Learning Arabic. Self-study of Arabic

Learn Arabic on your own: is it possible at home?

Difficulties in learning Arabic

It is easier to learn than other European languages, but has its own nuances that are not always clear to Russian people. Those who begin to study it gradually face the following difficulties:

1. Arabic script (writing). For beginners, such an alphabet appears to be an interweaving of intricate patterns connected to each other. At first, the direction of writing from right to left is surprising.

2. Pronunciation of sounds. There are several groups of them, which to many people sound the same. For example, in Arabic there are three letters that sound similar to the Russian “S”.

3. Meanings of words. The question of how to learn Arabic from scratch will disappear if you read more, watch movies and listen to songs in it. However, remember that each word can have several meanings.

How to learn Arabic from scratch: tips.

How to learn Arabic on your own?

This language is divided into 3 types: classical, colloquial and modern.

If a person has an interest in Islam, it is better for him to learn the first one, since the Koran is written in it. The second is suitable for those who want to live with these people. The third is the standard one, which is spoken by all Muslims. In order to master it perfectly, certain steps will be required.

1. Find a tutor in this language and take 2-3 lessons from him. An experienced teacher will show you how speech should sound correctly.

2. Memorize the Arabic alphabet. Buy a notebook and write down different letters every day. This will help you remember them over time.

3. Watch special video tutorials online. This way they train articulation and monitor pronunciation.

4. Practice listening – perceive someone else’s speech by ear. Listen to discs with light texts and try to understand what it says.

How long does it take to learn Arabic? A positive result will not appear immediately, but only after daily training in writing letters and pronouncing words.

If someone can read the Koran after this, the author is not to blame.
He had other goals, but - Good luck!

U different people- different thinking, therefore, for example, physicists and lyricists need to be taught foreign languages ​​in completely different ways. However, in all existing textbooks foreign language- one senses the same “dirty” German approach: unnecessary thoroughness, an abundance of unnecessary, stupid, unstructured information at the start, tediousness that kills mood and motivation after 5 pages and puts you to sleep after ten.

That is, it is often not the student’s fault, but rather the teaching system that “fucks up.”
Roughly speaking, the teacher is to blame.
It’s as if someone put a filter on the “unworthy” foreign language.
And this is how the “cut-off” is carried out...

But why did they write a book for this, why was it called a “textbook”
and why were you sold “crap” that is of little use for learning??

Some books should be called - not textbooks, but "turnstiles",
like, if you made it through, you move on, if you didn’t make it through, sit, smoke, and smoke bamboo...

Existing textbooks are poorly designed for the thinking of a normal Russian person.
modern, not "outdated" version. When you are told obvious platitudes that are clearly rewritten 100 recent years, there is a feeling that you have “gotten it”... thoughts that you turned out to be smarter than your teacher, and the teacher is “acting out” - really interfere with learning.

Perhaps philologists wrote textbooks - for people with a different background,
Perhaps the “background” of the average student has grown over 100 years
or the methods are outdated.

It may also be that people who don’t know anything useful except languages ​​increase the value of their knowledge by making show-offs and meaningful snot - where everything can be explained more simply, on the fingers, faster and more interestingly.

Can a teacher be boring?
After all, language is a means of communication.
The author of the textbook, the teacher, already has a “credit” from the student who bought and picked up the textbook. And if a student quits studying, maybe also because the author doesn’t “pull it out” - maybe because he’s a bad teacher? It is not customary to criticize teachers, but here the criticism is not from a student, but from a “colleague.” And in this case, criticism is more than appropriate. Because there is no need for bad teachers to scare students away from all teachers.

Let's take Arabic.

Most fears of studying Arabic- comes from his writing,
Which the textbook presents in such a way that... you begin to understand the Inquisition...

Often textbooks focus on layers of language - from Islam and the Koran.
if the textbook is Soviet, then it is based on the experience of building communism.
For what??

Why frighten a person by aggressively imposing archetypes of behavior that are alien (for a Russian). Orthodox Christians and atheists do not need to immediately give words meaning “namaz” and “Akbar”.

That is, these words must be present, but then, where their presence will be justified by the logic of teaching, and not just by the teacher’s desire to immediately “convert” the student to his Faith. The student came for another. And the market says that you should respect your consumer. In the end, the student came to the Arabic teacher, and not to the madrasah.

How to interest a student.
How to awaken motivation?
Arabic language - specifically Russian and Orthodox Christian makes it possible to touch the Biblical texts - in a different coordinate system. And understand the hidden meanings that (alas) disappeared without a trace in Russian translations - from Greek translations.

Eg. King Herod turns out to be the "king of the Earth." Ard and Herod (land) are spelled the same.
Bethlehem - (beit lahm) - turns out to be a sheep house, a barn. Like in popular prints showing the stable where Jesus was born.
The English Queen "Bloody Mary" turns out to be the "Mother of the State".
The Pharisees turn out to be ordinary Persians or horsemen.
Saducees - friends, brothers, monks.
Pharaohs turn out to be simply the leaders of these horsemen.
Kagan - High Priest.

The possible meaning of the “new spelling” of the name Jesus (the appearance of the second letter “i”) during the Great Schism of the 17th century becomes clear - precisely as a result of the translation of Arabic texts into “Cyrillic”. the stroke under the consonant “and” is the second “and”, which is written but not necessarily read. And the main dispute of the split takes on a different logic and harmony. This is precisely from the translation of Semitic texts - through Greek - into Russian.

The best motivation.

There is such an “Old Belarusian language”. This is a language in which ordinary text in Old Russian is written in Arabic letters. Agree, it’s nice when in the process of studying one modern language- you find yourself “in the load” as the bearer of another, and ancient one at that.

The laws of “Freebies” (sweets in Arabic) have not been repealed. And the learning process turns out to be more effective if you lead the student “from freebie to freebie.”))

An example of the text of the "Old Belarusian language" from the Internet. This Old Slavonic language, written in Arabic script.

My teacher, a KGB officer, once gave advice that was very appropriate in that situation - not to try to translate your life into Arabic. University, cinema and clubs are images of another culture for which would be better suited another language.

It’s more useful to come up with an “image” of an Arab and tell it from him. It is the language of nomadic peasants and has 70 words for camel and 5 verbs for “to think.” No need to complicate...
May I have 5 brothers and 6 sisters,
your father has three wives and three houses.
It’s easier to learn from an authentic map than to pull out of thin air, as if to delicately name the concepts “airborne troops”, “institute”, “potatoes”, “privatization” and “investment banking business” that are absent in Arab culture.

So, the first principle of memorizing letters is “Shemakha”.
As the hero of Pushkin’s fairy tale said: “Reign while lying on your side”...

There are many Arabic symbols - you can memorize them by tilting your head to the right or to the left.
For example, the “European” numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 are frankly of Arabic origin. It’s just that someone “messed up”, sat “drunk” and wrote down numbers, sitting “to the left” - from the source. Or poked him from behind his shoulder.

Second.
For some reason it is not customary to talk about this, but almost all Latin and Slavic letters were derived from Arabic script. Don't believe me? It’s simply not customary to talk about this. But calmly and without panic, take a closer look at the letters. If you can’t do it straight, try writing them not from right to left, as the Arabs themselves write. And reproduce them “our way”, as we write, from left to right.

If you don’t recognize them, try to relax, imagine how Cyril and Methodius “stole” the letters from the Arabs without indicating their sources. In order not to deduct copyright. Still, the Arabs have “close relatives” (perhaps even Cyril and Methodius themselves). Try writing the letters from left to right again. And look at the clues.

So, in order to convey information in the Old Belarusian language, you need to write Arabic letters - from right to left.
And these letters are modified Russian (Latin letters).

In Arabic, only consonants and long (stressed) vowels are written.
Short vowels are not written.
- there is no letter “p” in the Arabic alphabet, Arabs use the letter “b”
- the letter "g" is similar to the Russian one.
- the letter "i" twice. Once at the end of a word, the other in the middle. It can be seen by two points below it. The spelling is different, but these two dots “give it away”.
The letter "v" twice. Its writing anywhere (at the beginning in the middle, at the end - the same)

Vocalization rule
There are only 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet.
Strictly speaking, they are all consonants. Vowel sounds (and there are only three of them) are conveyed by special signs that are placed “above” or “below” the letter. The icons are called "vocals".

The vowels “a”, “i”, “u” are called “Fatha, kesra, damma”
A - stroke above the consonant
"and" is a stroke from below,
"y" - comma on top,
“without a vowel” - circle, “sukkun”,
ending "an" - two strokes above the consonant
shadda "w" - doubling of a consonant.
ending "in" - two strokes under the consonant

This is how the previous sentence “let’s talk” -
will look like “Old Belarusian” with vowels.

In most cases, you will not find texts with vowels in Arabic books and media. Why? Because Arabs read and understand these texts perfectly even without vowels. This is comparable to when in Russian we encounter the letter “Ё” without dots, but we understand that it is “Ё”. This is experience and skill. A couple of months of reading the exercises in their textbook - and anyone will have it.

Vocalizations were developed by medieval philologists. One of the theories of their origin is this: in those days, a large number of people accepted Islam - without knowing the language. And so that “fresh” Muslims could read the Koran without errors, a system of vowels was adopted. Now vowels can be found mainly in textbooks, in some Holy books (Koran, Bible), in reference books and dictionaries. But moving in this environment, anyone begins to read and understand texts without vowels at all.

Arabic writing allows us to better understand the speakers of Turkic, Iranian and Caucasian languages. And due to the fact that Moscow is already the largest Tajik, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Uzbek city - it is advisable to have this just in case, let it be... Because this writing allows you to better understand the grammar of the language. After all, doubling, transferring vowels - in these languages ​​was historically justified by "Elm", and when written in Latin or Cyrillic - the logic turns out to be much more complicated.

The main thing is not to be afraid and to understand that the rejection of the Arabic language in the Russian cultural field may not have always been the case. One may discover that someone actually deliberately destroyed “Semitisms” (Arabisms) in Russian culture. You can see that many principles of Russian cursive writing/stenography amusingly repeat the laws of Arabic calligraphy (of course, in their mirror image).

Russian endings (for example, for adjectives) are written in Arabic not with 2-3 letters that do not carry information (-ogo, -ego, -ie, -aya), but are written in one short stroke. After all, the Slavic ancestors were not masochists when they left endings in their language that sometimes turned out to be longer than the word itself. In a word, the experience of the Arabic language is only an opportunity to regain what your ancestors had.

By the way, all European languages ​​may have such an “Arabic” experience. It is known that the most ancient documents of the Afrikaans language (which, excuse me, is the language of the Dutch settlers of the 17th and 18th centuries in Africa) were written in Arabic script. It is known that in the 20th century there were translations of writing into Cyrillic and Latin, after which in Russia and Turkey ALL documents written in ligature were destroyed.

That is, perhaps it is necessary not so much to “teach” as to try to “awaken” the subconscious.

Arabic script is not at all complicated, but it amazingly helps to “reveal” a person’s different ways thinking: analogue, creative, composite...

True, there was such a story. Once, in a large Russian bank, I had to teach the basics of economics to local managers. I discovered with horror that the top management did not understand the diagrams at all and could not read pictures. And it can only read sequential text.

That is, the evolution of the banking business in the country has taken place - very strange. According to the principle of “washing out” people with abstract thinking. That is, those who do not know how to think abstractly have come together. Their entire advantage is the ability to “be shit”... With Arabic training, it will be more difficult to become a banker. But we learn a language - for a different development...

So if you are going to work in banks (or with such a category of people), stop learning Arabic (and forget what I already said). Otherwise, then you will have to stupidly hide a third of your brain in order to fit in with the “environment” and especially with your superiors.

But there is nothing wrong with abstract, creative thinking. In the end, when a crowd of Caucasian youth stops you in a dark alley, there is no need to panic. Really use your brains. As a rule, this does not mean anything bad, except that young people have nothing to occupy their time, and you have a reason to drink together. And you need to know how to see this reason. And how to develop it correctly.

Here in the picture below are two Arabic words of three letters.
Of course, since we are learning Old Belarusian, it might be worth writing an Old Belarusian word of three letters, but whoever needs it will write it himself by the end of the lesson...
three letters are three troughs. The dots above the letter indicate that the first word is “BIT”, the second is BNT.”

as already mentioned, even without vowels, a literate Arab will guess
that these are the words Bayt - house (hamsa and two sukkun - in vowels),
and Bint - a girl (kesra and two sukkun).
With vowels - two words will look like this.

I draw in Adobe with a mouse, if you don’t like it, draw it yourself.
Pencil, paper, sharpener - go ahead.
Beautiful handwriting for many is sufficient aesthetic satisfaction,
to practice Arabic. But we are talking about the harmony of language in general here,
and not about the beauty of his handwriting. Although - you will be pleased to think that after one day of training you will be able to write Arabic words - more beautifully than your teacher.

Lastly.

There is no need to feel complex about your lack of knowledge of the Arabic language in front of today's carriers of Arabic culture.

Firstly, all the Arabs you are interested in (for one reason or another) speak Russian or English. AND English language for them - it will be objectively more comfortable to explain the terms of European culture. The Arabic language is an opportunity to touch Arab culture in general, and not to a specific person in particular.

Secondly, we must understand that the Arab culture of the Middle East is, after all, rather a young culture. Its renaissance in the Middle East began only at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. And when you get acquainted with the works of German and Russian Arabists (Krachkovsky’s four-volume work), you see and understand that at the end of the 19th century, the centers of study of the Arabic language and the Koran were Berlin, Kazan, St. Petersburg... And not Cairo and Damascus .

Jerusalem and Riyadh became centers of Arab culture only in the second half of the 20th century... and before that, an ordinary Arab in the desert in the morning washed himself with camel urine, jumped on a camel, and wandered to the neighboring oasis. And the harsh desert life then left no room or resources for higher manifestations of culture. This is neither good nor bad. Walk through museums in Arab countries to understand the meager and dreary life of nomads - even half a century ago.

To catch up.

Arabs consider "a" and "o" as one vowel,
they do not distinguish between these vowels.
they distinguish consonants as front ones.

They have different consonants with which the syllables “sa” and “so” begin.
That's why they have two consonants - where we have one.
And there are two different letters - “t”, “s”, “d”, “th”, “z”. One of them is “front” - after it you hear “a”,
and the other is the back one, after it you hear “o”.

The difference between them is colossal.

Kalb and Kalb are almost imperceptible to the Russian ear, but to the Arab they mean “heart” or “dog”. A gentle compliment - or an insult. They always call one famous Israeli politician “Kalb-va-ibn-al-kyalb” (The Dog and the Son of the Dog).
And if you mess it up... it won’t turn out very nicely...

The letter, which simply means the short sound "o" - they convey it through the special letter "ain", means a guttural "semi-wheezing" and which in writing looks similar to the "non-Russian" letter "Ъ", as in the word "B-Ъ- Bulgaria"

Cyril and Methodius were stealing ideas - clearly not from the Greeks (or not only from the Greeks).
But for some reason the Semitic roots in Russian Empire was forbidden to see.
That is, one could see the roots - from a certain “Greek” language 2 thousand years ago. But the “Arab” roots are relatively young - they didn’t notice.

Soviet Arabist Vashkevich. By the way, I found hundreds of parallels between the Russian and Arabic languages. You can find a lot about this on the Internet. Here are examples only starting with the letter "e".

BARELY, barely - the same as barely. ♦ From Arabic علة yillah "weakness".

EMELYA, Give up Emelya is not your week (proverb. Dahl) - Behind the name Emelya is the Arabic عمل amal “work”.

EREMEY, every Eremey understand to himself (proverb. Dahl) - on his own mind. ♦ Behind the name Eremey is the Arabic آمر "a:mara" to plot.

YERMIL, the hillbilly Yermil, is dear to the townswomen (proverb. Dahl). ♦ behind the name Ermil is the Arabic أرمل “armal “widow”.

Nonsense, talk nonsense - tell lies, talk nonsense. ♦ Behind the Russian nonsense lies the Arabic ده غير gerun da “not that,” i.e. wrong. For Russian, carry the Arabic نصت nassa(t) (feminine gender) “pronounce the text”, “read”. The grammatical term of Latin grammar comes from ar. جرد garrada "to form the original simplest grammatical form of a word."

To learn a language you need practice.
beautiful handwriting is in itself a reason to be proud.
After 10 conscious writings, a person automatically remembers everything.
Paper, pencil, sharpener - and as in childhood - through copybooks.

What frightens us in Arabic studies is the multiplicity of spellings for the same letter. initial, final, middle, separate. But these are just the principles of adding a letter.

As in the Georgian joke:
Vilka - bottle - written without a soft sign,
salt beans - with soft
This is impossible - we need to believe in it...

Here it is worth telling an anecdote that all Russians who have lived in Arab countries for a long time know about.
When “another Arab” decides to learn Russian, he spends several days learning the Russian alphabet, in the process of learning which he annoys everyone around him. Who can hardly tolerate his senseless tediousness. we know that the Russian language must be taught differently. And those who change the way they study achieve success in it. But - Arabic really needs to be learned, starting with letters - and going from the roots of words - to more complex meanings.

And to oral language- It is advisable to go through writing.
sometimes you think that those who developed methods for teaching children English and French went through the “torture of Semitic languages.” Because you can see the “ears” of other methods that are poorly suited for European languages.

Why did I start telling all this?
exactly - not only to teach the basics of the Arabic language.
And certainly not so that you sit down with the Holy Books this evening. Although - I repeat - if anything happens, it’s not my fault. This is your subconscious. Arabs sincerely believe that Arabic is the language of angels. So perhaps there is something “in the subconscious”.

More to tell in detail that the connections between Russian, Slavic culture - and Semitic, Arabic languages ​​- are much stronger than we were taught from childhood. We were even forced to read the Bible translated from Greek and German. Although Arabic is the closest of the world languages ​​to the biblical one. When they take the long route to get acquainted with the Truths, this means that they want to deceive someone, to fool someone. And perhaps there is a reason for not revealing everything to us.

After finishing 10th grade at summer holidays I went to Dagestan. Usually you are constantly surrounded by relatives there. But one day I was left in Makhachkala, left to my own devices. And he went for a walk around the city. This was probably my first independent walk through a foreign city. I walked along Gamidov Avenue towards the mountains. And suddenly, I saw a sign “Islamic shop”. No matter how strange it may seem, my first acquisition in Dagestan was an Arabic script.

Arriving at my uncle's house, I opened it. There were all types of writing letters and their pronunciation was explained in relation to the Dagestan alphabet “The letter ع approximately corresponds to the Arabic gI”, “The letter ح is similar to the Avar xI”. Together with ظ, these were the most difficult letters for me, because... it was hard to imagine how to pronounce them, and the others were mostly in my language. So I began to learn to read Arabic on my own. An ordinary Russian teenager, far from religion. Then I went to my grandfather’s mountain village. It was a time filled with the events of adolescence, when you try a lot for the first time. Along with all this, I tried to learn Arabic. What moved me when I bought this recipe is still mystical for me.

I recently found my first attempts to write in Arabic, which I began just that summer in the village with my grandfather. (If you click on the screenshots, they should enlarge. The spectacle is not for the faint of heart, I warn you).

Then, already in my 4th year at university, I started doing namaz, started going to the mosque, and met Muslims. One Friday in the mosque I said hello to one of my friends:

Assalamu alaikum! How are you? What are you doing?
- Wa alaikumu piss! Alhamdulillah. Here, I’m studying Arabic.
- How do you study? Are there any courses?
- No, on your own, using the textbook “Learn to read the Koran in Arabic.”

Then this brother went to Kazan to study and there he got new textbooks, and he sold Lebedev’s books “Learn to Read the Koran in Arabic” to me for 500 rubles when he returned from Kazan on his first vacation.

I worked as a night security guard in a store and took this book with me on duty. I started reading it in my free moments between the fights of the local drunks and until I fell asleep. As soon as I started getting acquainted with the book, I thought: “Subhanallah, this Arabic language is so easy to learn.”

My delight knew no bounds. I finished the first book in a month. I didn’t even memorize the words there - I just carefully studied the new rules and read the exercises for them.

Then I got my hands on another textbook (I already wrote about it in the post “A pencil that writes in the brain”). I began to simply study a lesson a day (they are very small). I simply learned new words in the morning - and then repeated them all day (on the bus, while walking, etc.) After a couple of months, I already knew almost 60 lessons by heart - all the words and figures of speech that were found in them.

After 2 months of classes, I was visiting an Arab and was surprised to discover that I could communicate in Arabic without speaking a word in Russian!!! It started out as a joke. I said hello in Arabic and my friend answered. Then I asked something else and he answered in Arabic again. And when the dialogue began, it was as if there was no turning back. It was as if we didn’t know Russian. My knees were shaking with happiness.

Previously, I needed to learn the Koran “photographically” - stupidly remember the order of all the letters in words. For example, it took me several days to memorize Surah An-Nas. And after I have learned the basics of grammar, I can read Krachkovsky’s translation and the Arabic text of the verse once (matching the translation to each Arabic word), repeat it a couple of times - and the verse is remembered. If you go through a small surah like this (like An-Naba “The Message”). After half an hour of studying, I can look at Krachkovsky’s translation and read the sura in Arabic (essentially from memory). The most difficult thing is usually to remember the order of the verses.

My tragedy is that having learned to read (it took about two months on my own and unsystematically), I simply did not imagine that it was possible, after spending the same amount of time, to learn the basics of grammar and, if I made an effort and developed an active lexicon- you can speak Arabic very soon.

The most a big problem for many people, it is that they imagine the language as an impregnable fortress, the assault and siege of which will take many years. And only after that you will master it. In fact, learning a language is better thought of as a small cottage that you build piece by piece. Having studied basic grammar (changing verbs according to persons and tenses, changing cases, etc. - this is a brochure of 40 pages in length) - consider that you have laid the foundation. Next, an opportunity arose - we built a room where we could live and moved there. Then - the kitchen. Then they built a living room, a children's room, and all the other rooms. I saw how houses were built in this way in Dagestan. Instead of renting an apartment, they buy an inexpensive plot of land, pour the foundation and build at least one room where they move. And then, as far as possible, they continue to build the house on the already poured foundation.

If suddenly someone wants to follow my path, which I consider optimal for those who do it mainly on their own, for example, in their free time from their main studies or work, I have prepared a selection of materials (now they have become more accessible and better).

→ (self-instruction book on reading and writing with voiceover of each word and many tips)

2. Basics of grammar. To study grammar, it is better to arm yourself with many books and choose the one that suits you best. The same rule can be given in different words in different books - so that incomprehensible moments can be considered with different sides. Start with one book and download others as needed.

→ Lebedev. Learn to read the Koran in Arabic - an unobtrusive explanation of the basics of grammar using the example of verses from the Koran (I personally went through the first volume. I hated studying foreign languages ​​all my life, but I read this book as fiction, and I realized that Arabic is my language).

→ - a condensed 40 pages covers all the basics ( short summary any textbook).

→ . A new thorough textbook, containing the basics of grammar with numerous examples, as well as the basics of morphology. Very accessible language and gentle volume.

→ (I haven’t tried it myself, but I’ve heard reviews from friends).

→ (Classics of the genre. Usually it is used as a reference book where you can find any question on grammar).

I think these books should be enough to spare. If you are not satisfied, google Kuzmina, Ibragimov, Frolova and others.

3. Develop an active vocabulary.

→ . - read the preface to this book carefully and you will understand everything. I actually lived with this book for several months until I learned 100 lessons (I wrote about this in the article “A pencil that writes into the brain”). If you repeat “my feat”, you will feel close to the Arab world - no joke.

4. Language practice.

→ Get to know the Arabs, try to communicate with them. For example, you can look for students in the mosque who have just arrived in Russia and speak Russian poorly. If you are hospitable and not intrusive, you can develop very warm and friendly relations. You can learn the language directly from a native speaker.

→ Learn to type in Arabic (). This way you can Google materials that interest you, your favorite nasheeds on YouTube, etc. You will be able to plunge into the Arabic Internet, participate in their forums, discussions, make friends on FaceBook, etc.

You can bookmark the second part of the article, here is the link

Learning to read the Quran consists of 4 basic rules:

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1. Learning the alphabet (the alphabet in Arabic is called Alif wa ba).
2. Teaching writing.
3. Grammar (Tajweed).
4. Reading.

Right away it may seem simple to you. However, all these stages are divided into several sub-items. The main point is that you need to learn how to write correctly. That's right, not correct! If you do not learn to write, then you cannot move on to learning grammar and reading.

2 more very important points: first, with this method you will only learn to read and write in Arabic, but not to translate. To fully delve into this language, you can go to an Arab country and gnaw on the granite of science there. Secondly, you need to immediately decide which Quran you will study from, since there are differences in them. Most of the old teachers teach from the Koran, which is called “Ghazan”.

But I do not recommend doing this, because then it will be difficult to switch to the modern Koran. The font is very different everywhere, but the meaning of the text is the same. Naturally, “Gazan” is easier to learn to read, but it is better to start learning with a modern font. If you don’t quite understand the difference, then look at the picture below, this is exactly what the font in the Koran should look like:

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I think that if you want to learn how to read the Quran, you have already bought it. Now you can move on to the alphabet. At this stage, I advise you to start a notebook and remember school. All letters individually must be written out in a notebook 100 times. The Arabic alphabet is no more complicated than the Russian one. Firstly, it has only 28 letters, and secondly, there are only 2 vowels: “ey” and “alif”.

But this can also make the language difficult to understand. Because in addition to letters, there are also sounds: “un”, “u”, “i”, “a”. Moreover, almost all letters (except for “uau”, “zey”, “ray”, “zal”, “dal”, “alif”) at the end, in the middle and at the beginning of words are written differently. Most people also have problems with reading from right to left. After all, they read from left to right. But in Arabic it's the other way around.

It can also make writing difficult. The main thing in it is that the handwriting has a bias from right to left, and not vice versa. It may take you a long time to get used to it, but after a while you will bring everything to automaticity. Now UchiEto will show you the Arabic alphabet (the yellow frames highlight the spelling options for letters depending on their location in the word):

First, it is important that you write as much as possible. You need to get better at this, because now you are building the foundation of your training. In a month it is quite possible to learn the alphabet, know the spelling variants and learn to write. If you are interested, you can do it in half a month.

Once you have learned the alphabet and learned to write, you can move on to grammar. In Arabic it is called "tajweed". You can learn grammar directly while reading. Just a small nuance - in the Koran the beginning is not where everyone is used to. The beginning is at the end of the book, but it is better to start with the first surah of the Quran called Al-Fatihah.

Video lessons

After finishing 10th grade, I went to Dagestan for the summer holidays. Usually you are constantly surrounded by relatives there. But one day I was left in Makhachkala, left to my own devices. And he went for a walk around the city. This was probably my first independent walk through a foreign city. I walked along Gamidov Avenue towards the mountains. And, suddenly, I saw a sign “Islamic shop”. No matter how strange it may seem, my first acquisition in Dagestan was an Arabic script.

Arriving at my uncle's house, I opened it. There were all types of writing letters and their pronunciation was explained in relation to the Dagestan alphabet “The letter ع approximately corresponds to the Arabic gI”, “The letter ح is similar to the Avar xI”. Together with ظ, these were the most difficult letters for me, because... it was hard to imagine how to pronounce them, and the others were mostly in my language. So I began to learn to read Arabic on my own. An ordinary Russian teenager, far from religion. Then I went to my grandfather’s mountain village. It was a time filled with the events of adolescence, when you try a lot for the first time. Along with all this, I tried to learn Arabic. What moved me when I bought this recipe is still mystical for me.

I recently found my first attempts to write in Arabic, which I began just that summer in the village with my grandfather.
Over the summer I learned to read. But then I abandoned this business for many years and remained stuck on this knowledge. The Arabic language seemed something unusually distant and incomprehensible. And my lifestyle was far from learning this language.

Then, already in my 4th year at university, I started doing namaz, started going to the mosque, and met Muslims. One Friday in the mosque I said hello to one of my friends:

- Assalamu alaikum! How are you? What are you doing?
- Wa alaikumu piss! Alhamdulillah. Here, I’m studying Arabic.
- How do you study? Are there any courses?
— No, on your own, using the textbook “Learn to read the Koran in Arabic.”

Then this brother went to Kazan to study and there he got new textbooks, and he sold Lebedev’s books “Learn to Read the Koran in Arabic” to me for 500 rubles when he returned from Kazan on his first vacation.

I worked as a night security guard in a store and took this book with me on duty. I started reading it in my free moments between the fights of the local drunks and until I fell asleep. As soon as I started reading the book, I thought, “Subhanallah, this Arabic language is so easy to learn.”

For so many years I was stupidly able to read and had difficulty memorizing the verses of the Koran - and now I began to understand the logic of the entire language!

My delight knew no bounds. I finished the first book in a month. I didn’t even memorize the words there - I just carefully studied the new rules and read the exercises for them.

Then I got my hands on a textbook" First Arabic lessons ". I began to simply learn a lesson a day (they are very small there). I simply learned new words in the morning - and then repeated them all day (on the bus, while walking, etc.). After a couple of months I already knew almost 60 lessons by heart - all the words and figures of speech that were found in them.

After 2 months of classes, I was visiting an Arab and was surprised to discover that I could communicate in Arabic without speaking a word in Russian!!! It started out as a joke. I said hello in Arabic and my friend answered. Then I asked something else and he answered in Arabic again. And when the dialogue began, it was as if there was no turning back. It was as if we didn’t know Russian. My knees were shaking with happiness.

Previously, I needed to learn the Koran “photographically” - stupidly remember the order of all the letters in words. For example, it took me several days to memorize Surah An-Nas. And after I have learned the basics of grammar, I can read Krachkovsky’s translation and the Arabic text of the verse once (matching the translation to each Arabic word), repeat it a couple of times - and the verse is remembered. If you go through a small surah like this (like An-Naba “The Message”). After half an hour of studying, I can look at Krachkovsky’s translation and read the sura in Arabic (essentially from memory). The most difficult thing is usually to remember the order of the verses.

My tragedy is that having learned to read (it took about two months on my own and haphazardly), I simply could not imagine that it was possible to spend the same amount of time learning the basics of grammar and, if you make an effort and develop an active vocabulary, you can speak Arabic very soon.

The biggest problem for many people is that they think of language as an impregnable fortress that will take many years to storm and siege. And only after that you will master it. In fact, learning a language is better thought of as a small cottage that you build piece by piece. Having studied basic grammar (changing verbs by persons and tenses, changing cases, etc. - this is a brochure of 40 pages in volume) - consider that you have laid the foundation. Next, an opportunity arose - we built a room where we could live and moved there. Then - the kitchen. Then they built a living room, a nursery, and all the other rooms. I saw how houses were built in this way in Dagestan. Instead of renting an apartment, they buy an inexpensive plot of land, pour the foundation and build at least one room where they move. And then, as far as possible, they continue to build the house on the already poured foundation.

If suddenly someone wants to follow my path, which I consider optimal for those who do it mainly on their own, for example, in their free time from their main studies or work, I have prepared a selection of materials (now they have become more accessible and better).

1. Learn to read and write

→ Talking textbook (a self-instruction manual on reading and writing with voiceover of each word and many tips)

2. Basics of grammar.To study grammar, it is better to arm yourself with many books and choose the one that suits you best. The same rule can be given in different words in different books - so that incomprehensible moments can be considered from different angles. Start with one book and download others as needed.

→ Lebedev. Learn to read the Quran in Arabic — an unobtrusive explanation of the basics of grammar using the example of verses from the Koran (I personally went through the first volume. I hated studying foreign languages ​​all my life, but I read this book as fiction, and I realized that Arabic is my language).

→ Yashukov. Arabic grammar tutorial — a compressed volume of 40 pages gives all the basics (a brief summary of any textbook).

→ Khaibullin. Arabic grammar . A new thorough textbook, containing the basics of grammar with numerous examples, as well as the basics of morphology. Very accessible language and sparing volume.

→ Rules of the Arabic language in a simplified and simplified form . (I haven’t tried it myself, but I’ve heard reviews from friends).

→ Kovalev, Sharbatov. Arabic textbook . (A classic of the genre. It is usually used as a reference book where you can find any grammar question).

I think these books should be enough to spare. If you are not satisfied, google Kuzmina, Ibragimov, Frolova and others.

3. Develop an active vocabulary

→ First Arabic lessons . - read the preface to this book carefully and you will understand everything. I actually lived with this book for several months until I learned 100 lessons. If you repeat “my feat,” you will feel close to the Arab world—jokes aside.

4. Language practice

→ Get to know the Arabs, try to communicate with them. For example, you can look for students in the mosque who have just arrived in Russia and speak Russian poorly. If you are hospitable and not intrusive, you can develop very warm and friendly relations. You can learn the language directly from a native speaker. ). This way you can Google materials that interest you, your favorite nasheeds on YouTube, etc. You will be able to plunge into the Arabic Internet, participate in their forums, discussions, make friends on FaceBook, etc.