Signs and symbols of danger adopted in the Russian Federation, Europe and the USA. Danger warning signs
Installed in places where radioactive substances are located and used or where there is ionizing radiation.
| Cost, rub. per piece (including VAT 18%) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Size, mm | Metal | Plastic | Self-adhesive film | |||||||||
| Circulation, pcs. | 50 | 100 | 200 | from 500 | 50 | 100 | 200 | from 500 | 50 | 100 | 200 | from 500 |
| 150x130 | 255 | 212 | 198 | 185 | 123 | 103 | 96 | 90 | 20 | 17 | 16 | 15 |
| 200x170 | 290 | 242 | 226 | 211 | 143 | 120 | 112 | 104 | 35 | 30 | 28 | 26 |
| 250x210 | 335 | 279 | 261 | 244 | 170 | 141 | 132 | 123 | 55 | 46 | 43 | 40 |
| 300x250 | 390 | 325 | 304 | 284 | 201 | 168 | 157 | 146 | 78 | 65 | 61 | 57 |
| 400x340 | 539 | 449 | 420 | 392 | 287 | 239 | 224 | 209 | 142 | 118 | 110 | 103 |
Our company specializes in the production of information and warning signs. The quality of products, including racks, brackets and fastenings, fully meets national and international requirements.
For an unambiguous interpretation of symbols, there are international standards that prescribe them color scheme, shape, dimensions, materials, as well as image parameters.
As in traffic regulations, danger symbols are divided into:
- directional signs;
- prescriptive;
- warning;
- prohibiting.
The radiation hazard sign belongs to the warning category. It is a triangle made of galvanized steel sheet, on which an applique of reflective film. The service life of the sign depends on the quality of the film, steel base and corrosion-resistant fastening. We recommend films marked "A" to "C" and a base made of galvanized steel.
Our technologies
Our database contains a ready-made sign layout with all the necessary markings. All manufacturing process fits into the diagram:
- preparing a template from a steel sheet;
- preparing an application from reflective film;
- applying the film to a steel base.
After marking the steel sheet, triangular blanks are cut out of it for the base of the sign, the edges of which are rounded and bent. The entire process is automated, which ensures high quality products.
Film cutting is carried out semi-automatically on a special plotter. All parameters are observed absolutely precisely. An applique of reflective coating is applied to the radioactive hazard sign. The sign can be easily mounted on a bracket or support. From us you can purchase various stands and stands, clamps and galvanized hardware for installing signs.
About the sign itself
The first sign warning of the threat of radiation looked almost the same as the modern one - a trefoil, symbolizing dangerous radiation. It differed only in color and was red and blue. Subsequently, however, this combination was criticized as inexpressive. After debate, a decision was made: the symbol would look like a black trefoil on a yellow triangle background with a black border.
In Europe, including Russia, the prescribed standards are obeyed unconditionally. In the USA you can still find signs in their original form, in the form of a purple “propeller” on a blue square. Another initiative that may gain legal force in the near future: the sign is proposed to be supplemented with a skull and a figurine of a running away person, and the trefoil itself will be equipped with wavy lines of “radiation.”
Our production offers a standardized version.
（American Armed Forces）
Radioactivity sign
The International Radiation Symbol first appeared in 1946 at the University of California, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory. At that time the sign was purple on a blue background. The modern version is a black sign on a yellow background. Proportions of the drawing - central circle with radius R, three petals with an inner radius of 1.5· R and external 5· R, the petals are spaced 60° from each other.
At that time there was great amount various warning symbols, but there was no standardization. Therefore, Dow decided to develop its own biohazard warning symbol. More than one department of the company was involved in its development. The requirements were simple - we needed a unique, simple, but memorable sign. For this purpose, a public study was conducted, as a result of which the most memorable symbol was selected. It turned out to be this three-sided symbol of bright orange color, since it was this color, as shown various studies, is best visible under all conditions.
Charles Baldwin, engineer environment, who took part in the development of the sign, said:
After this, the symbol was presented to the scientific community and was approved by all necessary authorities. Today, this biohazard sign can be found in laboratories around the world.
Appearance
All parts of the biohazard sign can be drawn using a compass and/or straightedge. The basic outline of the symbol is a simple trefoil, which is made up of three equally intersecting circles, as in a triple Venn diagram, where the intersecting parts are erased. The outer diameter of the intersecting part is equal to half the radius of these three circles. Then three inner circles measuring 2/3 of the radius of the original circles are inscribed into the original circles so that they lightly touch the outer side of the three intersecting circles. The small circle in the center has a diameter equal to half radius of three inner circles, its arcs are erased at positions 90, 210, 330 degrees. The arcs of the inner circles and the small circle are connected by lines. And finally, the ring under the sign. The outer circumference of the ring is drawn along the centers of three intersecting circles and is closed by arcs from the centers of the inner circles with a shorter radius of the inner circles.
Warning sign
Warning signs typically use an exclamation mark to warn or draw attention to danger or surprise.
Chemical hazard
A chemical hazard symbol is a pictogram used on containers of hazardous chemicals to indicate specific hazards and necessary measures precautions. Shown below various systems notation.
The National Fire Protection Association in the United States has a standard sign in the form of a diamond with four different colored sections and numbers in them indicating the degree of threat (from 0 to 4; 0 - no risk, 4 - maximum risk). The red section shows flammability, blue - health risks, yellow - explosion hazard, white - special information. This designation is used primarily in the USA.
In Europe a different standard is used. Rolling stock carrying dangerous goods is marked with an orange sign, on which the lower number indicates the substance being transported, and the upper number indicates the danger it may pose.
European danger signs
Danger symbols in the Russian Federation
IN Russian Federation there is GOST R 12.4.026-2001 “Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings”, which establishes the purpose, rules of application, types and designs, color graphics, dimensions, technical requirements and characteristics, test methods for safety signs, including those containing danger symbols. In accordance with this GOST, safety signs are a color graphic image of a certain geometric shape using signal and contrasting colors, graphic symbols and (or) explanatory inscriptions, intended to warn people about immediate or possible danger, prohibitions, orders or permissions for certain actions, as well as for information about the location of objects and means, the use of which eliminates or reduces the impact of dangerous and (or) harmful factors. Safety signs are standardized and are also given in the previously valid
The radiation hazard sign is one of 12 signs accepted throughout the world that show areas with one or another type of threat to human life and health. Statement “Caution, radiation!” became relevant immediately after the end of World War II.
The radiation hazard sign was invented and used for the first time in the laboratory of the American University of California at Berkeley. Berkeley physicists played a significant role in the invention and later of hydrogen. The process of inventing the sign later, in 1952, was described in a letter from one of the participants, the chemist Nels Garden. A small group of researchers offered several samples of the sign, and they chose this one, which the best way visualized the threat. It was purple on a blue background. Purple in its Roman meaning was chosen because of the high cost of paint of this particular color - this precluded thoughtless copying, Garden writes. Moreover, it did not conflict with any other popular color in this field of science. Blue was chosen using the same principle.
Black on yellow
The modern image - a black sign on a yellow background - appeared later, when radiation signs began to be used more often.
There are more objects that pose a radioactive hazard. Garden, one of the sign's inventors, doesn't like the black-on-yellow radiation signs. He believes that frequent use yellow color when designating objects of any danger, it disavows the increased danger of radiation. In addition, the yellow sign is difficult to see against a bright background. blue sky. However, a yellow background was chosen in 1948 when standardizing the sign as the main one. The mark of three petals or three blades remained purple for now. The authors of the new image felt that this color combination is clearly visible on outdoors from a distance of 20 feet. Today's American Standards (ANSI), established in the late 1950s, allow the use of both black and magenta radiation symbols.
Visual meaning of the sign
Interestingly, danger signs are usually shaped like classic triangles with some image inside. According to Russian GOST, this sign is a warning sign. Signs of poison and radiation are depicted in 9 out of 10 cases on a square base.
The sign of radiation itself is a circle, which is divided into 6 sectors. Three of them are black. Two black sector petals point up, one down. What does the sign itself mean? There are two versions. The first is an inverted shamrock as a symbol of the death of nature, the second, more cynical, the sign is similar to the battle banner of the Japanese living in the west of the island empire. By the way, the similarity of the radiation sign with the symbol of the Mitsubishi automaker is surprising. But upside down.
New radiation sign
In 2007, a new radiation or ionizing hazard sign appeared. This sign of radiation in pictures is interesting. On a red background, the traditional sign of radiation is depicted in black, a skull and crossbones is a sign of death, a running man is a call to leave the affected area.
The authors believe that this sign is more understandable. But it’s difficult to explain why, because the source of danger is the same three-blade fan, which is not entirely understandable to the average person, and is not immediately perceived by everyone as a mortal threat! The IAEA sincerely believes that the new sign will be more understandable to less educated people, who will not understand the first sign, which does not have an intuitive echo in the soul of a representative of a less educated people. For some reason, their confidence makes you think. What kind of intuitive response should this propeller evoke in a Czech or a Swede? Nevertheless, the IAEA is now trying to implement the new sign, despite its more complex visual perception. Interestingly, new radiation signs were tested for recognition in countries such as the USA, Morocco, Kenya, Thailand, India and Ukraine. The symbol has been agreed upon by the World Organization for Industrial Standardization (ISO) and is implemented through its implementation mechanisms.
And what does Roerich have to do with it?
But is there any other intuitive symbolism for this sign? Its similarity to Roerich’s banner is surprising. Three circles in a circle, arranged similarly to the petals of the radiation sign. There is a certain esoteric version that says that the Earth lies on a certain cosmic path, but the path was closed by distortions when applied nuclear weapons. Therefore, the sign of radioactive danger is a sign of the Roerich path and banner turned upside down. Analogous to an inverted crucifix or pentagram. But even without the symbolism of the Path, the opposition (pax culturae) and nuclear danger is obvious.
Application of radiation hazard signs
Initially, in America, immediately after the invention of the sign, it was planned to place it on shelters designed to protect against the atomic threat. Then this idea was abandoned, since the sign means danger, and not shelter from it. Now, according to GOST 17925-72, in Russia this sign designates premises, objects, instruments and devices that pose a real or potential radiation hazard. These could be nuclear power plants, vehicles, in which physical laboratories, accelerators and many other objects that actually pose a radioactive hazard are transported.
In short, where the radiation level is really elevated. It is permitted to use the radioactive hazard sign for educational purposes, at conferences, in booklets, and during training. According to GOST, the use of a radiation hazard sign for avatars on social networks and in the manufacture of jewelry, as well as for other similar purposes, is not allowed. But no one is watching this. And there are no penalties for indiscriminate and unauthorized use of the sign. According to GOST, by the way, the trefoil must be red, but black on a white background is also allowed.
Coverage area
Signs of radiation can mark not only objects, but also spaces. The coverage area of signs located at the entrance to an industrial facility extends to the entire territory of the facility. The concept of “zone” arises, which, thanks to the “Stalker” of the Strugatsky brothers, has its own emotional connotation.
Now, somewhere on the border between civil defense and cyberpunk, there is a campaign to find places with radiation contamination that have survived from the times of the USSR, and activists are trying to mark them with such signs, even if they are made in the form of houses. But activists are not always right. The danger may be imaginary. And people, seeing a “black propeller” on a yellow background on the wall of a house on their street, begin to get nervous. Most likely necessary Government program to search, identify and disinfect such places, along with a campaign to debunk rumors. And if someone engages in such rumors, that is, disinformation, professionally, as in India, when global corporations were fighting nuclear power plants? New sign radiation danger is too similar to a visualization of the wrath of the gods and a call for the destruction of the object that angered them. In short, the use of radiation hazard signs requires an eye to eye.
Signs of radiation and the human psyche
It is obvious that the human psyche tends to exaggerate threats. The radiation danger has been a concern for a long time; it is clear that for the population Far East These fears did not arise out of nowhere. Radiation and humans have been familiar, of course, since the emergence of humanity, relict radiation has always existed, but now the fear of mutations and changes in the gene code under the influence of sources of hidden radiation is greater than ever. And not only word of mouth, but also the media are intensifying these rumors. Perhaps very soon we will receive radiation data along with the weather forecast, and at airports passengers’ luggage will be labeled with “radiation safe” emblems.
underground
It is interesting that for advanced youth these signs have become part of the club culture. Many nightlife establishments mark cocktails, private areas and even bathrooms with this sign. Everything would be fine, the psyche of the younger generation has never seen anything like this. Young people are happy to modernize the radiation sign, photo it in gas, oil or other fashionable style can be seen in different design projects. But again, let's remember the old joke about a boy and a wolf who attacked him... If a sign is used many times in a safe situation, the consciousness can ignore it in a dangerous situation.
I would like to hope that our hipsters and ravers will not look for nuclear bomb shelters in the near future or confuse them with smoking rooms, but there must be someone behind the use of this sign for other purposes.
What does the radiation sign mean? For more than seventy years, humanity all over the world has been familiar with the yellow warning sign, which is sometimes called the “three-leaf clover,” but besides it, there is another sign, although less known, but understandable on an intuitive level.
History of appearance
For hundreds of years, the image of a skull and crossbones was sufficient and necessary to convey the concept of poison. Until we started experimenting with radioactive compounds.
The symbol we commonly associate with radiation or radioactive materials was developed in late 1946 by a group of individuals working at the Radiation Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley. While Negative consequences These phenomena have only just begun to manifest themselves so that they can be studied well enough and come up with some kind of warning sign. In fact, the symbol was originally intended for local use only in Berkeley, primarily in the form of awnings and stickers.
Nels Garden, future director of the Health Chemistry group at Berkeley, is credited with promoting the symbol, which has since been officially recognized by the US federal government. The letter he wrote describing the origin of the symbol said that many people in the group helped "draw" a sign that would best symbolize the degree of danger, type of activity, etc., but at the same time was simple to design.
Initially, the radiation sign was a different color - the background was blue, and the shamrock itself was purple. But later, after experimenting with colors, scientists found that the most noticeable sign was on a yellow background.
Any guesses behind the three 60-degree arcs are purely speculation, but the ambiguity of its graphical form appears to reflect the mysterious nature of the radiation's effects. The yellow radiation sign is more abstract than a simple skull and crossbones, but no less ominous.
Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy that when it interacts with an atom, it can remove tightly bound electrons from the atom's orbit, causing the atom to become charged or ionized.
Non-ionizing - radiation in the part of the electromagnetic spectrum where there is not enough energy for ionization. It includes electrical and magnetic fields, radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet and visible radiation.
Forms of electromagnetic radiation
The forms of electromagnetic radiation differ only in frequency and wavelength:
Longer, lower frequency waves have less energy than higher frequencies. short waves and higher frequency waves (X and gamma rays). Not all electromagnetic (EM) radiation ionizes. Only the high-frequency part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes X-rays and gamma rays.
Ionizing radiation sign
In 2007, the IAEA and International organization Standards Organization (ISO) has introduced a new radiation symbol to help reduce unnecessary deaths and serious injuries from accidental exposure to large radioactive sources. It now features radiating waves, a skull and crossbones, and a running man.
It denotes ionizing radiation and complements the traditional international sign "Caution, radiation!" The shamrock, in turn, has no intuitive meaning and is little known to people except those who have received education in this field. For example, children do not know what a radiation sign looks like. They perceive the shamrock as a propeller, not understanding the danger that threatens them.
The radiation sign pictured is intended to warn anyone, anywhere of the potential danger of approaching a source of ionizing radiation.
The new symbol was tested with various populations. It was shown to people of all ages, with different backgrounds. Men and women were shown a photo of a radiation sign to ensure that its meaning - "danger - stay away" - was absolutely clear and understandable to everyone.
So. New radiation sign designed by radiation experts human factors, graphic artists and radiation protection experts, was tested by Gallup with a total of 1,650 people from different countries Worldwide.
Placing a new sign
The symbol is for IAEA Category 1, 2 and 3 sources, which are defined as hazardous sources that can cause death or serious injury, including food irradiators, cancer teletherapy machines, and industrial radiography devices.
A symbol is placed on the device containing the source as a warning that the device should not be removed or approached. It will not be visible during normal use unless someone tries to disassemble the device. The symbol also cannot be found on building doors, transport packages or containers.
It is not difficult to guess what the biohazard sign, or the so-called “biohazard,” is intended for. It denotes a threat associated with the harmful effects of various types of pathogens on a living organism.
Some facts from history
In the 60s of the last century, scientist Charles L. Baldwin expressed his opinion that it was necessary to come up with a special symbol that would let others know about the danger of the object to which it is attached.
First of all, the use of this kind of sign should have spread to such areas of life as healthcare, industry and science.
To bring his own idea to life, Baldwin began collaborating with a team of designers who also worked in his company and, until now, had been engaged in a rather unremarkable business - packaging design.
After some time, the biological hazard sign created by joint efforts began to appear only in some laboratories, hospitals, storage facilities, and then throughout the world.
What do we need for drawing?
Thanks to the simple design, drawing a biohazard sign is quite simple. We will need: a simple pencil, a sheet of paper, a pen (black gel ideally), a compass, an eraser and a bit of patience, which is always necessary for a good artist.
Let's start the process
To explain everything to readers in an intelligible and clear manner, we suggest drawing a biohazard sign step by step.
First of all, using a compass, draw a circle. Its diameter should not be too large relative to the paper sheet.
At the second stage, we add small “tubes” to the central (very first) circle, as shown in the figure below. This must be done so that the arcs between adjacent “tubes” are equal to each other.
Now you need to draw three identical circles. This is done like this: at the same distance from the central circle (it should be larger than the third, largest circle), three points are laid, which should lie as if on a continuation of the “tubes”. We place a compass on one of the existing points and draw a circle so that it touches the nearest ends of the “tube”.
As you can see, between the second and third circles we just drew, a figure has formed that resembles a bent rectangle. We simply paint over this space.
Now using outside three circles as a guide, draw three curved U shapes(as shown in the photo). Albeit distantly, the drawing already resembles a biohazard sign.
We paint over the resulting figure, leaving the “tubes” white. We wait until the ink or paint dries and use an eraser to erase unnecessary components that were drawn with a simple pencil.
The international "Biohazard" sign is ready. How you use it is solely a matter of your imagination.
We hope that the article on how to draw a biohazard sign step by step was useful to you.