is poured into the bottom of the trench and compacted thoroughly. Then the pipeline is laid.

Photo: laying pipelines for a bathhouse

After installing the central horizontal pipe, it must be connected to the riser. If it is absent, the main line is routed directly through the foundation to connect to.

Photo: connecting the sewerage system to the riser in the bathhouse

Formwork is made at the places where the drains are installed. Its dimensions are fully consistent with the dimensions drainage structures. Thin sheets of iron are used to make it.

After installing the pipes and checking their tightness, you can proceed to the next step.

Pouring the floor

When pouring cement screed it is necessary to make a slope of the floor level towards the drains. To do this, a sand layer is first made, which is compacted. Then its surface is filled with cement mortar.

Photo: floor level slope towards drains

After the concrete layer has completely hardened, you can use the bathhouse.
Of particular interest is the soil wastewater treatment system. Due to the specific composition of water, it must have a number of parameters unique to it.

Construction of a cesspool for a bathhouse

A feature of the composition of bath waste is the low content of “black” water. Their quantity will not be sufficient to support aerobic or anaerobic fermentation reactions.

But at the same time, the requirements for the cleaning process are reduced, since the percentage of water contamination will be significantly lower than that of a conventional composition for home sewage.

Therefore, seepage wells can be used as a waste disposal method.

They have the following advantages:

• small sizes. The well is a shaft with waterproofing walls and a bottom made of several layers of filtering substances;
• affordable price. To install the structure you can use standard materials– concrete rings, bricks or ready-made factory products;
• simple maintenance. This system practically does not need pumping out. Most of the waste will go into the soil and a small remainder biological substances decomposes into its constituent elements.

The general diagram of the well is shown in the figure:

Photo: filtration well

To install it, you need to select an installation location. The well should be located no closer than 5 meters from the foundation of the bathhouse.

The minimum thickness should be 300 mm. After installing the structure, it is leveled relative to the ground plane. An external sewer pipe is being connected.

The empty space between the outer wall of the structure and the pit is filled with a sand-cement mixture.

To ventilate the system, it is necessary to install an air pipe. It can be located on the device body. Minimum height its rise above ground level is 400 mm.

Photo: ventilation filtration well

Autonomous sewage system

Structure sewer system in a bathhouse is in many ways similar to the standard one for a home.

It must contain 3 components:

• internal piping for connecting plumbing fixtures - floor drain, sink, toilet, etc.;
• system for discharging wastewater outside the building. A pipeline connected to the internal pipe distribution ensures transportation of waste to the place of its processing (filtration well) or to the central sewer system;
• discharge of water into the ground with preliminary treatment. Installed only for bathhouses with independent sewerage.

However, there are specifics in choosing the material for making pipes. If, due to circumstances, the central riser passes through the steam room, then it must withstand maximum temperatures of up to +80°C without changing its properties.

Important! Therefore, when choosing polymer pipes you should Special attention devote them to critical temperature conditions.

It is best to use modified PVC, Maximum temperature heating of which is +95°C.

If there is a central sewer line in the immediate vicinity, you can connect to it. To do this, it is necessary to issue permits and ensure compliance with technical conditions.

After submitting an application to management company You will need to provide the following documents:

• conclude an agreement with a representative of the design organization to carry out land and installation work. The company's activities are necessarily confirmed by certificates;
• obtain the consent of neighbors to carry out connection activities if the work is carried out in close proximity to their homes;
• install an inspection well at the connection point to check the condition of the system and the integrity of the pipes.

Only after this can you get written permission and connect the wastewater drainage from the bathhouse to the central sewerage system.

Such red tape will be impractical when there is a small amount of “gray” water. It is best to install one that can perform cleaning functions.

Considering the minimum volume of water, you can choose the simplest type of treatment plant with small dimensions.

Advantages and disadvantages of bath drain types

The choice of method for removing sewage water is decisive in the design.

Important! Therefore, for a complete analysis, it is necessary to carefully consider all the advantages and disadvantages of various systems.

Currently, 3 types of organization of drainage in the bathhouse are used - drainage, ground cleaning and connection to the central sewerage system.

The technology for their design and assembly was discussed above. Let's look at the positive and negative aspects of using each of them.

Drainage

Advantages:

• simplicity of organization. Under the floor, which consists of wooden boards with relatively large cracks (3-5 mm), a hole is dug, the depth of which exceeds the freezing level of the soil. A backfill of sand and crushed stone is laid at its bottom. Water enters the formed pit and gradually goes into the lower layers of the soil;
• low cost of installation work;
• the use of pipelines and additional fittings is not required.

Flaws:

• designed for small volumes of wastewater;
• Suitable only for soils with good moisture absorption coefficient;
• the technology is unsuitable for a bathhouse with a tiled foundation.

Ground cleaning

Advantages:

• used for a complete sewage system with several wastewater collection points;
• autonomous operation without connection to the central sewer system;
• the ability to process not only “gray” but also “black” wastewater. To do this, it is necessary to install at least an anaerobic septic tank.

Flaws:

• relatively high cost Supplies and equipment;
• To install a septic tank or filtration well, it is necessary to allocate a plot of land.

Connection to central sewerage

Advantages:

• absence external devices for wastewater treatment. They go directly to the central sewer;
• possibility of connecting several water intake points. The main thing is not to exceed the maximum volume for which the sewerage pipelines are designed.

Flaws:

• bureaucratic red tape when obtaining permits;
• relatively high cost of contracting services.

Which of these methods of organizing a drain in a bathhouse will be optimal? Everything is determined by current operational properties. For small volumes of wastewater you can use drainage system recycling.

If more is needed high level comfort (shower, toilet), then the best way- installation of a septic tank, or connection to the central sewerage system.

Video: how to make a sewer system in a country house and country house

The main problem of a bathhouse with a washing room is the removal of waste from it. Therefore, technology options for how to drain water in a bathhouse with wooden floors made from leaking or solid flooring are relevant for each individual developer.

Let’s immediately define the terms; by wooden floors in the article we mean - wood flooring(ladders), i.e. finishing coating for the floor in the bathhouse. The floor underneath them can be either wooden (on beams) or concrete (on the ground).

The main nuances of the construction and use of a bathhouse are:

• the building is usually heated by wood-burning stoves, which are not intended for connecting the contours of a warm water floor;
• sewerage is necessary in the washing room, less often in the steam room;
• with periodic heating, wood on floors heats up faster than a concrete screed or slab;
• maximum heat loss is traditionally present in the floors of the lower floor, so they need to be insulated;
• a budget option for a bathhouse on an MZLF, columnar or pile grillage is a floor on the ground without overlap;
• Overlapping with beams, which has a shorter lifespan compared to a concrete structure, is a little more expensive.

Important! For bathhouses, the regulation SP 29.13330 (Floors) remains relevant, according to which the finishing coating in the washing room should be 1.5 - 2 cm lower than the lining in other rooms.

Types of wooden floors in the bathhouse

Wood flooring has a pleasant tactile sensation when walking on it barefoot, unlike other claddings. There are 2 categories wooden floor baths:

Depending on the design of the foundation, the floor of the bathhouse may have the following design:

On both types of floors, both solid and leaking wooden floors are made.

Organization of drainage

Despite the periodic operating mode, it is prohibited to discharge wastewater onto the ground under the bathhouse. It is necessary to collect and dispose of them in a separate septic tank or centralized system drainage.

Depending on the design of the wooden floor, the drain can be organized in the following ways:

It is physically impossible to thermally insulate a leaking floor, so the insulation is laid below a large-format funnel made from the materials discussed above.

Important! Maximum heat loss in floors is observed when there is an underground space in the building, that is, in hanging grillages. Therefore, the floor and sewerage of a pile or columnar high grillage should be insulated without fail.

It is prohibited to discharge bath drains directly onto the ground under this building for the following reasons:

• detergents lead to gradual contamination, not only of one’s own area, but also cause similar troubles for neighbors;
• moisture inevitably accumulates in the backfill cavities and destroys the foundation;
• even with partial replacement of soil with crushed stone/sand, heaving forces sharply increase due to the swelling of clay in a humid environment.

The septic tank must be placed on the site in accordance with the requirements of SP, SanPiN standards at a distance of at least 4 m from the foundation of the bathhouse, and not under its floor. This will improve the quality of service for water treatment chambers, an infiltration well or a field through which clarified water is discharged into the ground for natural purification.

Leaking floor

This option ensures quick drying of the wood and increases the life of the floor covering. Depending on the design of the bathhouse floor, a leaking floor can be constructed in different ways:

A funnel under a leaking floor, collecting liquid, is constructed from the following materials:

Advice! Leaking floor joists are treated with antiseptics or penetrating compounds to increase their service life in a humid environment.

A leaking floor is inconvenient from a hygiene standpoint - large debris inevitably penetrates into the funnel through the wide cracks (for example, broom leaves carried on the body from the steam room), so it is better to make the boards removable. A compromise is made with lattice pallets or fastening boards into special nests.

Another option is flexible board ladders for baths. The board is connected in these structures with a cord or cable; after laying on the logs, such wooden mats retain spatial rigidity. After washing, they can be rolled up and put away to dry.

Flexible wooden ladders for baths.

tongue and groove board

This option is more convenient to use, but moisture takes longer to evaporate and the boards warp when dry. A non-leakage floor can be made using joists laid on a floor slab or floor on the ground, or beams wooden floor. Therefore, the design of the drain unit is different:

There is no constant heating in the bathhouse, so insulation under the floor is necessary solely to reduce the time it takes to reach steam mode and increase operating comfort.

Selecting a drain unit

The periodic operating mode of the bath causes the water seal inside the classic bottle or U-shaped siphon to dry out. Therefore, in these outbuildings, dry drains of several types are more often used:

When installing a dry drain, harmful gases will not be able to penetrate from the septic tank through the pipes external sewerage into the bathhouse, relieving users of the smell of hydrogen sulfide and methane.

Attention: Natural ventilation under wooden floor covering provided with decorative hatches (2 pieces per room are enough) and cuts in the joists. Hatches are located diagonally, decorated with gratings, usually located under shelves and benches.

Thus, in wooden floors You can install a sewer drain yourself. For most of these outbuilding projects, there are at least two options, allowing you to choose the most economical one. The best option There will be a floor on the ground with a leaking floor laid on joists.

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