How to put the letter g at home. Training the correct pronunciation of the letter “Ш”

A newborn baby, growing up, maturing and developing, daily pleases and touches his parents with his successes, achievements, new sounds, and then words.

At first, the baby gurgles and babbles, confuses letters funny or pronounces sounds incorrectly. All this can be quite funny, but if time passes and the child still fails to fully master speech skills, then this becomes a problem, and not a reason for fun.

One of the most common disorders is a speech defect called burr, that is, when the baby does not pronounce the sound R at all or poorly. Why does this happen and what to do to prevent or eliminate this problem - these are the questions many parents ask.

The irresistible letter P: the main cases of speech impediment, its causes and consequences

Being very young, the child first masters vowel sounds - they are heard in his screaming, crying, and humming. Then, gradually, the time comes to become acquainted with other sounds, as a result of which the baby’s speech is replenished not only with vowels, but also with consonants, and this makes it more diverse and richer.

Parents must understand that speech formation does not occur spontaneously - this process follows a certain schedule, so you cannot teach your baby to pronounce complex sounds if he has not yet mastered simple ones.

According to statistics, P is the most difficult sound to pronounce, which is why it comes last in the chain. Based on this, we can conclude that the child begins to confidently “growl” only at a more or less conscious age.

When should you worry?

Usually, sound can erupt on its own at five to six years of age. This age limit is set for the sounds R and L. A healthy and normally developing child masters the rest by the age of four to four and a half years.

Before reaching this age, it is too early to panic - there is no need to demand anything from the child or take him to specialists.

However, do not forget to engage in the development of the baby, because articulation exercises and phonetic complexes, which help to quickly master pronunciation, contribute to the correct formation and improvement of the speech apparatus, give the tongue flexibility and mobility, and train breathing and the muscles of the articulatory block.

If the speech defect does not go away even in preschool age, then it is worth paying more attention to the problem, and first of all, to figure out why and how exactly the child does not pronounce the sound R.

How does the defect manifest in a child and why does this happen?

Speech therapy practice knows many examples of children distorting the sound R:

• the baby pronounces a sound, but only in some words - most often this is possible in the middle of words or at the beginning, but at the endings the P is swallowed or simply sounds indistinct;
• P can also disappear in the middle of a word if it is between two vowels, for example, in the words “frost” - pronounced “ma_oz” or garage - sounds like “ga_azh”;
• during pronunciation, a replacement occurs with another sound - usually with L - the famous “lyba” instead of “fish” or “vines” instead of “rose”, also with Y or Y, and sometimes with a burry G - this phenomenon is called “parorotacism” ";
• instead of R, the child produces a guttural or guttural sound - pronunciation using the larynx, according to speech therapists, may be a cause for concern and further examination of the child, since most often this indicates some health problems;
• In bilingual children, the sound P may be produced atypically for our hearing and speech; for example, the child will grate in the French manner or pronounce it with strong vibration, as in English.

Previously, it was believed that the cause of difficulties with the sound R in the speech of children was a congenital shortening of the frenulum of the tongue or a too short hyoid ligament, which prevents the tongue from moving normally and fully, and also prevents it from rising high for the correct pronunciation of the sound.

Indeed, this speech therapy problem can be called the most common, but there are other disorders that can also result in speech problems.

Possible problems and consequences

Let's remember how, according to all the rules, the sound R should be pronounced. Firstly, the tongue must be raised to the alveoli, and secondly, it is necessary to ensure that the passing air stream makes its tip tremble.

If you look at the problem of burr or, as doctors call it, rotacism, you will find that the main problem is precisely the absence of this very vibration.

Or rather, there is vibration, but it is not the tip of the tongue that vibrates. Eg:

• with buccal rotacism the cheeks will be involved;
• with lateral pronunciation - the edges of the tongue, that is, the air exhaled by the child when pronouncing a sound goes to the side, and not forward, as needed;
• if a coachman's sound is diagnosed, it means that the lips are involved in the vibration;
• with a nasal sound, when R is pronounced as if the baby has a constant runny nose, the air goes in the wrong direction due to the fact that the passage into the nasal cavity is not closed by the soft palate;
• with throaty pronunciation, there is vibration of the soft palate or the small tongue on it;
• if a child says R in the English manner, this means that there is also no vibration of the tip of the tongue, but it only hits the hard palate once, which is why speech therapists also call this sound single-impact.

Pathologies such as a tongue that is too large (macroglossia) or too small (microglossia) are also possible.

If the appearance of rhotacism is associated with the physiological features of the structure of the child’s speech apparatus, then they will have to be corrected with the help of doctors, for example, it is recommended to trim the frenulum at the dentist.

In addition, speech disorders occur for the following reasons:

• weakness of the tongue muscles - this usually happens if the child sucks the pacifier for too long;
• problems with phonemic hearing;
• inactivity of the articulatory apparatus;
• problems with speech breathing.

As for the last point, special attention should be paid to it and its importance noted, since speech breathing is a kind of basis for correct sound production. And many health problems can disrupt it and create various “problems,” for example, chronic runny nose or diseases of the cardiovascular system, or enlarged adenoids, as well as immune diseases.

Do I need to see a speech therapist?

Sometimes parents prefer to cope with difficulties on their own, without the help of specialists and doctors. However, it is still worth visiting a speech therapist, especially if the problem is persistent and concerning.

Firstly, he will be able to determine why the baby has difficulties with pronunciation. Secondly, the speech therapist will select a suitable set of exercises to solve your child’s speech problem, show you exactly how to do them, so that later you can work with your baby on your own.

But the most important thing is that a visit to a specialist and examination will allow you to detect serious abnormalities at the initial stage and avoid the risk of their further progression and development. Among such dangerous disorders, doctors identify dysarthria - a pathology affecting the brain, dyslalia or tongue-tiedness.

Such serious reasons will require additional examination, consultation and treatment from other doctors. If the development of speech is not hampered by diseases or pathologies, but simply by the child’s weak articulatory apparatus or tongue muscles, then the speech therapist will advise you to perform general gymnastics with the baby, select exercises for producing the sound R and help bring it to automation.

A set of correct exercises for self-study

If the child’s articulatory apparatus is characterized by inactivity, then speech gymnastics in the form of a game will be useful to you during classes. This is also relevant for young children for general development and prevention of speech disorders.

For example, you can work with children under four years old using funny rhymes and tongue twisters with the sound R:

• the famous Greek who rode across the river;
• about the grass in the yard and the firewood on it;
• about Clara and Karl;
• about piglets and crucian carp;
• a cheerful song from friends - “tra-ta-ta, we are taking a cat with us...” and many others.

Speak with your child simple words that he knows and uses every day: hand, river, motor, yard, game, pocket, cancer, rose, fish, barn, garage, etc.

Pure sayings also help, that is, rhyming lines, for example, “RO-RO-RO - the crow has a black feather” or “RA-RA-RA - an interesting game.” The sound can be sung in different combinations: first in the usual position - “RI-RE-RA-RO-RU”, and then in the intervocal position - “IRI-ERE-ARA-ORO-URU”.

Children really like games using the sound R: you can roar like big tigers or lions, shoot at targets with a pistol (“tra-ta-ta”), ride on a tractor chair (“hole-drr”). Your main task is to go from simple to complex.

• You teach your child to pronounce a sound confidently on its own, that is, in isolation.
• You help your baby master syllables and then short words.
• You try to train him in speech using sentences, poems, tongue twisters and songs.

Otherwise, the child will not be able to repeat after you a complex tongue twister or rhyme, and will be scared or withdrawn even more because he can’t do anything. As a result, you will be refused further classes. Therefore, you should be patient and try together with your baby.

The video provides an example of how you can conduct classes with your child on pronunciation of the letter R.

Exercises for the development and training of the articulatory apparatus, helping to teach how to say the letter P

It is better to perform all exercises while sitting in front of a mirror; the baby can also hold a small mirror in his hands. Set aside a specific time for classes - it is best to study in the morning or in the first half of the day, when the child is not yet tired.

At first, each exercise can be repeated five times, and then the number of repetitions should be gradually increased to eight or ten. In total, the lesson should not last more than twenty minutes.

Do the exercises with your child - this will help him quickly learn what exactly they want from him and will give him confidence in the correct execution.

First you need to knead and warm up the articulatory apparatus. Before exercising, you should wash your hands thoroughly.

• "Tube or proboscis."

We stretch our lips into a tube and hold them like that for about ten seconds. Then we imagine that we are baby elephants and are trying to suck in air through this tube.

• "From a smile."

We part our lips in a wide smile and hold them tense for ten to fifteen seconds.

• “We open the window.”

We open our mouth wide and hold it there, first counting from one to ten, and then increasing the count.

• "Painter with a brush."

You smile and open your mouth, but not wide. You need to move your tongue across the upper palate, like a brush, towards the throat from the upper teeth.

• "Clock with a pendulum."

We smile again and open our mouths. We stick our tongue forward, and then swing it from the right corner of the mouth to the left, that is, from side to side.

• "We raise the sail."

The tip of the tongue should be raised behind the upper front teeth onto the tubercle of the palate. Its back should be slightly bent forward, and the edges should be pressed against the upper molars.

• "Teeth cleaning".

The starting position will be the same as in the previous exercises. With the tip of your tongue you need to go over the entire inner surface of the upper row of teeth, as if brushing or sweeping them, and then rest your tongue on each upper tooth in turn. The jaw should not move in this exercise.

• “A mosquito has arrived.”

Open your mouth and move the tip of your tongue behind your front teeth. We try to pronounce the sound “Z-z” like this, then return the tongue back, rest on the upper palate right at the base of the teeth and say “Z-z” again.

• "Needle."

We stick our narrow tongue forward. Hold it like this for at least ten seconds.

• "Small cup"

Opening your mouth, you need to reach your upper teeth with your tongue, but do not touch them. The tongue curves and is shaped like a cup.

• “Let’s start the engine.”

The thumb should be placed under the tongue and moved to the right and left, as if starting a car engine, pronouncing the sound “d-d-d”, which over time should turn into “dr-r-r”.

• "The cat drinks milk."

We try to lap up imaginary milk, like a kitten, curling our tongue.

• "Who's next?"

• "A moment of mischief."

We stick out our tongue and chatter it as if we are teasing.

• "Biting snake."

We stretch our tongue forward and lightly bite its tip.

• “The horse runs and runs.”

Open your mouth wide. First, you need to stick your tongue to the roof of your mouth, and then flick it hard. Make sure that the jaw does not move, but that the entire tongue moves. Clattering like a galloping horse, the child will stretch the hyoid ligament and train it. We stop the horse with the sound “tppr”, but make sure that this sound is deaf for the child, and the lips do not vibrate, but simply tremble.

• "The beat of a drum or the sound of a woodpecker."

We strike with force the tip of the tongue on the upper palate, directly on the tubercles of the front teeth, while quickly pronouncing the sound “D-d”.

• "Play, harmonica."

We raise our tongue and “suck” it to the palate. We try to open and close our mouth without lifting our tongue.

• “It’s cold - I’m freezing!”

We pronounce “brrr”, but do not tense our lips.

• “Let’s jump with you.”

We alternately touch the tubercles with our tongue, which are located above the upper teeth, as if making jumps. Come up with a fairy tale with your child about how a cheerful tongue can jump high to make it more interesting for him to do the exercise.

• "Important Turkey."

Open your mouth slightly and place the wide front edge of your tongue on your upper lip. Slowly move it down and up, without lifting it from your lip. Make sure there is no movement left or right. Little by little, try increasing the speed of movement and adding the turkey “bl-bl” sound. Then you can complicate the exercise by sharply throwing your tongue out between your lips and hiding it back.

• "The wind blows".

We blow strongly on a feather, a leaf, or cotton wool, smiling broadly and pressing the tip of our tongue to the tubercles behind the front upper teeth. The tongue should tremble so that a dull “trrr” sound appears. Come up with an air race game for your child to see who can blow harder, whose leaf will fly farthest, etc.

• “We’re baking pancakes.”

Place a relaxed, wide tongue on your lower lip. Slap your lips to flatten your tongue and make it smooth with a “five-five” sound.

• “We play hide and seek or curious tongue.”

We smile and first make our tongue wide. Then we slowly hide it in the house (mouth), pressing it against the tubercles behind the front upper teeth. You can call the tongue with the words “peek-a-boo, show yourself to us” or something curious so that it smoothly peeks out again and touches the upper lip. We repeat the movements back and forth in a playful manner.

• “We chatter like magpies.”

We place a wide tongue on the tubercles and blow out air, saying “tr-r-r.” We start with a whisper and gradually move to a loud sound.

• "My favorite drum."

The lips are parted in a smile, the lower jaw does not move. Drum the tip of the tongue on the tubercles behind the upper teeth, pronouncing the sound “d-d-d”.

When the child confidently masters the hard sound R, it will be possible to move on to training the soft R sound. Having taught your child to pronounce these sounds individually automatically, move on to the stage of pronouncing them in words in different positions, and also train combinations with other sounds, and consolidate pronunciation in syllables.

The author of the video shares tips on how to teach a child to pronounce the letter R and correct mistakes in pronunciation.

Conclusion

Incorrect pronunciation is, of course, not a tragedy, but why leave things to chance if you can help your child cope with this problem. Perhaps in the future he will want to become a TV presenter or actor, although competent and beautiful speech will adorn a person of any profession.

Interesting activities and exercises in the form of a game, your effort, positive mood and good emotions will certainly lead to an excellent result, so that one fine day you and your baby will rejoice at his distinct growl and victory over this capricious R sound.

When a child begins to speak, parents have to make a lot of efforts to ensure that the baby pronounces sounds correctly. The sound R is rightfully considered one of the most difficult. Sometimes it is difficult for the crumbs. The task of parents at this time is not to laugh at their burry child, but to help him. How to teach a child to say the letter R? Now we'll tell you.

General rules

Usually, for the time being, parents do not pay much attention to their child’s “French” pronunciation. The alarm begins to sound closer to the school. Meanwhile, the sooner they take care of the child, the easier and faster the insidious letter will enter the lexicon.

Some sources require that the first step is to explain to the baby the difference between sounds and letters. They say that in first grade it will be easier for the child later.

Let's face it: not every adult knows the difference these days. Therefore, do not bother your child. By the way, in first grade the teacher will explain to your child everything about letters and sounds without you. This means leave your child a little childhood; he will still have time to get bored with school. In general, do the letter R, and nothing else.

What to do if your child can’t seem to get the letter R? Contact a speech therapist. No, it is not at all necessary to attend classes regularly. You can save a considerable part of the family budget if you are ready to take care of your baby yourself. But it’s worth visiting a specialist at least once. He will identify the problem and tell you in which direction to move.

Advice. You definitely need to see a speech therapist. Often, parents, in pursuit of the letter P, do not notice that their offspring distorts other letters.

Immediately turn around and leave if the specialist begins to intimidate you. Allegedly, dysplasia, pathologies and terrible brain diseases develop from burring. This “speech therapist” just wants to get more money out of you. Remember, no one has ever died from rhotacism (the official name for burr). Look, the residents of France and Germany are all burping. And what? Do they all just fall in stacks and die from pathologies? How many people speak English? After all, there is no clear letter R. So, a pathetic semblance. Would you say that absolutely everyone suffers from brain diseases? Nonsense.

Look for a good specialist who will give you valuable recommendations on how to teach your child to say the letter R, and not tell fairy tales.

By the way, burring may be due to underdevelopment of the frenulum. And, if previously you had to cut it surgically, now you can avoid such drastic measures. There are many exercises that allow you to stretch and develop the frenulum painlessly.

Did you know? It turns out that the most severe form of rhotacism is the laryngeal variant (or glottal). In this case, it can be very difficult for parents to teach their child to say the letter P correctly. This definitely cannot be done without the help of a speech therapist. Because this is no longer speech correction, but retraining.

Do not force your offspring to perform speech therapy exercises. Choose a time when your baby:

• got enough sleep
• fed
• healthy
• rested
• in a good mood

Be sure to use game elements to interest your child. Leave the dry official language for yourself. You can fool around with your child, but only on the basis of recommended activities. And don't overexert your child. A couple of times a day for 20-25 minutes is more than enough to prevent the baby from developing an aversion to learning.

And further. In addition to special exercises for the letter P, do not discount other lessons on training the entire speech apparatus. After all, only an integrated approach will help you overcome a difficult letter.

Exercises for the letter P

Most are designed to develop the tip of a child's tongue. It is he who is responsible for the correct pronunciation of the letter R. At the same time, other participants in speech should be trained: lips, surface of the tongue, cheeks.

Here are the most common and effective exercises:

1. Drummer. We open our mouth wide, the tip of the tongue leans against the base of the upper incisors. We pronounce the letter D quickly and often. At the same time, the tip of the tongue vibrates and almost the letter R is formed.
2. Cab. Open your mouth wide, raise the tip of your tongue to the upper palate. We exhale the air sharply through the tip of the tongue. It should sound like a dull TRRR.
3. Artist. We open our mouth wide, raising the tip of the tongue again to the upper palate. With force we begin to draw various doodles on the sky with our tongue. It is best to drive back and forth and left and right.
4. Horse. The most ordinary clicking sound. Or clicking your tongue. Remember how you did this as a child and show your child.

Be sure to ensure that your child does not move his lower jaw during training. This is the most common mistake. At first, your baby may not be able to do the exercise. Don't despair, after a while everything will work out perfectly. And the ill-fated letter R is not far off.

Advice. Be sure to show your child by example how to position your tongue and lips, and how to blow air. In words, sometimes it is not very clear what needs to be done. And don’t forget about the gaming component of the classes.

Exhalation exercises

Such exercises are an indispensable attribute of articulatory gymnastics. Because without a strong exhalation the sound R cannot be pronounced (you need vibration of the tip of the tongue). By the way, instead of training, you can blow soap bubbles. Or roll a light ping pong ball across the table. Or even try to hold a balloon in the air with one breath without hands. Have a competition to see who can blow a piece of paper across the table the furthest. In short, develop your child’s imagination and exhalation power.

Here are some exercises for this:

1. Naughty. We stick out our tongue and quickly grab it with our lips several times. At the same time, we exhale deeply.
2. Pendulum. We smile and open our mouth a little. We stick out the tip of our tongue and move it from one corner of the lips to the other. At the same time we exhale.
3. Mosquito. Open your mouth slightly and stick out the tip of your tongue. We pronounce the letter Z, exhaling air strongly. Now we hide the tongue inside. We say the long letter Z again and exhale again.

Speech therapists recommend that parents purchase a special spatula for practicing. It's very easy to use. During classes, you need to carefully slip the instrument under the child’s tongue and move it left and right. This way creates additional vibration at the tip of the tongue. And sometimes the letter R becomes clearly audible.

Advice. Buy speech therapy spatulas designed for children, not teenagers or adults. They have a neater shape. They also smell delicious of fruit, candy or chocolate.

Sometimes this happens: parents come to their senses and begin to pester the child without any preparation or gymnastics of the speech apparatus. They require you to pronounce entire poems or even tongue twisters. The child gets scared and withdraws into himself.

What can be achieved with such exercises, besides offending the baby? Nothing. To begin with, before training, warm up your speech muscles with additional exercises. And only then try to master a difficult letter.

By the way, speech therapists advise first learning how to correctly pronounce the sound R separately. Then you need to learn to growl for a long time. And only after that you can move on to whole words and sentences. Well, if your child begins to confidently say the letter P in everyday speech ahead of time, then you shouldn’t stop him. After all, your baby turned out to be smarter than you thought. Let him growl to his heart's content.

Some grandparents remember very well how they bullied their peers with speech impediments. They may begin to intimidate their grandson, promising all heavenly punishments and boycott from other children. Stop such conversations in the bud so that they forget to even think about talking nonsense. Don't understand well? Explain in more crude terms. Nowadays there are so many children with incorrect pronunciation that most peers simply do not pay attention to speech defects. And no one has laughed at a classmate with a burr or a lisp for a long time.

Pay close attention to your child's pronunciation. Sometimes it happens that a child successfully masters the soft letter P, but the hard one just doesn’t work out. Use your own example to show your offspring the correct sound. Let him look into your mouth, let him see how to hold the tip of his tongue and lips. After all, everyone knows that children love to repeat after adults. Use it for good.

It is very convenient to do this in front of a mirror. For example, tell your child that today you are monkeys. Therefore, they must make faces. But for a reason. The speech therapist will tell you exactly how. You can also find many exercises on the Internet.

Don't bore your child with activities. Tired or fed up? Stop and return to training a little later. Alternate exercises so that your baby doesn't get bored. Come up with stories and stories, invite him to create his own fairy tale.

Engage with your child every day. At any convenient time. You can even cook food in the kitchen, but don’t stare at the TV, but play with words with your baby. Use words with the letter R in your speech more often. And not only during exercises. You can even imagine yourself and your child as a family of lions, roaring at an imaginary enemy, or at each other. How many opportunities do loving and caring parents have?

Don’t forget to praise your child for any, even the smallest, victory over the insidious letter R. Never compare your child with other children. He is your only and most beloved.

How to teach a child to say the letter R? Remember - this is not a matter of one day. Be persistent and patient. Engage with your child regularly, but not intrusively. Follow the recommendations of speech therapists. And everything will work out for you. Soon the offspring will begin to growl no worse than a tiger cub.

Video: how to learn to pronounce the sound R

First complex (for whistling sounds [s], [z], [ts])

To pronounce whistling sounds, complex and precise movements of the tongue are required, which involve the tip of the tongue (it is located behind the lower teeth), the lateral edges of the tongue (they are tightly adjacent to the upper molars), the back of the tongue (the front part of it rises to the alveoli and forms with them slit, and when learning, first the bow, then the slit); movements of the lips (in a smile), lower jaw (barely lowered) and the presence of an air stream (quite strong and directed in the middle of the tongue). The following exercises help develop the necessary movements of the tongue and air stream.

Put the ball into the goal

Target: produce a long, directed air stream.
Short description: stretch your lips forward with a tube and blow for a long time onto a cotton ball (lying on the table in front of the child), driving it between two cubes.

Guidelines:

• Make sure that your cheeks do not puff out; to do this, you can lightly hold them with your fingers.
• Push the ball in with one exhalation, not allowing the air stream to be intermittent.

Punish a naughty tongue

Target: develop the ability to relax the muscles of the tongue and hold it wide and spread out.
Short description: open your mouth slightly, calmly place your tongue on your lower lip and, smacking it with your lips, pronounce the sounds five-five-five... Keep your wide tongue in a calm position with your mouth open, counting from one to five to ten.

Methodical instructions.

• The lower lip should not be tucked in or pulled over the lower teeth.
• The tongue should be wide, its edges touching the corners of the mouth.
• You need to pat your tongue with your lips several times in one exhalation. Make sure that the child does not hold back the exhaled air. You can check the implementation like this: bring the cotton wool to the child’s mouth! if he does the exercise correctly, she will deviate. At the same time, this exercise promotes the development of a directed air stream.

Make the tongue wide

Target: develop the ability to hold the tongue in a calm, relaxed position.
Short description: smile, open your mouth slightly, place the wide front edge of your tongue on your lower lip. Hold it in this position for a count of one to five to ten.

Methodical instructions.

• Do not stretch your lips into a strong smile so that there is no tension.
• Make sure that your lower lip does not curl up.
• Do not stick your tongue out too far: it should only cover your lower lip.
• The lateral edges of the tongue should touch the corners of the mouth.
• If this exercise does not work, you need to return to the exercise “Punish a naughty tongue.”

Target: produce a smooth, long-lasting, continuous air stream running down the middle of the tongue.
Short description: smile, place the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and, as if pronouncing the sound [f] for a long time, blow the cotton wool onto the opposite edge of the table.

Methodical instructions.

• The lower lip should not be pulled over the lower teeth.
• You can't puff out your cheeks.
• Make sure that children pronounce the sound [f] and not the sound [x], that is, that the air stream is narrow and not scattered.

Let's brush our teeth

Target: teach children to hold the tip of their tongue behind their lower teeth.
Short description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth slightly and “clean” your lower teeth with the tip of your tongue, first moving your tongue from side to side, then from bottom to top.

Methodical instructions.

• The lips are motionless and in a smiling position.
• Moving the tip of your tongue from side to side, make sure that it is at the gums and does not slide along the upper edge of the teeth.
• Moving your tongue from bottom to top, make sure that the tip of the tongue is wide and begins to move along the roots of the lower teeth.

Glue some candy

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tongue and practice lifting the tongue upward.
Short description: place the wide tip of your tongue on your lower lip. Place a thin piece of toffee on the very edge of your tongue and glue a piece of candy to the roof of your mouth behind your upper teeth.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that only the tongue works - the lower jaw must be motionless.
• Open your mouth no wider than 1.5–2 cm.
• If the lower jaw is involved in the movement, you can place the child's clean index finger on the side between the molars (then it will not close the mouth).
• The exercise must be performed at a slow pace.

Fungus

Target: develop an upward lift of the tongue, stretch the hypoglossal ligament (frenulum).
Short description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth slightly and, pressing your wide tongue with its entire plane to the palate, open your mouth wide. (The tongue will resemble a thin cap of a fungus, and the stretched hyoid ligament will resemble its stem.)

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure your lips are in a smiling position.
• The side edges of the tongue should be pressed equally tightly - neither half should droop.
• When repeating the exercise, you need to open your mouth wider.

Delicious jam

Target: develop an upward movement of the wide front part of the tongue and a position of the tongue close to the shape of a cup, which it takes when pronouncing the sound [w].
Short description: open your mouth slightly and lick your upper lip with the wide front edge of your tongue, moving your tongue from top to bottom, but not from side to side.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw does not help, does not “pull” the tongue upward - it should be motionless (you can hold it with your finger).
• The tongue should be wide, its side edges touching the corners of the mouth.
• If the exercise does not work, you need to return to the exercise “Punish a naughty tongue.” As soon as the tongue becomes spread out, you need to lift it up with a spatula and wrap it over your upper lip.

Harmonic

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tongue, stretch the hypoglossal ligament (frenulum).
Short description: smile, open your mouth slightly, stick your tongue to the roof of your mouth and, without letting go of your tongue, close and open your mouth (just as the bellows of an accordion stretch, so does the hyoid frenulum stretch). The lips are in a smiling position. When repeating the exercise, you should try to open your mouth wider and wider and keep your tongue in the upper position longer.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that your lips remain motionless when opening your mouth.
• Open and close your mouth, holding it in each position for a count of three to ten.
• Make sure that when you open your mouth, one side of the tongue does not sag.

Focus

Target: develop the upward movement of the tongue, the ability to shape the tongue into a ladle and direct the air stream in the middle of the tongue.
Short description: smile, open your mouth slightly, place the wide front edge of the tongue on the upper lip so that its side edges are pressed and there is a groove in the middle of the tongue, and blow off the cotton wool placed on the tip of the nose. The air should go in the middle of the tongue, then the fleece will fly up.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that the lower jaw is motionless.
• The lateral edges of the tongue should be pressed against the upper lip; a gap is formed in the middle into which an air stream flows. If this doesn't work, you can hold your tongue slightly.
• The lower lip should not curl up or be pulled over the lower teeth.

The steamboat is humming

Target: develop an upward lift of the back of the tongue.
Short description: open your mouth slightly and pronounce the sound [s] for a long time (like the hum of a steamship).

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that the tip of the tongue is lowered and located in the depths of the mouth, and the back is raised towards the palate.

Turkey

Target: develop the upward movement of the tongue and the mobility of its front part.
Short description: open your mouth slightly, put your tongue on your upper lip and move the wide front edge of your tongue along your upper lip back and forth, trying not to lift your tongue from your lip - as if stroking it. First, make slow movements, then speed up the pace and add your voice until you hear bl-bl (like a turkey babbling).

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that the tongue is wide and does not narrow.
• So that the tongue moves back and forth, and not from side to side.
• The tongue should “lick” the upper lip, and not be thrown forward.

Swing

Target: develop the ability to quickly change the position of the tongue, which is necessary when combining the sound [l] with the vowels a, ы, o, u.
Short description: smile, show your teeth, open your mouth slightly, put your wide tongue behind your lower teeth (from the inside) and hold in this position for a count of one to five. Then lift your wide tongue by the upper teeth (also from the inside) and hold it for a count of one to five. So, alternately change the position of the tongue 4-6 times.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that only the tongue works, and the lower jaw and lips remain motionless.

Click the tip of your tongue

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop the upward movement of the tongue.
Short description: smile" show your teeth, open your mouth slightly and click the tip of your tongue (like a horse clicking its hooves).

Methodical instructions.

• The exercise is first performed at a slow pace, then faster.
• The lower jaw should not move; Only the language works.
• If the child is unable to click, you need to invite him to do the “Glue the Candy” exercise and then return to this exercise.
• Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not turn inward, that is, that the child clicks his tongue and does not smack.

Silently click the tip of your tongue

Target: develop an upward movement of the tongue and help the child determine the place of the tongue when pronouncing the sound [l].
Short description: the child should make the same movements with his tongue as in the previous exercise, only silently.

Methodical instructions.

• Make sure that the lower jaw and lips are motionless: only the tongue performs the exercise.
• The tip of the tongue should not bend inward.
• The tip of the tongue rests on the roof of the mouth behind the upper teeth, rather than protruding from the mouth.

Whose teeth are cleaner?

Target: develop the upward movement of the tongue and the ability to speak the language.
Short description: open your mouth slightly and use the tip of your tongue to “brush” the inside of your upper teeth, moving your tongue from side to side.

Methodical instructions.

• Lips in a smile, upper and lower teeth visible.
• Make sure that the tip of the tongue does not protrude or bend inward, but is located at the roots of the upper teeth.
• The lower jaw is motionless; Only the language works.

Painter

Target: practice upward movements of the tongue and its mobility.
Short description: smile, open your mouth and “stroke” the hard palate with the tip of your tongue, moving your tongue back and forth.

Methodical instructions.

• The lips and lower jaw should be motionless.
• Make sure that the tip of the tongue reaches the inner surface of the upper teeth as it moves forward and does not protrude from the mouth.

Drummers

Target: strengthen the muscles of the tip of the tongue, develop the upward movement of the tongue and the ability to make the tip of the tongue tense.
Short description: smile, open your mouth and tap the tip of your tongue behind your upper teeth, repeatedly and clearly pronouncing the sound [d]: d-d-d. At first, pronounce the sound d slowly. Gradually speed up the pace.

Methodical instructions.

• The mouth should be open all the time, lips in a smile, lower jaw motionless; Only the language works.
• Make sure that the sound d has the character of a clear blow - not squelching.
• The tip of the tongue should not curl up.
• The sound d must be pronounced so that the exhaled air stream is felt. To do this, you need to bring a strip of paper to your mouth. If the exercise is performed correctly, it will deviate.

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A child’s speech develops throughout preschool age. It is necessary to monitor it from an early age, so that by the first grade the child’s correct pronunciation of letters is fully established. But it happens that school-age children have unclean speech.

Reasons why a child may not pronounce letters

Incorrect pronunciation of letters may be due to improper upbringing. If parents, when communicating with their child, change their voice, lisp or babble, then the baby gets used to such communication and his incorrect pronunciation of letters is reinforced.

Therefore, you need to speak to your child in correct and clear language. Immediately stop the slightest shortcomings in your baby’s speech, because with age it will be several times more difficult to correct them.

Wrong attitude towards spoken language. There is an opinion that learning to speak occurs without intervention from adults. But if parents do not participate in the process of developing the child’s speech, then over time the child’s lag in speech development will begin to appear.

Teaching a child to pronounce sounds

There are many different techniques for correct speech production of a baby. But many parents do not know how to teach their child to pronounce letters at home, and therefore immediately turn to speech therapists for help. Although this problem can often be solved at home. You just need to approach the organization of classes correctly. Parents should remember that they should not overload the baby; the duration of each lesson should not exceed 15 minutes. If the child shows reluctance to study, postpone the lessons for a while. By forcing a child to pronounce letters by force, you can forever discourage him from speaking correctly and learning in general.

Before each lesson, it is necessary to sit the child down, making sure that he sits upright. All distracting objects are removed, the TV is turned off. An excellent option would be to practice in front of a mirror so that the child can see not only the articulation of the adult sitting in front of him, but also his own.

Exercises for pronouncing sounds

Initially, it is recommended to prepare cards that will depict animals and objects that have problematic letters at the beginning, middle or end. You need to observe whether the pronunciation of a complex letter always turns out to be problematic, or in some positions.

• “Rails” (when the tongue must “ride” along the inside of the upper teeth).
• “Silence” (repeat the sound “t-sss” several times, stretching the letter “S”).

To reinforce the letter, you need to choose pictures or words where the letter “C” is present: sleigh, sieve, belt, sun, light. You can use sentences: Sasha sows seeds or poems:

"It's dark in the forest,

Everyone has been sleeping for a long time.

One owl doesn't sleep

She’s sitting on a branch.”

2. Letter "Z" is a brother of “S”, only voiced. Therefore, to teach a child to pronounce the letter “Z”, you need to pronounce “s” only by raising your voice. Show your baby by raising your hand to his throat how the muscles tense, making ringing sounds. We fix the letter with words: hare, animal, tooth, star, as well as sentences: A bunny in winter is like a small animal.

3. The letter "C" can be mastered by resorting to the “Silence” exercise, only you need to pronounce not “t-sss”, but “ts-ts-ts”. We fix it with words: heron, chicken, chain, pizza, and sentences: What color is the bird?

4. Reprimand the letter "SH" You can use a little trick: ask the child to pronounce the letter “c”, and use a spoon to lift the baby’s tongue to the sky. The sound will be “sh”. The letter is fixed with the words: awl, whisper, ears, noise; sentences: Our Masha rustles; and also in verse:

"Dear bear,
Nice bear,
All made of plush
Our bear is sewn.”

5. The same trick can be done with the letters “z” and “z”. Pin letter "F" you need words: beetle, hedgehog, toad. And also in sentences: Zhanna is waiting for a book.

6. To master letter "H", ask the baby to say “tut-tut”, while pressing on the baby’s cheeks with your fingers. Then you will hear the cherished “h”. To reinforce the letter, ask your child to say the words: tea, turtle, daughter, ball; suggestions: Clean the siskin's bathtub.

7. The most common problem for parents is the problem of the letters “R” and “L”. Techniques and exercises to solve this problem are aimed at teaching the child to growl without swallowing complex letters and without replacing the complex “r” with the easier “l”:

“Horse” - together with your child, imitate the clicking and clattering of a horse’s hooves.

“Brush your teeth with your tongue” - ask your baby to smile widely. Then you need to run your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth. Make sure that the child's lower jaw remains motionless.

“Tease” - the child is invited to tease. To do this, the relaxed tongue sticks out and dangles up and down. The teasing is accompanied by a growl.

Special attention in teaching the letters “P” or “L” is paid to tongue twisters:

• The Greek was driving across the river, he saw the Greek: there was cancer in the river.
• There is grass in the yard, there is firewood on the grass: one, two, three there is firewood.
• The brave man ate thirty-three pies, all of them with cottage cheese.
• You can’t say all the tongue twisters quickly.

Secrets to help quickly teach your child to pronounce letters

In addition to direct exercises with the child’s speech muscles and exercises to teach complex letters, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of fine motor skills. Together with your child, sort out the cereals, string beads on a string, and sculpt them from plasticine or dough. And most importantly: while working, do not be silent. Tell your child fairy tales, nursery rhymes or tongue twisters.

Another secret is to teach your child to repeat the letter “D” often. By pronouncing this magic letter, the muscles of the tongue are trained, it is positioned correctly in the mouth, and with constant training, the child will learn to pronounce the complex letter “r”.

When should parents sound the alarm and contact a speech therapist?

If a child cannot master the pronunciation of sounds for a long time, it is necessary to seek help from a speech therapist. Since there are cases when the inability to pronounce certain letters is explained by the physiological characteristics of the child. Thus, an incorrect bite can cause burr or lisp. In such situations, the doctor may prescribe special exercises or surgery, depending on the cause of speech difficulties. Also, a speech therapist as a professional can find other reasons for poor pronunciation and work with them on a more serious level than parents.

When mastering speech skills, children often distort words. They also experience difficulties in pronouncing individual sounds. The notorious “rrrr” is known to many, but what to do if a child changes the letter “l”? The defect can be easily corrected. Parents should show the child to a speech therapist - the specialist will determine the cause of the defect and determine the method of training that will help eliminate it.

If there are speech disorders, it is better, if possible, to show the child to a specialist: he will determine the degree of deviation and help the family cope with it

What influences the occurrence of a defect?

Most sounds are perfectly mastered by a child by the age of 4-4.5 years. If you notice that your baby is having difficulty pronouncing several letters or one “l” sound, look for the reasons. One of the factors may be a speech defect in an adult who is in constant contact with the baby. The child imitates the speech of mom or dad. Pronunciation problems have also been observed in children growing up in bilingual families. It is difficult for a child to master two languages ​​at once; he gets confused and replaces the sounds of one language with the sounds of another. Among the physiological reasons we note the following:

• disorders that arise during the development of speech hearing (the child hears sounds incorrectly);
• pathologies of the hearing aid and speech breathing;
• changes in the structure of the articular apparatus (in the case of the sound “l” this may be a shortened frenulum).

All anatomical changes are determined by a specialist. Self-diagnoses often lead to incorrect treatment and worsening of the defect.

If your child is diagnosed with a shortened frenulum, there is no need to worry. For a long time, the defect was corrected using an incision, but today a new technique has been developed in which the frenulum is stretched to the required size using special exercises.

Pronunciation options for the distorted sound “l”

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When trying to pronounce “l”, the child may replace it with other sounds. There is no definite dependence on the reason that caused the defect - the baby speaks in a way that is easier for him. It might sound like this:

• the child misses the letter “l” (shovel - opata);
• replaces “l” with “y” (horse - horse);
• pronounces the sound “th” instead of the sound “l” (milk - moyoko, spoon - yoshka);
• speaks the hard “l” well and replaces the soft letter with another.

Correct articulation

To fix something, you need to know what it looks like right. It's the same with the sounds we make. It is unlikely that you will be able to pronounce the letter “p” without connecting your lips. In order to make the sound “l”, you need to:

• rest the tip of the tongue against the base of the upper teeth or into the gap formed between the upper and lower teeth;
• when pronouncing the letter, release air strongly along the sides of the tongue;
• The edges of the tongue should not come into contact with the upper and lower teeth located on the sides of the jaw.

If the speech therapist does not find any serious problems with the articulation apparatus in your baby, the correct pronunciation of “l” can be easily done at home. A few lessons with your baby are enough to teach him to reproduce sound well. A few special exercises will make your task easier and your child will enjoy it. They will improve the mobility of the muscles of the larynx, tongue and lips.

In order for the child to understand where he is making a mistake, it is necessary to sit him in front of a mirror and practice the correct position of his tongue and lips

Learning to pronounce the sound “l”

Classes at home are comfortable for both the child and the parents. Experts have developed various exercises that you can do with your baby, turning them into a fun game. Children love to make faces, but our exercises also have benefits. Through a fun and exciting activity, we teach the baby and give him the opportunity to train his tongue for the correct pronunciation of “l”. List of exercises:

1. Smile . Ask your baby to smile widely without opening his lips. Let him hold the smile for 8-10 seconds. Repeat the exercise 7-8 times a day.
2. Breeze. Open your mouth slightly, insert the tip of your tongue between your lips, and lightly “bite” it, squeezing it with your lips. Leaving your tongue in this position, you need to blow hard for three minutes.
3. Clattering. The baby should click like a horse, changing the intensity of the sound. Ask the child not to move the lower jaw, but to click only with the tongue and the upper jaw. The first part of the exercise is done with acceleration, in the second the clicking should be quiet, as if the horse is sneaking.
4. Delicious jam. Invite your child to lick his lips with his tongue as if he had eaten something very tasty. Movements should be wide and circular.
5. Long tongue . Favorite exercise for kids. Children stick out their tongue to its full length and try to reach their nose or chin.
6. Tube. Several times a day, ask your child to roll his tongue into a tube.
7. Long "s". The tip of the tongue is retracted deep into the mouth, the back of the tongue rises to the palate, the child draws out the sound “s”. The exercise is difficult, but it improves the flexibility of the tongue.
8. Breathing. Accompany your lessons by improving your breathing skills. Let your baby blow bubbles more often and encourage his desire to sing. In summer, the baby can blow away ripe dandelions.
9. Fine motor skills. Fine motor exercises help stimulate nerve endings. Modeling, drawing, cutting and gluing appliqués have a positive effect on the development of speech skills and enhance the intellectual development of a little person.

It will also be useful to pronounce tongue twisters and combinations of letters in which “l” is adjacent to different vowels.

How to conduct classes correctly?

When starting classes, remember that in front of you is a small child. The best way to teach him anything is through play. Speech therapy exercises carried out under pressure quickly get boring for kids, so you should not force the child to repeat them for a long time. Start with 1-2 times a day for 3-4 repetitions. Use your own example. Sit with your baby near the mirror so that he can see how he is doing. Children love to imitate the actions of adults; use their interest for educational purposes. Accompany every success of your baby with praise, explain to him what you are teaching and why.

In what situations do you need the help of a speech therapist?

Despite the ease of adjusting the sound, it may turn out that practicing at home will not lead to success. The reasons may be different:

• Russian is not your family’s native language, and its adult members speak with an accent;
• some adults already have speech defects and find it difficult to conduct classes;
• Long lessons could not help the baby learn to pronounce the letter “l”.

In such situations, you need to contact a specialist. A speech therapist will help you correct the exercises and suggest other ways to correct them.

You will need a lot of patience and the ability to entice your child. The slightest progress should be noticed and praised. If your child does not succeed in something, do not scold him, so as not to discourage him from learning.

Difficulties in pronouncing the letter “r” become a common problem (more details in the article:). We recommend that you refer to one of our materials that tells you how to deal with this problem. The principle is almost the same: it is necessary to stimulate children so that they speak words with this sound more often. Study the articulation when pronouncing “r”, show it to your baby. Use pictures of animals with “r” in their names in your classes, and learn poetry and tongue twisters with it.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal Psychology and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in clinical psychology