Septic tanks for a summer residence - what they are and how to choose the right model. Septic tanks for a summer residence: which is better, prices, reviews
Just look at any catalog of an online store offering septic tanks for a country house or cottage, and you will be faced with the difficult task of choosing. In fact, along with dealers in this area, there are enterprises that have only recently entered the market, or successful manufacturers that have been operating for a long time and have achieved success, but have decided to develop a new direction of their activity. Therefore, we invite you to familiarize yourself with what types of septic tanks are available for a summer residence and will compare them so that you can decide which is better.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better? What to consider when choosing them?
The model line of septic tanks is quite wide, which allows you to choose the best septic tank for your dacha that will meet your individual requirements. When choosing such a cleaning system for a country house, cottage or cottage, you need to consider the following factors:
- The number of permanent residents (take into account possible guests).
- The number of plumbing points (showers, toilets, Jacuzzis, bathtubs, sinks) and household appliances (dishwashers and washing machines), the volume of their waste.
- Depth groundwater.
- Soil type on site.
- Option for discharging treated water (gravity or forced).
How to install a septic tank at the dacha:
- Preparing the pit.
- Arrangement of supply trenches for pipes and wires.
- Installing a septic tank in a pit and sprinkling sand around it.
- Filling the septic tank chambers with water.
- The pipe cuts in, the power supply connection.
- Commissioning works are being carried out.
- The outer part of the septic tank is prepared taking into account the features landscape design in the territory.
The principle of operation of septic tanks
A septic tank is a structure that is used to treat wastewater. The design of its device implies the presence of a multi-chamber system. The first tank (sump) receives wastewater from the house through a pipeline. Bacterial decomposition of wastewater occurs in it. In some devices, usually industrial ones, structures are installed here that are responsible for filtering contaminated water.
The decomposition of wastewater occurs under the influence of anaerobic or oxygen-free bacteria. They convert the liquid entering the settling tank into clarified water, gas and mineral insoluble sludge or sediment.
All anaerobic septic tanks include several chambers. In the first, wastewater treatment and partial filtration take place. In the second and in all the others, the purification process continues.The gas formed as a result of the decomposition of wastewater is removed through a ventilation pipe, and the water goes into the overflow hole into the second tank. In this case, anaerobic bacteria do not stop cleaning the wastewater. Then the clarified water flows into the next container or is supplied to the filtration fields. After soil filtration, the liquid is absorbed into the soil. This structure belongs to anaerobic type systems or non-volatile septic tanks.
There are also a variety of devices that require electricity to operate. These are aerobic septic tanks with biological treatment. In such devices, wastewater treatment is carried out by aerobic microorganisms that simply cannot exist without oxygen. For this reason, the compressor automatically turns on after a certain time and supplies air inside the tanks. The process of wastewater decomposition in these installations occurs very quickly. The level of purification of contaminated waters is 98%.
The operating principle of an aerobic septic tank requires a constant flow of oxygen, since the bacteria contained in the activated sludge die and cleaning stops.
One of the most common structures is a storage septic tank. It is a single-chamber sealed device used to accumulate wastewater that is pumped out using a sewage disposal machine. Additionally, the tank is equipped with a filling level sensor. This option is the best for those who often visit their country house, but for various reasons it is impossible to set up an effective wastewater treatment area.
Septic tanks for a summer residence: which one is better?
- Non-volatile septic tanks.
Models that operate without electricity and are not tied to the presence of electrical networks are suitable for small dachas new houses. In remote areas and gardening communities, there is a possibility of a power outage for a fairly long period, so it is worth deciding in advance on the equipment for small country houses. In remote areas and gardening communities there is a risk of power outages for a fairly long period, so it is worth choosing sewage equipment in advance.
Of course, users have a question about whether a septic tank is needed at all in the country if it is possible to equip a cesspool. We will not convince dacha owners, but simply remind them of aesthetics, sanitary requirements and basic amenities. We invite you to familiarize yourself with the best non-volatile septic tanks.
- "Tank".
The “Tank” septic tank is made of high-strength plastic, having a thickness of 10 to 17 mm with stiffening ribs. The design itself provides resistance to high loads that are formed under soil pressure in summer and winter. The estimated service life of the product is at least five to ten years, subject to operating conditions. A conventional septic tank works on the principle of cleaning Wastewater through settling or further biological decomposition of the material with a high-performance biofilter. The infiltrator is responsible for distributing purified water that enters the ground.
The unique shape of the body protects the structure of the septic tank from being squeezed out by the soil, and the possibility of equipping it with a high neck allows them to be placed at the required depth. A special design, including module blocks, allows you to assemble almost any volume of a septic tank, and overflow pipes act as connections.
The operating conditions of the septic tank imply its periodic cleaning of accumulated solid residue. With proper operation of the equipment and the use of bacterial colonies, the container should be cleaned every four to five years. But it is recommended to do this at least once a year. In the case of periodic use of a septic tank, during the winter, when sewerage drainage is not supposed to be treated, approximately a third of the water is removed from the tank.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Tank”
Price of septic tank "Tank"
It is worth noting that the price of this septic tank is more than affordable for many private home owners. This is one of the main advantages that causes great interest in the product. The price largely depends on its volume and therefore increases with increasing capacity.
Reviews of the “Tank” septic tank for a summer residence
Alexander
“The septic tank filters perfectly, there are no comments. There were no problems with its installation, since everything was described in detail in the instructions. Convenient, environmentally friendly, economical. I leave positive feedback."
“I studied a lot of reviews, the opinions of buyers differ, but, as a rule, negative emotions arise only due to improper installation and operation of this septic tank.”
“The septic tank does not consume electricity and operates completely autonomously, but I would not take a very large volume, since unfavorable conditions for the development of bacteria may form.”
“Two years ago we installed a Tank-1 septic tank, from which we use water to water the garden. It’s very convenient, since there is no water source on our site, including technical water.”
- "Triton".
Three chambers that are responsible for implementing the process of removing various suspended matter from contaminated water, anaerobic decomposition of biological material, as well as supplying purified wastewater to a special filtration site. This septic tank is produced in several versions, which gives you the opportunity to choose between models with a volume from 2 to 40 m3.
Once a year, or in case of intensive use twice a year, it is worth clearing the container of accumulated solid sediment. The service life of a plastic container is approximately 50 years. When installing equipment, it is necessary to provide an “anchor”, a monolithic concrete surface or concrete slab, which ensures good retention of the septic tank at the required level.
For small baths and country houses, it is better to use the “Triton-mini” models, which are compact septic tanks for the summer, designed to receive wastewater of small volumes.
Table of characteristics of the Triton septic tank
Price for septic tank "Triton"
Despite their low cost, treatment plants are popular both for small summer cottages and for country cottages for permanent residence. The septic tank provides the necessary level of wastewater treatment.
Reviews of the Triton septic tank“The summer before last I installed a Triton N-1 septic tank at my dacha. It works “excellently” and fully copes with its stated function.”
“Easy installation, low price, simple maintenance. The quality and cost are completely justified. My parents installed this septic tank last summer and were very pleased. The first cleaning was quick and without any unpleasant odors.”
“I installed this septic tank for my parents at their dacha in the village. They have been using it for three years, my father is happy. An excellent option for a dacha where it is not celebrated a large number of drain water."
“When installed correctly, the Triton septic tank is not afraid of severe frosts or other typical problems. It's been two years since the septic tank was installed, and we're happy with everything. The guests who came to our dacha also seriously thought about installing such a septic tank.”
- "Aqua-bio".
The septic tank is intended for summer cottage, where you can create a filtration field or another type of soil post-purification of water drained from the tank. A simple septic tank system involves passing contaminated water through 5 chambers. Initially, sedimentation of solid suspensions occurs in 3 compartments of the tank, then in the remaining 2 chambers the processes of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter occur due to the development of colonies of anaerobes on the surface of a special load.
The main advantages of this septic tank are a large number of chambers, which increases the efficiency of wastewater treatment. As a result, you will not need to reconstruct the filtration fields, which will remain clean for a long time, which means you will not encounter additional costs during the operation of the septic tank. The tightness of the durable plastic housing eliminates the possibility of contaminated wastewater entering the soil.
The productivity of different models can vary from 600 to 1300 liters per day. The price of a septic tank for a summer residence depends on this indicator. A simple calculation allows you to decide on the most suitable model, but do not forget that such a septic tank is not suitable for areas where there is a high groundwater level.
Models of the Aqua-bio septic tank differ from each other in productivity and volume. Today, containers are produced with a volume of: 3600, 3000, 2500, 2000 liters. Accordingly, with productivity l/day: 1300, 1100, 900, 700.
Prices for septic tank "Aqua-bio"
If we talk about the cost of the Aqua septic tank, then, in comparison with similar solutions, such structures cannot be classified as budget ones. You can verify this by carefully studying the table below.
Reviews about the septic tank “Aqua-bio”
“Not disappointed, works reliably and stably. In severe frost, once it was “grabbed” by three centimeters of ice. We had to resort to insulating the lids.”
“I ordered it, installed it and have been using it for several years now. Everything is fine, I can confidently say that he is not afraid of even severe frosts.”
“I carried out a thorough installation, we overwintered well, I leave a positive review and recommend this septic tank for the dacha.”
- Energy-dependent septic tanks.
They require a constant connection to electricity and can work on the principle of forced oxygen supply to the batteries, namely aerobic wastewater treatment. Such septic tank models are a real deep cleaning station, allowing you to bring it to the required level, when the discharge can be directed into storm sewers, reservoirs and ditches without any risk of disturbing the ecological balance. Among domestic septic tanks, it is worth highlighting the five most common models.
- "Tver".
Such a septic tank belongs to local treatment facilities, where wastewater treatment occurs in a comprehensive manner. The device simultaneously uses several different technologies, which are combined into a single system and provide excellent results when using a small area of land.
It’s worth noting right away that this solution is energy-dependent and is adapted for use in houses intended for permanent residence. But it’s also great for a dacha if you follow simple rules conservation.
The equipment contains a multi-chamber container and high-quality plastic. The first chamber acts as a settling tank, which retains most of the poorly soluble inclusions. Some of them will sink to the bottom, while the rest will float on the surface. Here anaerobic decomposition processes take place, continuing in the second chamber on biofilters. Then comes the aeration chamber, where the water is saturated with oxygen. This activates aerobic water purification by microorganisms. The liquid is further purified in several chambers, where it flows by gravity. One of them contains limestone loading, where it binds with harmful decomposition products, namely nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.
The addition of chlorine-containing reagents can increase the efficiency of water disinfection.
Installation of models is carried out on different types of soil, even if the dacha is located on former peat mines, which are characterized by a highly aggressive environment. Durable plastic does not corrode, and an additional “anchor” pre-installed in the pit will not allow the container to “float”.
The main distinctive feature of the Tver septic tank is the reception of a large volume of wastewater. Therefore, if you need to drain the bathtub, then it will cope with this task without deteriorating the quality of the outlet water and without releasing untreated wastewater.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank "Tver"
Reviews and price of septic tank "Tver"
If you look at all the reviews about this product, you can come to a single conclusion: in most cases, such a treatment plant fully satisfies the needs of every modern person. There were no complaints about difficulty during operation or cleaning. One cannot but rejoice that this septic tank is the development of our specialists. Moreover, its price is affordable, as you will see by studying the information in our table.
| Model name | Dimensions L×W×H, mm | Productivity, m3 per day | Weight, kg | approximate price |
| 0.75P | 2250×850×1670 | 0,75 | 120 | 67500 rub. |
| 0.75PN | 2600×850×1670 | 0,75 | 140 | 77,000 rub. |
| 0.75RM | 2250×850×1970 | 0,75 | 78,000 rub. | |
| 0.75PNM | 2600×850×1970 | 0,75 | 170 | 88,000 rub. |
| 1P | 2500×1100×1670 | 1 | 150 | 86,000 rub. |
| 1PN | 3050×1100×1670 | 1 | 180 | 96,000 rub. |
| 1RM | 2500×1100×1970 | 1 | ||
| 1PNM | 3000×1100×1970 | 1 | 210 | 100,000 rub. |
| 1.5P | 3500×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 250 | 107500 rub. |
| 1.5PN | 3850×1100×1670 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5RM | 3500×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 280 | 119,000 rub. |
| 1.5PNM | 3850×1100×1970 | 1,5 | 310 | 128,000 rub. |
- "Leader".
Such septic tanks use electricity to remove sediment from sedimentation tanks and to run an aerator, which saturates the water with oxygen for the development of aerobic microorganisms that eat organic matter. As you can see, this is a volatile solution. Thanks to the integrated approach and the presence of six chambers, the process requires the use of special bioadditives, and the system is highly resistant to temporary overloads of wastewater pollution.
Wastewater treatment is carried out according to the principle that discharge can be carried out in a convenient place: ditches, pond or drainage well. As you can see, there are no violations of standards for the discharge of pollutants; there is complete consistency with the ecology of the surrounding nature.
Local wastewater treatment occurs on the principle of passing through all stages of the tank with pumping out the activated sludge that has accumulated. The first chamber is used for the mechanical stage of purification - primary clarification of water and sedimentation of suspended particles. The manufacturer indicates that the effectiveness of this chamber is 2/3 of mineral contamination.
As for the second stage, a bioreactor is used here, in which anaerobic bacteria initiate fermentation (conversion of difficult-to-oxidize substances into simple ones for the oxidation process). Moreover, bacteria develop on a polymer fishing line that imitates algae. In subsequent blocks of the septic tank, namely in the third, fourth and fifth, wastewater is purified by aerobic bacteria. All conditions for life are provided for them, which are created using two aeration tanks with aerators.
The bacteria themselves multiply on the porous material, form entire colonies, turning into activated sludge. As a result of the victorious battle with the drains, the last stage of the septic tank emerges. Here the neutralization of phosphates occurs in an alkaline environment.
Table of characteristics of the septic tank “Leader”Price for septic tank Leader
The cost of a septic tank with turnkey installation directly depends on its dimensions, power, weight, and connection to the sewerage system. Septic tanks also differ in price, which depends on the chosen model of the cleaning device.
Nowadays, the price of a Leader septic tank may vary, so below we will look not just at the price category, but also at the different models of the septic tank.
- "Poplar".
The design of this septic tank allows it to be used in the following temperature range - from -30 to +40 0C. It works on the principle of passing sewage water through four compartments (two of them have aerators installed). Regular supply of oxygen to the contents has a positive effect on the development of bacteria, which are responsible for the decomposition of biomaterial. The required oxygen pressure is provided by compressors, and the process of circulating fluid between different compartments is carried out by airlifts.
When human waste is decomposed by bacteria, the wastewater enters the settling tank, where activated sludge is deposited, and the liquid is sent through a filter to the collection system. All pumps are located in a sealed compartment, as a result of which moisture on the contacts is completely excluded and ensured reliable protection equipment.
The septic tank body is made of polymers that do not corrode, and average term The service life of a septic tank is approximately 50 years. As for deposits, they are removed independently or using a sewer machine.
Table of characteristics of the Topol septic tank
Septic tank “Topol”: reviews and prices
If installation work is carried out in strict accordance with all requirements, then no questions will arise during the operation of the Topol septic tank. We read numerous reviews of the operation of this treatment plant that we could find on the Internet, and came to the following conclusion: the reviews are mostly positive, without harsh criticism of the septic tank and its characteristics. The main thing is to choose an installation that is appropriate in terms of performance and install it correctly.
If we talk about prices, they are competitive, neither cheaper nor more expensive than other options. Of course, they grow as the volume and productivity of the container increases. In the table below you can familiarize yourself with average cost Topol installations of various capacities.
| Model | Price in rubles. | Electricity consumption, kW/day | Maximum one-time discharge in liters | Daily processing, m 3 / day | Number of conditional users |
| "Topol 3" | 70,000 rub. | 0,9 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 3 PR" | 76,000 rub. | 1,2 | 170 | 0,65 | 1-3 |
| "Topol 5" | 80900 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 PR" | 87900 rub. | 1,2 / 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long" | 103500 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 5 Long PR" | 110800 rub. | 1,5 | 250 | 1,1 | up to 5 |
| "Topol 8" | 99800 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 PR" | 119,000 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long" | 115500 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 8 Long PR" | 120900 rub. | 1,6 / 1,9 | 470 | 1,9 | 6-8 |
| "Topol 10" | 125,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| Topol 10 PR | 135,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long" | 144,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
| "Topol 10 Long PR" | 153,000 rub. | 2,3 / 2,6 | 790 | 3,3 | 9-10 |
- "Topas".
In the Topas septic tank, sewage water is purified in several directions: the process of decomposition of organic materials, reducing the mineralization of wastewater, as well as cleaning from mechanical impurities. The operating principle of such a septic tank cannot be considered innovative, but be that as it may, it provides purified water (98%), which you can use for irrigation.
The first stage of purification is carried out in the receiving stone, in which sedimentation of mechanical impurities occurs. Then the airlift pumps partially purified water into the aeration tank to resolve organic compounds as a result of the activity of bacteria (their colonies are in activated sludge). Suspended sludge entering with water has a deeper purification, which is deposited in the next compartment. The fully purified water will then be removed from the system and the sludge will be returned for later use.
Equipment servicing occurs when checking the operation of the compressor and diagnosing the septic tank.
Topas characteristics table
| Model name | Designed for number of people | Dimensions, mm
The Ecopan septic tank was designed for use on heaving soils with a high clay content. The destructive effects of the soil are compensated by the two-layer design of the septic tank with a huge number of internal partitions between the first polymer layers. For light soils, it is better to use Ecopan L series. It is resistant to various mechanical damages, as it has a wall thickness of up to 8 mm. The step-by-step cleaning process is carried out by six sections of the septic tank. In the first compartment, heavy and light suspensions are deposited, differing as they accumulate through the hatch provided by the manufacturers. Then follows the aerobic process, which takes place inside the next compartment. Ruff loading guarantees fast development bacteria that decompose organic compounds. In the next chamber, oxygen is supplied to oxidize with a compress and deepen the decomposition process. Sedimentation of suspensions and calming of mixtures is carried out in the next compartment, from where the sediment is pumped into the first chamber for subsequent removal. To purify wastewater to the required values, the penultimate compartment is used, in which colonies of organisms on a brush load bring about the decomposition of biomaterials, and limestone ensures a normal pH of the environment. Purified water from the last chamber is removed from the system by gravity or through a pump. Table of characteristics of the Ecopan septic tank Price for septic tank "Ekopan" Septic tanks for dachas "Ekopan" are not too expensive - their prices are comparable to the cost of similar VOCs. Below we provide a table with the cost of the most popular models of local septic tanks.
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Dacha plots are usually located outside populated areas and do not have their own central sewerage system. Accordingly, in order to ensure convenience in the house, you will have to think about a local treatment device - a septic tank.
These facilities are manufactured by many companies that have proven their treatment devices to be highly efficient and reliable. But at the same time, the range of models and price range are too large for an ignorant person to quickly make a choice in favor of one of the proposed options and not make a mistake.
Septic tanks differ:
Most often, manufacturers offer treatment systems made of polymers, reinforced concrete structures, fiberglass, and metal containers. Septic tanks can be either completely autonomous or dependent on electrical energy.
First of all, you should draw up a plan of your summer cottage and residential building, indicating on it the distance to the nearest objects: water intake points, roads, plantings, etc. On this plan, a diagram of the laying of future sewer communications will be drawn in the future.
Also, to choose the optimal treatment plant you will need to know:
- how many people will use the water supply;
- how much water is consumed;
- what kind of plumbing and household appliances (for example, a washing machine) will be installed in the house.
The last parameter, without which it is impossible to choose, is the type of soil and the level of aquifers (groundwater).
This information is a priority when choosing a local treatment plant. WITH
But your choice regarding the disposal of purified water (storage well, drainage and other options) and the method of cleaning the septic tank (vacuum truck, drainage pump, etc.) plays an important role.
Storage septic tanks
Storage-type septic tanks are a sealed container for collecting wastewater. You can make such a septic tank yourself or order a ready-made one. The structure is very easy to deliver to the site and install in the pit, because similar models usually have very little mass. The price of storage septic tanks is also not high. In addition, the sealed storage structure can be installed on any soil and even with high groundwater levels.
Storage type septic tanks - best option for a summer cottage where the owners (a family of no more than 2-3 people) come only in the summer, and the amount of tap water used is small (that is, we are talking only about such amenities as a toilet and sink).
In addition to these positive aspects, there are also some disadvantages. The container will have to be cleaned periodically (no more than 2-3 times during the summer), so you will either have to purchase a drainage pump or call a vacuum cleaner, the operation of which usually spreads an unpleasant odor throughout the area.
| Container material | Description | Retail price |
|---|---|---|
| Polyethylene | Horizontal containers (for a septic tank) with fins are designed for constructing biological treatment systems or storage septic tanks. | 21200 rub. |
| Metal containers | A sewer storage tank is used to collect and accumulate wastewater from the sewer system. The welded metal container is made of 5 mm steel, steel type 3 sp. The frame is reinforced with stiffening ribs. | from 26250 to 112500 rub. |
| Polyethylene | Vertical storage capacity 750 liters. Dimensions: 1960x785 mm. (V*D). The container set includes: a 360 mm lid with a ventilation valve, a dismountable device (fitting) for draining water. | 9000 rub. |
| Polyethylene | Plastic cylindrical container 5000 liters. Dimensions: 2280x1840mm. (V*D). Can be connected to the container various equipment(pump, filter, float, vent valve, etc.). The container set includes: a 500 mm lid, a dismountable device (fitting) for draining water. | 37,000 rub. |
| Plastic | Plastic water tank 1000 l. Eurocube | Without metal braid - 15,000 rubles. Metal braid - 15,400 rub. |
Single-, two- or three-chamber septic tanks with soil-based wastewater treatment
Families of 3 or more people who often come to their summer cottage are recommended to install a septic tank with one, two or three chambers and a soil treatment system. Such septic tanks are also made independently, but purchase ready-made option- more reliable and less labor-intensive.
In septic tanks of this type, water is purified as follows: water flowing into the sewer pipe enters the first storage tank, where it is initially settled and purified, after which the liquid, freed from fat and solid inclusions, is poured into the second chamber, and then into the third, leaving cleaning percentage up to 65%. Such liquid cannot be disposed of in the ground, so you will need either a drainage field or a filter well (infiltrator).
The more residents there are in your dacha, the larger the container should be installed.
The system is very simple and economical, easy to install, does not depend on the power supply, and such septic tanks need to be cleaned no more than once every 2-3 years (even less often when using biological products). How to choose with , You can read in our article.
The downside is that even factory-produced installations of this type take up quite a lot of space. And, despite the opportunity to decorate the layer of earth above the ceiling of the septic tank, serious earthworks will have to be carried out on the site. Plus, periodically (once every 5 years) you will have to change or clean the filters in the drainage, remove sludge from the bottom of the tanks, and this again causes discomfort and financial costs.
However, if you are ready for such tests, then septic tanks with several chambers are the best solution for your dacha.
Calculator for calculating the required volume of a septic tank
rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)
And now the moment has come when the terrain of the site has been planned, the dream house is built from reliable material, there are only a couple of points left to be completed related to convenience and nature... A private country house/dacha for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence - without a connection to the central sewerage system requires proper and competent solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewerage system or septic tank, which will purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only solution is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. Is it better to choose a waste tank or a septic tank for a country house? But which is the best septic tank or waste tank? Which is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult issues when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials, which of those offered on the market is the most reliable and of the highest quality. I would like to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand which high-quality septic tank has a great guarantee.
History of the septic tank
Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. Modern standard comfortable life even in a dacha presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater. Because the correct selection and subsequent drainage of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.
Article about the best /
What will we get from this article? — MAXIMUM for choosing a septic tank/septic tank. We will also pay attention to definitions, operating principles of various treatment plants, and the most popular and effective models. Let's determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or cottage. And what characteristics need to be taken into account when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing for yourself best solution for sewerage.
Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018
Today it is already 2018 and in our modern world there is a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to do right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, You understand how many there are, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - will we fully define which is which? Since many people confuse the name septic tank with autonomous sewerage system.
For temporary residence
For permanent residence
DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or .
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems there are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for your home and dacha will be your own. We will start with the simplest thing - definitions and explanations of what is what.
A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (French réserve from the Latin reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). This technological solution allows you to preserve the ecological environment on your and neighboring sites. The storage tank does not process or purify wastewater from the sewer system.
- The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal machine.
A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for treating household wastewater from sewers. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:
- The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows.
- The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil treatment) made of perforated pipes laid on a layer of crushed stone.
The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of a variety of materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.
VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This structure is a multi-chamber closed system in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment occur. The entire range of measures in the VOC allows for complete and reliable purification with a degree of 98%, which allows the treated wastewater from the VOC to be reused. It can be washed, used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply thrown into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches operating mode (when the colony of bacteria multiplies in sufficient quantity). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.
Since everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:
- GWL—groundwater level. The GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first water-resistant layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it is also worth considering that ground water level is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in the spring the snow melts, during which the groundwater level increases, while in the winter it decreases.
- Availability of water protection facilities/zones - a limited regime for carrying out any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
- The area for a septic tank/wastewater is the size of the area that you are willing to give up for organizing wastewater treatment.
IMPORTANT: Bacteria for cleaning wastewater in and
Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere, but even here you can’t do without them. Let's look in detail at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper work and conditions for bacteria will be provided reliable operation VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...
Anaerobic bacteria for and
The waste enters the septic tank, where a reaction of decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They form and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process using these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.
As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently purified and is not process water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used/arranged.
Aerobic bacteria for
They are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment occurs. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists of separating natural waste into its components. This type bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.
- For normal functioning, activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg/dm³, and 0.5 mg/dm³ of dissolved oxygen is considered quite satisfactory.
- The maximum percentage of purification for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
- The maximum percentage of purification with aerobic bacteria is 98%.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION or how it works: Storage tank, septic tank or autonomous sewer system.
Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how processes and work occur in a septic tank and/or. The wastewater flows through a pipeline or sewer into a septic tank or. The operating principles of all cleaning systems consist of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of treatment and is not recommended by law and regulations for disposal into the ground. First of all, let's look at the information about the septic tank...
The septic tank is a “beta” version of a local treatment plant. To begin with, how does the cleaning process take place in a septic tank?
- After the wastewater enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and proliferation of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, heavy fractions settle to the bottom, fat floats up and the effluent is clarified. After preliminary settling and all biological processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
- After the first stage, the degree of purification is not sufficient to allow wastewater to be safely discharged into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional purification; for this purpose it is necessary to release the settled wastewater to soil additional treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater has the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.
These cycles consist of several cleaning stages, which is why the container consists of several parts/compartments. Sewage effluent ends up in VOCs, which are mainly composed of 3 parts.
- The first compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical/anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewer system. The same is true for the first stage in a septic tank. The flow of wastewater into the second compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
- Second compartment or aeration tank. It uses a biological/aerobic cleaning method. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, resulting in the biological decomposition of organic matter. Pumps or compressors are used to produce beneficial microorganisms. The flow of wastewater into the third compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
- The third compartment or secondary settling tank. Here the last stage of purification occurs - the remaining organic matter turns into sludge and settles to the bottom. Process water comes out of the secondary chamber with a degree of purification of 98%. This water is suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.
- Septic tank - purification degree 90%
- VOC - purity 98%
TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR STORAGE CAPACITY
Let's take a closer look at the technical features and intended use for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe even a VOC.
A storage tank is an ideal option for a small country house inhabited by 2-3 people, and not in all cases, since they do not recycle wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all sewerage drainage solutions. Considering the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal tank volume.
Service
There is only one service for storage tanks and it is quite simple. To carry it out, you need to call a sewage treatment machine and pump out the wastewater from the storage tank when it is completely filled.
First of all, a septic tank for a home with field filtration is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal residence. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses (all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field) taking into account laws and regulations. And Low level groundwater is the main factor in the selection of existing options for the disposal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).
Filter field
The main visual differences between a storage tank and a septic tank are the additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system of drainpipes located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater is treated. The receiver of treated wastewater is the soil. In case of high groundwater level, it is necessary to install pumping station and place the entire treatment structure higher and install it in the embankment.
At the moment it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a home, cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, installing a deep biological treatment station requires quite a bit of space compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank; there is no need to organize filtration fields or other technical solutions. All you need to do is discharge the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.
Degree of purification
VOC is a modern wastewater treatment facility with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be used and is suitable for any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filter fields in the bulk are applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.
Facilities
Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly select the los for your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant supply of wastewater. Therefore, everything in the Delfin VOC is implemented by gravity.
For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES: Storage capacity, or.
All systems are designed to purify wastewater after a home or cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only the positive side, but also the negative, in order to accept correct solution. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of using this or that cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected volumes of runoff, so when purchasing, you must take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary accommodation it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial expenses. When it comes to a septic tank for permanent use, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.
| Concrete septic tank/storage tank | Plastic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Frame | |||
| Possibility of self-production | You can do it yourself | Factory version only | Factory version only. |
| Equipment tightness | When made independently, it is difficult to seal, especially when the groundwater level is high. | The housing is sealed and requires anchoring or special devices. Simple design ensures stable operation of the preliminary cleaning stage. Durable. Environmental Safety. | Sealed housing, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental Safety. |
| Cleaning of drains | |||
| Wastewater treatment options | No | Filtration well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially important for cesspools and concrete wells | Autonomous sewerage is small in size. It can be placed on absolutely any site and in any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrator, drainage ditch. |
| Degree of wastewater treatment | Degree of purification - 60%. | Degree of purification - 90%. An unpleasant odor emanating from a storage septic tank, overflow well or filtration field. Penetration of sewage (fecal water) into groundwater, and then often it ends up in water intake wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness. | High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all treatment technologies, a high degree of purification is achieved, which allows water to be discharged into a ditch or drainage (process water, reuse). |
| Electricity addiction | No | Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the septic tank design. No electrical connection required. But a permanent stay is required. Necessary for all cleaning processes to take place. Without wastewater, wastewater rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station. | Energy dependence. This factor is not a disadvantage for all autonomous sewers. Depending on the principle and operating modes of the station, energy dependence can play a key role on the operating cost of the entire station. Since the automation and compressors with pumps operate constantly, the station quickly consumes its service life and the reliability of the station’s components. |
| Requirement for regular “replenishment” | Doesn't matter | Doesn't matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding. | Reacts poorly to uneven flows of wastewater; it is better to use for permanent residence |
| Salvo release | Handles large volumes perfectly | It copes well with large volumes. If the volume is correctly calculated, the septic tank is not afraid of increased volley discharge of wastewater. | Handles only a certain amount of waste |
| High groundwater level (GWL) | To ensure pumping of settled wastewater, it is necessary to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and will become comparable to an autonomous sewerage system. | Can be used when groundwater levels are high. Organization of CNS or additional modifications. | |
| OPERATION and SERVICE | |||
| Service | Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank is filled. Limited storage capacity. Constant monitoring of wastewater levels. | Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum maintenance and operating costs. Regular calling of sewage trucks (necessary even for TANK-type septic tanks that require constant filling of anaerobic bacteria) for pumping out unprocessed wastewater | Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers strive to reduce the cost of their products that require systematic intervention. service department manufacturer's company. Compressor technical service. Convenient and simple operation, without constant attention. |
| Smell | Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health. | Siltation filtration field. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to re-lay the filtration field arises on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional expenses. | No smell. All gases exit through ventilation. |
| INSTALLATION | |||
| Excavation. | Simple installation under the container. | Area by Field Filtration. Complexity of installation and rather large volume earthworks. Since soil purification is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. The installation of primitive septic tanks is cumbersome and not possible everywhere, and the need to provide access for a sewage disposal truck. | Easy installation. For autonomous sewerage, it is not necessary to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional volume of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions). |
RATING: Description of top IMPORTED (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence
This article will provide a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers/VOCs in the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market currently, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, you also need to take into account not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. When comparing home septic tanks with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...
Since there are currently many types of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in types, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worth clearly analyzing all the nuances and choosing it according technical specifications, the quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.
Delfin
Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Joint production with the largest company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.
TOPOL ECO
Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production c. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.
Alta Bio
The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has occupied a leading position in the market.
Tver
The stations are produced relatively recently compared to everyone else. But they have good reviews and design features from their analogues.
UPONOR
Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their customers.
UNILOS ASTRA
SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for various types of facilities.
EUROBION
In 2005, the group of companies “National Ecological project" Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.
TANK
Appearance of VOC and Septic tank
Appearance can sometimes tell a lot in this case too. How the station will feel depends on the ground conditions.
VOC PRO from Delfin
LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO
VOC from Alta Bio
VOC Tver
UPONOR
LOS UNILOS ASTRA
VOC EUROBION
TANK
Principle of operation
PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO6
Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting of drains and no unscheduled maintenance
1st Camera
Pre-settler
Processes: Accumulation of wastewater, preliminary treatment and sedimentation of wastewater (sedimentation of the heavy fraction).
2nd Camera
Aerotank + MBBR Technology
Processes: Active purification of wastewater in the water column by aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.
3rd chamber
Secondary settling tank
Processes: Secondary settling of treated wastewater before discharge from the station.
The process of deep biological purification in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /VOC occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in case of power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous sewage system PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.
- VOC No flooding
- Stable operation of drains
- No unscheduled maintenance
Topas and Principle of operation
is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.
Reception chamber
Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike “classical installations” in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator to mix the drain and saturate it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse particle filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. He serves compressed air on the:
When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:
- aeration of the receiving chamber,
- airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
- airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
- aeration in the secondary settling tank.
Aerotank reactor
The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.
Secondary settling tank
A chamber in the shape of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge flows from the aeration tank-reactor into the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in top layer water and is removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.
The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio
At the heart of every autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. This is where most organic waste breaks down. Today there is a large number of different autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers a more advanced design, which is a system for completely purifying water from waste.
Two stages of water purification in the Alta Bio autonomous sewage system:
The first stage of wastewater treatment involves sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber settling tank. The settling tank (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which domestic sewage flows. The overflows are located in such a way that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third are 25% each of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day wastewater treatment.
Second stage of wastewater treatment
Additional purification in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped using a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit to the upper part of the station and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the loading material.
Autonomous sewage system for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate as normal, but as a regular septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will return to operating mode.
Brief description and scope of application of the Alta Bio septic tank
The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewage systems in dachas, cottages or other types of country buildings. Septic tanks are often installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.
Design and principle of operation of a septic tank Tver
The container is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:
- septic. This is where the wastewater gets first and foremost, and this is where the main processes of settling insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them enter the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
- anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber along the wastewater route is the aeration tank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Fired expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float up. A biofilm of microorganisms forms on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the wastewater are mechanically destroyed as they pass through the structural elements of the chamber (brushes) and are partially hydrolyzed due to vital activity anaerobic microorganisms(yeast) - the process of fermentation of waste takes place here;
- aeration tank This chamber contains an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. The oxygen-saturated liquid is sent for further processing;
- settling tank Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspended matter, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
- aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously occur in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are highly toxic. In the aerobic bioreactor, just like in the second chamber, a brush load is located. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary settling tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then the wastewater is discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
- settling tank-stabilizer. In this chamber, the liquid is further clarified by the natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after this, 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, this chamber contains floats with chlorine-containing reagents, which are responsible for water disinfection.
The septic tank is light in weight and has fairly thin walls; this cannot be considered a plus or minus. These factors make installation easy, and the thin walls are made of high-quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they may bend, but will not collapse.
FINNISH SEPTIC Uponor
WehoPuts on-site treatment plants are biochemical type treatment plants for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.
Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed for treating wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.
The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for complete biochemical treatment of household wastewater. Those. After passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, and their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The operating principle of such stations is as follows:
- The wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (settlement tank), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contaminants as completely as possible;
- Next, the wastewater enters a technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes actively occur). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
- at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspended matter. It is also responsible for binding phosphorus compounds;
- after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground
Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same quality of cleaning; containers are strong and durable; The products are accompanied by all necessary documents and are easy to use. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Onor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.
VOC Uponor BioClean is one of the innovative solutions from Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Fits all sanitary requirements. It consists of a solid container in which the following processes take place:
- preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the settling tank;
- in the next reservoir, the wastewater is aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
- then a flotation reagent is added to the wastewater (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
- excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
- treated wastewater is pumped into a well for sampling
Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment station for cleaning the sewerage of a cottage, private house or a whole group of houses. Considering the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often save money on purchasing one powerful unit, which is installed for several families. Advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Disadvantages include: relatively slow operation, high price. The septic tank body is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a settling section and a system for discharging purified water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate the wastewater.
Receiving chamber or surge tank
Untreated wastewater sewer main(1,2) enter the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where they are prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air that occurs during operation installed in a special compartment (I) air compressor. Then, the evenly mixed wastewater is pumped through the coarse fraction filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-degradable contaminants from passing further, and is pumped into the aeration tank chamber (B) by the main pump.
Aerotank
It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut pump) principle, where pumping occurs by supplying air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. In the aeration tank, the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge - biomass dissolved in water consisting of different types of microorganisms that, in the process of vital activity, decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.
Secondary settling tank
After the aeration tank, the mixture of purified wastewater and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the influence of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, exits the station (3). A grease film trap (grease trap) is installed between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary settling tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.
Sludge stabilizer
The sludge that has settled to the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber depending on the level of wastewater in the latter.
How Eurobion works
The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use waste pollutants as food. Below is a technological diagram of the operation of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.
Receiving aeration tank
The wastewater flows through the supply sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element “POLIATR” (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with air oxygen occurs - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - a biomass of microorganisms that process contaminants.
Primary aerobic settling tank
Partially treated wastewater passes through two holes in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic settling tank (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the process of denitrification, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen, occurs intensively. Further, as the wastewater moves downward, it enters the aerobic sediment zone, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary settling tank (10).
Secondary settling tank
The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary settling tank and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the cleaning process in the secondary settling tank enters the biofilm degasser (14) and, under the action of bubbling, is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified wastewater enters a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of purified wastewater to the outlet of the installation. Treated wastewater to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of compulsory execution of the station.
AU BIOTANK
This series has proven itself as absolutely unpretentious in use and practically maintenance-free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require additional purification in the ground. The advantages of this system: no additional treatment fields, no complex electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the operating mode, not afraid of temporary power outages, the output is clean, odorless water.
The most modern deep biological treatment station BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.
Firstly, the division of septic tanks is based on the shape of the body, vertical And horizontal. The vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of the pit.
Modifications are also provided for each of the two cases with gravity water release, and with forced reset on the terrain using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And ETC.
Modern polymer material is used to make the case. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by injection is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settling tank for separating undissolved impurities. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier, which has a floating load covered with biofilm. The main cleaning process takes place in this compartment, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonia nitrogen. To ensure flow chemical reactions air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional settling tank, in which the medium is separated and the water is freed from residues that formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which operates on the principle of a separator. Pure water (98% purified) is supplied to the outlet.
ATTENTION, THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS IN 2018
- Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or fewer users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
- When there is a power outage, most stations, due to their design features, lose the ability to continue treatment and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
- The design of many autonomous sewer systems requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement of station components.
- Fully automatic control of station operation with alarm system → very low energy consumption
- Simple and quick installation
- Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage systems DELFIN for many years.
Comparison of wastewater treatment stations for up to 6 users: DELFIN PRO6, TOPAS-s 6, Alta Bio 7, Tver-1 PN, Uponor Clean I (BioClean 5)
| Manufacturer | Delfin Zp.o.o. | Uponor | Topol-eco | Alta GROUP | Engineering equipment | Triton plastic | SBM-Group | NPF "Water Treatment Equipment" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Septic tank | Delfin (Dolphin) | Uponor | TOPAS 6 | Alta BIO 7 | Tver 1 - P | Biotank 6 | ASTRA 6 | Biozone |
| Energy consumption, kW/day | 0,32 | 0,90 | 1,50 | 1,50 | 1,50 | 1,44 | 1,44 | 3,00 |
| Experience, years | 25 | 20 | 15 | 10 | 6 | 5 | 20 | 14 |
| Warranty, years | 10 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Service, 1 year | 1 | 2 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Work without electricity | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
| Susceptibility to chemicals, garbage, food. | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| MBBR cleaning technologies | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Location of the controller inside | No | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Salvo discharge, liters. | 660 | 500 | 250 | 270 | 250 | 250 | 280 | 260 |
| Capacity in m3/day | 1,36 | 1,1 | 1,15 | 1,4 | 1,0 | 1,00 | 1,20 | 1,50 |
| Recycling process (SNIP) | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Weight, kg | 220 | 210 | 200 | 200 | 165 | 130 | 210 | 220 |
| Station shape | horizontal rectangular | horizontal rectangular | vertical rectangular | vertical rectangular | horizontal rectangular | vertical rectangular | vertical rectangular | vertical rectangular |
| Station operability during short-term power outages | When there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole. | When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown | When there is a power outage, the station starts operating as a regular storage septic tank, which in no way affects the overall operation of the system as a whole. | When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown | When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown | When there is a power outage, airlifts stop working, which leads to overflow of the station and its breakdown |
Basic parameters when choosing
Since all residential plants are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be that easy, since each station has its own twist. And we’ll tell you how much of a positive effect it has a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment stations so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or waste tank with a great guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.
not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris
Oddly enough, there are also stations that have direct restrictions on discharge into an autonomous sewer system. It is clear that the station is not a garbage can, but we will still take into account how these problems were solved. In some they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer system, but in others, unfortunately, they have design limitations this problem not resolved. Below quick comparison and a description of how the problem was resolved.
controller location
The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, sudden changes, and humidity create a dew point that can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their operating conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials, without which no electrical device can do, especially depend on environmental conditions. These materials, under the influence of climate and even weather changes, can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.
The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on
- Operating mode
- Power of devices and equipment
guarantee
When purchasing a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this column we would like to simply rank companies in descending order by the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: to carry out repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:
- breaking
- poor quality material
- defective parts, etc.
Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.
5.00/5 (1 ratings)
You have decided to install a septic tank at your dacha, but which one to choose? There are a huge number of characteristics and manufacturers, it is difficult not to get confused. We will help you make the right choice of septic tank for your dacha.
The dacha is sacred, cucumbers, tomatoes, and other edible vegetation. It is immediately clear that we are at the dacha during rare, fruitful periods. And during the time when you tirelessly lay the foundation of this harvest. In this case, there is no need to equip infrastructure for centuries. The necessary pragmatism is enough. But you can also think about the future, in case you decide to move to the dacha completely and irrevocably.
Everyone strives to realize a comfortable and enjoyable time in nature. Of course, you can make a classic one, which will look beautiful on your site, but in terms of convenience it will never compare with an autonomous sewer system.
Today, during the construction of a new building, an autonomous sewage system has already been included in the project. And even when renovating an old building, the owner tries to allocate space for a bathroom and cleaning system. If you still have doubts or don't know.
Do you need a septic tank at your dacha?
Firstly, given the rare raids on it, you won’t have to bury a monster in the ground, with a huge amount of sewage processing. Installing a small-volume septic tank is within the capabilities of the dacha owner himself. The pit is small, the sewage drains are small, here you can get by with a simple septic tank in three sections and one infiltration chamber. Perhaps I went too far with three sections; there are also two-section ones, but for some reason I don’t want to consider them.
Even if you wish, you will not be able to overload a septic tank designed for 400 liters per day, occasionally resorting to the use of plumbing equipment. Installing such a septic tank will not cause any trouble, but installing autonomous sewer pipes will still require time and effort.
The need for a septic tank in the structure of the sewerage system is, first of all, caused by the possibility of using purified water for further economic needs. If you do not pursue this goal, think hard again about whether you need to install a complex sewer cleaning system? Can a country septic tank bring you significant benefits, and not just costs?
And then, thinking like a businessman, we come to the conclusion that a septic tank for a dacha is very necessary. Why him? Let's figure it out now.
What you need to know before choosing a septic tank
The market is oversaturated with models and technologies, so it is very difficult for an ordinary person to understand so many new products. And if you buy the first cleaning device you come across, you may encounter installation problems or the inability of the septic tank to perform its functions. This is due to the existence of many factors that influence the choice of model and technology. Let's look at the main ones.
- The first thing you need to pay attention to is the seasonal operation of the premises. The owner expects to live at the dacha only in the warm season or in the winter.
- When choosing a cleaning system, pay attention to the number of people living in the room.
- Count how many household appliances use water. These are washing machines, dishwashers, etc.
- It is necessary to inspect and determine the type of soil in which the system will be installed. Depending on its type, the cost of installing the structure may increase or decrease.
- It is also necessary to find out in advance at what depth the groundwater lies.
- Soil mobility can also affect the choice of purchase. With such soil, it is advisable to choose a more durable material that is resistant to mechanical stress.
- Decide between a septic tank with a storage system or separate filtration.
After analyzing all the factors, you need to look at the cost of the purchase, whether it justifies itself or not. In our case it works general rule: how more modern system filters - the higher the price of the septic tank itself. When choosing, evaluate all the pros and cons of the design, and then find your balance between price and quality.
When the dacha has been examined, the soil has been determined, the number of people and equipment has been calculated, it is necessary to consider what types of septic tanks, technologies and materials there are, and how each type compares with the needs of the usual country house building. They all have their advantages and disadvantages. Depending on the price and convenience, you can choose any one. Let's take a closer look at each individual case.
Storage septic tank for the dacha
There are two most common types of septic tanks - one of them is storage. In terms of its structure, it can be called a modified cesspool. Let's consider this option, all its pros and cons.
- As in its predecessor, the cesspool, there is bad smell.
- The capacity has a limited volume, which makes it necessary to constantly monitor water consumption in the household.
- During operation, it requires additional costs for calling a team of vacuum cleaners and equipment.
- The simplicity of the system design allows for simple and inexpensive installation of the septic tank.
- The price of such a purchase is cheaper than competitors.
Advice: It is advisable to opt for a treatment facility that is equipped with a special sensor that indicates the filling level of the tank. This will help you better calculate the call for a waste pumping team, which will save on maintenance.
In fairness, I’ll immediately note that for a dacha, a cesspool is the optimal solution. Even my fingertips tingled from the heresy I wrote, but it’s true. Rare use of water supply, low load on the sewer system, why bother with complex cleaning systems? A 7 m3 cesspool will solve all your problems. You won’t even fill it up in a season. But if you want to be known as the most economical, among all the economical, then you need a septic tank.
The fact is that the range of septic tanks includes equipment that is capable of cleaning wastewater to the point of suitability for technical use. This will mainly be used to water your plants.
Septic tank with filtration system
This is the second type of septic tank, which, despite the higher price, has a number of advantages over its competitors.
- There is no unpleasant odor.
- Regular calls to the sewer team are not required, which reduces the cost of maintaining the structure.
- Low risk of groundwater contamination from waste. All wastewater undergoes thorough treatment.
- Long service life. Some systems can operate for 15 years or more.
- No regular supervision is required; the design operates completely autonomously.
- The price of construction work is higher than that of a storage system.
- During installation, qualified specialists are needed who can develop a full-fledged project and correctly calculate all pipe slopes. If you make mistakes at these stages, then the water will not be able to leave the building by gravity.
Despite the much higher costs of installing the structure, a septic tank with a filtration system is more comfortable. It is suitable for dachas in which the owners live throughout the year.
Working method
The purification system consists of several reservoirs through which contaminated water is passed through several stages.
- When the liquid enters the first container, it undergoes an initial stage of purification, during which the heavy parts settle and the light parts rise to the top.
- In the second compartment, the fractions are settled, in parallel with.
- At the third stage, the water is completely purified and discharged into the ground through the holes provided for this purpose.
The more advanced the cleaning system, the higher the price of the entire purchase. Recent developments in this area make it possible to filter water by 98%.
Bacteria and chemistry in septic tank chambers
I won’t clutter your head with an academic list of beneficial bacteria in Latin, but I’ll just say: some bacteria can exist and be beneficial for the garden, without your participation, and some need care. Just as oxygen is regularly supplied to fish in an aquarium, bacteria will also have to be supplied with it, otherwise they will die.
I’d rather not get involved in the chemical formulas of cleaning reagents either. You will then be enlightened more clearly than at the Academy of Sciences. Mixtures similar to those used in municipal wastewater treatment plants can be used. But this is the case when, for some reason, you want to use purified water for the needs of your dacha. If this is not necessary, then you should not go too far, but do basic wastewater treatment with simple reagents.
Types of material for septic tanks
The septic tank tank is one of the main parts of the water purification system, on which the durability of the entire installation depends. Today, there are three common materials from which they are made: steel, concrete and plastic. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Steel
Metal is different from metal. If the septic tank tank is made of black steel and coated with oil paint, we will have a one-year-old septic tank. By the way, no less in weight than reinforced concrete. Galvanized steel with polymer coating- this is already better and more reliable. Stainless steel is the crown of evolution. With the right grade of metal, these are very durable septic tanks.
Despite its popularity and characteristics, this material cannot be called universal. Even stainless steel, being in such an aggressive environment, is susceptible to corrosion. This leads to a noticeable reduction in the service life of the entire structure. The only advantage when choosing stainless steel is its resistance to seasonal soil movements. And this is a guarantee that the tank will definitely not “float”.
Concrete tank
Reinforced concrete ones are suitable for any type of soil; they are universal for dachas. You can throw them in rings on the prepared foundation. It can be monolithic using formwork, avoiding butt joints. In this case, the surface of the structure must be carefully treated with a sealant that is resistant to aggressive water. Disadvantages of this septic tank: dimensions and large mass of elements. It is impossible to do without earth-moving and lifting equipment.
The most common choice in the recent past. This is due to increased strength and reliability, as well as the absence of competitors. The disadvantages of this design include the huge costs of installing the container, both in terms of money and time. A concrete tank is installed in two ways.
- The first is implemented by calling construction equipment and installing concrete rings. With this technology, special attention is paid to the tightness of the structure at the joints between the rings.
- The second method is the production of special formwork. The concrete solution is poured gradually, forming a finished tank. Despite the financial costs and time required to construct the structure, this technology has predominantly positive reviews.
If you want to build a septic tank with your own hands, it will be concrete. You can use reinforced concrete rings, use round and rectangular formwork, but it is unlikely that you can make anything from high-strength polymers, which are now gaining popularity.
I am in no way dissuading you from making a septic tank with your own hands; in some cases, septic tanks for a dacha in this design are the best. But for small volumes of wastewater, and with the prospect and desire to use purified water in the future, it is necessary to look for industrial designs.
Plastic tank
Plastic and composite materials are twin brothers. It’s just that lately various additives have been added to plastic and it is confidently beginning to compete with metal ones. Its fragility and inability to withstand subzero temperatures is nothing more than a myth. This has not been the case for a long time. It is easy to install, it is possible to increase the number of sections, it is lightweight: pros, pros, pros.
This is probably the best choice in terms of price-quality ratio. The plastic construction is not as heavy as that of competitors, so it does not require renting or calling out special construction equipment. Installation will not take much time. But there is a small drawback. When installing a tank, be sure to anchor it or concrete it. If this is not done, the tank body will appear above the ground after a while. In addition, you can save a lot of money on this.
Based on the advantages and disadvantages of each material, you can choose the tank most suitable for your dacha. The main thing is to pay attention to the thickness of the walls, the rigidity of the structure and the type of polymer from which it is made.
Tank volume
As mentioned earlier, before installing a septic tank, you need to know the number of people living in the house. Let's consider how this affects the choice of tank volume. There is a main rule for choosing tank volume. It must contain an amount of wastewater equal to the water consumption for three days. For example, let’s calculate how much tank is needed for a family with four people.
Advice: If possible, it is better to team up with several neighbors and purchase a high-performance model to serve several homes. This will save on both installation and maintenance of the cleaning system.
For the average water consumption per family member, it is customary to take about 200 liters, that is, for the whole family you will need approximately 800 liters per day. Multiply by three days and get 2400 liters. We convert all the results into cubic meters, where one cube is equal to a thousand liters of water. After simple calculations, it turns out that a family of four needs a tank filled with at least three cubic meters. These are rough estimates for four people living in the house. But don’t forget about household appliances and various life situations. Buying a washing machine or dishwasher can increase your water usage. The number of people in the family may also increase. Therefore, it is better to choose a cleaning system with a reserve, so as not to find yourself in a situation in which it will need to be changed or modified, and this is an extra budget expense.
Advice: When choosing a septic tank, you need to pay attention to the fact that systems with a tank of less than 1 cubic meter have one compartment, and up to ten cubic meters - two cleaning chambers, and over ten - three sections.
We do not have such areas in construction where safety margins are not laid down. Well, it will really be a shame when at the first emergency, the product will be permanently damaged. Where is the guarantee that someone will not forget to turn off the tap? Will a pipe in the basement burst and water will rush into the sewer system through a drain? Your child will bring friends to the dacha and the load on the system will increase significantly over the weekend, where are these guarantees?
And if you live in a country house permanently, then there should be no talk about which septic tank to choose - with an even larger volume than we have considered. It's better to play it safe by a few cubes.
How does soil influence the choice of septic tank?
It affects differently, oh, in different ways. And not only the soil itself: water wanders in its depths. Therefore, you will have to study your plot at the dacha not only up and down, but also in depth. After all, how to choose a septic tank without knowing this? High groundwater means constant contact with the surface of the septic tank. And this is not your tap water, this is an extremely aggressive environment that corrodes not only metal.
You can also run into loamy soil; it will reduce the amount of absorption of treated wastewater by several times. This will also have to be bypassed, branches from the water absorption well will have to be made into the soil to increase productivity.
But dry sandy and moderately oily peat and chernozem types allow you to choose from a wide variety of septic tanks.
The design of the future purchase will depend on the type of soil on the territory of the dacha. If the soil is sandy and loose, it is better to use an anaerobic closed model. This is due to the fact that the filtering capacity of such soils is very high, and using a purification system will not lead to problems.
If the soil has a heavy structure, such as marshy or peat soils, then it is better to opt for a sealed septic tank, which is based on biochemical or biological wastewater treatment. The same designs are suitable for areas where groundwater is located too close to the surface. This will help avoid a situation in which the soil in your dacha gradually acquires the smell of a latrine.
Even if the soil is not very suitable for the type of septic tank you have chosen, the problem can still be solved. To do this, the pit is made larger than the system structure and backfilled sandy soil. This will allow you to install the selected type of structure, but requires separate costs from the family budget.
Climatic conditions
Another factor that needs to be taken into account when choosing a septic tank is the climate zone in which your dacha is located. Why is this so important? The problem is that during constant temperature changes or at low temperatures, the soil can swell. This leads to damage to the country septic tank and a reduction in its service life. In this case, it is better to choose concrete material. It is less susceptible to destruction and can withstand any negative temperatures. Although, if the structure is insulated according to all the rules before installing a plastic tank, it is possible to use this material. The only disadvantage of the technology is the additional costs of insulating and backfilling the autonomous sewage system not with soil that was removed during construction, but with imported sand. This will make the septic tank work longer and help eliminate many problems in the future.
Choosing a septic tank manufacturer
Like any equipment used in the construction of buildings and structures, there are many manufacturers of septic tanks. The model range will baffle even a person experienced in these matters. Various quantities cleaning sections, different volumes, different methods of wastewater treatment, type of body design, it’s already not good, isn’t it?
But with a competent management approach, the choice will not be difficult.
When all factors are taken into account and the type of system is selected, it’s time to decide on the manufacturer. Today the market is represented by the following brands: Leader, Triton, Topol, Tver, Topas. Each of these companies has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it is almost impossible to single out a separate brand. We looked at some models in the article:
True to its name, it has a characteristic shape and wall thickness of about 20mm. Not afraid of anything: neither groundwater, nor capricious soil. Most often it has three sections. The first is responsible for rough treatment of wastewater, in which all solid particles settle to the bottom. And if you install a compressor that supplies active oxygen, the rate of decomposition will increase significantly.
Second section, at your discretion. Do you want to populate bacteria that destroy pollution in an oxygen-free space, aerobic. Or they will arrange a second section for you chemical cleaning, using chlorine and lime. This is a step towards industrial water treatment plants.
The third section is mysteriously called a biological filter, which, in fact, is filled with hygroscopic plastic granules that absorb suspended particles of pollution from wastewater.
Until I install all the models for customers, and receive confirmation of their quality and efficiency over time. Why shouldn’t I praise them in vain?
Septic tank "Termite"
This is where I’ll end with this septic tank. The tank was licked from the septic tank one to one. The designers' imagination has apparently run out. The cleaning principle is the same. This does not mean that this septic tank is bad. This suggests that various manufacturers imitate each other without introducing any design features into their products. Above, I have already described my skepticism towards these new designs, which, apart from borrowing from existing models, do not offer anything new.
Choosing a quality septic tank is not just a solution to a temporary problem or inconvenience. This is the construction of a foundation on which the coziness and comfort of relaxation in the country will be built. Pay maximum attention to choosing a high-quality system in order to forget about the odors and discomfort of ordinary country toilets for many years.
Conclusion
Today it will be protracted, but to the point. Of course, dacha, this is the rare case when I am forced to think that a cesspool will solve all your problems with sewage. However, a country septic tank solves much more problems. It will allow you to use purified water for irrigation, and even if you wash your car with it, nothing bad will happen.
Installing a small-volume septic tank will not require exorbitant efforts; digging a pit for a septic tank for a dacha with a volume of 400 liters will cause a smile of tenderness; it will take two dribbles with an excavator bucket or wave a shovel for half a day. Its installation will not take much effort and energy.
It is important that you decide for yourself whether you need these purified wastewater or whether it is just an empty phrase. After all, a large-volume cesspool will cover the needs of use for a long time internal sewerage dachas Drainage system for drainage of rainwater, you can equip it with natural slopes, or use other solutions. But the fact itself, whether to use a septic tank or not is up to you.
And as you can see, the choice among septic tanks is not great; they mostly copy each other. This means that you need to choose a manufacturer, to whom, if something happens, you can come to the office and express everything you think about it, good or bad. Well, the possibility of using Japanese automation is not visible in the design of the septic tank. Accordingly, you don’t need a Japanese-made septic tank either.
Reasonable value for money is what you should care about.
In the category | with tags , |Until recently, the sewage system of a country house consisted of a cesspool and a wooden toilet at the edge of the site. That is why many preferred to live in city apartments. But imagine how comfortable and cozy it is to live in a separate spacious house, especially if it is a log house. Wooden housing and Fresh air- the key to a person’s health and good mood.
Moreover, today life outside the city has become more comfortable due to the emergence of optimized cleaning devices, which include septic tanks.
Connecting pipes from the house to the septic tank is efficient and reliable autonomous system, which is ideal for suburban housing. Today the market offers a wide selection of septic tanks, varying in quality and price, sizes and types, modifications and other categories. Let's figure out which septic tank is best to choose for a summer residence, and learn more about the principles of operation of the device.
Operating principles and types of septic tanks
A septic tank is a complete and convenient local treatment facility, which is much more practical and safer than a cesspool. Such a device is used where it is impossible to connect to a centralized wastewater collection system. Therefore, septic tanks are optimally suited for summer cottages and suburban areas.
Septic tanks treat and process wastewater until it is safe for the environment. To operate the structures, they are taken out of the house. sewer pipes and connect to the device. Each septic tank has chambers or compartments where wastewater settles and water is purified. The wastewater flows through the pipes into the first chamber, in which heavy inclusions settle to the bottom, and light inclusions float to the top. Then the clarified water flows into the next compartments, where purification continues.
According to the method of action, a septic tank with deep biological treatment and a storage device are distinguished. In addition, equipment is divided by material. Septic tanks are made of plastic, metal, brick, etc. Typically, structures are installed horizontally, but models are also produced for vertical placement. There are autonomous structures powered by electricity.
Each owner of a country house decides for himself which septic tank to choose for his dacha. Let's find out what you need to pay attention to when choosing, and which septic tank is suitable for your site and cottage.
How to choose the right septic tank
- Experts recommend using septic tanks with a deep-cleaning biological filter. Recycling occurs quickly, and wastewater purification reaches 98%;
- The storage device is the simplest and most affordable model, which basically consists of only one camera. Please note that such a septic tank needs to be cleaned every 3-4 years. At the same time, the cleansing is not very deep;
- For seasonal visits to the dacha, choose storage devices, and for permanent residence - with deep cleaning;
- For permanent residence, it is better to choose equipment with a combined aerobic and anaerobic cleaning technology.
- For seasonal rest, only anaerobic is enough. This is a completely sealed tank that operates without air intake. It is cheaper than an aerobic system, which purifies wastewater using oxygen;
- Metal and plastic models suitable for the middle zone and warm regions of the country. Such products can be quickly and easily installed without the involvement of specialists and equipment. In addition, one-piece structures are immediately ready for use after connection;
- For a country house in the northern regions of the country, it is better to choose reinforced concrete wastewater treatment plants, as they can withstand frost, humidity and temperature changes;
- Calculate approximate water consumption. For costs up to 1 cubic meter per day, choose models with one chamber, up to 10 - with two, more than 10 - with three;
- Pay attention to the volume of the tank. How more bathrooms in the house and the higher the number of permanent residents in the house, the larger the volume;
- The degree of soil freezing and the type of soil are of great importance. The higher the groundwater level, the more difficult it is to install a septic tank;
- It is important to correctly calculate the performance of a septic tank for a summer residence, otherwise the efficiency of the device will greatly decrease and the structure will not be able to cope with the load;
- To correctly calculate the performance of the device, multiply 200 liters (daily water consumption per person) by the number of people who permanently live in the house;
- Before purchasing, carefully study the characteristics of the product, read reviews on the Internet and among friends. The most popular today are septic tanks from Tank, Triton and Topas.
Top best antiseptics for the garden
| Brand | Characteristic | The lineup | Price range | |
| Performance | Number of persons | |||
| Tank | Powerful plastic septic tank odorless, suitable for every type of soil and works without electricity, easy to install, purification rate up to 98-100% | 600-1800 l/day | 1-9 | 19 000 —
60,000 rubles |
| Topas | An unpretentious and reliable device does not require special biological preparations to speed up cleaning, easy to use, cleaning rate up to 98% | 800-2000 l/day | 4-10 | 70 000 —
150,000 rubles |
| Unilos | An effective septic tank without pumping, but runs only on electricity, the purification rate is about 95% | 1000-2000 l/day | 3-8 | 80,000 - 120,000 rubles |
| Triton | Compact storage device made of plastic affordable price, does not depend on electricity, up to 90-95%, easy installation | 150-600 l/day | 1-4 | 9 000 —
65,000 rubles |
| Tver | Plastic non-volatile septic tank with a simple design and easy installation, purification rate up to 98% | 350-2000 l/day | 2-30 | 60,000 - 400,000 rubles |
| Poplar (Eco-Grand) | Reliable Japanese system made of polypropylene without pumping and odor, runs on electricity, purification rate up to 98% | 650-3300 l/day | 3-10 | 60,000 - 140,000 rubles |
- When installing internal sewer networks in a log house, take into account the shrinkage of the log house. It is better and more efficient to design the sewerage system together with the water supply even before the construction stage of the house;
- Sites without slopes and house designs that include more than two bathrooms require the installation of a sewer pump;
- Bathrooms and kitchen areas are located next to the place where the sewage system is discharged. Therefore, build a sewerage diagram at the stage of designing a house;
- To install a treatment plant, choose the lowest point of the land plot;
- When installing a sewer system in a private house, the pipes in the house are first laid out;
- IN wooden house key horizontal elements are mounted in the ceilings;
- Place plumbing fixtures (toilets and sinks) correctly. They should be located close to the risers;
- Pay special attention to the fastening of pipes. Unreliable and incorrect fastenings will lead to deformation and breakage of the pipeline;
- In bathrooms, you need to consider a ventilation system, which is also planned at the design stage. Ventilation will eliminate unpleasant odors and get rid of condensation, which negatively affects wood. For more information about ventilation in a wooden house, read the link http://marisrub.ru/uslugi/inzhenernye-sistemy/ventilyatsiya;
- After installing the internal sewerage system, they proceed to installing treatment facilities on the site;
- Septic tanks are installed at the lowest point of the land plot at a distance of at least two meters from the premises to ensure the safety of the foundation. The further away the septic tank is located, the easier and faster the installation will be. However, the distance should not exceed 20 meters, otherwise the installation of additional cleaning wells will be required;
- You cannot install septic tanks next to autonomous water sources (wells and boreholes). The gap between these points is 15-30 meters. This is the necessary distance to ensure sanitary protection;
- In order not to damage green spaces, the distance to the nearest trees should be at least 4 meters;
- The distance from the buildings to the boundaries of the site is at least 3 meters.
It is better to entrust the installation of sewerage and septic tanks for a country house to professionals, since even a minor mistake can lead to problems in the operation of the pipeline, plumbing and other devices. The MariSrub company not only builds turnkey wooden houses and bathhouses, but also installs the necessary engineering systems.
The company's craftsmen will quickly and reliably perform a full range of work on installing internal and external sewerage systems in a country house in compliance with building codes. Already at the first stages of design, the company’s engineer will carry out the necessary calculations according to the layout of the house, the characteristics of the soil of the land plot and the terrain features. Experienced MariSrub specialists will help you choose a suitable septic tank, install sewer pipes and install treatment facilities.