CNC machines - drilling. Features and types of CNC drilling machines Radial CNC drilling machine
The CNC vertical drilling machine, in demand at many enterprises, is divided into different types and difficulty classes. Such machines are used to perform drilling work various holes in blanks; engage in countersinking and drilling.
For these operations, as well as for cutting threads inside a part, drills with cylindrical or conical shanks, threading heads, reamers, countersinks, taps, and other tools are used.
Advantages
Main parameter drilling equipment– perfectly precise holes. The following drilling machines can achieve this goal:
- tabletop and column mounted;
- those with a spindle that feeds automatically;
- vertical - with one or several spindles;
- aggregate and specialized;
- horizontal-centering, radial and thread-cutting.
Considering the characteristics of the products and production volumes, it is good to have technical base enterprises have stationary equipment of all types in order to perform drilling on the optimal machines for this case.
Areas of application of the equipment
The main area of application of drilling machines is metalworking operations. The tools are secured in the spindles vertically, and the workpieces to be processed are secured on the work table. It is very difficult, when moving parts, to align the axis of its future hole with the axis of the drill by eye. Therefore, this process is automated to orient the workpiece to obtain a hole with the desired diameter.
The catalog of software-controlled equipment includes following positions popular machines:
- desktop - with one spindle, used for drilling small holes - up to 12 mm;
- radial drilling - with its own scope of application, processing large heavy workpieces and drilling holes that must be positioned in an arc;
- horizontal drilling - for making deep holes in units for small arms and artillery weapons;
- central - with its participation, center holes are drilled at the ends of the workpieces;
- multi-spindle - effective if you need to drill several holes at the same time;
- with a rotating spindle - capable of working simultaneously in two planes;
- aggregate - has several power heads that act independently;
- a special machine is limited to a set of specific functions.
Equipment has been created that performs combined processing of workpieces: with drilling and boring functions simultaneously, for drilling and cutting work (multi-spindle version) and automatic drilling profile centers.
As for working with wood, vertical ones are popular, processing on one or two sides; performing drilling along with milling and slotting work, they are also intended for making grooves, nests and removing knots.
Vertical type machines
A distinctive feature of such machines is that the location cutting tool on a stand - vertical, it starts moving thanks to a powerful electric motor. And the movable beam moving along the rack is a place for the location of the main components that ensure the technological process.
The control type of most vertical machines is manual or semi-automatic.
But when needed effective work to establish mass production, they prefer a CNC vertical drilling machine. It can be radial (regular or high-speed); with a box-section column, cantilever or magnetic levitation.
Long-lived in serial production
Among vertical drilling machines, there is model 2р135ф2. Its serial production began back in 1979. This domestic unit, along with other popular models, is produced at the Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant. In addition to drilling metalworking equipment, the company produces a variety of honing machines – grinding and lapping machines used for rollers, plungers, bushings, and concentric holes in parts. Dozens of models of metalworking equipment and cutting tools come off the factory assembly line.
If we talk specifically about the 2р135ф2 model, then it belongs to the particularly functional ones. This CNC vertical drilling machine has six spindles in its turret head and a coordinate table, also called a cross table. It is this that contributes to maximum rigidity, high precision, and ensures convenient installation and tool change.
It performs work on:
- countersinking, drilling, reaming and reaming;
- milling of workpieces in the technological process;
- processing parts without preliminary marking;
- thread cutting;
- coordinate processing of workpieces.
This type of equipment has many advantages. It is enough to name only 5 main ones:
- Works with a wide range of spindle speeds and feeds.
- Autonomously selects the standard processing mode for workpieces made of different materials.
- Accuracy of the distances between the axes of the holes being machined is achieved.
- In reality, turning on the automatic mode turns the turrets.
- Automatically performs multi-operation work with a large number of holes.
The design of the machine is extremely simple. Its base is connected to the column, and the caliper moves along vertical guides. The feed reducer and gearbox are rigidly mounted on the column. A slide moves on the base of the coordinate table. They move the desktop in the transverse direction. With the help of a gearbox, the table can move in another direction.
Model 2Р135Ф2 was assigned a quality category of the highest order, and numerical program control simultaneously ensures movement of the worktable along two axes - with precise positioning up to 0.05 mm.
Equipment of new models
CNC models – F6, F8, F10 – are also in demand among enterprises. They are used to drill through and blind holes in planes and ends with high precision furniture panels, timber blanks. They are then used to manufacture cabinet furniture.
Such equipment has found application in furniture factories engaged in mass or serial production of products. The machines have many advantages:
- in one pass of the workpiece, the process of drilling all additive cards is ensured;
- ease of operation: there is no need to reconfigure the machine for each part, you can select required program and a new type of workpiece is installed;
- ease of programming: the optimization program itself selects the additive option (the fastest for a given tool);
- a pass-through mode of operation is possible (the machine is serviced by two) or a mode of returning the panel to loading (when one operator is working);
- reliable fixation of workpieces is ensured by pneumatic brakes;
- the equipment can be controlled using an ergonomic remote control displaying all operations performed.
Machine operators have the opportunity to adjust the length, width and thickness of the material, and the work involves vertical spindles (7 of them) and 1-2 horizontal ones.
Horizontal type drilling centers
Horizontal CNC drilling machines are convenient for processing massive workpieces in short time, the spindle with the cutting tool - a large drill - is located in a horizontal plane. On many models, the workpiece is installed motionless. The tools themselves, thanks to the presence of a rotating drum (there are several movable spindle heads on it), approach the workpieces, accurately finding the drilling points.
A range of modern drilling equipment, in addition to machines that can be found in garages, auto repair shops, furniture production, in the aviation industry and instrument making; is represented by reliable and extremely precise high-power drilling centers with numerical control, guaranteeing the highest quality.
Conclusion
Drilling equipment with numerical control capabilities is in demand in the field of industrial production, especially the vertical type of machines. When purchasing it, many are guided by the brand or are guided by financial considerations, choosing equipment produced domestically or produced abroad. The main thing is that the machine has a factory warranty from the manufacturer, corresponds to its purpose and clearly performs its functions.
The radial drilling machine is one of the rather complex devices that provides high level quality of work performed. It is necessary for creating a variety of holes and internal thread, drilling and countersinking. Working on a conventional machine requires the operator to have experience and certain skills, ability, attention, concentration and significant physical effort. That is why the use of a CNC radial drilling machine has become an excellent replacement for old equipment and a guarantee of performing work with high precision.
Unit features
Using a radial drilling machine allows you to speed up various operations related to the creation various kinds holes in parts made of metal. This is a universal equipment that, despite its small size and ease of maintenance, allows you to achieve a high level of quality when performing operations related to drilling.
CNC equipment is designed to create through or blind holes in metal workpieces and parts. The main components of the machine are:
- thread taps;
- drills of various diameters;
- sweeps;
- countersink.
In addition to the listed elements, the machine can be installed optional equipment. However, the presence of numerical program control involves the use of a special computer unit, into the memory of which all the nuances of the upcoming planned operation are entered.
The peculiarity of radial drilling machines is the ability to make the required holes at any angle to the surface of the part. In this case, the appearance of each individual hole depends on the angle of its axis.
All necessary data is entered into the computer’s memory and the planned operation can be performed at a high level of quality and without the use of manual operator labor.
Thanks to the design features of the machine, which the developers took care of, parts with complex geometry and non-standard parameters can be processed.
The holes processed on this machine have a cylindrical or even conical shape. All parts are securely fixed, and tools designed for cutting metal move smoothly in a given direction.
CNC radial drilling machines can be large or have small sizes and installed on the desktop. In any case, they all differ in characteristics, which allows them to work with parts made from a wide variety of metals.
Structural units
There are 4 types of radial drilling machines, differing in their design features and the presence of certain components in the design:
- Stationary equipment on which general operations are performed.
- Equipment equipped with a column, the peculiarity of which is the ability to move along guides installed here along the surface of the workpiece.
- Machines that are particularly large in size move themselves in a given direction. The guides for these models are specially mounted rails.
- Small-sized machines installed in the work area. They are designed to perform high precision operations.
Working on a machine equipped with numerical control requires special training and availability large quantity knowledge and skills.
Working with numerical control requires certain skills and abilities.
Despite the presence of some design features, each model is equipped with a base that differs high degree reliability.
The part is fixed on it. The cylindrical column of the radial drilling machine, on which the horizontal traverse is fixed, is made in such a way that it can perform rotational movements.
The traverse moves in a horizontal plane, but to perform drilling operations or creating internal threads, it is necessary that the machine is equipped with a drill headstock with a working spindle. It is the spindle that is necessary for reliable fixation of the metal carving tool.
This design is quite simple and the specified work on stationary equipment is carried out in short time With minimum cost physical strength.
CNC drilling
How does the unit work?
The functionality of a radial drilling machine depends on the quality of its components. For example, the operation of this equipment requires the installation of a gearbox in the drill headstock and adjustment of the working gears.
All manipulations related to processing metal parts, are performed thanks to the precise and rhythmic rotation of the cutting tool.
On the front panel there is a kind of control center for the machine and all operations performed. Its power also depends on the quality and features of the electric motor with which the radial drilling machine is equipped. However, the parameters of the processing performed depend on various factors, including:
- diameter of the hole being created;
- the greatest distance that the spindle can move;
- the number of the cone, which is located in the inside of the spindle and attached to the machine;
- the number of steps with which you can adjust the spindle speed;
- number of spindle revolutions.
Radial drilling machines are complex, but highly efficient and multifunctional equipment.
Most of these machines are used on large enterprises, and numerical control greatly facilitates the work performed on creating different diameter holes in parts of the most complex shapes.
Advantages of CNC machine
main feature radial drilling machine with numerical control – lightness and high processing speed. This is possible thanks to the availability of a complex of equipment, which includes the following systems:
- hydraulic;
- mechanical;
- electric.
Various metals are used to create machines. It can be cast iron or steel high strength. The process of creating equipment requires the use of materials that have undergone special processing.
The filler machine is designed to create both through and blind holes. And equipping it with numerical control allows you to significantly speed up the production process without reducing the level of accuracy of the operations performed.
Modern radial drilling machines equipped with numerical control are reliable, ultra-precise, durable, multifunctional equipment.
Advantages of the CNC system
Many machine models have increased the size of the working plate, increased the number of working gears and built-in spindle speeds.
Everything has a huge positive impact on labor productivity, and the CNC unit makes it much easier to control the machine. It is also important how well the cooling system is equipped. For this purpose, the units are equipped with powerful pump motors.
When creating a CNC machine, several schemes were used to ensure effective management and control production process. For example, vertical movement is controlled thanks to the presence of stops and switches, recording a program on punched tape or typing a program on a plug panel.
Today, CNC machines are widely used in production, differing more complex design. Their column is capable of performing a complete rotation around its axis, and the working head is mounted on a traverse that can move vertically.
This proves that modern equipment equipped with numerical control not only simplifies routine operations, but also guarantees a high level of quality of the created parts.
Video: Radial drilling machine
CNC machines, unlike conventional models, are controlled by special program, which contains all the parameters of the processing being performed. Using machines of this type You can process flange, body and flat type parts using a cutting tool for various purposes(drills, reamers, countersinks, etc.). On most machines equipped with a CNC system, it is possible to perform with high precision the entire complex of drilling and milling operations with workpieces of various shapes.
Types of CNC drilling machines
On modern market We offer a wide range of products with CNC control. Thus, today the following are available for purchase in accordance with the needs of a specific production:
- CNC machines for vertical and horizontal drilling groups;
- equipment with one spindle head or a set of them;
- devices on which tools are changed manually, or special tool magazines are used;
- multi-operational CNC, effectively used for complex processing of workpieces with even complex configurations.
The machines that served as the basis for the creation of the 1st generation of CNC equipment were models 2N118, 2N135, as well as a radial drilling machine 2N55. Initially, automation of drilling machines occurred through the installation coordinate tables, which made it possible to automatically position the workpiece relative to the cutting tool along two coordinates. On such drilling machines, processing technology was implemented in a semi-automatic mode, the parameters of which were set using a plug panel or cam mechanisms (workpiece processing depth) by changing operating modes of the cutting tool.
CNC jig drilling machine model 2550OS1000MF4, produced in the 80s of the last century
This generation of automated drilling machines did not suit the manufacturers with their technological capabilities, so the 2nd generation of such equipment appeared, the basis for which was the models 2Р118Ф2, 2Р135Ф2, etc. In the improved machines, not only the movement of the worktable is automated, but also the feeding of the tool. The productivity of such machines is also increased by the fact that they are equipped with an automatic turret head, in which 6 cutting tools can be simultaneously fixed.
Drilling machines equipped with a CNC system are one and a half to two times more productive than manually controlled equipment, and models in which tool changes occur automatically are three to four times more productive.
Advantages of numerically controlled drilling machines
Due to the versatility of drilling machines equipped with a CNC system, they can be classified in the same category as boring, as well as jig boring and cantileverless milling equipment with a vertical layout of the working head. Since such machines are necessary to perform various technological operations, their design is carried out with higher rigidity, as well as the accuracy of the layout of all constituent elements. In most machines belonging to this category, the positioning accuracy of moving structural elements is ±0.025–0.05 mm.
On less universal models of CNC drilling machines, positional control systems are used, and on equipment that is used to perform not only drilling, but also milling technological operations, control systems are used combined type– positional and rectangular. CNC equipment belonging to the vertical drilling category is equipped with a cross-type work table.
Manufacturers today present CNC drilling equipment in several categories:
- vertical drilling machines with one supporting column and a cross table (on machines of this type it is possible to produce holes with a diameter of 18–50 mm (2N135F2));
- single-column drilling machines of vertical type, equipped with a cross table and a turret working head (2Р135Ф2);
- vertical layout machines with a cross table and a tool magazine;
- portal-type drilling machines, produced in all of the above modifications (2306PF2) (on machines of this type, holes can be formed with a diameter of up to 60 mm; jig drilling machines also belong to this category).
A separate category consists of CNC-equipped filler drilling machines, which are used for furniture production.
Design features of CNC drilling machines
For smooth and precise movement of the coordinate tables, which are equipped with drilling equipment with program control, they are mounted on rolling supports, and their movement in two directions horizontally is ensured by the connection “screw - rolling nut”. The drive design of such tables includes a stepper motor and a hydraulic booster.
The kinematic diagram of the main drive of CNC drilling equipment is based on a one- or two-speed electric motor and a gearbox for switching rotation speeds of the spindle assembly.
Control of the vertical movement of the working head (Z axis) can be implemented according to several schemes:
- through the use of stops and microswitches;
- using a set of programs on a special plug panel;
- a set of programs on punched tape.
To expand the functionality of drilling equipment with program control and increase the efficiency of its use, various accessories can be used in its equipment.
Cutmaster offers a great value for money on a CNC drilling machine that can easily handle the tasks of drilling a variety of mounting holes, knocking out grooves, and light milling. The moving elements of the equipment are controlled by a program, which ensures high-precision and fast processing of any parts. When working with cabinet blanks, this technique greatly simplifies and speeds up all processes.
Types of CNC drilling machines for metal
Our company's catalog contains a large the lineup equipment, the extensive functionality of which is ensured through the use of various devices– in particular, mounted jigs, inclined, rotary or pendulum work tables, turrets, quick-release and thread-cutting chucks. Thanks to this, clients can choose best option CNC drilling machine, taking into account the needs of a specific production process.
Machine types:
multi-operational (suitable for workpieces of all configurations);
with one or a set of spindle heads;
horizontal and vertical drilling group;
with manual tool change.
When purchasing a CNC drilling machine from Cutmaster, customers receive a long warranty. Thanks to many years of experience in the special equipment market, we can offer the most effective and reliable solutions for any enterprise, and all this at the lowest prices.
All equipment has certificates. Our specialized technical department is responsible for equipment quality control. Consultants are always happy to help with the selection optimal model CNC drilling machine. You can also contact us to order components, carry out scheduled and emergency repairs. Call us or leave a request on the website.
Information about the manufacturer of the vertical drilling machine 2Р135Ф2
Manufacturer of drilling machines models 2Р135Ф2, 2Р118Ф2, 2Н125, 2Н135, 2Н150, 2Г175 - Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant, founded in 1941.
The history of the Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant begins on July 3, 1941, when the evacuation of the Odessa Machine Tool Plant to the city of Sterlitamak began.
Already on October 11, 1941, the Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant began producing special modular machines for the defense industry.
Currently, the plant produces metalworking equipment, including drilling and honing machines, lathes and milling machines CNC, multifunctional machining centers, metalworking and cutting tools.
2Р135Ф2 vertical drilling machine with CNC. Purpose and scope
Vertical drilling machine with six-spindle turret, cross table and computer numerical control (CNC) designed for drilling, reaming, countersinking, reaming, threading and milling in small-scale and mass production various industries industry.
Drilling machine 2R135F2 is used when processing body parts and parts such as “flange”, “cover”, “plate”, “lever”, “bracket”.
The electrical circuit and CNC make it possible to carry out the following technological operations on the machine:
- Drilling;
- End trimming (countering);
- Boring;
- Threading;
- Deep drilling;
- Milling.
Operating principle and design features of the machine
The presence on the machine of a six-spindle turret for automatic tool change, a cross table with program control allows for coordinate processing of parts such as covers, flanges, panels without preliminary marking and the use of jigs.
The 2R135F2 vertical drilling machine has large ranges of spindle speed and feed rates, which fully ensure the choice of standard cutting modes when processing various structural materials.
Machines provide precision center distances machined holes up to 0.10-0.15 mm and can work in an automatic cycle (in this mode, multi-operational processing of parts with a large number holes).
Design of the machine 2Р135Ф2. A column is mounted on the base of the machine, along the rectangular vertical guides of which the spindle head (support) carrying the turret moves. The gearbox and feed reducer are rigidly mounted on the column. The cross table has a base along which the slides carrying the table itself move in the transverse direction. The latter, in turn, can move in the longitudinal direction along the slide guides. The movement of the slide and table is carried out from the gearboxes.
Numerical control system. The machine model 2Р135Ф2 is equipped with a numerical control device " Coordinate C70-3", machine model 2Р135Ф2-1 with CNC device 2P32-3, which ensure simultaneous movement of the table along the X and Y axes when positioning the movement control along the axis (from the coordinate), makes it possible to control the rotation of the turret, select the value of the working feed and spindle speed. The device has a digital display and allows for input of corrections for tool length.
Positional rectangular system The CNC is closed; code converters are used as measuring control. The positioning accuracy of the table and support is 0.05 mm, the discreteness of programming and digital display is 0.05 mm. Number of controlled coordinates: total - three; at the same time - two.
The design organization is the Experimental Research Institute of Metal-Cutting Machine Tools (ENIMS) and the Sterlitamak Machine Tool Plant named after. V.I. Lenin.
The machine was accepted for serial production in 1979.
dimensions working space of the machine 2р135ф2
Photo of a CNC vertical drilling machine 2р135ф2
Location of the main parts of the drilling machine 2Р135Ф2
Location of the main components of the 2р135ф2 machine
Designation of the main parts of the drilling machine 2Р135Ф2
- Machine base
- Table slide
- Turret
- Spindle head (caliper)
- Gearbox
- Feed reducer
- Control pendant
- Cabinet with electrical control equipment
- Cabinet with CNC equipment
- Column
- Cross table
On the base (bed) 1 of the machine there are slides 2 of the cross table, which has telescopic protection for the guides. A spindle head moves along the vertical guides of the column, on which a six-spindle turret head is mounted, allowing automatic tool change according to a control program. To speed up manual tool replacement, a special pressing device is provided in the turret. The machine can be controlled from a pendant control panel.
Movements in the machine
- The main movement is the rotation of the spindle with the tool
- Movement along the machine axes:
- X-axis - longitudinal feed - longitudinal movement of the table along the slide guides
- Y axis - cross feed - lateral movement slide along the bed guides
- Z axis - vertical feed - vertical movement of the spindle head (support) along the rack guides
- Auxiliary movements - accelerated movement of the caliper, periodic rotation of the turret, precise and accelerated movements of the table and slide (positioning movement).
To control table movements (X and Y coordinates) from a program recorded on punched tape, the machines are equipped various devices CNC (one of the most common is CNC “Coordinate S-70”). Feed along the Z coordinate is carried out in cyclic control mode. For coordinate movements of the table, manual data entry on the CNC console can also be used. The presence of a digital display allows you to visually monitor the position of the table, as well as monitor the correctness of the program recording on punched tape.
The machines provide feedback on the position of the working bodies on each of the two movements controlled by the punched tape. Circular electrical contact code converters are used as feedback sensors. Movements of the turret head during fast and working strokes in both directions are limited by adjustable cams acting on switches (electric stops).
Kinematic diagram of the drilling machine 2Р135Ф2-1
Kinematic diagram of the drilling machine 2р135ф2-1 with CNC 2П32-3
The kinematic diagram of the machine (Fig. 4.6) consists of the following independent kinematic chains: main movement drive (rotation of the turret spindles); cross table feed drive; caliper drive with turret head; turning the turret head; pressing tools out of spindles.
Main movement chain
Main movement chain: two-speed asynchronous electric motor M1 (N=4/4.5 kW; n = 1470/990 rpm) - gear transmission 29/41-shaft I - shaft II (through gears 24/48 and 36/36 with clutches M1 and M2 engaged or through gear 14/36 with the M3 clutch engaged) -shaft III (via gears 14/36 and 48/24 with the M4 and M5 clutches engaged) -shaft V through a bevel gear 21/21 - to one of the turret spindles through gears 35/ 42; 31/49; 49/47; 47/35.
Cross table feed drive chain
The feed drive chain of the cross table has two gearboxes, one of which moves the table along the slide (X-axis), and the second drives the movement of the slide along the frame (Y-axis).
Kinematic chain of the slide drive
The kinematic chain of the slide drive ensures their fast, medium and slow movements. Fast movement (at a speed of 7000 mm/min): electric motor M4 (N=0.6 kW; p=1380 rpm) - gears 16/40; 34/22; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw.
Moving with average speed(200 mm/min): M4 electric motor - 16/64 gears; 25/55; 25/55; 38/42; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw. Slow movement (speed 50 mm/min): M4 electric motor - 16/64 gears; 25/55; 25/55; 16/64; 22/52; 52/34 - ball screw. A feedback sensor is mounted on the ball screw.
The table moves along the slide from the M5 electric motor (N = 0.6 kW; n = 1380 rpm); the kinematic chain of the drive of this movement is similar to the kinematic chain of the drive of the slide movement.
Turret Caliper Drive Chain
Turret caliper drive chain: M2 electric motor direct current(N = l.3 kW; n = 50..2600 rpm) - gear 13/86 (or gear 37/37 - worm gear 4/25 - lead screw, equipped with a brake clutch (preventing arbitrary lowering of the caliper when the electric motor is turned off) and a remote control feedback sensor.
Turret rotation drive chain
Turret head rotation drive chain: M3 electric motor (N=0.7/0.9 kW; n= 1400..2700 rpm) - 23/57 gear - 1/28 worm gear - 16/58 gear - turret body .
Pressing tools out of spindles
Pressing tools out of spindles: M3 electric motor - 18/52 gear (with the clutch engaged) - 1/28 worm gear - 21/21 gear - eccentric mounted in the groove of the turret head rotation axis and pressing tool.
Lubricating the turret support
Lubrication of the turret head support is carried out forcibly according to the following scheme: MZ electric motor - 18/52 gears; 52/75 - EZ eccentric, driving the plunger pump.
Gearbox lubrication
The gearbox is lubricated by a gear pump driven by the gearbox electric motor through V-belt. The oil supplied by the pump enters the distribution chamber, where it is distributed to lubricate all moving parts of the gearbox and electromagnetic clutches, and then drained into the reservoir. The oil level is controlled by an oil indicator.
Lubrication of caliper feed gearboxes and cross table
Lubrication of the caliper feed gearboxes and the cross table is carried out by spraying oil onto the gears. The oil level is monitored visually using oil indicators.
Lubricating the guides and screw pairs of the cross table
The guides and screw pairs of the cross table are lubricated manually using a lubricator. The bearings of the turret spindles are lubricated with grease.
Coolant supply
The coolant is supplied from a centrifugal pump. To cool the tool in the cutting zone, an individual drive is provided, which allows you to direct a stream of coolant to the desired location. The supply of coolant in the automatic cycle begins when the caliper moves down (the beginning of the working feed) and stops when the caliper begins to return to its original position (in this case, the corresponding toggle switch must be turned on on the control panel).
Electrical equipment of the machine
The electrical equipment of the machine consists of a separate cabinet of relay automation and CNC, as well as elements installed directly on the machine. Electrical connections between the machine components and the CNC are made of bundles in metal hoses ending with connectors.
Electrical diagram The machine provides the following operating modes:
- commissioning;
- semi-automatic with task input from CNC switches;
- semi-automatic with task input from punched tape;
- automatic with task input from punched tape.
The mode is selected using switches located on the control panels of the machine and the CNC.
Setting up the machine
Regardless of the position of the operating mode switch on the CNC console, the adjustment mode is turned on by switch 23 located on the machine control panel (Fig. 4.7). In the adjustment mode, carried out by means of controls located on the machine console, the following is performed: turning the turret to a given position; pressing out the tool; turning spindle rotation on and off; moving the table along the X and Y axes in accordance with the selected speed and direction; moving the turret support along the Z axis in accordance with the task.
Setting the working parts of the machine to the zero position
The working parts of the machine are set to the zero position automatically before the “Program Entry” command. When button 15 is pressed, the turret support quickly rises until the limit switch is activated along the Z coordinate. The table moves until the limit switches are activated along the X and Y coordinates, and at the same time commands are sent to the CNC about the initial position of the working parts. The installation cycle is complete.
Rotating the turret
To select the position of the turret head, switch 24 is set to the desired position. By pressing button 6, the cycle of turning the turret head to the position specified by switch 24 begins. When you press button 6 and there is no task, the head moves non-stop.
Turning on the spindle in the “Setup” mode
The spindle is turned on in the “Adjustment” mode for all operations (except for thread cutting) with button 21, and turned off with button 22 (when threading, buttons 21 and 22 do not work). The spindle rotation speed is set by switch 27.
Movement of working bodies along the X, Y, Z axes
Movement of working bodies along the X, Y, Z axes. The selection of the working axis is made by switch 4.
The selection of fast, medium or slow movement is made by switch 7, and the selection of the direction of movement is made by switch 5.
Setting the program start in the XY plane
To adjust the start of the program in the XY plane, catchers or center finders are used. In manual mode, the spindle axis is aligned with the beginning of the program, and the zero offset values along the X and Y axes are entered on the CNC control panel, which give zero readings on the digital display.
The machine is adjusted along the Z axis after installing the cutting tool in the turret spindle. In the initial position of the caliper, check that the turret head does not touch the device with the workpiece clamped in it when rotating.
Installation drawing of drilling machine 2р135ф2
Technical characteristics of the machine 2Р135Ф2
| Parameter name | 2Р135Ф2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Basic machine parameters | ||
| The largest drilling diameter in steel is 45, mm | 35 | |
| The largest diameter of cut threads in steel is 45, mm | M24 | |
| The smallest and largest distance from the end of the spindle to the table surface, mm | 40..600 | |
| Distance from the axis of the vertical spindle to the rack guides (overhang), mm | 450 | |
| Largest cutter diameter, mm | 100 | |
| Maximum milling depth, mm | 2 | |
| Maximum milling width, mm | 60 | |
| Longitudinal movement of the table along the slide guides (X-Axis), mm | 630 | |
| Transverse movement of the slide along the bed guides according to the program (Y-Axis), mm | 360 | |
| Maximum movement of the spindle head according to the program (Z axis), mm | 560 | |
| Caliper. Spindle head. Spindle | ||
| Spindle speed, rpm | 45..2000 31..1400 | |
| Number of spindle speeds | 12 | |
| Speed of rapid movement of the support (spindle head), m/min | 4 | |
| Number of caliper feeds along the Z axis, mm | 18 | |
| Caliper feed, mm | 10..500 | |
| Maximum permissible torque, Nm | 200 | |
| Spindle taper | ||
| Desktop | ||
| Dimensions of the working surface of the table, mm | 400 x 710 | |
| Number of T-slots Dimensions of T-slots | 3 | |
| Speed of rapid movement of the table and slide, m/min | 7 | |
| Feed speed of table and slide during milling, m/min | 0,22 | |
| Minimum table movement speed, m/min | 0,05 | |
| Positioning accuracy of the table and slide along the stroke length, mm | 0,05 | |
| CNC system 2P32-3 | ||
| Number of controlled coordinates | 3 | |
| Number of simultaneously controlled coordinates | 2 | |
| Discreteness of setting the movement of the table, slide and support, mm | 0,01 | |
| Electrical equipment, drive | ||
| Main motion drive electric motor, kW | 3,7 | |
| Electric motor for driving the spindle head (support), kW | 1,3 | |
| Electric motor for moving the slide and table, kW | 1,1 | |
| Electric motor for driving the turret head, kW | 0,75 | |
| Electric coolant pump X14-22M, kW | 0,125 | |
| Machine dimensions | ||
| Machine dimensions, mm | 1800 x 2170 x 2700 | |
| Machine weight, kg | 5390 |
- Grachev L.N. Design and adjustment of computer-controlled machines and robotic complexes, 1986, p. 122
- Panov F.S. Working on CNC machines, 1984, p.163
- Loskutov V.V. Drilling and boring machines, 1981, p. 130
- Vinnikov I.Z., Frenkel M.I. Driller, 1971
- Vinnikov I.Z. Drilling machines and work on them, 1988
- Sysoev V.I. The Young Driller's Handbook, 1962