Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - design and installation of a hanging system. How to install a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware Ventilated facades made of suspended tiles
To reliably protect a building from the effects of weather factors, a ventilated curtain façade made of porcelain stoneware is increasingly being used. With its help, the appearance of the building is improved, heat saving is increased, and good temperature regulation is ensured. The design is a complex system, the functionality and durability of which depends on precise adherence to the technology for installing a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware.
This type of curtain wall consists of a frame and cladding, the role of which is performed by porcelain stoneware. In rare cases, tiles made of natural stone, metal or plastic are installed instead. The frame is made of a metal profile attached to the wall, onto which porcelain stoneware is hung. The structure is assembled using a guide profile, brackets, anchors, inserts and rivets, and when assembled it consists of the following elements:
- Metal profile frame.
- Thermal insulation material.
- Vapor barrier and ventilation gap.
- External cladding.
Preparatory work
Before starting work, the vertical and horizontal deviations of the plane on which the work will be carried out are checked with a plumb line or theodolite. This will let you know where shortened or extended brackets will be needed. Marks are made on the location of the cladding on the wall, taking into account the thickness of the seams, which will allow you to approximately calculate the consumption of the tiles.
There is a zero mark for the building so that you can use it to guide you when checking the horizontal seam on the façade cladding. Vertical axes equal to the size of the tile plus the thickness of the seam are broken down.
Subsystem
Installation of the structure begins with the installation of brackets. This is the most loaded part of the system, and the stability of the entire structure depends on the strength of its fit. It consists of a fixed part, attached to the wall through a gasket, and a movable part, where a vertical profile is mounted. The parts are bolted together through an oblong hole in the moving part, which serves to adjust the length.
The second type of bracket is a movable corner bracket; it is assembled in the same way as a simple one and is attached to the outer corners. The choice of the length of these parts depends on the unevenness of the wall and the thickness of the insulation layer. If the length of the bracket is more than 1100 mm, use a reinforcing washer installed under the anchor. A thermal break plate must be placed under the bracket itself.
Almost always the walls of a building are uneven. But installation of panels requires a leveled plane, for this:
- Two brackets are nailed upper corners buildings and plumb lines are thrown.
- A cord is pulled between the brackets to check the curvature of the wall, and it is measured relative to this indicator.
- The brackets are aligned with the plumb line vertically and along the length of the overhang while simultaneously fastening them to the wall. This creates an even vertical on one side of the wall. The same operation is repeated on the other side.
- The remaining fasteners are mounted in the resulting plane. The first row is mounted 50-60 cm above ground level, so that a subbase is placed in this place, which is recessed to a depth of 2.5 cm.
- The distance between the brackets in the horizontal and vertical directions is specified by the design and depends on the type of system.
- For the lower subbase, additional brackets are installed in a horizontal position.
Porcelain stoneware façade installation diagram
Thermal insulation installation technology
After attaching the brackets, begin installing the insulation. For this:
- Under the brackets, holes are cut in the insulating material board through which the metal parts pass out. After placing the insulation, the cracks are sealed with pieces of material used for insulation.
- Placement of thermal insulation boards on the wall and their fixation with special fasteners with wide caps. The joint between the slabs must be filled.
If the insulation needs to be placed in two layers, it is unacceptable to combine the seams. At the corners, the slabs overlap, completely covering the corner.
After installing the insulation, the facade is protected from the penetration of moisture and wind by a breathable vapor barrier film, which does not let moisture in, but allows it to evaporate from the insulation. From above and from the side it is folded between the insulation and the wall. It is fixed using insulation fasteners with a consumption rate of 5 pcs/m². At the junction, the lower layer overlaps 10 cm under the upper layer to prevent draining condensate from getting inside. All overlaps are pierced with insulation fasteners.
Installation of vertical profile
Parts of the vertical profile are divided into 3 types:
- T-shaped, for slab joints;
- L-shaped, for the middle of the slab;
- Corner profile, placed on the openings of windows and doors, and corners of the building.
Before starting installation, pay attention to the joint of the vertical profile. It should not be allowed to be docked on the bracket. This is done between the brackets using a mounting rail. The connection must be secured with all rivets.
Fastening porcelain stoneware
Ceramic slabs are fastened using clamps, which come in four types:
- Single clamp side;
- Double-clamp side;
- Double-clamp upper and lower;
- Four-clamp.
A sealing gasket is inserted between the tile and the clamp. If you install it without it, there will be no rigidity of fastening. The procedure for fixing tiles is as follows:
- According to the previously applied mark relative to the “zero”, the first clamp is set, and through drilled hole connected by riveting.
- A tile is placed on it, and the next one is attached to it. All other tiles are installed using this principle.
- Installation of slopes and ebbs that go under the tiles. Fire cut-offs must be installed.
A ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware is a reliable, practical and durable type of exterior covering. At the same time, its installation is complicated, which will not allow a person without experience to carry out all the operations without qualified outside help. High-quality work is impossible without phased implementation the entire installation process in full accordance with design documents by experienced specialists.
Installation of a ventilation facade made of porcelain stoneware: subsystems, thermal insulation and fastening of porcelain stoneware
Details about the installation of a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware. Fastening technology and operating principle of the system.
How to properly install a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs
In many modern countries A popular ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is a system complex of mechanical cladding, consisting of many components. It was developed to combine aesthetics and high thermal efficiency of the external façade together.
Essentially, this is a cladding secured with cross members and racks made of galvanized rolled stock or aluminum alloy. There is an air layer between the surface of the building and the cladding. Often it is filled with insulation - thermal insulation material. The advantage of such a system is that the insulation does not come into contact with the external environment, which is why the entire building has high energy saving rates. In this article we will look at the technology for its installation.
Components of a ventilation façade
The complexity of the system lies in the multilayer cladding for the ventilation façade; for each layer there are instructions for correct installation. Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware and their installation technology include the installation of the following components:
- Leveling layer.
- Thermal insulation layer is created by attaching panels made of foamed plastic, mineral and plant fibers to the wall.
- An air layer 5–7 cm thick is designed to ensure that the hinged ventilated façade inside is provided with air circulation (ventilation).
- Fastening system for fastening porcelain tiles - attached to the wall using dowels, metal structure. If you need to attach porcelain tiles, then it will consist of vertical and horizontal profiles.
- Fastening device - open (clamps that, after installation on the structure, partially peek out from it) or closed - steel inserts attached at the intersection of the crossbars with the racks - fastening system.
- External cladding.
- Joint system.
Advantages of porcelain stoneware
Let's take a closer look at the advantages of porcelain stoneware. When choosing a suitable material for cladding, attention is drawn to the fact that it must protect the building from the negative influence of the external environment; let’s not forget such a detail as its appearance after the work has been carried out. Porcelain tiles have the following properties:
- aesthetic appeal;
- fireproof;
- fire resistance;
- ease of maintenance;
- weather resistance;
- low water absorption;
- bending resistance, increased strength;
- low thermal conductivity;
- easy replacement of individual parts.
Thanks to them, a curtain wall façade made of porcelain stoneware is more optimal than a façade made of other building materials.
Installation of facade made of porcelain stoneware
In general, the installation of such facades is not an easy task, and the installation of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware must be carried out by specialists. The right technology The installation of a porcelain stoneware façade has six stages. They must be completed in a clear sequence and follow the recommendations of specialists.
First stage: preparation
You need to understand that a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs is a complex system complex, so the engineers took the trouble to compile a list preparatory work, the procedure of which is fixed by law in regulatory requirements"Organization of construction production."
First of all, you need to think about the safety of life, the health of people passing by the building and your workers. For this:
- the boundaries of the risk zone are marked at a distance of 3 meters from the building;
- all materials and the place for collecting structures are placed only inside this zone;
- in difficult weather conditions, postpone installation;
“Remember! Strong wind and low temperature means that you will have to install a ventilated porcelain stoneware façade later, when the weather is good.”
- adhere to SNiP III – 4–80 as closely as possible.
Such advice relates more to work with multi-storey structures, but when installing a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade in your home, it is also advisable to follow safety precautions so as not to harm yourself or the residents.
Stage two: identifying points for installing brackets
To mark the installation locations of the brackets, carefully study the technical documentation - it must be done strictly according to the project developed by the engineers. It is carried out in two stages:
- Lines for beacons are determined:
Lower horizontal - their extreme points are determined by a level and marked with indelible paint. Using a laser level and tape measure, intermediate points for the brackets are marked. The two extreme vertical ones along the facade - plumb lines descend from the parapet and along extreme points horizontal lines are drawn vertical.
- The installation points of the brackets are marked with indelible paint.
Third stage: installation
Instructions for mounting brackets:
- Use a hammer drill and make holes in the wall.
- Install the paronite gasket.
- Install the support brackets using a dowel and a screwdriver.
Fourth stage: thermal insulation and wind-hydroprotection
At this stage of installation of a ventilated porcelain stoneware facade system, the following work is performed:
- The insulation board is hung through the slots.
- The wind and waterproof membrane panels are hung and temporarily secured. “Remember! When installing ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware, maintain an overlap of at least 100 mm."
- Drill holes through it in the wall to install disc dowels;
- Mount the slabs on the starting profile or base;
- Hang the slabs from bottom to top horizontally in a checkerboard pattern, trimming them as necessary; “Remember! You need to make sure that there are no gaps between the slabs.”
- In the case of two-layer insulation, two or more disc-shaped dowels are fixed to the slab, and the slabs are fastened in the same way as single-layer insulation.
Fifth stage: installation of guides
Installation of vertical guide profiles on adjusting brackets:
- The profiles are installed on support and load-bearing brackets;
- Using rivets, the profiles are fixed to the supporting brackets;
- Fire stops are installed.
Stage six: cladding
Installation of porcelain tiles for ventilated facades is carried out in the following order:
- Using an electric drill, holes for the clasps are marked.
- Following the drawings, install the clasps. Use rivets to attach to the frame. For installation, use self-tapping screws.
At the same time, the installation of porcelain stoneware is done in one of the following ways:
- without a noticeable seam - porcelain stoneware is attached with a horizontal cut to the façade to two guides. In addition, it will reduce the load;
- with a noticeable seam - in comparison with the previous one, easier to execute.
In general, installing a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware is not an easy job. But if you follow the installation procedure and do not deviate from the project developed by the engineers, the porcelain stoneware facade will reliably protect the building from heat loss and other possible threats from the outside.
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology
How to properly install a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware slabs? Advantages and disadvantages of a porcelain stoneware ventilated facade.
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology
- For many decades, engineering and construction thought have been looking for the best way to protect facade walls from the harmful effects of moisture. The result of a long search was the development of ventilated facade technology with a porcelain stoneware finish. Generally, this technology includes a whole series of works, the principles of which we will try to understand in our conversation today.
The technology for constructing ventilated facades is quite complex and does not tolerate free interpretations of certain principles underlying it. When constructing such a facade, one must strictly adhere to those rules and standards, the implementation of which is required according to the technology.
Installation of a ventilated curtain-type facade using finishing in the form of porcelain stoneware slabs
Stage No. 1 – Preparatory
To erect a ventilated façade, a number of preparatory works are required. Moreover, all work should be carried out in a certain order, which is recorded in the relevant requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service for the organization of any construction production.
The preparatory stage should include the following steps:
- the border should be marked construction work at a distance of about three meters from the walls along the entire perimeter of the building;
- All materials necessary for construction and finishing work should be placed on this site;
- here you should also equip a place for work related to assembly and installation frame structure;
- in unfavorable weather conditions, any construction and finishing work should be completely excluded.
Read also about finishing the facade with putty in addition to this material.
This spectrum preparatory activities more relevant for cladding multi-storey buildings. However, it is necessary to adhere to them when arranging the facade of a one-story private house - this approach will serve as a guarantee of safety for you and your household from any force majeure situations and surprises.
Stage No. 2 – Marking walls for installation of fasteners
Before you begin constructing a frame structure, you should make precise markings on the walls of the house in those places where the support and load-bearing mounting brackets will be installed, onto which the ventilated system itself will be fixed. In this case, you must adhere to the developed design and technical documentation.
Marking should be done in several stages:
- First, you should mark beacon lines: a horizontal line along the bottom edge of the facade and 2 vertical lines along the edges of the wall.
- Using paint along the drawn lines, draw all the points in those places where it is planned to install supporting and load-bearing fasteners-brackets on the last vertical lines.
Stage No. 3 – Fixing fasteners-brackets on the walls of the house
The brackets should be fixed according to the instructions for installing the ventilated façade. First you need to drill holes in the wall - this should be done using a hammer drill. Then paronite gaskets should be installed in the resulting holes. Installation of load-bearing type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowel anchors.
Stage No. 4. – Gasket heat-insulating material and organization of protection from wind and moisture
At this stage, the following manipulations should be performed:
- the insulation is “hung” directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the supporting brackets;
- A moisture-proof membrane film should be hung over the insulation layer and temporarily fixed. Adjacent strips of moisture-proof film should be overlapped and secured, with the edge of one strip overlapping the other by at least 10 cm.
- through the film and insulation, drill holes in the wall of the building to install dowel plates;
- install the heat-insulating material - this work should start from the lowest row (starting profile or building base) and move upward;
- heat-insulating boards should be laid end-to-end, without leaving through gaps or cracks;
- if the need arises, you can trim the heat-insulating boards using a hand saw with a fine tooth;
If according to the project, it is required install thermal insulation material in two layers, then you need to do it as follows:
- the bottom layer of insulation is attached to the wall using dowel plates; in this case, each layer of insulation must be secured with at least two dowels;
- The top layer of insulation should be mounted in a checkerboard pattern and also secured using dowel plates.
Stage No. 5 – Installation of guides
At this stage, installation should be carried out vertical profiles to load-bearing brackets. For this purpose you need:
- install and fix metal profiles in the corresponding grooves of the supporting fasteners-brackets;
- Using rivets, secure the metal guides to the supporting fasteners-brackets.
In those support brackets that can be adjusted, the profile is installed freely, without tightening. This ensures that the profile does not deform during sudden temperature changes.
In those places where adjacent vertical guides join, a small gap should be made (7-10 mm). This is done for the same purpose - to avoid deformation of the guides as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature.
In addition, at this stage it is advisable to fix the cutoffs, serving to prevent fire (you should learn more about their installation from professionals).
Stage 6 – Finishing ventilated facade with porcelain tiles
The ventilated façade should be finished with porcelain tiles in strict accordance with the project documentation. This needs to be done in several stages:
- With help electric drill drill holes in metal profile(holes are marked in accordance with the project documentation);
- Insert clamps into the drilled holes and securely fix them with self-tapping screws to the frame profile.
Be sure to study the tips for installing a ventilated façade made of porcelain stoneware and get other answers to similar questions.
Installation of porcelain tiles can be carried out in two ways - with a seam visible to the eye and without it ( We recommend studying the article on application façade porcelain tiles within of this material ). The first option is much simpler to implement, the second is more complex, but the result will be more aesthetically attractive.
The seamless installation method is as follows: the tile is fixed to two adjacent profiles using a horizontal cut. In this case, the load on the frame is significantly reduced.
In conclusion, let's summarize
Constructing a ventilated curtain-type façade yourself is a rather complex process. However, if you approach the matter in strict accordance with project documentation and follow all the recommendations step by step, you can achieve an ideal result without resorting to the help of professional builders and finishers.
Properly executed façade finishing with porcelain tiles will reliably protect your home from all adverse natural factors. long years! Good luck with your work!
Installation technology for a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware: installation technology For many decades, engineering and construction thought has been looking for the optimal way to protect facade walls from harmful
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features
Ventilated facade - technology for installing porcelain stoneware cladding
Ventilated façade – cladding installation technology
The emergence of a system of suspended ventilated facades was due to the fact that there was an urgent need to somehow drain and remove moisture from external walls buildings.
The fact is that moisture negatively affects even fairly durable materials - under its influence biological pests are formed, chemical oxidation reactions are activated, etc.
Installing ventilated facades completely solves all such problems - the technology works due to the formation of a layer of air between the facing material and the wall. Since such air has a different pressure than the air outside, natural circulation, which removes moisture and prevents gas stagnation.
Design and features of ventilated systems
Installation of hinged ventilated facades involves the sequential creation of a multi-layer structure, which we will consider below:
- The load-bearing walls of the building - all the upper layers will rest on them - this fact alone creates the need to find out in advance whether the facade will withstand the entire load. The survey will include identifying all deviations from verticals and horizontals, identifying the need for additional strengthening, identifying the degree of wear of wall components, etc.
bracket L-shaped for installation of sheathing guides
Fastening clamp open type for installation of porcelain stoneware
It is recommended to use mineral wool as thermal insulation for private buildings.
Preparatory activities before installation of cladding
The technology for installing a ventilated facade involves the sequential installation of all of the above elements. However, before the main installation work, a number of preparatory works need to be carried out.
Since the profile for ventilated facades must be installed on a relatively flat surface, the first step is to level the surface of the walls.
To do this, the surface of the walls is cleaned of paint, peeling plaster, putty and other similar materials. Delaminations are cleaned in such a way that the installation of brackets does not lead to the detachment of wall fragments.
The evenness of the facade subsystem is ensured by leveling deviations from the level using putty. This way the entire structure installed on top will not warp. In addition, the heat insulator will fit tightly to the wall, which is extremely important.
Before leveling, all traces of biological pests such as beetles, mold, fungi, etc. are removed. After this, the facade is treated with special antifungal and insecticidal impregnations.
Thus, when planning your expenses, you need to take into account not only the cost of materials that will be installed on the facade, but also a variety of related materials for preparation, be it putty or various impregnations.
Next, the installation of ventilated facades involves marking for future brackets. For this you can use building level, but many professionals recommend using a plumb line - the vertical can be determined more accurately with its help.
Having sketched vertical lines, taking into account the size of the facade panels, we apply horizontal markings. This completes the main preparatory activities.
Fasteners and insulation
To arrange the sheathing and install porcelain tiles, you may need the following elements
Installation of brackets for facades in accordance with the markings is carried out as follows:
- Holes are drilled using a hammer drill;
- A plastic or paronite gasket is placed under each bracket;
- After the bracket has been installed in the desired location, it is fixed using an anchor (the screw is pressed with a screwdriver);
Installation of insulation is carried out on top of the brackets
The insulation of the ventilated facade is mounted next to the brackets:
- Heat insulation slabs are hung on the wall using slots for brackets;
- Each insulation board is attached to two disc-shaped dowels;
- A special film is hung over the insulation, which has waterproof and windproof properties (each subsequent strip should overlap, covering the previous one by 10 cm);
- Directly through this film, the insulation is attached at the rate of three more dowels for each slab.
Features of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding
General diagram of the arrangement of ventilated porcelain stoneware cladding
The construction of a façade made of porcelain stoneware involves some of its own characteristics due to the mass of the facing material.
So, in this case it is desirable to use an aluminum subsystem for facades. If the requirements for the material are not so strict (unless it must be a corrosion-resistant metal), then the method of installing the frame should include both the construction of vertical posts and the installation of horizontal crossbars.
Vertical elements are mounted on brackets, horizontal ones - on special racks.
Otherwise, the installation of a porcelain stoneware facade is practically no different from the installation of any other curtain wall. The only point concerns the fact that fasteners for heavy ventilated structures can be installed more often, and the pitch of the frame can also be made narrower.
This measure saves the curtain panels from harsh climatic conditions, be it strong winds or even unfavorable conditions in terms of seismic activity.
Technology of installation and installation of cladding
Having completed all the preparatory work on cleaning and leveling the surface, you can begin installing the ventilated facade - let’s look at the further installation technology in more detail.
Facade installation technology involves the installation of guides.
Installation of the sheathing is carried out in strict sequence
So, fastening vertical profiles includes the following steps:
- Attaching profiles to load-bearing elements using rivets. There is no need to place rivets on the control brackets - this is done to compensate for micro-movements that occur as a result of temperatures;
- To compensate for temperature deformations, one more detail is made: in the places where the profiles join vertically, gaps of 0.8 to 1 cm are left.
- Fire stops are being installed.
Now everything is ready to install the cladding itself. Please note that the complete process of installing facades is described in the instructions - some points differ from material to material.
In any case, long panels or rectangular slabs will be attached to the frame using screws or clamps.
Installation of porcelain tiles on pre-mounted clamps
Let us describe the process for installing porcelain tile cladding:
- The holes for installing clamps are marked.
- In accordance with the markings, holes are made with an electric drill. The diameter is chosen to be 0.2 mm larger than the diameter of the rivet.
- Clamps are installed, which are then secured with rivets. At the same stage, the porcelain tile itself is installed. Self-tapping screws are used to attach tiles to the frame.
If you want to know in more detail how the installation of ventilated facades is done, it shows all the incomprehensible points. It should be noted that self-installation should be carried out only after a thorough study of the installation technology of the purchased cladding.
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features - Easy
Ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware - installation technology and installation features Ventilated facade - technology for installing porcelain stoneware cladding Ventilated facade - technology
Stage No. 1 - Preparatory
To erect a ventilated façade, a number of preparatory works are required. Moreover, all work should be carried out in a certain order, which is recorded in the relevant requirements of the sanitary and epidemiological service for the organization of any construction production.
Read also the article about and find answers to your questions.
The preparatory stage should include the following steps:
- the boundary of construction work should be marked at a distance of about three meters from the walls along the entire perimeter of the building;
- All materials necessary for construction and finishing work should be placed on this site;
- here you should also equip a place for work related to the assembly and installation of the frame structure;
- in unfavorable weather conditions, any construction and finishing work should be completely excluded.
Read also about in addition to this material.
This range of preparatory measures is more relevant for cladding multi-storey buildings. However, it is necessary to adhere to them when arranging the facade of a one-story private house - this approach will serve as a guarantee of safety for you and your household from any force majeure situations and surprises.
Stage No. 2 - Marking walls for installation of fasteners
Before you begin constructing a frame structure, you should make precise markings on the walls of the house in those places where the support and load-bearing mounting brackets will be installed, onto which the ventilated system itself will be fixed. In this case, you must adhere to the developed design and technical documentation.
Marking should be done in several stages:
- First, you should mark beacon lines: a horizontal line along the bottom edge of the facade and 2 vertical lines along the edges of the wall.
- Using paint along the drawn lines, draw all the points in those places where it is planned to install supporting and load-bearing fasteners-brackets on the last vertical lines.
Stage No. 3 - Fixing fasteners-brackets on the walls of the house
The brackets should be fixed according to the instructions for installing the ventilated façade. First you need to drill holes in the wall - this should be done using a hammer drill. Then paronite gaskets should be installed in the resulting holes. Installation of load-bearing type brackets is carried out using a screwdriver and dowel anchors.
Stage No. 4. - Laying heat-insulating material and organizing protection from wind and moisture
At this stage, the following manipulations should be performed:
- the insulation is “hung” directly on the wall of the building through the slots for the supporting brackets;
- A moisture-proof membrane film should be hung over the insulation layer and temporarily fixed. Adjacent strips of moisture-proof film should be overlapped and secured, with the edge of one strip overlapping the other by at least 10 cm.
- through the film and insulation, drill holes in the wall of the building to install dowel plates;
- install the heat-insulating material - this work should start from the lowest row (starting profile or building base) and move upward;
- heat-insulating boards should be laid end-to-end, without leaving through gaps or cracks;
- if the need arises, you can trim the heat-insulating boards using a hand saw with a fine tooth;
If according to the project, it is required install thermal insulation material in two layers, then you need to do it as follows:
- the bottom layer of insulation is attached to the wall using dowel plates; in this case, each layer of insulation must be secured with at least two dowels;
- The top layer of insulation should be mounted in a checkerboard pattern and also secured using dowel plates.
Stage No. 5 - Installation of guides
At this stage, installation should be carried out vertical profiles to load-bearing brackets. For this purpose you need:
- install and fix metal profiles in the corresponding grooves of the supporting fasteners-brackets;
- Using rivets, secure the metal guides to the supporting fasteners-brackets.
In those support brackets that can be adjusted, the profile is installed freely, without tightening. This ensures that the profile does not deform during sudden temperature changes.
In those places where adjacent vertical guides join, a small gap should be made (7-10 mm). This is done for the same purpose - to avoid deformation of the guides as a result of seasonal fluctuations in temperature.
In addition, at this stage it is advisable to fix the cutoffs, serving to prevent fire (you should learn more about their installation from professionals).
Stage 6 - Finishing of the ventilated facade with porcelain tiles
The ventilated façade should be finished with porcelain tiles in strict accordance with the project documentation. This needs to be done in several stages:
- Using an electric drill, drill holes in the metal profile (the holes are marked in accordance with the project documentation);
- Insert clamps into the drilled holes and securely fix them with self-tapping screws to the frame profile.
Be sure to explore and get other answers to similar questions.
Video story telling in detail about the installation of porcelain tiles on a curtain wall
Installation of porcelain tiles can be done in two ways - with a seam visible to the eye and without it ( We recommend reading the article about
A ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware allows you to successfully solve a whole range of problems that arise when cladding the walls of buildings:
- Protects against dampness - the ventilation gap makes it possible to create air circulation under the cladding, remove accumulated moisture, and prevent the occurrence of fungus;
- gives the building a respectable appearance;
- allows you to effectively insulate a building - timely removal of moisture does not allow the insulation to become damp and freeze.
In this article I want to look at the features and nuances of constructing a porcelain stoneware façade.
Design features of the ventilation façade
Ventilated facades made of porcelain stoneware consist of four components:
- Frame, which is installed directly on façade wall building;
- Insulation and waterproofing;
- Porcelain stoneware cladding;
- Additional nodes and elements.
Frame
The frame is intended for fastening porcelain stoneware slabs to the walls of a building. It consists of a system of guide profiles and fasteners; installation is carried out on a load-bearing wall using dowel-nails or anchor bolts.
The profile for porcelain tiles is made of stainless steel or aluminum alloys, and comes in two types - horizontal and vertical.
Wall-mounted fasteners are a system of brackets, the installation of which is carried out by fastening to the wall and supporting frame. Special design brackets makes it possible to adjust the size of the gap between the wall and porcelain stoneware. Thanks to this, on the one hand, it is possible to more effectively ventilate the interior space, and on the other, to level out unevenness of wall surfaces.
Insulation and waterproofing
The technology for installing a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware involves the creation of thermal insulation and waterproofing layers. The following materials are most often used for external insulation of a building:
- Expanded polystyrene sheets;
- Plates from mineral wool;
- Polyurethane foam.
The table below provides comparative characteristics of the thermal conductivity of various thermal insulation and structural building materials.
Installation of the ventilated facade cake is carried out according to the following scheme:
- Internal vapor-waterproofing layer located between the concrete or brick surface and thermal insulation;
- Insulation layer;
- The outer layer of waterproofing laid on top of the insulation;
- An air gap used to ventilate the space under the facade;
- Porcelain stoneware cladding.
Decorative porcelain tiles
Porcelain tiles are composite material, made from a mixture of clay, quartz, feldspar and, if necessary, various pigments. All components are thoroughly mixed, pressed and fired in high-temperature ovens.
Table 1. Comparative characteristics porcelain stoneware and ceramic tiles.
There are several types of porcelain tiles on sale:
Facades are most often installed using glazed tiles, due to their high aesthetic qualities; matte satin porcelain tiles are less commonly used.
The main difference between tiles for a ventilated facade and tiles for interior work consists of the requirements placed on it. She must:
The linear dimensions and shape of the slabs can vary significantly. Facade porcelain tiles 600x600 mm are the most common option. It has an acceptable weight, and the equal length of the sides simplifies the marking and installation of frame guides.
Table 2. Requirements for the quality of porcelain stoneware for ventilated facades.
Additional nodes and elements
Additional components include various sealing materials and additional elements: gaskets made of paronite or rubber for installation under fasteners, decorative inserts for sealing joints between tiles. Inserts can be made of aluminum or polymers - polyurethane, polyvinyl chloride, etc.
Installation techniques
There are two technologies for installing ventilated porcelain stoneware facades:
- Hidden fastening method;
- Installation using clamps.
Hidden fastening of porcelain tiles
Hidden fastening of the facade to the frame subsystem is carried out using anchor elements. Option hidden fastening allows you to get the visual effect of a solid wall, without visible joints and seams.
Several installation technologies can be used depending on the frame subsystem used. One option is to use agraph:
Another option is to cut slots on the end part of the tile (either pointwise or along the entire end surface), and then use them to fasten the porcelain stoneware to the profile (see photo below):
This facade fastening scheme makes it possible to obtain a surface with high decorative qualities and ventilate the interior space. At the same time, hidden fastening of porcelain tiles is very labor-intensive - installation time and the total cost of work increase.
Fastening using clasps
Clasps are plates made of stainless steel or duralumin, equipped with curved “legs” into which facing tiles are inserted. The clamps are secured to the frame using self-tapping screws or bolts.
Because this technology is the most widespread (due to its relative simplicity compared to the “hidden” method), we will consider this particular method of finishing buildings with porcelain tiles.
Installation of a ventilated facade
Installation of porcelain stoneware on the facade open method is regulated by the provisions of SNiP No. 3-01-85 and is carried out in several stages:
- Preparing the wall surface;
- Installation of frame fasteners;
- Installation of thermal insulation layer and waterproofing;
- Assembly load-bearing frame;
- Installation of facing tiles.
Preparing the wall
First of all, you should assess the condition of the wall surface - it should be relatively flat, without obvious bumps and depressions. Minor differences from the vertical can be leveled using free movement fastening elements provided by the design. Large defects will need to be corrected with plastering work.
The next step is to mark the surface, which is applied depending on the façade design. The wall is marked for fasteners on which guide profiles will later be installed.
The first marking method can be seen in the following video:
The second marking method involves using laser levels, having both vertical and horizontal adjustment. Work begins from the very bottom of the wall: using a level, a starting line is drawn along the ground. In the same way, in steps equal to height selected porcelain tiles, horizontal lines mark the entire wall.
The brackets must be positioned so that the joints of adjacent slabs fall in the middle of the profile.
Installation of brackets
The brackets should be mounted using a hammer drill and anchor bolts. Particular attention should be paid to the projection of the bracket - it depends on the thickness of the insulation layer (see below). It is necessary that after installing the frame profiles and facing slabs, there should be a ventilation gap of 3-5 cm between the wall and the thermal insulation.
To compensate for heat shrinkage (cycles of compression and expansion under the influence of temperature changes), gaskets made of paronite or dense rubber are installed between the brackets and the wall.
Various options for mounting brackets manufactured by Crospan
Installation of insulation and waterproofing
After installing the fasteners, you can begin installing the vapor barrier and insulation. Isopan or other similar materials are used as a vapor barrier membrane - they allow excess moisture to be removed from the walls, while at the same time preventing it from passing through from the outside.
A layer of insulation is laid on top of the vapor barrier. The thickness of the thermal insulation depends on the thermal conductivity of the material and on the minimum values winter temperatures for this region. Calculation required thickness The heat-protective layer is produced according to the following formula:
R=δ/k, Where
- R – required resistance for a given region;
- δ – thickness of the insulation layer;
- k is the thermal conductivity coefficient of the insulation.
Thermal resistance indicators for various regions of the country are given in the provisions of SNiP No. 230199 on construction climatology, and are given below.
The most often used for façade insulation are:
- Minvata;
- Expanded polystyrene;
- Polyurethane foam.
Mineral wool is supplied to the market in the form of rolls or slabs, which differ in density and thermal conductivity. It is attached to the wall using special plastic mushroom dowels with a wide head.
When using mineral insulation (glass wool, slag wool, basalt slab) it should be remembered that they are very afraid of dampness.
When mineral wool gets wet, it compacts and loses its thermal insulation qualities, which are not restored even after it dries, so the external waterproofing of the insulation should be carefully carried out.
Expanded polystyrene (foam) sheets also have high thermal protection and can be mounted both on dowels and on adhesive solutions. They are laid on a supporting base in 2-3 layers so that the joints of the upper and lower layers do not coincide. To protect against the penetration of drafts, the seams are sealed with sealants.
Polyurethane foam is applied to the wall using special foaming machines in which chemical components are mixed. The advantage of this method is the possibility of obtaining a monolithic seamless layer of thermal insulation. However, compared to mineral wool and polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam is quite expensive: the price is 1 sq.m. insulation can reach 500 - 800 rubles.
According to SNiP standards, minimum thickness thermal insulation layer for various materials should be (without taking into account the thickness of load-bearing walls):
- Mineral wool with a density of 50 kg/m 3 - for the Moscow region - 20 cm, Krasnodar - 15 cm, for Yakutsk - 35 cm;
- Expanded polystyrene with a density of 100 kg/m - for the Moscow region - at least 15 cm, for the Urals, Far East and Southern Siberia– about 20 cm, for Northern Siberia– up to 25 cm;
- Polyurethane with a density of 50 kg/m3. – for the Moscow region – about 8 cm, for the Urals and Southern Siberia – 10-12 cm, for northern regions– 15-18 cm.
Installation of frame profiles
The installation of the frame should begin after the building is completely finished with thermal insulation. Initially, the walls are strengthened on the plane vertical racks. They can be T-shaped, U-shaped or angular. Each type of rack is used for specific purposes - internal and external joints, facing corners, window and door openings.
The main type of vertical profiles are T-shaped, used to create a single, flat plane on the surface of the building being coated. Vertical posts perform the main load-bearing function. Fastening clamps are installed on them, which are used for fastening porcelain stoneware.
As additional strength elements, in some cases, vertical posts are connected to each other by horizontal jumpers, giving additional rigidity to the entire structure.
Cladding with porcelain stoneware slabs
After installing the supporting frame, you can begin installing the facing slabs. Depending on the shape of the tile, the clamps are fastened to the frame profile in such a way that each slab fits exactly into the fastener tabs. The legs of the clamps are made elastic for better fixation of the tiles.
Porcelain tiles should be attached to the wall in horizontal rows, starting from the very bottom of the wall. At corner joints and connections with door and window slopes, the slabs are cut to the required size using a grinder with a diamond wheel.
Possible mistakes
I would like to note a number of typical errors that arise during the work process:
I'll wrap it up here. I am always ready to listen to your wishes and recommendations in the comments.
made of porcelain stoneware - an excellent balance between the functionality of external walls in terms of heat conservation and the aesthetic properties of the finish. The method of finishing facades with porcelain stoneware is extremely common in Russia, primarily due to its affordable cost. Porcelain stoneware can be used to cover the load-bearing walls of any building: residential, commercial, office, industrial. Installation of the ventilation facade system can be done at any time of the year; low air temperature only limits the abilities of the installers and does not affect the system.
Sealed external protection buildings from atmospheric moisture does not solve the problem of condensation of vapors escaping from interior spaces out. We found an interesting way out of this situation. When installing them, a gap is left between the porcelain stoneware finishing of the house and the internal layers of insulation. Convection air currents circulate freely in the resulting space, drawing water vapor from the walls.
Facing the facade with porcelain stoneware provides the building with a presentable appearance and protects it from all types of external weather factors. And its use as the outer layer of a ventilated facade creates favorable conditions for long service life of building structures and the creation of a healthy microclimate in interior spaces.
Porcelain stoneware is an artificial material that is produced from a mixture of crushed natural minerals by pressing at high temperatures. Finishing tiles obtained in this way are distinguished by a uniform structure and have a set of remarkable properties:
- High impact strength, wear resistance, durability.
- Easy to care for. The tiles can be washed and cleaned using any household chemicals. If necessary, it can be easily replaced with a new one.
- Porcelain stoneware cladding imitates various types of natural building stone, giving the building a solid and aesthetic appearance. There is a large variety of this material on the market in all colors and varied textures.
- Immunity to ultraviolet radiation, and sudden temperature changes, frost resistance.
- Fire safety and environmental cleanliness.
- Low cost.
Installation procedure for a ventilated façade with porcelain stoneware finishing
If we are talking about the reconstruction of the building, then preparatory stage loose pieces are removed from the wall old cladding. There is no need to level the surface, since it will be hidden by the finishing of the porcelain stoneware façade. The ability of load-bearing structures to withstand additional loads is assessed. Everything is imported necessary materials. The territory is fenced.
If the installation of a porcelain stoneware façade will be carried out at a height, then scaffolding or cradles. The wall is marked for installation of brackets clearly in accordance with the project. The standard pitch of vertical guides for porcelain stoneware is 600mm, even if the board is 1200mm wide. The system pitch can be shortened at corners, under windows, and wherever trimming of porcelain slabs is required.
Exist different types systems depending on the metal used in the design:
- galvanized;
- aluminum;
- stainless steel
Used in galvanized systems vertical-horizontal installation method. This means that in addition to vertical guides, horizontal ones will also be used. Connecting to each other, the guides form a cage on the facade, where the cell is 600*600mm. This is convenient for installers, because it is possible to shift left/right.
When the system is vertically positioned, the possibility of moving the tile is limited by the permissible method of moving the clamp relative to the top flange of the profile. The clasp can be moved, but the main condition for the permissibility of such a unit is that each clasp must be secured with at least two rivets diagonally in the upper and lower holes.
Installers should be limited in making independent decisions regarding the layout of porcelain tiles on the façade. The interests of the owner of the building and the contractor are different; the aesthetic appearance is important to the owner, and the layout must be agreed with him. We are talking about a project for a curtain wall façade with porcelain tiles; the project is a must. The project defines the layout and location of each structural unit.
If you do not plan to carry out a curtain façade project on a building, it is easier to use a galvanized system, laying out and cutting the tiles after the fact. If the building is expert, you need a project.
In most cases, porcelain stoneware is installed in horizontal rows. To do this, using a level, you need to draw a lower starting line on the wall parallel to the zero mark and determine the exact location of the corners. In the future, tiles will be installed from them, but to do this, the frame must be correctly placed under it in advance.
When manufacturing a ventilated facade from porcelain stoneware, the installation technology must be observed in accordance with the Album Technical Solutions and a project for the facade. Album of technical solutions - a set of standard components acceptable for use on a specific system. The album of technical solutions is approved by the FAA Federal Central Service when issuing a Technical Certificate for the system; each certified manufacturer has it.
In accordance with the markings made, they are installed on the wall through paronite gaskets. They are secured with anchor dowels, which should go into the concrete or masonry by at least 5-6 centimeters. It is necessary to carry out anchor pullout tests in advance in order to select an acceptable anchor in accordance with the loads transmitted to the attachment point.
A profile made of galvanized steel, stainless steel or aluminum is attached to the supporting brackets using self-tapping screws or rivets. In this case, two mandatory conditions must be met:
- the upper flanges of the profiles form a perfectly flat plane for correct fastening porcelain stoneware on the facade;
- Between the layers of cladding and thermal protection, space is left for natural ventilation;
- Depending on the project, the profile is installed in vertical rows or forms a lattice of the correct shape.
Insulation in suspended structures
Installation of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware usually requires the presence of a continuous layer of insulation. For this purpose, mineral wool mats with a density of at least 80 kg/m3 are used. They are pressed against the wall with disc-shaped dowels. Each mat has five dowels: four in the corners and one in the center. Outside on them. It allows water vapor to pass through and prevents weathering. thermal insulation material rising air currents. You can use two-layer. The bottom layer of basalt insulation can be of lower density - from 50 kg/m3. With two-layer insulation, each subsequent insulation slab is laid on the previous one, overlapping the joints. This ensures maximum heat retention in the building.
Visible and hidden method of fastening porcelain tiles
There are three ways to attach porcelain tiles:
- The visible method is a clamp;
- The hidden method is through a German Keil bolt;
- The hidden method is to use clamps in the side cuts of the slab.
What clamps to use for porcelain tiles
The visible method is the most common, the clamp legs hold the plate with outside. To give the cladding a more organic look, the facade clamp is painted in the color of the porcelain stoneware. From a distance of several meters, visible elements become difficult to distinguish and merge with the cladding. Therefore, the method is very common.
Use clamps for ventilated facades with a rustication limiter or with multi-directional legs, so the rustications will be perfect even after decades.
Rust in porcelain stoneware is the distance between the cladding slabs. The distance is determined by the clamp used. Only in, when facing with porcelain stoneware, it is possible to use clasps with a horizontal rustication of 4-5mm. The use of these clamps on aluminum subsystems is prohibited, because it is possible to extrude the tiles due to climatic thermal expansion of the aluminum guides. Standard rust in aluminum systems: 6..8mm.
Regardless of the system used, it is permitted to use exclusively stainless steel clamps with a thickness of at least 1.2 mm. Such a clamp cannot cost less than 18 rubles. And you still have to manage to find such a price.
Facade fasteners for porcelain stoneware: German Keil bolt
The method of hidden fastening came to us from Germany. A Keil bolt is a bolt and anchor that is attached to a trapezoidal hole with reverse side porcelain stoneware slabs. Thus, there are no visible elements on the outside of the cladding.
The frame of the system in the case of a hidden method of fastening the cladding is vertical-horizontal. Fastening of porcelain tiles to the facade is ensured through special hooks - agrafs. The detailed installation process looks like this:
In the workshop, on a special machine, a trapezoidal hole is drilled from the back side of the slab using a diamond-coated drill. The hole needs to be blown out.
Install the anchor inside the hole. The bolt is the second fastening element; it is screwed into the anchor. At the same time, the anchor expands downward at the base. The principle is similar to a butterfly-type furniture fastening, when one element is screwed in and a second fastening element is attracted to it. The adequacy of the tightening is checked with a measuring device. The measuring device is a flat stainless probe; it should fit tightly between the anchor washer and the porcelain stoneware slab, but not fall out without effort. This means that between the anchor bolt and the porcelain stoneware there must be minimum distance. The measuring device, special diamond-coated drills and the drilling machine itself with water cooling, table and rollers are produced by a German company that has a patent for the Keil anchor bolt.
The anchor reliably attaches the hook - agraf to the porcelain stoneware slab. Then the agraphs act as a hook, which is hung on horizontal guides. There are three types of agrafs: the upper fixed, adjustable agraf, the upper fixed but not adjustable agraf, and the lower non-fixed, non-adjustable agraf. The agraf is fixed with a rivet to the horizontal profile; the fastening prevents the cladding from being torn off by gusts of wind. The agraf is adjusted using a special adjusting bolt. Adjustment is necessary to catch all the cladding slabs on one plane. The lower agrafs are not fixed, they are needed only as an element of additional fastening and work for tearing.
There is no need to dwell in detail on the installation of the substructure, because The location of the brackets and the pitch of the guides are determined by the project, and are not specific in the case of installation of porcelain stoneware. We only note that horizontal guides must have a branched cross-section in order to withstand significant loads. As a rule, there are two horizontal guides per slab of porcelain stoneware - for the upper and lower tiles. Agraph, standard, four per slab 600*600mm.
The method is expensive, labor-intensive, and requires a special drilling machine. A machine with a table costs about ten thousand euros. Price of one anchor bolt Keil approximately 1.8..2 euros. Plus drills, a measuring device. The cost of one square meter of the subsystem is higher, because the metal consumption, due to the horizontal profile, is greater. Only specialized contractors can carry out work on the hidden method of fixing porcelain tiles.
The main thing is a presentable, chic and “expensive” facade, which very few can afford. Such a facade will favorably distinguish your building from other buildings. The choice, of course, is yours.
Hidden method - using clamps in the side cuts of the slab
The method of installing the system will not differ in any way from the visible method, with the exception of one feature. In case of hidden fastening, a different clamp will be needed. The clamp legs of the hidden fastening are installed in the side cut of the porcelain stoneware, and thus remain in the thickness of the slab. That's why the method is called hidden.
The method is highly certified because the beautiful method hides its unreliability. The thickness of porcelain stoneware for this method must be at least 12mm. However, 12mm thick porcelain tiles are difficult to find and more expensive. Therefore, even for this method, as a rule, a 10mm plate is used. Disadvantages of the hidden method using a side cut in porcelain stoneware:
- when cutting a hole on the side of 10mm porcelain stoneware, a lot of chips appear - you need to lay a lot of waste along the cladding;
- Water will accumulate in the upper cuts. Expanding when converted into ice, the water will cause chipping and the slab may fall out. To prevent this, coat the hole with sealant. The sealant is not safe from a fire point of view and its service life is shorter than that of the NVF system.
- This method is certified for buildings up to 45 meters high. In fact, it is permissible to use it up to two floors and it is better if the building is not expert.
On the other hand, you get a beautiful expensive look for a very affordable price. The owner is a gentleman.
Subsystem for ventilation façade made of porcelain stoneware
Components of a ventilated facade made of porcelain stoneware
For each system there is an Album of Technical Solutions, which contains full list nodes per system developed by the manufacturer. But to get acquainted with some of the nodes, let's consider the options. 
Junction points of porcelain tiles, distances between tiles, external corner and other.
In custody…
Porcelain stoneware can be used to create a variety of designs. Traditional way involves laying slabs of the same color and size in a continuous array, highlighting the base or corners with panels of a different color. Shifting rows horizontally gives the effect brickwork. Sometimes it is diversified with colored inserts in random order. Combined use of façade elements having various sizes and shape, allows you to create complex compositions. Rectangular panels can be laid in a parquet pattern.
If you are thinking about how to clad a building, do not waste time going through numerous options. The use of ventilated facade technology with porcelain stoneware finishing will make any building not only beautiful, but also cozy and durable.
Developers erecting capital buildings in Moscow for various purposes, give preference to facing vertical wall surfaces with facades made of porcelain stoneware. High mechanical strength, resistance to temperature changes, ease of installation - this is an incomplete list of a decorative layer made of a material that has superior properties to natural stone.
Porcelain stoneware segments are fixed to an aluminum subsystem, which is secured with brackets to the wall surface. Depending on the installation method, the tile sections are pre-treated or mounted with special steel fasteners. The production technology of decorative elements ensures high bending strength and minimal ability to absorb moisture.
Manufacturing Features
Manufacturers artificial stone, of which porcelain slabs are a type, use several types of raw materials. Finished products consist of:
- quartz sand, which is the framework for future segments;
- refractory clay, which is the basis of the press powder;
- several types of plastic clays that contain a high percentage of kaolin, a mineral added to obtain high strength;
- feldspar (forms a glassy phase, reduces the baking temperature);
- coloring pigments containing metal oxides (cobalt, iron, chromium);
- in some cases - engobe, liquid clay, the coating of which protects mounting surface slabs, levels it;
- electrolyte - to enhance the fluidity of slip, clay suspension.
A slip is a working mixture of the above ingredients, from which segments of various form factors are formed. When water is added to it, a suspension is formed - a liquid material from which finished products are produced. Slip is produced using tower spray dryers - “atomizers”. The mixed substance, coming into contact with coolants, gets rid of moisture, forming a powdery mass. The number of components in the slabs depends on the properties prescribed by the technical documentation (TU, GOST).
Stages of the production process required for porcelain stoneware facades
Obtaining quality products depends on strict adherence to production technology, the availability of modern equipment, as well as the qualifications of personnel. Before reaching the end consumer, slabs and ceramic granite go through several stages production process:
- kneading, i.e. selection, preparation of elements;
- preparing the working mixture (the ingredients are crushed in a mill, a slip is prepared, water is mixed, evaporated using a chamber and hot air heated to a temperature of 600 C. The powdery mass obtained during preparation is used as a blank for molding;
- molding - one of the main stages, which ensures minimal porosity of the finished tiles. It occurs in 2 stages: first, air is removed from the material under a pressure of 80 kg/sq.cm, then the raw material enters presses operating at 0.8 t/sq.cm. This approach guarantees high frost resistance: the less moisture the slab absorbs, the lower the risk of destruction or damage due to low temperature;
- drying, allowing to reduce the amount of water to a minimum amount. the workpieces are placed in chambers blown with hot air. At the same stage, paint layers are applied to the formed units;
- firing, as a result of which the ingredients of the slip melt, entering into contact with each other chemical reaction. The melt forms a monolithic structure that receives everything positive properties natural mineral. The main rule is to strictly maintain a certain temperature throughout the entire furnace production line. The line can be divided into several sections, since firing is carried out as preliminary (up to 400C), heating, then final - at temperatures reaching 1300C. After heat treatment, the slabs are gradually cooled, preventing them from being damaged due to sudden cooling;
- sorting, quality control - products are sorted by shades, sizes, shape accuracy, and other parameters, and packaged in special containers.
You can study the methods of producing plates on your own by examining the special pictograms on the container. For example, the Roman numeral I means that the product was fired only once. Two-stage firing is designated II.
Mounting options
To fasten individual stone segments, the size of which can reach 1500x3000 mm, aluminum profile systems are used. Such facades are called ventilated curtain facades. The first definition of the design was obtained due to the peculiarities of fastening the decorating layer: between it and the wall covering they leave air gap up to 6 cm wide. The air that circulates in the resulting niche removes moisture released near the walls and serves as thermal protection in the heat.
Hinged - a facade that is “hung” on a fastening system, which consists of:
- racks - vertical profiles made of aluminum;
- crossbars - horizontal partitions that serve as support for fixing elements.
Kit additional components, labor intensity, installation time depends on the chosen method of installing stone marble - another name for the material. Installation happens:
- on clasps;
- hidden.
Clamp fastenings
The first method involves the use of fittings, parts of which protrude beyond the outer edges of the tiles. The main retaining element is the clamp - a steel part that is attached to the profile with rivets during installation. The protruding parts of the plate form specially shaped hooks into which stone segments are inserted. The clasps are painted with powder dyes in tones that closely match the shade of the decorating layer. The method allows you to securely fix slabs with dimensions from 600x600 to 1200x600 mm.
When finishing buildings, construction companies use 4 main types of clamps to install porcelain stoneware segments with a thickness of 8 to 13 mm. The thickness of the seam between individual elements can be from 6 to 8 cm. The method differs from the hidden one in that it is less labor-intensive and time-consuming, and provides an attractive appearance due to the painted desired shade accessories and a lower price.
Hidden Method
It is recommended to finish the lower floors of high-rise buildings and low-rise buildings made of porcelain stoneware hidden installation. To do this, the tiles undergo pre-treatment, the complexity and duration of which depends on the chosen fittings for fastening.
Mechanical methods fixations are divided into:
- drilling holes for attaching “Kyle” type pins;
- end cuts on four sides;
- cuts on the mounting side at an angle of 45 degrees.
The disadvantages of the first two options are the frequent splitting of the material due to temperature changes, seismic factors, as well as additional load during shrinkage of the building. The third method is more reliable: the know-how of the RONSON company allows you to secretly fix porcelain stoneware slabs measuring 1.5x3 meters. Special strips are inserted into the side cuts, with the help of which the tiles are then secured to the profile system. The manufacturer is ready to provide optional equipment- special machine with diamond blade to increase installation speed.
Installation diagram
The brackets for the porcelain stoneware façade are first fixed to the wall. Then the insulation is installed: glued with adhesives or secured in a “dry” way - with plastic dowels with a wide head. The resulting layer is covered with a moisture-proof film.
An accurate calculation of the number of brackets is important: the required number will allow you to reliably hold the heavy decorative layer, excess metal parts can significantly increase the thermal conductivity of the wall material due to the creation of additional cold bridges. The last factor can be eliminated by paronite gaskets, which are used when installing additional brackets.
Cost of construction in Moscow
| № | Name | Unit change | Price |
| Design work and materials | |||
| 1 | Work on geodetic survey and project development | m 2 | 110 |
| 2 | Mineral insulation Isorok 100 mm, density 80 kg/m3 | m 2 | 180 |
| 3 | Porcelain stoneware slab ESTIMA 600x600 (7% for cutting) | m 2 | 690 |
| 4 | Subsystem from stainless steel | m 2 | 790 |
| Installation work | |||
| 5 | Installation/Dismantling of scaffolding (scaffolding) | m 2 | 90 |
| 6 | Marking and installation of the subsystem | m 2 | 450 |
| 7 | Installation of insulation | m 2 | 260 |
| 8 | Installation of cladding (porcelain tiles) | m 2 | 530 |
| TOTAL according to estimate, including VAT 18%: | 3100 | ||