Calculation of the power of the heating battery calculator. Calculation of the number of sections of aluminum heating radiators

When modernizing the heating system, in addition to replacing pipes, radiators are also changed. And today they are made of different materials, different shapes and sizes. Equally important, they have different heat dissipation: the amount of heat that can be transferred to the air. And this must be taken into account when calculating the radiator sections.

The room will be warm if the amount of heat that goes away is compensated. Therefore, in the calculations, the heat loss of the premises is taken as a basis (they depend on the climatic zone, on the material of the walls, insulation, window area, etc.). The second parameter is the thermal power of one section. This is the amount of heat that it can give out at the maximum system parameters (90 ° C at the inlet and 70 ° C at the outlet). This characteristic is necessarily indicated in the passport, and is often present on the packaging.

We do the calculation of the number of sections of heating radiators with our own hands, we take into account the peculiarities of the premises and the heating system

One important point: when doing the calculations yourself, keep in mind that most manufacturers indicate the maximum figure they received under ideal conditions. Therefore, make any rounding up. In the case of low-temperature heating (the temperature of the heating medium at the inlet is below 85 ° C), they search for the heat output for the corresponding parameters or do a recalculation (described below).

Area calculation

This is the simplest technique that allows you to roughly estimate the number of sections required to heat a room. On the basis of many calculations, norms have been derived for the average heating power of one square of the area. To take into account the climatic features of the region, two norms were prescribed in SNiP:

• for regions of central Russia, it is necessary from 60 W to 100 W;
• for areas above 60 °, the heating rate per square meter is 150-200 watts.

Why is there such a wide range in the norms? In order to be able to take into account the materials of the walls and the degree of insulation. For houses made of concrete, the maximum values ​​are taken, for brick houses, you can use the average. For insulated houses - the minimum. Another important detail: these standards are calculated for an average ceiling height - no higher than 2.7 meters.

Knowing the area of ​​the room, you multiply its rate of heat consumption, which is most suitable for your conditions. You get the general heat loss of the room. In the technical data for the selected radiator model, find the heat output of one section. Divide the total heat loss by the power, you get their amount. It is not difficult, but to make it clearer, we will give an example.

An example of calculating the number of radiator sections by the area of ​​the room

Corner room 16 m 2, in the middle lane, in a brick house. Batteries with a thermal power of 140 watts will be installed.

For a brick house, we take heat loss in the middle of the range. Since the room is angular, it is better to take a higher value. Let it be 95 watts. Then it turns out that 16 m 2 * 95 W = 1520 W is required to heat the room.

Now we count the number of radiators for heating this room: 1520 W / 140 W = 10.86 pcs. We round it up, it turns out 11 pcs. So many radiator sections will need to be installed.

The calculation of radiators per area is simple, but far from ideal: the height of the ceilings is not taken into account at all. With a non-standard height, a different technique is used: by volume.

We count batteries by volume

There are norms in SNiP for heating one cubic meter of premises. They are given for different types of buildings:

• for brick for 1 m 3, 34 W of heat is required;
• for panel - 41 W

This calculation of radiator sections is similar to the previous one, only now we do not need an area, but the volume and norms are taken by others. The volume is multiplied by the norm, the resulting figure is divided by the power of one section of the radiator (aluminum, bimetallic or cast iron).

The formula for calculating the number of sections by volume

Calculation example by volume

For example, let's calculate how many sections are needed in a room with an area of ​​16 m 2 and a ceiling height of 3 meters. The building is brick-built. Let's take radiators of the same power: 140 W:

• Find the volume. 16 m 2 * 3 m = 48 m 3
• We consider the required amount of heat (the norm for brick buildings is 34 W). 48 m 3 * 34 W = 1632 W.
• Determine how many sections are needed. 1632W / 140W = 11.66 pcs. Round off, we get 12 pieces.

Now you know two ways to calculate the number of radiators per room.

Heat dissipation of one section

Today the range of radiators is large. With the outward similarity of the majority, thermal indicators can differ significantly. They depend on the material from which they are made, on the size, wall thickness, internal section and on how well thought out the design.

Therefore, it is possible to say exactly how many kW in 1 section of an aluminum (cast iron bimetallic) radiator can be said only in relation to each model. These data are indicated by the manufacturer. After all, there is a significant difference in size: some of them are tall and narrow, others are low and deep. The power of a section of the same height of the same manufacturer, but of different models, may differ by 15-25 W (see the table below for STYLE 500 and STYLE PLUS 500). Even more tangible differences can be from different manufacturers.

Nevertheless, for a preliminary estimate of how many battery sections are needed for space heating, the average values ​​of the heat output were derived for each type of radiator. They can be used for approximate calculations (data are given for batteries with a center distance of 50 cm):

• Bimetallic - one section emits 185 W (0.185 kW).
• Aluminum - 190 W (0.19 kW).
• Cast iron - 120 W (0.120 kW).

More precisely, how many kW in one section of a bimetallic, aluminum or cast iron radiator can you when you choose a model and decide on the dimensions. There can be a very big difference in cast iron batteries. They are with thin or thick walls, due to which their thermal power significantly changes. Above are the average values ​​for batteries of the usual shape (accordion) and those close to it. Radiators in the "retro" style have significantly lower heat output.

These are the technical characteristics of the cast-iron radiators of the Turkish company Demir Dokum. The difference is more than substantial. It can be even more

Based on these values ​​and average norms in SNiP, the average number of radiator sections per 1 m 2 was derived:

• the bimetallic section will heat 1.8 m 2;
• aluminum - 1.9-2.0 m 2;
• cast iron - 1.4-1.5 m 2;

• bimetallic 16 m 2 / 1.8 m 2 = 8.88 pcs, round up - 9 pcs.
• aluminum 16 m 2/2 m 2 = 8 pcs.
• cast iron 16 m 2 / 1.4 m 2 = 11.4 pcs, round up - 12 pcs.

These calculations are only approximate. According to them, you can roughly estimate the cost of purchasing heating devices. You can accurately calculate the number of radiators per room by choosing a model, and then recalculating the number depending on the temperature of the coolant in your system.

Calculation of radiator sections depending on real conditions

Once again, we draw your attention to the fact that the thermal power of one section of the battery is indicated for ideal conditions. The battery will give out so much heat if its coolant at the inlet has a temperature of + 90 ° C, at the outlet + 70 ° C, while the room is maintained at + 20 ° C. That is, the temperature head of the system (also called the "delta system") will be 70 ° C. What to do if your system does not have higher than + 70 ° C at the entrance? or is the room temperature + 23 ° C required? Recalculate the declared capacity.

To do this, you need to calculate the temperature head of your heating system. For example, at the supply you have + 70 ° C, at the outlet + 60 ° C, and in the room you need a temperature of + 23 ° C. We find the delta of your system: this is the arithmetic average of the temperatures at the inlet and outlet, minus the temperature in the room.

For our case, it turns out: (70 ° C + 60 ° C) / 2 - 23 ° C = 42 ° C. The delta for these conditions is 42 ° C. Next, we find this value in the conversion table (located below) and multiply the declared power by this coefficient. We will teach the power that this section can give for your conditions.

When recalculating, we proceed in the following order. We find in the blue colored columns a line with a delta of 42 ° C. It corresponds to a coefficient of 0.51. Now we calculate the thermal power of 1 section of the radiator for our case. For example, the declared power is 185 W, applying the found coefficient, we get: 185 W * 0.51 = 94.35 W. Almost half the size. It is this power that needs to be substituted when calculating the radiator sections. Only taking into account the individual parameters will the room be warm.

There are several different ways to determine the required power of heating devices. The calculation of heating radiators in an apartment can be carried out according to complex methods, which are associated with the use of rather complex equipment (thermal imagers) and specialized software.

The calculation of the number of heating radiators can be done independently, based on the required power of heating devices when calculating per unit area of ​​the room that is heated.

Conditionally schematic calculation of power

In the zone of the temperate climate (the so-called middle climatic zone), the adopted norms regulate the installation of heating radiators with a capacity of 60 - 100 W for each square meter of the room. This calculation is also called area calculation.

In the northern latitudes (meaning not the Far North, but the northern regions, which lie above 60 ° N), the power is taken in the range of 150-200 W per square meter.

The power of the heating boiler is also determined based on these values.

• The calculation of the power of heating radiators is carried out precisely according to this method. It is this power that heating radiators should have. The heat transfer values ​​of cast iron batteries are in the range of 125 - 150 W per section. In other words, a fifteen square meter room can be heated (15 x 100/125 = 12) with two six-piece cast iron radiators;
• Bimetallic radiators are calculated in a similar way, since their power corresponds to the power (in fact, it is slightly more). The manufacturer must indicate these parameters on the factory packaging (as a last resort, these values ​​are given in standard tables for specifications);
• Calculation of aluminum radiators is carried out in the same way. The temperature of the heaters themselves is to a large extent related to the temperature of the coolant inside the system and the heat transfer values ​​of each individual radiator. The overall price of the device is related to this.

There are simple algorithms that are called a general term: a calculator for calculating heating radiators, which uses the above techniques. Do-it-yourself calculation using such algorithms is quite simple.

Additional factors

The above values ​​of the radiator power are given for standard conditions, which are corrected using correction factors depending on the presence or absence of additional factors:

• The height of the room is considered standard if it is 2.7 m. For ceiling heights greater or less than this conventional standard power value, 100 W / m2 is multiplied by a correction factor, which is determined by dividing the height of the room by the standard (2.7 m).

For example, the coefficient for a room with a height of 3.24 m will be: 3.24 / 2.70 = 1.2, and for a room with 2.43 - 0.8 ceilings.

• The number of two outer walls in the room (corner room);
• The number of additional windows in the room;
• The presence of two-chamber energy-saving double-glazed windows.

Important!
It is better to calculate heating radiators using this method with some margin, since such calculations are rather approximate.

Calculation of heat loss

The above calculation of the heat output of heating radiators does not take into account many defining conditions. To be more precise, it is necessary to first determine the values ​​of the heat loss of the building. They are calculated on the basis of data on each wall and ceiling of each room, floor, type of windows and their number, door construction, plaster material, type of brick or insulation material.

Calculation of heat transfer from radiator heating batteries based on an indicator of 1 kW per 10 m2 has significant drawbacks, which are primarily associated with the inaccuracy of these indicators, since they do not take into account the type of the building itself (a detached building or apartment), ceiling height, dimensions of windows and doors ...

The formula for calculating heat loss:

TP total = V x 0.04 + TP o x n o + TP d x n d, where

• TP total - general heat loss in the room;
• V is the volume of the room;
• 0.04 - standard value of heat loss for 1 m3;
• TP o - heat loss from one window (taken as 0.1 kW);
• n o - number of windows;
• TP d - heat loss from one door (taken as 0.2 kW)
• n d is the number of doors.

Calculation of steel radiators

Pst = TPtotal / 1.5 x k, where

• Рst - power of steel radiators;
• TPtot - the value of the total heat loss in the room;
• 1.5 - coefficient for reducing the length of the radiator, taking into account the operation in the temperature range of 70-50 ° C;
• k - safety factor (1.2 - for apartments in a multi-storey building, 1.3 - for a private house)

An example of calculating a steel radiator

We proceed from the conditions that the calculation is performed for a room in a private house with an area of ​​20 square meters with a ceiling height of 3.0 m, which has two windows and one door.

The calculation instructions prescribe the following:

• TPtot = 20 x 3 x 0.04 + 0.1 x 2 + 0.2 x 1 = 2.8 kW;
• Pst = 2.8 kW / 1.5 x 1.3 = 2.43 m.

The calculation of steel heating radiators using this method leads to the result that the total length of the radiators is 2.43 m. Taking into account the presence of two windows in the room, it would be advisable to choose two radiators of a suitable standard length.

Diagram of connection and placement of radiators

Heat transfer from radiators also depends on where the heater is located, as well as the type of connection to the main pipeline.

First of all, heating radiators are placed under windows. Even the use of energy-saving double-glazed windows does not make it possible to avoid the greatest heat loss precisely through the skylights. The radiator, which is installed under the window, heats the air in the room around it.

The heated air rises to the top. In this case, a layer of warm air creates a thermal curtain in front of the opening, which prevents the movement of cold layers of air from the window.

In addition, cold air currents from the window, mixing with warm upward currents from the radiator, enhance the overall convection throughout the entire volume of the room. This allows the air in the room to warm up faster.

In order for such a thermal curtain to be effectively created, it is necessary to install a radiator, which would be at least 70% of the width of the window opening in length.

The deviation of the vertical axes of radiators and windows should not exceed 50 mm.

Important!
In corner rooms, additional radiator panels should be placed along the outer walls, closer to the outer corner.

• When piping radiators, in which risers are used, they must be carried out in the corners of the room (especially in the outer corners of blank walls);
• When to the main pipelines from opposite sides, the heat transfer of the devices increases. From a constructive point of view, one-sided connection to pipes is rational.

Important!
Radiators in which the number of sections is more than twenty should be connected from different sides. This is also true for such a strapping when there is more than one radiator on one hitch.

Heat transfer also depends on how the places for supplying and removing heat carrier from heating devices are located. More heat flux will be when connecting the supply to the upper part and the outlet from the lower part of the radiator.

If the radiators are installed in several tiers, then in this case it is necessary to ensure the consistent movement of the coolant down in the direction of movement.

Video about calculating the power of heating devices:

Approximate calculation of bimetallic radiators

Almost all bimetallic radiators come in standard sizes. Non-standard must be ordered separately.

This somewhat facilitates the calculation of bimetallic heating radiators.

• With a standard ceiling height (2.5 - 2.7 m), one section of a bimetallic radiator is taken per 1.8 m2 of a living room.

For example, for a room of 15 m2, the radiator should have 8 - 9 sections:

• For the volumetric calculation of a bimetallic radiator, a value of 200 W of each section is taken for every 5 m3 of the room.

For example, for a room of 15 m2 and a height of 2.7 m, the number of sections according to this calculation will be 8:

15 x 2.7 / 5 = 8.1

Important!
200W standard wattage has been taken as standard by default. Although in practice there are sections of different power from 120 W to 220 W.

Determination of heat loss using a thermal imager

Thermal imagers are now widely used for careful monitoring of the thermal characteristics of objects and the determination of the thermal insulation properties of structures. With the help of a thermal imager, a quick survey of buildings is carried out in order to determine the exact value of heat loss, as well as hidden construction defects and poor quality materials.

The use of these devices makes it possible to determine the exact values ​​of real heat losses through structural elements. Taking into account the given coefficient of heat transfer resistance, these values ​​are compared with the standards. In the same way, the places of moisture condensation and irrational piping of radiators in the heating system are determined.

At first glance, it is easy to calculate how many radiator sections to install in a given room. The larger the room, the more sections the radiator should consist of. But in practice, how warm it will be in a particular room depends on more than a dozen factors. Taking them into account, it is possible to calculate the required amount of heat from radiators much more accurately.

General information

The heat transfer of one section of the radiator is indicated in the technical characteristics of products from any manufacturer. The number of radiators in a room usually corresponds to the number of windows. Most often, radiators are located under the windows. Their dimensions depend on the area of ​​the free wall between the window and the floor. It should be borne in mind that the radiator must be lowered at least 10 cm from the window sill. And the distance between the floor and the lower line of the radiator must be at least 6 cm. These parameters determine the height of the device.

Heat transfer of one section of a cast-iron radiator is 140 watts, more modern metal ones - from 170 and above.

You can calculate the number of heating radiator sections , leaving the area of ​​the room or its volume.

According to the norms, it is believed that heating one square meter of a room requires 100 watts of thermal energy. If we proceed from the volume, then the amount of heat per 1 cubic meter will be at least 41 watts.

But none of these methods will be accurate if you do not take into account the characteristics of a particular room, the number and size of windows, the material of the walls, and much more. Therefore, calculating the radiator sections using the standard formula, we will add the coefficients created by this or that condition.

Room area - calculation of the number of heating radiator sections

This calculation is usually applied to premises located in standard panel residential buildings with a ceiling height of up to 2.6 meters.

The area of ​​the room is multiplied by 100 (the amount of heat for 1m2) and is divided by the heat transfer of one section of the radiator indicated by the manufacturer. For example: the area of ​​the room is 22 m2, the heat transfer of one section of the radiator is 170 watts.

22X100 / 170 = 12.9

This room needs 13 radiator sections.

If one section of the radiator has 190 watts of heat transfer, then we get 22X100 / 180 = 11.57, that is, you can limit yourself to 12 sections.

You need to add 20% to the calculations if the room has a balcony or is located at the end of the house. A battery installed in a niche will reduce heat transfer by another 15%. But the kitchen will be 10-15% warmer.

We make calculations on the volume of the room

For a panel house with a standard ceiling height, as already mentioned above, the heat is calculated from the need for 41 watts per 1m3. But if the house is new, brick, double-glazed windows are installed in it, and the outer walls are insulated, then you need 34 watts per 1m3.

The formula for calculating the number of radiator sections looks like this: the volume (area multiplied by the ceiling height) is multiplied by 41 or 34 (depending on the type of house) and divided by the heat transfer of one radiator section specified in the manufacturer's passport.

For example:

Room area 18 m2, ceiling height 2, 6 m. The house is a typical panel building. Heat transfer of one section of the radiator - 170 watts.

18X2.6X41 / 170 = 11.2. So, we need 11 radiator sections. This is provided that the room is not angular and does not have a balcony, otherwise it is better to install 12 sections.

We will calculate as accurately as possible

And here is the formula by which you can calculate the number of radiator sections as accurately as possible :

The area of ​​the room is multiplied by 100 watts and by the coefficients q1, q2, q3, q4, q5, q6, q7 and divided by the heat transfer of one section of the radiator.

More about these ratios:

q1 - type of glazing : with a triple-glazed unit, the coefficient will be 0.85, with a double-glazed unit - 1 and with ordinary glazing - 1.27.

In the harsh Russian winter, correctly selected radiators are the key to a comfortable temperature. For the correct calculation, you need to take into account many nuances - from the size of the room to the average temperature. Such complex calculations are usually performed by specialists, but you can do them yourself, taking into account possible errors.

The easiest and fastest way to calculate

To quickly estimate the required heat dissipation of the battery, you can use the simplest formula... Calculate the area of ​​the room (length in meters multiplied by width in meters), and then multiply the result by 100.

Q = S × 100, where:

• Q is the required heat transfer from the heater.
• S is the area of ​​the heated room.
• 100 - the number of watts per 1 m2 with a standard ceiling height of 2.7 m according to GOST.

Calculating indicators using this formula is very simple. To set the required values, you need a tape measure, a sheet of paper, and a pen. At the same time, it is important to remember that this method of calculation only suitable for non-separable radiators... In addition, the received results will be approximate- many important indicators remain unaccounted for.

Area calculation

This type of calculation is one of the simplest. It does not take into account a number of indicators: the number of windows, the presence of external walls, the degree of insulation of the room, etc.

However, different types of radiators have a number of features that must be taken into account. They will be discussed below.

Bimetallic, aluminum and cast iron radiators

As a rule, they are installed instead of cast iron predecessors. In order for the new heating element to serve no worse, you need to correctly calculate the number of sections depending on the area of ​​the room.

Bimetal has several features:

• The heat dissipation of such batteries is higher than that of cast iron. For example, if the temperature of the coolant is about 90 degrees C, then the average values ​​will be 150 W for cast iron and 200 for bimetal.
• Over time, plaque appears on the internal surfaces of the radiators, as a result of which their efficiency decreases.

The formula for calculating the number of sections is as follows:

N = S * 100 / X, where:

• N is the number of sections.
• S is the area of ​​the room.
• 100 is the minimum radiator power per square meter.
• X is the declared heat transfer of one section.

This method of calculation also suitable for new cast iron radiators... But, unfortunately, this formula does not take into account some peculiarities:

• Suitable for rooms with ceiling heights up to 3 meters.
• The calculation does not take into account the number of windows, the degree of insulation of the room.
• Not suitable for the northern regions of Russia, where the temperature regime in winter is significantly different from the average.

Read also: Water volume in the heating radiator

Steel radiators

Panel steel batteries vary in size and capacity. The number of panels varies from one to three. They are combined with various types of ribbing (these are corrugated metal plates inside). To figure out which battery to take into account, you need to familiarize yourself with all types:

• Type 10. Contains only one panel. These batteries are thin, lightweight, but low-power.
• Type 11. Combines one panel and one finning plate. They are slightly larger and heavier than the previous ones, but they are warmer.
• Type 21. Between two panels there is one finning plate.
• Type 22. The design assumes the presence of two panels and two corrugated plates. It has more heat dissipation than model 21.
• Type 33. The most powerful and largest battery. As follows from the license plate, it contains three panels and the same number of corrugated plates.

Selecting a panel battery is somewhat more difficult than a sectional one. To determine the configuration, you need calculate heat using the above formula, and then find the corresponding value in the table. The tabular grid will help you choose the number of panels and the required dimensions.

For example, the area of ​​the premises is 18 sq. M. At the same time, the ceiling height, according to the norm, is 2.7 m. The required heat transfer coefficient is 100 W. Therefore, 18 must be multiplied by 100, then find the closest value (1800 W) in the table:

Type of	11				12				22
Height	300	400	500	600	300	400	500	600	300	400	500	600
Length, mm	Heat transfer indicators, W
400	298	379	459	538	372	473	639	745	510	642	772	900
500	373	474	574	673	465	591	799	931	638	803	965	1125
600	447	568	688	808	558	709	958	1117	766	963	1158	1349
700	522	663	803	942	651	827	1118	1303	893	1124	1351	1574
800	596	758	918	1077	744	946	1278	1490	1021	1284	1544	1799
900	671	852	1032	1211	837	1064	1437	1676	1148	1445	1737	2024
1000	745	947	1147	1346	930	1182	1597	1862	1276	1605	1930	2249
1100	820	1042	1262	1481	1023	1300	1757	2048	1404	1766	2123	2474
1200	894	1136	1376	1615	1168	1418	1916	2234	1531	1926	2316	2699
1400	1043	1326	1606	1884	1302	1655	2236	2607	1786	2247	2702	3149
1600	1192	1515	1835	2154	1488	1891	2555	2979	2042	2558	3088	3598
1800	1341	1705	2065	2473	1674	2128	2875	3352	2297	2889	3474	4048
2000	1490	1894	2294	2692	1860	2364	3194	3724	2552	3210	3860	4498

Read also: Heating radiators or underfloor heating

Volume calculation

The volume calculation method is considered more accurate. In addition, it should be used if the room is non-standard, for example, if the ceiling height is much higher than the generally accepted 2.7 meters. The formula for calculating heat transfer is as follows:

Q = S × h × 40 (34)

• S is the area of ​​the room.
• h is the height of the walls from floor to ceiling in meters.
• 40 - coefficient for a panel house.
• 34 is the coefficient for a brick house.

The principles for calculating the required dimensions of the battery remain the same for both sectional (bimetallic, aluminum, cast iron) and panel (steel) ones.

Making an amendment

For the most accurate calculations, you need to add to the standard formula several coefficients that affect the heating efficiency.

Connection type

The heat transfer of the battery depends on how the pipes for the inlet and outlet of the coolant are located. There are the following types of connections and multiplying factors (I) for them:

1. Diagonal, when feeding from above, outflow from below (I = 1.0).
2. One-way connection with top flow and bottom return (I = 1.03).
3. Double-sided, where the input-output is located below, but on different sides (I = 1.13).
4. Diagonal, when the feed is from the bottom, the outflow is from the top (I = 1.25).
5. One-way, in which the entrance is at the bottom, the exit is at the top (I = 1.28).
6. The supply and return are from the bottom, on one side of the battery (I = 1.28).

Location

The location of the radiator on a flat wall, in a niche or behind a decorative casing is important indicator which can significantly affect thermal performance.

Location options and their coefficients (J):

1. The battery is on an open wall, the window sill does not hang from above (J = 0.9).
2. Above the heater is a shelf or window sill (J = 1.0).
3. The radiator is fixed in a wall niche, and is covered from above with a ledge (J = 1.07).
4. A window sill hangs over the heater, and a decorative panel partially covers it from the front side (J = 1.12).
5. The radiator is located inside a decorative casing (J = 1.2).

Walls and roof

Thin or well-insulated walls, the nature of the upper rooms, roofs, as well as the orientation of the apartment to the cardinal points - all these indicators only seem insignificant. In fact, they can keep the lion's share of the heat or even cool the apartment. Therefore, they should also be included in the formula.

Coefficient A - the number of external walls in the room:

• 1 outer wall (A = 1.0).
• 2 outer walls (A = 1.2).
• 3 outer walls (A = 1.3).
• All walls are external (A = 1.4).

The next indicator is orientation to the cardinal points(V). If the room is north or east, then B = 1.1. In southern or western rooms, the sun warms up more, therefore, a multiplying factor is not needed, B = 1.

The comfort of living in a house or apartment is closely related to an optimally balanced heating system. The creation of such a system is the most important issue that cannot be solved without knowledge of modern proven schemes for connecting heating radiators. Before proceeding to solving the problem with connecting heating, it is important to take into account the rules for calculating heating radiators.

Peculiarities

Heating radiators are calculated in accordance with the heat loss of a particular room, as well as depending on the area of ​​this room. It would seem that there is nothing complicated in creating a proven heating scheme with pipe circuits and a medium circulating through them, but the correct heat engineering calculations are based on the requirements of SNiP. Such calculations are performed by specialists, and the procedure itself is considered extremely complex. However, with an acceptable simplification, you can perform the procedures yourself. In addition to the area of ​​the heated room, some nuances are taken into account in the calculations.

It is not for nothing that experts use various methods to calculate radiators. Their main feature is taking into account the maximum heat loss of the room. Then the required number of heating devices is already calculated, which compensate for these losses.

It is clear that the simpler the method used, the more accurate the final results will be. In addition, specialists use special coefficients for non-standard premises.

Under the non-standard conditions of a particular room, an exit to a balcony, large windows, the location of a room, for example, if it is corner, is accepted. Professional calculations include a number of formulas that are difficult to appeal to a non-professional in this area.

Specialists often use special devices in their projects. For example, a thermal imager can handle the exact determination of the actual heat loss. Based on the data received from the device, the number of radiators is calculated, which accurately compensate for losses.

This method of calculation will show the coldest points of the apartment, the places where the heat will go away most actively. Such points often arise due to construction defects, for example, admitted by workers, or due to poor quality building materials.

The results of the calculations are closely related to the existing types of heating radiators. To obtain the best result in the calculations, it is necessary to know the parameters of the devices planned for use.

The modern range includes the following types of radiators:

• steel;
• cast iron;
• aluminum;
• bimetallic.

To carry out calculations, you need such device parameters as the power and shape of the radiator, the material of manufacture. The simplest scheme involves placing radiators under each window in the room. Therefore, the calculated number of radiators is usually equal to the number of window openings.

However, before purchasing the necessary equipment, you need to determine its capacity. This parameter is often related to the size of the device, as well as the material of manufacture of the batteries. With these data in the calculations, you need to figure it out in more detail.

What does it depend on?

The accuracy of the calculations also depends on how they are made: for the whole apartment or for one room. Experts advise choosing a calculation for one room. It may take a little longer to work, but the data obtained will be the most accurate. At the same time, when purchasing equipment, you need to take into account about 20 percent of the stock. This stock will come in handy if there are interruptions in the operation of the central heating system or if the walls are panel. Also, this measure will save with an insufficiently efficient heating boiler used in a private house.

The relationship between the heating system and the type of radiator used must be taken into account first. For example, steel devices come in very elegant shapes, but the models are not particularly popular with buyers. It is believed that the main disadvantage of such devices is poor-quality heat transfer. The main advantage is the inexpensive price, as well as light weight, which simplifies the work associated with installing the device.

Steel radiators usually have thin walls that heat up quickly but cool down just as quickly. The welded joints of the steel sheets leak in the event of water hammer. Inexpensive options without special coating corrode. Manufacturers' warranty obligations are usually short. Therefore, despite the relative cheapness, you will have to spend a lot.

Steel radiators are one-piece non-sectional construction. When choosing this option, you should immediately pay attention to the passport capacity of the products. This parameter should correspond to the characteristics of the room in which the equipment is planned to be installed. Steel radiators with the ability to change the number of sections are usually made to order.

Cast iron radiators are familiar to many for their ribbed appearance. Such "accordions" were installed both in apartments and in public buildings everywhere. Cast-iron batteries do not differ in particular grace, but they serve for a long time and efficiently. Some private houses still have them. A positive characteristic of this type of radiator is not only quality, but also the ability to supplement the number of sections.

Modern cast iron batteries have slightly modified their appearance. They are more elegant, sleek, and they also produce exclusive versions with a cast iron pattern.

Modern models have the properties of previous versions:

• keep warm for a long time;
• are not afraid of water hammer and temperature changes;
• do not corrode;
• suitable for all types of heat transfer fluids.

In addition to the unsightly appearance, cast iron batteries have another significant drawback - fragility. Cast iron batteries are almost impossible to install alone, as they are very massive. Not all partitions can support the weight of a cast iron battery.

Aluminum radiators have appeared on the market recently. The low price contributes to the popularity of this species. Aluminum batteries have excellent heat dissipation. Moreover, these radiators are lightweight and usually do not require a large volume of coolant.

On sale you can find options for aluminum batteries, both in sections and in solid cells. This makes it possible to calculate the exact number of products in accordance with the required power.

Like any other product, aluminum batteries have disadvantages, such as being susceptible to corrosion. In this case, there is a risk of gassing. The quality of the coolant for aluminum batteries must be very high. If aluminum radiators are of sectional type, then at the joints they often leak. At the same time, it is simply impossible to repair the battery. The highest quality aluminum batteries are made by anodic oxidation of the metal. However, these designs have no external differences.

Bimetallic heating radiators have a special design, due to which they have increased heat transfer, and the reliability is comparable to cast iron options. The bimetallic radiator battery consists of sections connected by a vertical channel. The outer aluminum shell of the battery provides high heat dissipation. Such batteries are not afraid of hydraulic shocks, and any coolant can circulate inside them. The only drawback of bimetallic batteries is their high price.

From the presented variety of products, it can be concluded that the calculation of the power of the heating system is performed not only on the area of ​​the room, but also on the characteristics of the radiators. Let's take a closer look at the topic of calculations.

How to calculate?

The technical parameters of battery radiators made of different materials differ. Experts advise installing cast iron radiators in a private house. It is better to install bimetallic or aluminum batteries in an apartment. The selection of the number of batteries is based on the squares of the area of ​​the room. The calculation of the size of the sections is made from the possible heat losses.

It is more convenient to take into account heat losses using the example of a private house. Heat will be lost through window, doorways, ceilings and walls, ventilation systems. There is a classic coefficient for each loss. It is denoted by the letter Q in professional formulas.

The calculations include components such as:

• area of ​​a window, door or other structure - S;
• temperature difference inside and outside - DT;
• wall thickness –V;
• thermal conductivity of walls –Y.

The formula looks like this: Q = S * DT / R layer, R = v / Y.

All calculated Qs are summed up, and 10-40 percent of the losses that may be present due to the presence of ventilation shafts are added to them. The number must be divided by the total area of ​​the house and summed up with the estimated capacity of the radiator batteries.

It is also worth considering the heat loss at the upper floors with cold attics.

To simplify calculations, specialists use a professional table that includes the following columns:

• The name of a room;
• volume in cubic meters m;
• area in sq. m;
• heat loss in kW.

For example, a room with an area of ​​20 m2 will correspond to a volume of 7.8. The heat loss of the room will be 0.65. In the calculations, it is worth considering that the orientation of the walls will also matter. Additives for verticals oriented north, northeast, northwest will be 10 percent. For walls facing southeast and west - 5 percent. There is no additional factor for the south side. If the room is more than 4 meters high, the additional factor is 2 percent. If the room in question is corner, then the addition will be 5 percent.

In addition to heat loss, other factors must be taken into account. You can select the number of batteries for a room by squaring. For example, it is known that heating 1 m2 requires at least 100 watts. That is, rooms of 10 m2 need a radiator with a power of at least 1 kW. This is about 8 sections of a standard cast iron battery. The calculation is also relevant for rooms with standard ceilings up to three meters high.

If you need to make a more accurate calculation per square meter, then you should take into account all the heat loss. The formula assumes multiplying 100 (watt / m2) by the corresponding square meters and by all the Q factors.

The value found by volume gives the same figures as the formula for calculating the area, SNiP indicators of heat loss in the room of a panel house with wooden frames 41 W per meter3. A lower indicator is needed if modern plastic windows are installed - 34 W per m3.

The heat consumption will be even lower if the room has wide walls. The type of wall material is also taken into account in the calculations: brick, foam concrete, as well as the presence of insulation.

The following formulas exist to calculate the number of battery sections and the estimated capacity:

• N = S * 100 | P (excluding heat losses);
• N = V * 41Bt * 1.2 | P 9 (with heat losses taken into account), where:
  • N is the number of sections;
  • P is the power of a section unit;
  • S - area;
  • V is the volume of the room;
  • 1.2 is the standard coefficient.

The heat dissipation of sections of specific types of radiators can be found on the fin of the products. Manufacturers usually indicate indicators in a standard way.

The average values ​​are as follows:

• aluminum - 170-200 W;
• bimetal - 150 W;
• cast iron - 120 W.

To simplify the task, you can use a special calculator. In order to use the software tool, you need all the initial data. The finished result on hand will be faster than with manual calculations.

To simplify calculations, adjustments can be made and fractional figures can be rounded up. It is better to have a reserve of power, and the temperature level will help regulate the thermostat.

If there are several windows in the room, you need to divide the calculated number of sections in order to install them under each window. Thus, an optimal heat curtain will be created for cold air penetrating through the glass units.

If several walls of one room are outdoors, the number of sections must be added. The same rule applies when the ceiling height is more than three meters.

As an addition, it does not hurt to take into account the features of the heating system. For example, an individual or stand-alone system is usually more efficient than a centralized system found in apartment buildings.

Heat dissipation from radiators will vary depending on the type of connection. The optimal connection is diagonal, with the media fed from the top. In this case, the non-thermal power of the radiator will not decrease. When connected to the side, the heat losses are usually the highest. All other types of connections have average efficiency.

The actual power of the device will also decrease in the presence of obstructing things. For example, with an overhanging window sill on top of the radiator, the heat transfer will drop by 7-8 percent. If the window sill does not cover the entire radiator, then the losses will be about 3-5 percent. When installing the screen on a radiator, heat loss will also be observed - about 7-8 percent. If the screen is placed on the entire heater, then the heat transfer of the radiator will decrease by 25 percent.

It is also worth considering the temperature of the medium traveling through the pipes. No matter how effective the radiators are, they will not heat the room with the cooled coolant.

The accuracy of the calculations will allow you to assemble the most comfortable system for your home. With the right approach, you can make any room warm enough. A smart approach also brings financial benefits. You will definitely save money without overpaying for unnecessary equipment. You can save even more if you install the equipment correctly.

A single-pipe heating system is especially difficult. Here, in each subsequent heater, the medium flows increasingly colder. To calculate the power of a one-pipe system, the temperature must be recalculated for each radiator separately.

Instead of engaging in complex and lengthy calculations, you can determine the power as for a two-pipe system, and then proportionally, depending on the distance of the radiators, add sections. This approach will help to increase the heat transfer from the batteries in all areas of the house or apartment.