How to prepare soil for planting peppers. Planting sweet peppers in a greenhouse - let's take into account all the important points! Rejection of pepper seeds

Pepper is a very demanding crop environment, so growing peppers in open ground is risky. You will have to prepare for weather surprises in order to get a good harvest.

Landing place pepper should be protected from the wind, well warmed up and illuminated by the sun. IN middle lane and more northern areas cannot do without temporary shelters. Pepper is sensitive to temperature changes, so if it is not possible to install temporary shelters, then pepper should be planted when the average daily temperature is 14-15 degrees and the threat of frost has passed. Pepper cannot be planted after related crops (tomatoes, potatoes).

Preparation of beds for planting peppers, it is carried out in the fall. The soil should be fertile, light, and retain moisture well. If the soil is heavy and clayey, then you need to add old sawdust or coarse sand. These components will make the soil more permeable to water, air and heat. Acidic soil must be limed; lime is applied only in the fall. On heavy soils it is better to do raised beds, height 25-30 cm.

When preparing the beds, manure is added to the ground in the fall and dug up. If the beds are prepared in the spring, then it is better to add humus to the soil, 1 bucket per square meter. meter. Also in the spring, superphosphate (1 tablespoon), potassium sulfate (1 tablespoon), urea (1 teaspoon) and 1 cup of ash are added to the soil. After applying fertilizer, the bed needs to be dug well, leveled and spilled with a solution of “sodium humate” (1 tablespoon per 10 liters of water) or mullein solution (0.5 liters of slurry per bucket of water).

Transplanting pepper is produced using the belt method. The distance between plants depends on the variety. Early ripening, low-growing varieties planted at 20-25 cm between plants in the tape and 40-50 cm between the tapes. Later, tall varieties are planted less frequently - 30-40 cm between plants and 60-70 cm between ribbons.

Peppers are planted in a hole without deepening or filling the root collar to avoid the development of “Black Leg” and other diseases. Replanting should be done as carefully as possible, trying not to damage the roots, since pepper, unlike tomatoes, does not form additional roots. Having planted a seedling in a hole, it is necessary to water the roots well, sprinkle soil on top and compact it. The leaves and shoots of pepper are very fragile and break off easily, so when planting, near each seedling you need to stick a peg into the ground, which will be used to tie up the plants.

Sweet and bitter peppers should not be planted side by side; due to the ability of peppers to cross-pollinate, the fruits of sweet peppers will taste bitter.

Care for peppers, when grown in open ground, includes watering, loosening, frost protection, fertilizing, protection from diseases and pests, and weed control.

Watering. Pepper is very demanding of moisture and does not tolerate drought. Therefore, it should be watered abundantly, especially at the beginning of growth and fruit formation. Lack of moisture leads to the falling of flowers and ovaries, weakening of the root system and lignification of the base of the stem, affecting the quality of the fruit and the harvest as a whole. You only need to water warm water. The soil should be loosened after each watering or rain to avoid crust formation.

Top dressing. During cultivation, peppers are fed 3-4 times. The first feeding is carried out 10-14 days after planting the seedlings. Feed with mullein solution (1 liter per 10 liters of water), bird droppings solution (1 liter of infusion per 10 liters of water), adding 1 glass of ash to a bucket of solution. You can feed with complex fertilizer (1.5 tablespoons per 10 liters).

Collection Pepper fruit harvesting begins when the fruits reach technical ripeness. Technical ripeness occurs when the fruits are fully formed, but still have a green, light green color. Depending on the variety, 27-45 days after the formation of ovaries. Harvesting fruits at technical ripeness accelerates the growth of the remaining ovaries. Fruit harvesting must be completed before frost sets in.

Storage. Fruits can be stored in a dry, warm room. During storage, they ripen and acquire a red, orange, yellow color, characteristic of the biological ripeness of this variety.

In open ground, as a rule, low-growing, early-ripening varieties are grown, less often mid-ripening and hybrids of bell peppers. They are characterized by uniform ripening of fruits and practically do not need to be formed. It is enough to trim the shoots growing inside the bush so that they do not thicken and shade, as well as weak, barren shoots.

Growing hot peppers in open ground is no different from growing sweet peppers.

All types of peppers belong to the nightshade family; their distinctive feature is the susceptibility of the root system to external stimuli– even in mature and mature plants. In order for pepper seedlings to be of high quality and healthy, the issue of soil selection must be approached very carefully, because timely watering and fertilizing may not be enough for rapid growth and full development of plants. A land that doesn't have enough nutrients, is one of the main reasons for the problematic cultivation of pepper seedlings at home. Let's take a closer look at which soil is best suited.

The beginning of the planting season for gardeners is early spring or the end of winter - it is at this time that seeds and planting materials are prepared.

On a note! Ready-made soil, which is sold in gardening stores, usually has universal properties for planting, but to be sure that the growth of pepper seedlings will proceed as desired, it is worth having an idea of ​​​​the composition and characteristics of the purchased soil.

Distinctive characteristics of suitable soil.

Which soil should you not choose?

1. Soil that contains larvae, eggs and other foreign objects that indicate the presence of pests and the development of diseases is not suitable.
2. Clay-based soil and peat are not suitable.
3. The acidity level is usually indicated on the packaging - do not use the soil if the acidity value is higher than desired.

On a note! Despite the fact that there are a lot of varieties of soil, to obtain high-quality pepper seedlings, it is recommended to prepare the soil mixture yourself.

What to prepare the soil from?

All of the soil components presented below add certain nutrients to the mixture that allow plants to develop better. Here's what we recommend for peppers:

• humus or two-year compost;
• substances to improve soil looseness;
• a small amount of peat;
• foliage-based ground;
• turf.

On a note! When preparing the soil mixture at home, you can use all or some of the components presented.

Now we will tell you in more detail about the characteristics of each component.

Humus

There are differences between compost and humus, so to prepare the mixture you need to understand what is best to use.

Compost is decomposed organic waste that is usually stored in boxes or specially designated areas. Typically, compost contains traces of peat, garden soil, etc. appearance does not differ from humus, however, it can be used as a component of soil for seedlings no earlier than two years after the initial planting.

On a note! Fresh compost is not suitable for the delicate root system of young peppers.

Humus is the result of overheating of manure, which is already practically devoid of its original odor. As a rule, it smells like ordinary earth or forest soil. The time for preparing and ripening humus is from 2 to 5 years, it is suitable for growing seedlings, garden trees And various types colors.

On a note! At self-training For soil, it is best to use humus, but if this is not possible, compost that has been sitting for at least two years will also work.

Soil disintegrants

These substances are used to give the soil the necessary structure that allows water and nutrients to pass through it freely. Typically coarse baking powder is used as a leavening agent. river sand or other substances.

On a note! You can use these additives or get by with river sand.

Peat as a component of the soil well enriches its composition. Air flows better to the roots, and the plants receive the necessary amount of nitrogen. When preparing land for peppers in advance, you need to use peat with caution - not all types are suitable.

How is peat classified?

• lowland;
• transition;
• surface.

Lowland and transitional types of peat are suitable for the sensitive root system of pepper seedlings.

On a note! When using surface peat, it is necessary to reduce the acidity with lime or ash.

The main component is rotted leaves that have fallen from trees, the second name is leaf humus. Such soil is either taken directly from the forest under the canopy of trees, or made independently in the garden.

This type of soil is prepared in the same way as compost - it takes the same amount of time and requires identical actions. IN compost heap Foliage pre-collected under the trees is laid in layers with layers of ready-made soil. To speed up the humus process, the leaves are watered.

On a note! You have to wait for complete decomposition leaf soil, i.e. use it no earlier than after one and a half or two years.

The most best leaves- from under birch and linden, but it is not recommended to use maple, oak or aspen foliage.

Turf

Turf is the top part of the soil, saturated with nutrients and retaining its benefits for a long time (up to several years).

Types of turf:

• heavy turf soil containing clay;
• medium – clay mixed with sand;
• light - with a high sand content.

For spring planting For seedlings, components are harvested in early autumn. All components are laid out in buckets or bags and left to freeze well throughout the winter.

On a note! The earthen mixture does not require special proportions; you can mix all the components, guided by your intuition.

What inorganic substances can be used?

Substance	Description
	The sand is first thoroughly washed (it should not contain impurities). Sand is best light shades– dark contains more “extra” substances, for example, manganese or iron. This can harm the root system. Sand loosens the soil well.
	A suitable substance that is neutral in acidity and free from foreign impurities. Perlite is not subject to decomposition and perfectly absorbs water (four times its own weight). It is added to make it loose and increase the passage of air in the soil; a crust that retains air and water stops forming on the surface. The soil is well moistened and releases water to the roots at the right speed, which has a beneficial effect on the plant.
	Instead of perlite, you can use vermiculite - it contains magnesium and calcium in quantities acceptable for seedlings. Typically used in combination with perlite to grow hydroponic plants.
	A polymer substance without additives with increased moisture absorption. When using it, watering becomes less frequent, since the “soil” is sufficiently moist.
	Placed on the bottom of containers with seedlings under the main layer of soil to form a drainage system.
	Fluff lime is added to soil with high acidity to regulate its level.

What are the different soil recipes for seedlings?

There are five main compositions of soil mixtures.

1. An equal combination of sand, two-year-old compost (humus), garden soil and peat.
2. Use in equal parts garden or deciduous land, sand with turf and humus.
3. Superphosphate added to a mixture of lowland peat and aged compost.
4. The same amount of sand and peat (lowland or middle) and two parts of turf soil.
5. An even amount of humus and leaf soil with turf.

For each of the presented mixture options, any baking powder at your discretion can be used.

On a note! It must be remembered that early compost and fresh manure are not suitable.

Preparation

Typically, pepper seedlings are prepared for planting at the very end of February or early spring. In about seven days, the soil laid in the fall is thawed and disinfected.

Disinfection of soil mixtures

Fungicides and insecticides are used only when you are sure of the presence of pathogenic microflora in the soil. This usually happens if the soil source is unreliable - for example, soil from the forest rather than from the garden.

On a note! The dosage is strictly observed, adhering to individual methods protection.

You can steam the soil from thirty minutes to two hours. After this, the soil is packed into containers or bags.

The soil can be kept for some time in the oven at a temperature of about 50 degrees. At higher temperatures there is a risk of death of beneficial microflora.

On a note! It is allowed to cultivate the land with a light solution of potassium permanganate.

When carrying out disinfection, not only harmful bacteria and pests can die, but also beneficial microflora, so it is recommended to add a certain amount of fertilizer. It is important to strictly follow the dosage - in soil with a high content of fertilizing, pepper seedlings are more susceptible to disease. Typically, fertilizers containing potassium humate are used (for example, “Baikal EM-1”).

Soil in the garden

It is important to take into account the composition of the soil not only when growing seedlings in pots and boxes, but also when transplanting into open ground. The soil in the beds is pre-cultivated before planting the grown seedlings.

Firstly, you need to fertilize the beds seven days in advance - organic or universal are suitable mineral fertilizers. If the acidity level is high, ash and lime are added.

On a note! Reducing acidity is best done in the fall, and not immediately before planting.

Secondly, a few days after fertilizing, thorough watering is carried out - this will distribute the applied nutrients throughout the soil. After this, they wait about a week and begin transplanting the pepper seedlings to the main place.

On a note! A harvest of peppers grown on well-prepared soil will delight the owner with wealth and healthy, large fruits.

When preparing the soil, it is usually not necessary to add additional soil, but if necessary, you can add a little soil to the boxes with seedlings - it is important not to sprinkle the first leaves that appear (cotyledons). Use previously prepared soil, left over from the initial planting, or add treated soil mixed with dried tea leaves. Add soil gradually, several times.

On a note! Once the lower part of the plant becomes woody, you can stop adding soil, otherwise the plant may react negatively with slow rhizome development.

How to properly store soil?

How to establish the correct soil acidity?

Usually in the middle zone, peppers are planted in greenhouses along with tomato seedlings. But few people know that these crops have completely different requirements for the level of soil acidity. They grow calmly at an acidity above 5 pH, but neutral soil is most suitable.

Acidity is determined simply - you will need a special device with a special earth probe that gives the appropriate values.

On a note! If such a measuring device is not available, you can use litmus paper. To use it, take part of the soil from the greenhouse from a depth of just over 10-15 cm and keep it wrapped in gauze in purified distilled water. After this, the test strip is immersed in water and checked against the acidity scale that comes with the kit.

If the acidity of the soil is high, it will need to be reduced. Methods for reducing acidity can be as follows:

• (about 0.5 kg per square meter);
• wood ash (about 1.5 kg per square meter);
• special substance “Lime-Gumi” (according to the instructions, about a glass per square meter).

In some cases, it is necessary to increase the acidity of the soil (if the pH is greater than 7). Then high-moor peat is added - 1.5-2 kilograms per square meter. If the alkali content is high (this is also indicated on the litmus test), you can balance the values ​​by adding ammonium sulfate.

On a note! Such soils are well suited for the application of large amounts of organic fertilizers.

For proper development of pepper, a moderate content of any nutrients is required - their excess or small amount does not allow the seedlings to grow normally.

At large quantities nitrogen, peppers bloom poorly and produce a small amount of yield; the plant has poor resistance to disease. If there is too little nitrogen, the foliage turns yellow, and the fruits are usually underdeveloped and deformed.

– when its quantity is small, they fall off lower leaves, the shoots become woody, and fruit set does not occur. The resulting peppers become covered with spots.

On a note! If the amount of potassium exceeds the permissible norm, the flowers and ovaries of the peppers fall off.

If the plant does not have enough, the leaves first become bluish, then turn red, and flowering is delayed. If there is too much phosphorus, the leaves die and fall off.

If you provide pepper seedlings the necessary conditions, you can confidently expect a rich harvest by mid-summer.

Video - Preparing land for pepper seedlings

​Similar articles​

Selecting components for the soil

For this purpose, a solution is prepared from copper sulfate(1 tbsp per bucket of water), which we then water the prepared area with. In a greenhouse made of film, but not heated, seedlings can be planted in the first ten days of April. The planting pattern is 60 -70 by 20-30 cm. Before transplanting, the seedlings are well watered. On a hot day, it is better to plant seedlings in the afternoon, and on a cloudy day, in the morning. Each hole is watered with warm water at the rate of 1-2 liters per hole. Next, we take the seedlings out of the pots and plant them a little deeper than they grew before. This approach makes it possible to form adventitious roots on the main stem.​

​In general, I like pepper high temperatures and normal air humidity. It is better to choose a site that is sunny and maximally protected from the winds. The best option- south side of the house. If there is no natural protection from the wind, you can build an artificial lash from twigs or other available material. Most suitable option The predecessors of pepper are cucumber, cabbage, representatives of the legume family and table root vegetables, such as beets or carrots.​

• Pepper seeds germinate very slowly​It is imperative to monitor temperature fluctuations in the pots, permissible norm: from +15°С to +13°С.​
• ​The container with seedlings must be constantly rotated relative to the window so that the seedlings do not tilt (can be illuminated with a phytolamp).​ ​Arrange the seeds so that they are between two layers of moistened clean cloth;​
• ​To do this, we need a capacious colander and a saucepan selected in such a way that it does not fall into it. Pour enough water into the pan so that it reaches the bottom of the colander, but does not leak through its holes. Then we take a colander full of soil, place it on the pan, and cover the top with a lid. The soil should be steamed for one to two hours over low heat. This method does not destroy minerals and trace elements, but at the same time destroys fungus, bacteria, larvae, and insect eggs. After this procedure, it is recommended to “populate” the soil with beneficial microorganisms. For this it is impossible would be better suited means "Baikal" or similar ones. Method one. Pour the prepared fertile mixture well with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.
• Add 1 part of peat and river sand to one part of turf soil. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of urea per 10 liters of water. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after adding coarse river sand. It is this component that creates Better conditions for growing garden plants seedling method. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them they must be treated with boiling water.​

Mixing the ingredients

​Guarantee good harvest Properly grown seedlings will produce tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant from your summer cottage. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, friability and not too acidic environment. Such indicators can be achieved provided proper preparation soil for seedlings.​

​Low growing varieties with early When maturing, they are planted in a row every 15 cm or 30-40 cm, but two plants per hole. After planting in the ground between the rows, they immediately loosen.

​You should not plant peppers in the place where potatoes or tomatoes previously grew, since young seedlings can automatically receive a whole “bouquet” of diseases of their predecessors through the soil.​

- it happens that you have to wait three weeks. That is why they should be sown about three months before they settle on permanent place living in a greenhouse, under a film or in open ground. Young gardeners often make mistakes when it comes to planting. Let's say right away - late sowing leads to the fact that the harvest will not be obtained due to late flowering at the end of summer, the most you can count on is small “underperformers”.​

​Before planting in the ground, peppers must be fed at least twice. Namely: 14 days after picking and 14 days after the first feeding. Typically, edgebanding is applied in liquid form. For ease of use, you can buy already prepared fertilizers for seedlings. Here are some of the most used: Agricola, Fertika Lux, Krepysh, Mortar. Start transferring seedlings into pots large sizes(0.8 - 1 l) follows at the end of spring. Transshipment must be handled with great care and attention so that the earthen lump is preserved. In this case, the seedlings continue to grow. You can use the soil composition that was intended for sowing and picking. But this time you should not sift it as much, since with a lumpy structure there is more access for the roots to air. Then add 1 tablespoon of double superphosphate, half a glass of wood ash to a bucket of soil mixture. Wood ash can be replaced with three tablespoons of Señor Tomato fertilizer for peppers and tomatoes. 14 days before planting in the ground, hardening should begin fresh air taking into account the preservation of seedlings from direct sunlight.​

• ​How to prepare sweet pepper seeds for sowing. Seed sowing technology. detailed instructions, nuances, tips - in this video.​
• ​cover them to preserve moisture;​

​The next way to disinfect the soil before planting seeds for seedlings is to treat it with a weak solution of manganese. This process is very simple. Half a gram of dry potassium permanganate should be diluted in a liter jar, and the soil should be treated with the resulting solution.​

• Method two. The soil for seedlings is placed in a fabric bag or in a perforated container and left to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, calcine the earth in the oven, but along with the pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.​

​Mix turf soil, peat and humus in equal proportions. You can add a couple of matchboxes superphosphate and 0.5 liters of ash.​

• Leaf ground

​A typical mistake Beginner gardeners can sow seeds in ordinary soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing vegetable seedlings at home and prefer to buy plants that are ready for planting. The secret of getting good seedlings consists of proper preparation soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.​

Soil disinfection

​Pepper is susceptible to cross-pollination, so if you plan to plant several varieties at once, try to plant them at the farthest possible distance from each other or fence them by planting corn or sunflowers.​

1. ​The soil for pepper must have at least three qualities: fertility, high level drainage and retain moisture well. Site preparation begins in the fall, when the remains of the previous plant are carefully removed and then the soil is dug up. Before digging, the soil is fertilized with a mixture of superphosphate (30-50 g), wood ash (50-80 g) and rotted manure or humus (5-10 kg). All figures are given per 1 square meter. Remember, fresh manure - worst enemy pepper Pepper does not need organic additives either. This is due to the sensitivity of the plant to dissolved nitrogen in the soil, and if there is a lot of it, then the plant directs all its forces to the development of leaves, and accordingly there is a threat to the preservation of the ovary and the ripening of the fruits in general.​
2. Let's start with preparing the soil: before planting, the soil must be poured with boiling water and potassium permanganate, and the next day the surface must be leveled, compacted and furrows made at a distance of about five centimeters. The distance between the seeds should be at least two centimeters, and the depth should be 1-1.5 cm. Then we drop them in drops and carefully moisten them with warm water (preferably from a spray bottle). Until the seeds germinate, it is advisable to cover them with film to retain moisture for the longest time and maintain the same temperature.​

​It should be remembered that planting in the ground begins only when both conditions are met: a stable average daily air temperature of +15...+17°C and the beginning of the formation of the first buds.​

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Preparing the land for seedlings

​To avoid the risk of damage to plants, peppers are picked at the stage of two true leaves without deepening or deepening only half a centimeter and no more. There is also another method: seedlings tolerate picking best at the cotyledon stage and therefore can also be picked at this moment. When using this method, deepening is allowed to the level of cotyledon leaves. Most often, this picking method is used for growing in greenhouses. But for growing at home, the first method is more suitable. 1-2 true leaves of the seedling appear 3-4 weeks after germination. This is the most optimal for picking pepper at home. First you need to pour the soil into the containers quite well, and then wait for the water to drain onto the pan. Since the development period of pepper takes a considerable amount of time, it should be planted in small pots with a volume of about 100-150 ml. In such pots, seedlings can master the earthen ball much faster, as a result of which the soil does not sour during watering and the roots are less susceptible to rot damage. Sequence of actions when picking seedlings:​

​put the seeds in place at a constant temperature of +25°C.​

​The next way to prepare the ground for​

​After the disinfection process has been carried out, seed material can be added to the soil nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings according to all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest on your summer cottage. Have a great season!​

To prepare the soil for cabbage seedlings you will need:

​. Distinctive feature This type of soil is characterized by its high looseness, but its low nutrient content does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leaf soil is most often collected in forest belts where deciduous trees grow. Vegetable growers do not recommend using soil collected under willow, oak or chestnut to prepare the soil for seedlings good quality it won't work: it's too rich in tannins.​

​The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplants and cucumbers should consist of the following components:​

​Planting peppers by directly planting seeds in the ground is not advisable even in warm countries, because you still have to wait until the soil warms up, and this, accordingly, leads to a delay in the ripening of fruits in general.​ ​After applying fertilizer, the area is dug up deeply, and in the spring it is loosened and fertilized with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. It is enough to apply about 30 grams of each fertilizer per 1 square meter. Immediately before planting, lightly dig up the soil and level the surface well.

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Growing pepper seedlings at home

​Let's dwell a little on preparing the seeds. Many years of experience have shown that those seeds that have been in the refrigerator, in the fruit compartment (or where the temperature is not very low) a week before germination, germinate faster. Of course, some gardeners plant peppers without germinating them. This planting material has its advantages: it is the most resistant to drought and frost, although the seedlings emerge much later.​

​Cold, heavy soils are not suitable for peppers, so they can be diluted with peat or humus. Afterwards, the soil is dug up to the depth of a spade bayonet and leveled. Holes for planting are made at a distance of half a meter from each other. The depth of the hole should be equal to the height of the earthen ball. Then 1 tablespoon of complete mineral fertilizer, which consists of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus, is added to the hole. Afterwards, the plant is carefully removed from the pot and placed in the hole. The hole is filled in so that the bulk of the roots become closed. You need to water with approximately the same amount of water as a third of the bucket. After the water is completely absorbed, part of the hole is filled with loose soil. Then the plantings need to be mulched with peat and, if necessary, the bushes should be tied up. At temperatures below +13...+14°C at night, you should cover the plants in arcs with non-woven material.​

Time to prepare seedlings

​You need to carefully take the seedlings by the “ears” and then place them in the hole in the pot so that the roots are freely located there without bending;​

Seed preparation

IMPORTANT! After 1-2 weeks, the seeds will sprout and therefore this moment cannot be missed, since the roots of peppers are quite fragile and cannot withstand damage of any kind.

1. ​seedlings are treated with insecticides and fungicides. In order to destroy insect larvae and eggs, you can use a solution of “Aktara” or “Aktellika”, and to destroy bacteria and fungus we will use “Fundazol” or the drug “Fuselad-super”. This method is the most effective, but also the most unsafe. Most of Such drugs pose a direct threat to the health of animals and people, so you should be extremely careful in the dosage and use of the solution. Another obvious plus this method– this is a long-term effect. The fact is that when watered, plants will also absorb chemicals, and therefore will be inedible for pests.​
2. ​Where to start preparing for sowing seeds for seedlings? Of course, with the preparation of the soil mixture! Gardeners who are too lazy to make soil suitable for seedlings with their own hands are often faced with the fact that the seeds simply do not germinate in the purchased substrate. “Unscrupulous” manufacturers are immediately blamed for this, but often the reason lies not in the substrate itself, but in its illiterate application. Many people believe that if you plant seeds in the most enriched soil, then everything will grow as well as possible, but this judgment is completely wrong. IN this material we will tell you how to properly prepare the soil for seedlings so that they grow strong and healthy.​
3. ​Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. For a bucket of this mixture, it would not be superfluous to add 1 cup (200g) of ash, 0.5 cups of fluff lime, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 cups.​

​Preparing the soil for seedlings is not too complex process, but still, it requires some effort and free time from the vegetable grower. Therefore, many people prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and there is a possibility of purchasing peat soil with an acidic environment. Even if you add mineral fertilizers to it for good seed germination and strong seedlings You may not get it.​

Substrate for seedlings

​Humus​

Sowing

​For successful development and a good harvest, it is important to organize proper watering, timely loosening and high-quality fertilizing of the crops.​

1. You should start working with seeds in mid-February, so that in May, when the need arises to transplant the seedlings into open ground, the plants will be 90-100 days old. It is better to sow the seeds immediately into peat bags with a diameter of 8-10 cm. This measure is necessary because pepper does not tolerate the picking process well. Large pots should also not be taken, since root system The plants at this time are very small.​
2. ​As for the quality of the seeds, before soaking it is worth dipping them into a weak solution table salt and leave for a few minutes. Poor quality planting material will float, and it should be removed.
3. ​It is very important to pick the sprouts correctly; the further development of the plant depends on this. How to do this - watch in this video.​

Video “Sowing sweet pepper seeds”

​Afterwards you need to sprinkle the hole with a small amount of soil and compact it;​

Picking and feeding

​To grow high-quality pepper seedlings, you need to prepare sufficiently fertile soil. That is why the substrate must be prepared especially carefully and carefully. To begin with, it must be said that the soil from the garden is of little use for preparing a substrate, and especially if it has high acidity, it is clayey and heavy. The soil must be moisture-absorbing, loose, contain the required amount of nutrients, have a neutral reaction and be free from pests and pathogens. For such a case, many gardeners and summer residents have own recipe for preparing soil mixture. An example of this is the often used mixture of humus with turf soil and beach sand. The proportions of the substrate are respectively: 3:3:1. An alternative to turf soil can be peat. Then a glass of wood ash is added to a bucket of this mixture. For beginning gardeners, in order to avoid failures, special soil is sold in specialized stores. For example, the highly nutritious substrate “Biogrunt”, which can be purchased at any gardening store.​

1. ​Bell peppers provide many health benefits. And all thanks to its composition, which includes vitamins C, P, A, group of B vitamins and minerals. Based on this, we can say that bell pepper- this is an invaluable vegetable, but, unfortunately, it cannot be seen on store shelves all year round. The solution to this problem can be growing pepper seedlings at home.​
2. ​General information​
3. The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, and watermelons is prepared in the following composition:
4. ​For this reason, the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplant experienced summer residents prepared by hand. It is best to start this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and settle. If you leave it for storage in the barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit it.​
5. ​. It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all. existing species soil.​
6. ​Water is one of the essential components successful survival of the plant after transplantation. Therefore, during the first week you need to water every two days, using 1-2 liters of water per bush. If the weather is very hot, you can water every day. A week later, the bed is inspected, and reserve seedling bushes are planted in place of the dead plants. At the same time, watering is reduced in the future. On hot days, watering is carried out in the morning and evening hours, and during harvest, watering is reduced to once every 5-6 days.​

The earth mixture for planting is taken with the following composition: 2 parts humus, 1 part sand and 1 part earth. Afterwards, you need to add table ash - 1 tbsp per 1 kg. spoon. In order for the seeds in peat bags to germinate, it is necessary to additional training. To do this, the seeds are kept for 5 hours in water whose temperature is about 50 degrees Celsius. For the next 2-3 days they are kept in damp cotton cloth. This period is sufficient for the seeds to hatch. This preparation allows the first shoots to appear within a day after sowing in peat bags. After placing the seeds in the ground, the crops are well watered and covered with film or glass. Before the emergence of seedlings, it is important to provide warmth in the room (up to 22 degrees Celsius), but as for lighting, you can leave the crops for this time even in the dark.​

Landing in the ground

​Today in stores there is a huge selection of products that stimulate plant germination, whether to use them or not is your choice, just remember that the soaking temperature should be 30-50 degrees Celsius.​ ​The beginning of February is the time to sow peppers, as they should You will learn from this article to prepare for this and what secrets of growing seedlings exist. Designed for a wide range of readers.​

Video “Picking up sweet pepper seedlings”

​We must not forget that the root collar can only be buried half a centimeter;​

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Time to prepare pepper seedlings

​The bowl for sowing must first be washed in a solution of potassium permanganate, then filled with the prepared substrate and compacted slightly so that there is about 2 cm from the soil to the edge of the dish. The pepper seeds that have hatched must be spread out so that the distance between them is from 1.5 to 2 cm. There is no need to sow the seeds more densely, because, as a result, the pepper seedlings can shade each other and, as a result, stretch out. Then you need to pour a layer of soil mixture on top with a height of approximately 1 to 1.5 cm. Then compact it again a little. Watering is required Special attention and ensure that pepper seeds are not washed onto the surface of the soil. Then assign notes with the names of the varieties to the containers with the crops. To retain moisture as long as possible, crops are placed in a greenhouse. Constant temperature should be +25°C. A week later, shoots appear. Should be adhered to certain rules for caring for them:​

​Growing pepper seedlings at home is not a difficult task. For a good yield, you need to know the intricacies of watering, temperature fluctuations and how to correctly and successfully replant plant stems so that they do not become rough.​

​To understand general principle According to which they determine which land will be best for growing seedlings of a particular crop, you need to know one simple rule. Soil mixture should correspond to the maximum with the composition of where the plant will grow in the future. But this does not mean at all that you should use soil from your garden for this. The best option that suits most crops is upper layer soil from under acacia trees. If acacias do not grow near your home, then you can use a purchased mixture, but before that it should be treated, because it may contain pathogenic microorganisms. For these purposes, the soil can be treated with fungicides or steamed in a water bath. Tilling the soil for seedlings is one of the key points, because pathogenic bacteria can “sleep” in the soil. In addition, the soil may contain larvae and eggs of insect pests that are not averse to snacking on your young plants. If for each type of seedling it is necessary to choose its own soil composition, then the methods for processing it are always the same, we will talk about this later. Mix one bucket of leafy soil with the same amount of humus. 1 glass (200 g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g. potassium sulfate, and also add about 20 g. superphosphate. Everything is thoroughly mixed. Preparing the soil for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the soil. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour it into required proportions each component.​

Preparing the soil for peppers

​For peppers, the soil must always be loose, since the formation of a soil crust has a detrimental effect on the nutrition of the plant. Loosening allows the roots to receive more air and also stimulates the work of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, after watering and rain, the soil must be loosened, except for the first two weeks. During this period, the plant grows slowly, since the main emphasis is on strengthening the root system. After this period, after watering, loosening is carried out, and quite deep.

Rejection of pepper seeds

As soon as the seedlings appear, we transfer the seedlings to a warmer place (the temperature during the day should be 26-28 degrees, at night about 10-15). Don't get carried away frequent watering seedlings, since excess moisture can cause a disease such as black leg. Watering should be done with water whose temperature is about 30 degrees Celsius. Do not forget about air humidity, and also periodically spray the plants, and ventilate the rooms where the seedlings are located, but do not allow drafts. In February there are still very few sunny days, so it is advisable to provide additional artificial lighting during this period from 7 am to 9 pm.​

Temperature

​© 2009-2016 All in the garden - useful project for gardeners and summer residents. Copying materials is prohibited. Partial quotation is permitted, with a direct active link to the copied material from our project.​

​So, New Year has already arrived, which means that it’s time for us gardeners and gardeners to start preparing planting material this gardening season. Probably the very first plant you will encounter is pepper.​

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You need to water carefully until the water is absorbed, while holding the seedling;

Preparing a site for planting pepper

​Place the crops in a bright place, the temperature of which will be +15-17°C;​

The most optimal period for sowing seedlings is the days from February 20 to March 10. Just like pepper fruits begin to ripen 100-150 days after seedlings appear, and seedlings must be planted at the age of 60 to 80 days. If you know the characteristics of the variety, then you can independently calculate more accurate sowing dates.​

Growing sweet peppers (bell peppers). Preparing the soil for the site. Sowing seeds for seedlings. Transplantation into open ground. Care

How to plant and grow Bell pepper. How to prepare the soil. How to sow seeds. When to plant seedlings in open ground. How to care for planting (10+)

Pepper agricultural technology - Preparation. Sowing. Seedling. Care

In order for the pepper harvest to be good, you need to work very fruitfully. This vegetable came to us from southern countries, so it is considered a plant short day. If daylight hours are reduced by less than 12 hours, then the pepper automatically receives a signal that it needs to move on to the fruiting phase. Peppers were first cultivated in Central America. Next came Spain, Turkey and Iran, and only in the 15th century did the “Mexican guest” reach Europe. Today there are more than 2,000 varieties of pepper. But bell peppers are not only a bright palette of colors, but also a rich storehouse of vitamins. Not every vegetable can boast of such a set.

Preparing a site for planting pepper

In general, pepper loves high temperatures and normal air humidity. It is better to choose a site that is sunny and maximally protected from the winds. The best option is the south side of the house. If there is no natural protection from the wind, you can build an artificial lash from twigs or other available material. The most suitable precursors for pepper are cucumber, cabbage, members of the legume family and table root vegetables, such as beets or carrots.

You should not plant peppers in the place where potatoes or tomatoes previously grew, since young seedlings can automatically receive a whole “bouquet” of diseases of their predecessors through the soil.

Soil for peppers must have at least three qualities: fertility, high drainage and good moisture retention. Site preparation begins in the fall, when the remains of the previous plant are carefully removed and then the soil is dug up. Before digging, the soil is fertilized with a mixture of superphosphate (30-50 g), wood ash (50-80 g) and rotted manure or humus (5-10 kg). All figures are given per 1 square meter. Remember, fresh manure is the worst enemy of peppers. Pepper does not need organic additives either. This is due to the sensitivity of the plant to dissolved nitrogen in the soil, and if there is a lot of it, then the plant directs all its forces to the development of leaves, and accordingly there is a threat to the preservation of the ovary and the ripening of the fruit as a whole.

After applying fertilizer, the area is dug up deeply, and in the spring it is loosened and fertilized with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. It is enough to apply about 30 grams of each fertilizer per 1 square meter. Immediately before planting, lightly dig up the soil and level the surface well.

Growing seedlings

You should start working with seeds in mid-February, so that in May, when the need arises to transplant the seedlings into open ground, the plants will be 90-100 days old. It is better to sow the seeds immediately into peat bags with a diameter of 8-10 cm. This measure is necessary because pepper does not tolerate the picking process well. Large pots should also not be taken, since the root system of the plant at this time is very small.

The soil mixture for planting is taken as follows: 2 parts humus, 1 part sand and 1 part soil. Afterwards, you need to add table ash - 1 tbsp per 1 kg. spoon. In order for the seeds in peat bags to germinate, additional preparation is necessary. To do this, the seeds are kept for 5 hours in water whose temperature is about 50 degrees Celsius. For the next 2-3 days they are kept in damp cotton cloth. This period is sufficient for the seeds to hatch. This preparation allows the first shoots to appear within a day after sowing in peat bags. After placing the seeds in the ground, the crops are well watered and covered with film or glass. Before the emergence of seedlings, it is important to provide warmth in the room (up to 22 degrees Celsius), but as for lighting, the crops can be left for this time even in the dark.

As soon as the seedlings appear, we transfer the seedlings to a warmer place (the temperature should be 26-28 degrees during the day, about 10-15 at night). You should not get carried away with frequent watering of seedlings, as excess moisture can cause a disease such as black leg. Watering should be done with water whose temperature is about 30 degrees Celsius. Do not forget about air humidity, and also periodically spray the plants, and ventilate the rooms where the seedlings are located, but do not allow drafts. In February there are still very few sunny days, so it is advisable to provide additional artificial lighting during this period from 7 am to 9 pm.

Transplanting pepper seedlings into open ground

Pepper does not tolerate even slight frost, so seedlings should be planted either in two stages, or when the threat of frost has passed, for example in last days May. Before planting, the plant should gradually begin to harden off. To do this, the seedlings should be taken outside every day, each time increasing the time spent on outdoors. If the temperature is below 13 degrees Celsius, then the seedlings should not be removed. This temperature can only negatively affect young plant. Five days before planting, the soil should be disinfected.

To do this, prepare a solution of copper sulfate (1 tablespoon per bucket of water), which we then water the prepared area with. In a greenhouse made of film, but not heated, seedlings can be planted in the first ten days of April. The planting pattern is 60 -70 by 20-30 cm. Before transplanting, the seedlings are well watered. On a hot day, it is better to plant seedlings in the afternoon, and on a cloudy day, in the morning. Each hole is watered with warm water at the rate of 1-2 liters per hole. Next, we take the seedlings out of the pots and plant them a little deeper than they grew before. This approach makes it possible to form adventitious roots on the main stem.

Low-growing varieties with early ripening are planted in a row every 15 cm or 30-40 cm, but two plants per hole. After planting in the ground between the rows, they are immediately loosened.

Pepper is susceptible to cross-pollination, so if you plan to plant several varieties at once, try to plant them at the farthest possible distance from each other or fence them by planting corn or sunflowers.

It is not advisable to plant peppers by directly planting seeds in the ground, even in warm countries, because you still have to wait until the soil warms up, and this, accordingly, leads to a delay in the ripening of fruits in general.

How to properly care for peppers

For successful development and a good harvest, it is important to organize proper watering, timely loosening and high-quality fertilizing of the crops.

Water is one of the most important components of successful plant survival after transplantation. Therefore, during the first week you need to water every two days, using 1-2 liters of water per bush. If the weather is very hot, you can water every day. A week later, the bed is inspected, and reserve seedling bushes are planted in place of the dead plants. At the same time, watering is reduced in the future. On hot days, watering is carried out in the morning and evening hours, and during harvesting, watering is reduced to once every 5-6 days.

For peppers, the soil must always be loose, since the formation of a soil crust has a detrimental effect on the nutrition of the plant. Loosening allows the roots to receive more air and also stimulates the work of microorganisms in the soil. Therefore, after watering and rain, the soil must be loosened, except for the first two weeks. During this period, the plant grows slowly, since the main emphasis is on strengthening the root system. After this period, after watering, loosening is carried out, and quite deep.

Early ripening varieties of pepper should be loosened 3-4 times, and for varieties more late dates ripening - 2-3 times. Between the rows you should loosen more often, but carefully so as not to damage the stem and roots. The plant should be earthed up during the active flowering phase.

And from your summer cottage there will be properly grown seedlings. Therefore, first of all, you need to take care of the soil in which the seeds will germinate. The soil mixture for seedlings must meet certain characteristics. It should have good porosity, friability and not too acidic environment. Such indicators can be achieved provided that the soil for seedlings is properly prepared.

Selecting components for the soil

A typical mistake made by beginning gardeners is to sow seeds in regular soil taken from their garden. Therefore, many fail in growing vegetable seedlings at home and prefer to buy plants that are ready for planting. The secret to getting good seedlings is to properly prepare the soil for seedlings. Therefore, we will prepare it ourselves, especially since there is nothing complicated in this process.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, eggplant and cucumbers should consist of the following components:

1. Humus. It is obtained from rotted manure or plants, which makes this soil the most nutritious and fertile of all existing types of soil.
2. Peat. An integral component of any soil mixture for seedlings. It ensures the flow required quantity humidity to the plant. It also helps create good soil looseness.
3. Leavening agents. In addition to peat, the soil for seedlings acquires good porosity after adding coarse river sand. It is this component that creates the best conditions for growing garden plants in seedlings. River sand and peat can replace sawdust, but before using them they must be treated with boiling water.
4. Leaf ground. A distinctive feature of this type of soil is its high looseness, but the low nutrient content does not allow it to be used as the main soil for seedlings. Therefore, its use is possible only after combining with other types of soil. Leaf soil is most often collected in forest belts where deciduous trees grow. Vegetable growers do not recommend using soil collected under willow, oak or chestnut, since it will not produce good quality soil for seedlings: it is too saturated with tannins.

Mixing the ingredients

Preparing the soil for seedlings is not a very complicated process, but it still requires some effort and free time from the vegetable grower. Therefore, many people prefer not to bother and purchase a ready-made soil mixture. However, not all manufacturers of such products are conscientious, and there is a possibility of purchasing them with an acidic environment. Even if mineral fertilizers are added to it, good seed germination and strong seedlings may not be obtained.

For this reason, experienced summer residents prepare the soil for seedlings of tomatoes, cabbage, peppers and eggplants with their own hands. It is best to start this process in the fall, and by spring the soil for seedlings will settle and settle. If you leave it for storage in a barn, then it will also freeze well, which will only benefit it.

Preparing the soil for seedlings begins with the process of mixing the soil. To do this, spread the polyethylene on the ground and pour out each component in the required proportions.

Experienced vegetable growers advise making soil composition for seedlings for different cultures separately, since each vegetable has its own individual needs and preferences.

The soil for seedlings of tomatoes, peppers and eggplants should have the following composition:

• To one part of turf soil add 1 part of peat and river sand. The resulting composition is thoroughly mixed, after which it is well watered with a nutrient solution consisting of 25-30 grams of superphosphate, potassium sulfate and 10 grams of urea per 10 liters of water.
• Mix turf soil and humus in equal proportions. You can add a couple of matchboxes of superphosphate and 0.5 liters of ash to a bucket of the resulting mixture.

To prepare the soil for cabbage seedlings you will need:

• Mix humus (compost), leaf soil and river sand 1:2:1. For a bucket of the mixture, 1 cup (200 g) of ash, 0.5 cups of fluff lime, 1 matchbox of potassium sulfate and 3 matchboxes of superphosphate will not be superfluous. If it is not possible to use mineral fertilizers, then they can be replaced with ash in the amount of 3 cups.

The soil for seedlings of cucumbers, pumpkins, melons, and watermelons is prepared in the following composition:

• Mix one bucket of leaf soil with the same amount of humus. 1 glass (200 g) of ash is poured into the resulting mixture, up to 10 g of potassium sulfate, and about 20 g of superphosphate is added. Everything is thoroughly mixed.

I would like to warn vegetable growers against excessive use of fertilizers when preparing the soil for vegetable seedlings, if the base soil used is nutritious in itself. This is due to the fact that on initial stage For seed germination, the plant does not require many microelements. The need for them arises only when the first true leaves appear. That's why extra food usually applied via liquid fertilizer a few weeks after germination.

Soil disinfection

This process is necessary to remove pathogens from the soil. You can disinfect soil mixture for home seedlings different ways, one of which is its freezing. But, if this is not possible, then you can use watering with disinfectants or steam treatment.

1. Method one. Pour the prepared fertile mixture well with a solution of potassium permanganate (3 g per 10 liters of water), and then carry out additional treatment with antifungal drugs.
2. Method two. The soil for seedlings is placed in a fabric bag or in a perforated container and left to steam for 45 minutes. You can, of course, heat the soil in the oven, but along with the pathogenic microbes, the necessary nutrients also disappear.

After the disinfection process has been completed, seed material can be added to the soil nutrient mixture. Prepared soil for seedlings according to all the rules will guarantee a high and stable harvest at your summer cottage. Have a great season!