Half-timbered timber frame. Self-construction of a half-timbered house

Fachwerk - a technology that originated in Germany back in the 15th century, became widespread not only in its homeland, but throughout Europe. Today, half-timbered houses are built not only by the Germans, but also in Russia. They are quite popular and have received a lot of positive reviews. How to build this magnificent house yourself?

The space between the beams and cross members, which are usually left visible from the outside, is filled with various materials, this is frame houses, it doesn’t matter whether it’s a board or a board, they use it in half-timbered buildings.

In ancient times in Germany, the Germans used clay mixed with. There is even a house dating back to the 13th century, which was built by a German builder in 1347.

During this time, the timber beams did not rot, and the wood became as strong as stone. This house will stand for many more centuries. Europeans have long realized the reliability of these houses, and they are gradually beginning to appear in Russia. And all this was done by hand, without the use of power tools.

It is amazing that a half-timbered house can stand for more than 500 years, this proves the reliability of this type of construction.

Today technological solutions can be very diverse, half-timbered construction instead of walls, panoramic double-glazed windows, brick, wood are used, a natural stone and etc.

Features of German frame houses in Germany

A characteristic feature of a half-timbered house is the protrusion of each upper floor above the previous one. This historically established feature is not at all connected with the desire to increase the area of ​​the upper floor. This was done in order to protect the facade of the house, which is also the supporting frame of the entire building, from precipitation and excess moisture. Thanks to such indentations, water flowing down the walls of the upper floors flows directly to the ground, and the facade of the lower floor remains dry.

Half-timbered houses

Despite the fact that the widespread use of half-timbered houses was to some extent associated with the desire to save wood, this technology has shown itself to be excellent and has a number of advantages.

This is a fairly inexpensive and environmentally friendly type of construction that you can afford to build with your own hands. Half-timbered houses are unusual and beautiful.

At modern construction glued laminated timber is more often used coniferous species, which provides buildings with strength and durability, but you can also use regular timber, the main thing is to choose dry timber of good quality.

Modern houses using half-timbered technology

Thanks to the use of modern materials, a modern house in the half-timbered style will not only be aesthetically attractive, but also warm and cozy.

When choosing a material to fill the space between the beams, you can show your imagination and use, along with traditional building materials, glass, carved wood, clay mixtures, etc. Painting beams or fillers with modern paints and varnishes will be beneficial and protect against moisture.

Having all these advantages, half-timbered houses are still being built today; many are ready to build such structures with their own hands. In addition, being quite lightweight in nature, half-timbered houses do not require construction. Perfect for them, which will allow you to build such a house even on a slope and on the purchase of land.

Video about modern glass frame half-timbered houses

Topics related to the construction of houses using half-timbered technology traditionally receive increased attention from FORUMHOUSE users. Developers are primarily attracted to spectacular, “antique” appearance such a structure.

But in Russia you rarely see genuine half-timbered timber. There are reasons for this, the main one of which is that not everyone can build a house using half-timbered technology. Affects large volume manual labor and labor intensity of all technological stages. There is an acute lack of practical information, because... most of manuals, instructions and examples are provided on foreign languages and collected on foreign sites.

Therefore, most developers are forced to imitate half-timbering, making a layout “under half-timbering” from boards, along the facade from DSP or OSB slabs. Them more interesting topic user of our portal with nickname asx_75, building a small, but “honest” half-timbered house “with one helmet”.

In this article:

• Features of half-timbered technology.
• Construction of a house using half-timbered technology.
• Tools and materials.

Features of half-timbered technology

Fachwerk (German: Fachwerk) is a frame built from wooden beams. The peculiarity of the technology is that the wooden, post-and-beam frame of the house is not covered with anything from the outside and remains visible. The space between the posts, jibs and beams is filled with brick, less often stone or, as an option, adobe - straw, reeds or reeds mixed with clay, which is then plastered.

This gives the house architectural expressiveness and recognition and at the same time imposes a significant limitation on the use of this technology in our harsh climate, even near Moscow, not to mention Siberia or the North.

The fact is that the frame, made of timber large section(200x200 or 200x250 mm) is a significant cold bridge. In addition, gaps may appear between the filler and the wooden structural elements (“living” material). The wind will begin to blow through the wall. Open frame (wood) due to the negative effects of atmospheric phenomena ( sun rays, snow, rain, frequent crossings through “0”) is subject to increased wear. This leads to the need for regular repairs and renovation of the facade.

In Europe, the climate is milder than in Russia, and houses built using half-timbered technology can last for centuries with proper care.

The half-timbered frame itself is assembled using the tongue-and-groove technology on wooden dowels and using a variety of connections:

• cutting,
• half-tree connections,
• semi-frying pan, etc.

This requires good carpentry skills and a strong hand.

But all these disadvantages fade into the background when you see a real half-timbered house. Moreover, “honest”, because. an imitation of half-timbered timber on a building, even if skillfully executed, remains an imitation.

A real half-timbered building will not leave anyone indifferent.

The main mistake of developers trying to imitate half-timbered buildings- selection of narrow boards for their layout on the facade. As a result, the monumentality of the structure is lost, because the frame in the half-timbering bears the main load Accordingly, it requires powerful beams, jibs and racks. Boards with a section of 150/100x25 mm (often used to imitate half-timbered wood) look like some kind of strange finish, like ordinary decorative “patches” on the facade.

Second mistake- pursuit of the ideal geometry of the layout and bringing the surface of the boards “to a shine.” At that time, if you look at a real half-timbered structure, you can see that any timber has unevenness, natural bends, defects, knots, cracks, etc. Those. the tree is “living”, and its natural beauty is not “killed” by excessive mechanical processing.

All this works for authenticity, and most importantly - layout during simulation should be carried out not as “it seems more beautiful” or “as you like”, but strictly in accordance with the canons of half-timbered- where each frame element is in its place for a reason.

If you do an imitation of half-timbered houses, then first you need to look at more than a dozen photographs of old European half-timbered houses. Capture the essence of frame elements, understand how they work in unified system, linked with each other, and then try to repeat them on the facade.

Beams, jibs, racks and other vertical and horizontal frame elements in a half-timbered structure they perform a purely practical function - they carry and redistribute the loads of the building.

The real beauty of a half-timbered building lies in the functionality of the frame, where all the elements are necessary, and there is no place for unnecessary details and elaborate decorations.

How to build a real half-timbered house in Russia

The simplicity of half-timbered structures (forms), not to be confused with technology, can play a cruel joke on a person who decides to repeat it. It seems that you can look at the pictures, buy a beam, pick up a chain saw and get to work. Such an approach will lead to disastrous results.

Half-timbering begins with acquiring in-depth knowledge of this type construction and design.

You'll have to spend time and study key elements half-timbered houses and how they are made. Case in point - work asx_75.

asx_75 User FORUMHOUSE

I had the opportunity to visit Germany. I saw “live” a real half-timbered structure that I liked so much. I studied it, took photographs of buildings, read recommendations, visited thematic sites. When I returned to Russia, I decided to reproduce the “corner of Europe” on garden plot, because there was a need to build a bathhouse. I'll say right away - I don't professional builder. Much of my work was done on a whim, some things were not according to the canons of half-timbered construction, some I came up with myself. He worked alone and with a minimal set of tools.

Looking ahead, we’ll show you a photo of what a member of our portal has already achieved (the house is currently in the process of erecting a roof).

Now we return to 2016 and move on to a description of the process of erecting a half-timbered structure.

To build a frame and then fill it with foam blocks (this is a departure from the classic half-timbered structure, and why asx_75 chose it, we will describe it a little later), I had to try.

The background to this project is interesting. According to the user, at first the idea arose to build a bathhouse on the site. For this, he chose a half-timbered frame, because thought it would be better to build smooth walls It won't work with bricks or blocks. The initial idea was as follows - a frame is installed, and the space is covered with OSB boards, followed by installation of insulation and vapor and waterproofing.

But during the construction of the frame, everyone liked it so much that at the family council they decided to build a “gingerbread” house measuring 5x4 m, and convert the old one into a bathhouse brick house standing on the site.

Next, the idea of ​​sewing up the space between the OSB crossbars was eliminated. If you make a half-timbered structure, then make it real! In Europe, the half-timbered space is often filled with brick, but this requires a certain skill and knowledge of certain secrets. Because the brick is laid for a reason, but after special preparation of either it or the timber. Without going into details, let's say that shaped grooves are made for this.

The foam block is quite easy to process, and asx_75 I settled on it, especially since the internal partitions will be made from this material.

The foam block, so that it would fit in the frame, was used not as a wall block, but as a partition block.

Selection of tools and materials for building a half-timbered house

Having drawn up a construction plan, the user began to implement the plan. First you need to decide on the material, tools and foundation. To build a half-timbered structure, you need to have a lot of specialized, complex construction equipment. carpenter's tool, with the help of which figured grooves, tenons, etc. are cut into the timber. But asx_75 I got by with a much smaller set.

asx_75

Choosing various instrument to build a half-timbered structure, I would like to get a “cunning” imported saw and slowly, carefully cut out the grooves with it. But sawing wood along the grain, and even more so timber, is quite a task. After thinking, I went for an electric chain saw. Having turned it on in the store, I decided that this was not my tool in terms of work safety, so I bought a reciprocating saw. I also needed a powerful hammer drill, which I used in drilling mode. Twist drills, hammer, chisel and mallet.

Although reciprocating saws are traditionally considered a tool of destruction - sawing wooden partitions, frame elements, pipes, branches, etc., in capable hands this tool will become an indispensable assistant.

asx_75

Having tried to work with a sabre, I can say that it has proven itself to be excellent. A file with wide teeth perfectly cuts wood along the grain, adjusts planes, and cuts out grooves. Moreover, my tool is not professional, without a vibration damper, but it significantly simplified the assembly of the frame.

The frame was made from timber with a cross-section of 15x15 cm. The reason was the weight and size characteristics of the material. We have already said above that the beauty of a half-timbered structure largely depends on the massiveness of its frame. Large cross-section timber gives the structure monumentality and solidity.

This frame no longer looks like a cheap prop.

The user reasoned as follows: a beam with a cross-section of 10x10 cm looks frivolous; a beam of 20x20 cm is inconvenient to work with alone, to turn over, not to mention raising the beam to a height without using a crane or an electric hoist. The 15th beam is just right. It can be lifted alone, but is massive enough for a half-timbered frame.

There is not a single nail connection in the half-timbered asx_75. All parts of the frame were fastened with ordinary commercial dowels with a diameter of 2 cm.

Moreover, the dowels are not just connecting element, but they play big decorative role, giving the finished frame genuine authenticity.

asx_75

When hammering in the dowels, I first hammered them flush, but then, studying my photo archives, I noticed that often the half-timber builders do not recess the dowels flush with the surface of the beam, but leave a small “tail” about 3 cm long outside. I really liked this element. Moreover, then you can hang a flowerpot with a flower on it.

The dowels were not left round, but slightly planed on all sides, giving them the appearance of a hexagon. That this makes the connection stronger. Holes for dowels in two elements, with classical construction half-timbers (post-beam) are drilled not symmetrically, but with a slight offset relative to each other. Those. First we drill the parts (separately from each other), and then we connect them and hammer in the dowel. This also increases the strength of the connection because when the dowel is clogged, due to asymmetrical holes, the unit becomes rigidly jammed.

Note that the user abandoned this due to the significant complication of the work, especially since the tongue-and-groove assembly + hammered dowel turned out to be very durable.

The holes for the dowels were drilled as follows: a spiral drill bit for wood (2 cm in diameter), through chuck, was driven by a hammer drill operating in the “drill” mode into the timber. Important point: the user made the first holes “by eye”, as a result the dowels went crooked. The following holes were already drilled using an angle level, which ensured that the holes for the dowels were strictly horizontal.

Having dealt with the theoretical part a little, let's move on to practice. The construction of the half-timbered house began with pouring the foundation. As a basis asx_75 I chose a pile foundation. To do this, a hole with a diameter of 300 mm was drilled in the ground to a depth of about 1 m; a “sleeve” of roofing felt rolled into a pipe and tied with wire was placed in the hole. Next the concrete was poured.

The level of the pile heads was brought to the horizon using a hydraulic level.

Advice: deciding to repeat this type modern “folk” foundation, you should not skimp on roofing felt and take a thicker one, because thin ones hold their shape less well, and the pile may end up barrel-shaped.

There were some mistakes at this stage. The distance between the piles turned out to be different, because the first piles were placed every 0.8 m. Then the user read that the distance could be increased to 2 m, but deciding to play it safe, he reduced it and chose an intermediate value.

The error led to the asymmetry of the frame struts, because the attachment points are located at the places where the piles are installed. But this added a “zest” to the whole structure, because... Often half-timbered houses do not have perfect symmetry, which makes them more “alive”.

After the foundation was erected, a frame made of timber with a cross-section of 15x15 cm was placed on it. Types of joints such as half-wood and half-frying were used.

You can learn more about the features of the construction of classic half-timbered buildings in the topic asx_75. Our article tells. We also recommend articles, and. And the video shows the nuances of building a frame with a half-timbered facade.

The sight of cute houses built using half-timbered technology pleases the eye and makes you want to touch these with your hands. beautiful buildings, settle in them. Put such a beautiful house on your suburban area can be done without any problems, for this it is necessary to observe all the subtleties of half-timbered technology and choose high-quality materials for construction.

What is half-timbered

Translated from German, this is a panel in operation, i.e. This frame construction, which was used in medieval architecture in Central and Northern Europe. Presumably, it arose as a result of processing the construction techniques of the ancient Romans.

Back in the first centuries AD, the ancient Romans built military camps using so-called Roman concrete. The Romans, during construction, wooden log houses hammered with a mixture of cement and gravel, i.e. were constructing wooden frame, then filled it with stone or brick with cement mortar, A vertical racks, struts, horizontal beams were not hidden inside, but brought to the surface of the wall.

The base of the frame was whitened with lime and chalk, but the frame itself remained dark, the natural color of wood. Thus, a unique pattern was created, with a decorative motif, and in the urban development of the 14th-16th centuries in the cities of Germany and England, the half-timbered pattern was quite complex.

Construction of the foundation

Before constructing a building, the site should be prepared and the soil examined. To build a house using half-timbered technology, any foundation used in construction is suitable wooden houses.
But it must be taken into account that a half-timbered building, like any wooden frame structure, quite light, so the supporting structures will not put significant pressure on the foundation.

If this building is being erected on a site where there are heaving soils, it is necessary reliable foundation, preventing it from being squeezed out groundwater V winter time. In conclusion, we can say that the foundation should be chosen, first of all, focusing on the characteristics of the soil. It can be strip, slab, columnar or pile.

Frame installation

To isolate from moisture, a layer of waterproofing is laid on top of the foundation, then the first piping crown is installed from timber with a cross-section of 50x200 mm. The timber must first be treated with antiseptics. The parts of the lower part of the frame are attached to the strapping crown.

The rigidity and strength of the frame of a half-timbered house is given by various connections of parts, such as: a hidden tenon, dovetail, half-timber; wooden pins are used to secure the parts.
Many thousands of wooden houses in Europe, which have been standing for 300-500 years, were built in exactly this way and this is the best evidence reliability of this technology.

Dovetail mount

This is an old way of fastening wooden parts, a rather complex and labor-intensive type of connection, it is not necessary to use it often; it is enough to fix the wooden elements at a distance of 3-4 meters to ensure the necessary rigidity of the structure. “Dovetail” is used when connecting elements load-bearing structure in the most important places.

Main distinctive features

Half-timbered houses have a hard load-bearing frame from vertical racks, horizontal beams and braces (diagonal elements), they are the main distinctive feature half-timbered structures.

Braces provide stability to frames. In order to hide the fastenings, visible parts of the frame, not covered by the casing, are connected to each other in a groove and tenon.

Rack installation step

The installation step of the load-bearing racks depends on the requirements of the project, where door and window openings are taken into account; they can be different in width, which affects the distance between the racks, but not more than 3-4 meters.

Connection of floor beams and rafters

For floor beams and rafters, use an edged board of one section 50x200 mm, pre-treated with fire-bioprotective agents.

All elements of the wall frame, which will be hidden under the cladding, since they are not visible parts of the half-timbered structure, are mounted from materials treated with fire-retardant preparations edged boards section 45x145 mm.
Upon completion of the installation of the walls, the rafter system is installed hipped roof. The technology of building a house, until the walls are covered, differs little from a conventional frame one.

Installation of wall cladding elements

Modern technologies, when insulating walls, no longer use reeds and clay for these purposes, which previously filled the space between the load-bearing beams.

Nowadays, modern insulation materials such as basalt wool and gas silicate blocks are used for these purposes. The main distinguishing feature of a half-timbered building is that the posts, beams and braces in the wall of the outer plane must remain visible.

DSP wall cladding

Cement particle boards are used to cover the outer walls of the house, after which a windproof material is laid, then a layer of insulation, such as basalt wool, is covered with a vapor barrier material, and then the wall is sewn up from the inside with the same slab for interior work, plasterboard or glass-magnesium sheets.

Glass magnesium sheet

Glass-magnesium sheet (GSM) is a new, high-quality construction material, it can replace plasterboard, gypsum fiber sheet, asbestos cement boards and fiber cement panels.

LSU is not flammable and moisture resistant; in addition, it has good impact-resistant characteristics, like fiber cement panels; it is quite difficult to break it.

Choosing roofing material

In modern construction of such houses, as roofing material choose metal tiles.

Finishing of external walls

Ready Wall panels plastered and painted with white paint, leaving the tops of the floor beams visible (since roof overhangs are not sewn up using this technology, this is also a distinctive feature of half-timbered architecture), and also wooden elements frame (posts, beams and braces) are coated with tinting impregnation for wood based natural oils, preferably dark shades.

Frame elements visually break up the white walls and give the house special expressiveness. Designers use different colors, from light brown to black, to create very interesting design projects. Modern market is a large assortment plastic windows whose prices are not so high. The combination of beautifully shaped plastic windows with a variety of colors gives individual look construction.

Features of interior decoration

Beams ceilings, inside the house, also remain visible and act as elements of home decoration.

Half-timbered houses have become one of the business cards medieval architecture. The features of this architectural style become clear from the word itself - the German Fachwerk, consisting of two semantic parts: Fach, which means part, panel, section, and Werk - structure. Medieval technology turned out to be so successful that half-timbered houses - frame house projects, which appeared in Germany in the 15th century, are again popular centuries later.

Construction of half-timbered houses: technologies tested over centuries

Created in Germany, half-timbered houses, the construction technology of which has undergone virtually no significant changes, appeared as a result of an acute shortage quality wood V medieval Europe. Therefore, a wooden frame was created from wood, and the space between the beams was initially filled with clay, which was replaced by more durable materials: stone and brick. Another undoubted advantage in the Middle Ages was the ability to quickly restore a destroyed or damaged half-timbered house with your own hands. For the constantly warring Europe of that time, this was very important.

The basis of a half-timbered house is a complex wooden frame consisting of horizontal, vertical and diagonal elements, which are main feature half-timbered architectural style. Diagonal elements - braces located between beams and racks, add rigidity and strength to the structure. To create the frame structure, wood was used - spruce, oak, fir, Douglas fir, and the strength of the frame is achieved through accurate calculation of loads and precise connection of all parts.

The vertical arrangement of the beams has fully justified itself - today you can find houses built more than 500 years ago. The reason for such longevity is the well-polished vertical beam rainwater flows down quickly, practically without lingering or being absorbed. And this is the fundamental difference between half-timbered houses and traditional log Russian huts, in which the logs were located horizontally and, as a result, absorbed more moisture, which led to a faster gradual destruction of the wood.

Half-timbered houses: revival of popularity

Interest in half-timbered houses was revived in the mid-70s of the last century, primarily due to the emergence of new, technologically advanced materials. Modern design trends have made it possible to give a new sound and content to what has already become classical methods decoration and construction. And although modern half-timbered houses differ quite seriously from classic samples, they are popular among lovers of classic European rustic style.

If clay was initially used to fill the space between the beams, then wooden panels, stone or brick, then with the advent of double-glazed windows it became possible to build half-timbered houses with full glazing. Full glass facade it looks very impressive and elegant, while maintaining the visual division of the wall - the main architectural feature of buildings in the half-timbered style.

One of the features of half-timbered architecture is the decorative function of the frame. This is its main difference from ordinary frame houses, in which, when finishing load-bearing beams turn out to be hidden. The special arrangement of the frame elements not only visually divides the facade into panels of various shapes, but also creates a bizarre pattern (they are also called “figures”): “man”, “St. Andrew’s cross”, “wild man” and others.

Advice! To make the exterior of the house more decorative and attractive, corner posts are decorated with carving, and the heads of the beams protruding onto the facade are given curly forms, for example, horse's head, races, etc.

At the same time, modern technologies have made it possible to obtain warm "glass House– installed special, low-emission double-glazed windows allow short-wave solar radiation to pass through, but at the same time acts as an insurmountable barrier to long-wave thermal radiation. As a result, to calculate the heating power of such a house, the formula traditional for stone and concrete houses is often used - 1 W of power per 10 m 2. At the same time, the glass only looks fragile from the outside - in fact, it is made using technology and can reach a thickness of up to 6 mm. In addition, even if suddenly, which is unlikely under normal conditions, such glass breaks, the fragments will not fly to the sides - they will remain hanging on the elastic polymer film.

As a result, using half-timbered structure, you can create large glazed areas, turning the entire facade into one large glass wall. This makes it possible to realize the effect of merging with nature and the surrounding space. The landscapes that surround the house seem to become part of the interior.

Another reason for the increased popularity of half-timbered houses was the use of glued timber instead of a regular tree, which made it possible to type very durable frame. At the same time, the frame elements (laminated veneer lumber and metal fastenings, which connect the frame elements) additionally act as a decorative part of the exterior and interior of the building. In addition, the durable frame allows you to create any building layout in which spacious open spaces with external glass walls adjacent to cozy and quiet secluded rooms inside the building. And since the concept bearing wall» is absent in principle, the entire load falls on the frame, in such a house you can easily carry out redevelopment at any time.

The use of laminated veneer lumber for the frame made it possible to get rid of a number of disadvantages characteristic of natural wood:

• increased fire safety - laminated veneer lumber ignites when more high temperatures than a normal tree. In addition, it does not burn, but smolders, retaining its shape and load-bearing capacity, thereby giving significantly more time than natural timber, for evacuation of people

• no shrinkage - over time, laminated veneer lumber practically does not change its properties linear dimensions, which allows you to begin internal and exterior decoration immediately after installation of the frame

• immunity to moisture, resistance to mold and fungi
• high strength - according to this indicator, laminated veneer lumber is 2 times superior to solid wood

Half-timbered houses are firmly associated in the mind with something fabulous and European. Surprisingly, the creation of these buildings, in principle, does not require significant effort, and installing them on a suburban area is quite feasible. To do this, you certainly need to know construction technologies and use high-quality materials. When you look at houses in the half-timbered style, you want to touch them with your hands and, if not live in them, then live in them for a while in order to appreciate this building as it deserves.

Translated from German, “fachwerk” means “working panel”. This construction technology appeared back in the Middle Ages, when wealthy residents, for whom ancient Roman building construction techniques were completely inaccessible, were forced to rework them to suit their capabilities. The Romans, as you know, made many military campaigns, during which they built frame houses in the conquered territories. For this purpose, wooden log houses were used, which were filled with cement and gravel and thus formed a frame. Later it was filled with brick and stone. A characteristic feature of these buildings was the display of vertical frame posts, struts and horizontal beams on the surface. After the base and walls of the house were whitewashed with lime, the wooden components of the house stood out more and more against their background, creating a unique identity of the home.

In the period from the 14th to the 16th centuries, German, English and other European half-timbered houses were improved, and the technologies for their creation were perfected. As a result, each part of Europe developed its own decorative patterns and motifs for these buildings. They were often very complex.

Modern half-timbered houses (video)

Construction of the foundation and installation of the frame

The construction of a half-timbered house begins with preparing the site. It is very important to test the soil for strength. Half-timbered houses can be built on the basis of any foundation designed to create wooden house, but in terms of their weight they are quite light, having minimal impact on the soil. Accordingly, if the soil is prone to heaving and there is a lot of water inside it, then the building will be extremely unstable. To do this, the choice of foundation should be approached with all responsibility. In some cases, you can be content with columnar, slab or pile foundation, but sometimes you will need to create a tape version.

Half-timbered houses, since they have a wooden frame, largely depend on high-quality waterproofing. To do this, a layer is laid on the surface of the foundation waterproofing material and only then the strapping crown is mounted. Its cross-section must be at least 50x200 mm. All beams must be treated with antiseptics before installation to protect the wood from pests. In addition, all wooden elements are coated with a fire-resistant liquid. The binding crown subsequently becomes the basis of the frame, because all its lower parts are attached to it.

Invisible wooden wall elements, which will be hidden under the cladding, are created from edged boards (45x145 mm). They are also treated with materials to prevent fire and protect against pests.

The rigidity and strength of the frame of a half-timbered house is achieved by creating hidden tenons and dovetails at the joints of its elements. Outwardly, they may look somewhat dubious, but houses built using this technology have been standing in Europe for more than 300 years, which is the best proof of the strength of such fastenings.

After installing the frame, the house requires the creation of a hipped roof, which is carried out using a standard this method rafter system. Metal tiles are most often chosen for roofing. In general terms, a half-timbered house is created like any frame house, with the only difference being that the walls are covered.

Dovetail connection

This is an old method of fastening wooden beams between themselves. However, it is still considered the most complex and time-consuming to create. It is best used at a distance between joints of 3 to 4 m. This is enough to ensure that half-timbered houses have good rigidity. As a rule, even in the most critical places of the supporting structure, the use of a “dovetail” is completely justified and does not lead to premature repairs.

Distinctive features of the style

Half-timbered houses are always wooden structures. They are based on vertical posts, horizontal beams and braces (the so-called beams that fix the walls of houses diagonally). The pitch between the racks is traditionally kept at a distance of 3 to 4 m. Fastenings between beams and beams can be visible and invisible. In the first case, a dovetail is used, and in the second, a hidden tenon. To do this, a groove is created on one beam, and a tenon on the adjacent one.

Half-timbered houses (video)

Wall cladding

In the old days, clay and reeds were actively used for insulation and wall covering, but now the need for this has completely disappeared. Most often used for home insulation basalt wool, and for wall cladding they take cement bonded particle boards(DSP), which connect the load-bearing parts of the structure. In addition, you will need a special windproof and vapor barrier material.

The inside of the house is lined with familiar plasterboard boards or glass-magnesium sheets (SML). The latter type of cladding is quite unfamiliar in the post-Soviet expanses, but at the same time it allows high-quality replacement of plasterboard, asbestos-cement boards, gypsum fiber sheets and others similar materials. Its advantages are that it does not burn at all, does not absorb moisture, and withstands shocks well. That is, it is very difficult to break a glass-magnesium sheet.

Exterior wall finishing

The exterior of the house is finished using ordinary putty and white paint. All floor beams must be left untreated. The half-timbered style also requires that all roof overhangs are not hemmed, and that the braces, posts and beams remain visible. The only thing that can be done is to treat them with a special tinted wood impregnation to highlight them against the background of a white wall.

Finishing the façade of a half-timbered structure will require careful selection of plastic windows, which must have Brown color under the tree. Today there are many known color designs for half-timbered houses with different dimensions and plans. Designers offer their clients various options The colors of the beams range from light brown to black. Accordingly, it is quite possible to create a half-timbered house with your own hands using one of them.