Pipeline for technological and network purposes. Thermal insulation materials for pipes Outdoor pipeline insulation
Climatic features Russia is such that it often has to spend a lot of money on heating buildings and maintaining heat in them. The Russian economy is developing today in the direction of saving fuel and energy resources. One of good options solutions to the problem of heat conservation - thermal insulation of pipelines.
It consists in separating one heat-conducting material from the others. Pipe insulation helps to effectively maintain the temperature of the energy carrier and prevents freezing of cold pipelines. For this purpose, materials that block heat conduction are used. When choosing the optimal insulating materials, the following parameters must be taken into account:
- density;
- compressibility;
- thermal conductivity;
- vapor tightness;
- non-flammability;
- water repellency;
- water absorption properties;
- soundproofing characteristics.
Pipe insulation - benefits of use
When performing thermal insulation of tanks or pipelines, the main task is pursued: reliable and long-term protection of the insulated surfaces. However, requirements for thermal insulation materials may vary depending on operating conditions.
Thermal insulation of pipelines for cold water supply, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment is carried out in order to prevent freezing of pipes and the formation of condensation, and the occurrence of corrosion. If work is carried out with hot pipelines, the tasks are set differently: to reduce heat loss and make the heating system economical. In addition, pipe insulation serves to dampen unwanted noise effects that inevitably arise in cases of pressure drop inside the pipes.
Insulation methods
Mineral wool cylinders and mats are used for thermal insulation of tanks and pipelines.
TECHNONICOL cylinders made from stone wool, allow for effective thermal insulation pipelines. Among other advantages, insulating pipes using this method is convenient and easy to install. To insulate pipelines, TECHNONICOL lamella mat, TECHNONICOL piercing mat, and TECHNONICOL cylinder can be used. To achieve a higher level of thermal insulation, the mats are covered with aluminum foil. For their fastening, wire is successfully used, aluminum tape, mounting clamps.
TECHNONICOL lamella mat is used for thermal insulation of pipelines of different diameters, heat and vapor barrier of air ducts, used at temperatures of insulated surfaces up to 250 degrees. It is made from strips of mineral fibers that are glued to reinforced foil. The lamella mat has high compressive strength and low deformation during installation.
TECHNONICOL stitching mat is used for insulating ventilation ducts and pipelines. It is a non-flammable heat and sound insulating material made from mineral wool. Sometimes TECHNONICOL stitching mat is made with a lining of fiberglass or aluminum foil. The rigidity of the insulation is provided by galvanized steel mesh, which is sewn to the mat with steel wire.
The TECHNONICOL cylinder is used for insulating industrial pipes at facilities in various sectors of the economy. In order to save energy, the most effective way is to reduce heat loss by insulating tanks and pipelines.
In order to save energy, the most effective way is to reduce heat loss by insulating tanks and pipelines.
Thermal insulation of heating pipes performs a number of functions. It reduces heat loss along the path of the coolant and increases the efficiency of the heating system. Insulation protects metal structures from condensation and slows down the corrosion process. If liquid stagnates in the pipes, it does not freeze and does not damage the collectors. This article will tell you what materials are used for thermal protection and how they are installed.
Materials for thermal insulation of heating pipes
Choosing insulation is a task in which the following factors are taken into account:
- maximum coolant temperature;
- heating system maintenance conditions;
- pipe diameter
Depending on the capacity of the pipeline, the following types of thermal insulation are used:
- finished cylinders;
- half-cylinders, when the cylinder is made up of two halves;
- roll materials that can be given the desired shape.
For small diameter pipelines, rigid elements in the form of cylinders and half-cylinders are suitable. They are equipped with grooves and holes, the presence of which simplifies and speeds up the process of installing the protective shell. Such thermal insulation for heating pipes protects collectors from mechanical damage, helps to withstand high temperatures and minimally absorbs moisture.
Mineral wool
Mineral wool has not lost popularity for decades. The reason lies in the proven results of their use and affordable cost. The materials are used for insulation of heating systems of industrial and civil buildings. Traditionally, it is used where structures are constantly exposed to temperature changes, for example, to insulate stove chimneys.
In construction, insulation is valued for the following properties:
- resistance to acids, alkalis and solutions;
- weak water absorption (depends on the treatment of the material with special compounds);
- the material can withstand temperatures up to 600°C without losing its mechanical and thermal insulation properties;
- safety for the environment.
Of all mineral insulation the following stand out:
- basalt wool (made from basalt rocks);
- glass wool (made from broken glass or staple fiber, a derivative of quartz sand).
The thermal resistance threshold of basalt wool is higher. Therefore, its scope of application is wider than that of fiberglass, which is used in the construction of residential buildings. Fiberglass is supplied to the retail chain in rolls with a sheet thickness of 15-20 cm. The material consists of fibers 3-4 microns thick. Insulation is used to insulate structures whose temperature does not exceed 1800 °C. It is not destroyed by vibration, is resistant to chemical processes and has a long service life. This material protects heating mains located on the surface of the earth.
Note! Fiberglass is dangerous for those who work with it, since the dust irritates the mucous membrane of the eyes and skin. Therefore, when installing such thermal insulation for heating pipes, be sure to use special means protection.
Polyurethane foam
This heat insulator is superior to insulation made from mineral wool. It is distinguished by its dense, rigid shape, which is why it received the name “shell”. It is manufactured using the “pipe-in-pipe” method, when the space located between two cylinders is filled with a pre-polymer substance. It forms a protective “shell”.
Polyurethane foam, familiar to many as polyurethane foam (used to blow in cracks in window frames), has the following advantages:
- does not emit toxic substances and does not smell;
- does not disintegrate or rot under the influence of external factors;
- does not pose a danger to human health;
- does not decompose in alkaline and acidic environments;
- does not respond to changes in humidity and temperature fluctuations;
- is not destroyed by influence sun rays, since the material is covered with protective paint during installation.
The only disadvantage of the polymer is the cost.
Foamed polyethylene
Another synthetic material is polyethylene foam. It also does not pose a danger to the human body and the surrounding nature; it tolerates sharp fluctuations in external temperature and air humidity without loss.
For ease of installation, the insulation is made in the form of tubes with a notch. Cold and hot pipelines are insulated with polyethylene. Since such heat protection does not tolerate high temperatures, it cannot be used for thermal insulation of heating pipes on the street. The use of such insulating material is limited to residential buildings only.
This material needs no introduction. It has long been used for various purposes and is characterized by low thermal conductivity and water-repellent properties. The reasonable price of the insulation explains its popularity. They insulate metal and plastic structures and use them as sound insulation.
The liquid type of polystyrene foam "penoizol" is used for thermal insulation of heating mains. When applying the material to the pipes, no voids or gaps appear, and after drying, a solid crust is formed.
Foam glass
Insulation is one of the latest innovations in building materials. Glass with a cellular structure reliably protects pipes and other structures. The material has the following advantages:
- environmentally friendly;
- resistant to acids and alkalis;
- non-flammable;
- does not shrink;
- not of interest to rodents;
- not difficult to install;
- has a long service life.
Such characteristics did not go unnoticed by experienced builders and novice installers. Therefore, they turn to him more and more often.
DIY pipe insulation
Thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes is carried out along the entire length of the heating main. For this purpose, ready-made protective elements with layers of waterproofing and insulation are used. Their considerable cost is compensated by significant time savings during installation of insulation. This is especially noticeable when work is carried out on long highways. In this case, it is enough just to make reliable insulation of the joints.
If you use other materials and do the work yourself, you will need:
- foil tape;
- selected insulation;
- tape for insulating the joints of elements.
Having prepared everything you need, get to work.
- Apply foil tape to the pipes, moving forward in a spiral.
- Secure or install insulating material. Make sure that the connecting seams are tightly adjacent to each other.
- To prevent groundwater from penetrating into the seams, secure the joints using special plumbing tape.
Note! Where seasonal temperatures are very low, it is advisable to use an insulation method using a special cable to heat the pipes.
What materials are used to insulate heating pipes? Portal about pipes
Thermal insulation of heating pipes performs a number of functions. It reduces heat loss along the path of the coolant and increases the efficiency of the heating system. Insulation
Which thermal insulation for heating pipes is most effective?
The basis of any heating system is heating pipes. To ensure that pipes do not freeze during the autumn-spring period of the year, condensation or corrosion does not appear on them, and when the system is idle, the transferred water does not turn into ice, thermal insulation is used for heating pipes. This article will talk about the types of insulating materials and how to use them.
Material selection
In areas with a predominantly cold climate, thermal insulation for pipes is a necessary condition for the functioning of heating systems of any type - central or domestic.
When choosing a material for insulating heating pipes, the following initial data should be taken into account:
- pipe section;
- conditions in which the heating system operates;
- temperature of the transported coolant.
The cross-section of the pipe determines what form of heat-insulating material should be purchased - in a roll or in the form of half-cylinders, cylinders of available sizes.
For example, if you need to insulate small-diameter pipes, it is better to use thermal insulation materials for heating pipelines of cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape. Such products, in addition, due to their rigidity and elasticity, serve to protect the system from mechanical damage, and also have water-repellent properties. In case of large diameters, you will have to use roll insulation.
To choose the right thermal insulation, it is necessary to consider the main types of products used.
Types of thermal insulation for pipes
Mineral wool
Mineral wool for pipelines is one of the most popular insulating materials. This insulation is recommended for insulation of systems central heating and supplies hot water laid in residential buildings or buildings industrial enterprises. Another way to use the material is to protect pipes with constant heating, for example, stove chimneys.
There are two types of mineral wool:
- Stone wool is made from basalt rocks.
- Glass wool (glass fiber) - produced from broken glass or staple fiber, the basis of which is quartz sand.
The main advantages of stone wool:
- heat resistance (up to 650°C) while maintaining mechanical properties;
- resistance to solvents (alkalies, acids, oil solutions, etc.);
- with special impregnation, you can make the cotton wool moisture resistant;
- environmentally friendly, non-toxic material.
Glass wool is less heat-resistant, therefore its scope of application is narrower. It is produced in rolls 1.55-2 m long.
- operating temperature of protected pipes – up to 180°C;
- vibration resistance;
- chemically neutral, does not interact with chemical and biological substances;
- When installed correctly and under operating conditions, it retains its properties for a long time.
Polyurethane foam
This thermal insulator has a rigid shape with edges and walls. Finished products are obtained using the “pipe-in-pipe” casting method. Due to the above properties, the material is often called shell.
Polyurethane foam has maximum strength and effectively reduces heat transfer.
Technological characteristics of polyurethane foam:
- non-toxic, odorless;
- resistance to oxidation (does not rot);
- unsurpassed strength - serves not only as a thermal insulation element, but also as mechanical protection of pipes;
- does not conduct electric current;
- chemically resistant - does not interact with acids, alkalis, etc.;
- Suitable for any climate and all weather conditions.
The main disadvantage of the product is the high price: polyurethane foam insulation is more expensive than others.
Polyethylene foam
This type of thermal insulation is produced in the form of hollow cylinders for different outer diameters of pipes. The usual length of the cylinder is 2 m, variations are possible.
Foamed polyethylene can be used to insulate heating pipes, hot and cold water pipes.
Advantages of foamed polyethylene:
- environmentally friendly material, safe for humans;
- moisture resistance;
- good thermal insulation, resistance to temperature changes;
- elasticity combined with flexibility allows the material to be used both as insulation and as mechanical protection of the pipeline;
- ease of use - can be put on the pipe entirely or by cutting the cylinder;
- retains properties when adjacent to lime, concrete and other materials.
Other foam insulation
In addition to foamed polyethylene, the following are used for thermal insulation:
- expanded polystyrene - supplied in the form of halves connected by a protrusion into a groove;
- polystyrene foam – has good hydro-, thermal and sound insulation, is resistant to fire, correct operation service life exceeds 50 years; besides, it is cheap;
- penoizol - sold in liquid form, when applied to the surface it foams, leaving no gaps;
- foam glass - glass with a cellular structure, safe, does not shrink, non-flammable, durable, chemically neutral, resistant to rodents.
Thermal insulating paint
Thermal insulating paint for heating pipes is a new material developed in Russia.
The paint contains:
- foam glass;
- ceramic microspheres;
- perlite;
- other heat-insulating substances.
Applying a 2mm thick layer of paint is equivalent to wrapping the pipe in several layers of mineral wool or polystyrene foam.
- non-toxic, safe for health;
- has no smell;
- protects pipes from corrosion;
- withstands heating to high temperatures;
- can be used in both domestic and industrial heating systems.
This paint is produced in aerosol form, which allows the material to be applied to hard-to-reach areas of the pipeline.
Installing thermal insulation on a pipeline
Before you start directly installing the insulation, you need to go through several preparatory stages.
First, you should choose the insulation material. At this point, you can be guided by both the expected operating conditions (operating temperature, the possibility of mechanical deformation, the presence of rodents) and the diameter of the pipes (obviously, for small diameters, hollow cylinders, for example, made of foamed polyethylene, are ideal, and large diameter pipes are easier to wrap with glass wool ).
Another important factor is the price of the product. Of course, if the costs of the work are not limited, you can choose a modern material with higher characteristics; however, traditional types of thermal insulation have not lost their relevance.
In addition, if the work will be carried out in hard to reach places, it is more logical to use easily applied materials - thermal insulating paint or penoizol.
Secondly, you need to free up access to the pipes being insulated as much as possible in advance, trying to remove all obstacles. As a result, this will significantly speed up work and prevent possible injuries or damage to consumables, which means unnecessary expenses.
After the preparatory steps, the actual fixation of the material on the pipe is carried out.
The operating procedure is as follows:
- Before applying insulation, the pipes are covered in a spiral with foil tape.
- The insulation is wrapped around the pipe or otherwise applied or secured to the surface. Regardless of the application method, the work should be done conscientiously, avoiding leaving open areas that will later become “cold bridges.”
- After fixing the insulating material to the surface of the pipe, it is additionally fixed with tape (for example, plumbing tape), wrapping it in several layers. Winding should also be done as carefully as possible and with a certain force.
If the work is done carefully and no gross mistakes are made, the thermal insulation, regardless of the material chosen, will serve for a long time and properly.
Thermal insulation for heating pipes: insulation and thermal insulation, thermal insulation materials for pipelines, paint, mineral wool
Thermal insulation for heating pipes: insulation and thermal insulation, thermal insulation materials for pipelines, paint, mineral wool
How to insulate heating pipes with your own hands - selection and installation of pipe insulation
Heat loss in the pipeline is the main problem of both autonomous and central heating system lines. And if the reduction of heat loss within the region is entrusted to public utilities, then the owner of a private house needs to take care of the insulation of heating pipes himself, and due to the insignificant amount of work, do it himself.
Is it necessary to insulate heating pipes and what benefits does it give?
Thermal insulation for heating pipes allows:
- reduce heat loss in places where pipes pass along the ground, are mounted by air (ground) or are located in an unheated room;
- prevent freezing of the liquid, which is the coolant (freezing is fraught with a pipe break);
- reducing the likelihood of corrosion on the surface of the pipe (for metal pipelines);
- saving money on heating your home.
Thus, the more reliably the heating system is insulated, the more heat will go to the user (the higher the efficiency), and the less you will have to pay for gas for heating (or for electricity, if an electric boiler).
Due to the fact that the coolant moves through the heating system, the task of pipe insulation is reduced to minimizing heat loss and preventing rupture of the system due to freezing.
A popular solution in this case is the use of thermal insulation materials. This is the most cost-effective and easiest insulation method from the point of view of independent implementation.
Thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes
A variety of insulation materials makes it possible to choose exactly the one that is best suited for a specific location of application (outdoors, in the ground, in the basement, in the attic) and budget.
The selection of a heat insulator is carried out taking into account the following factors:
- heating system pipe diameter;
- operating conditions (location of the heating system);
- average heating temperature of the coolant;
- thermal conductivity indicator of insulation (the lower, the better);
- water absorption rate. Shows the ability of the insulating material to perform its functions in a humid environment;
- resistance to combustion, biological and chemical activity, ultraviolet radiation and other environmental factors;
- life time;
- ease of installation (provided that sufficient tightness is ensured);
- price.
How to insulate outdoor heating pipes with your own hands
To choose the right pipe insulation, you need to know what types of thermal insulation for heating pipes exist, and what are the features of each of them.
Classification of thermal insulation materials for heating pipes
1. According to installation method:
- rigid sheet insulation. These include: polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam. Despite the high thermal insulation properties, the installation of such insulation is quite complicated from the point of view of ensuring the tightness of the insulation;
- roll insulation. These include: polyethylene (used as an additional component of insulation), foil penofol, wool (mineral and glass wool). The use of rolled materials requires the arrangement of their reliable fastening to the pipe;
- segmental (casing) insulation. There are two types of such insulation: hard - shells made of polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam (PPU) or polystyrene foam, and soft - polymer pipes. The advantage of segment materials is that they hold their shape well, are easy to install and provide the required level of tightness between the heat-insulating material and the heating pipe;
- sprayed insulation, incl. thermal paint. Penoizol has proven itself to be an excellent sprayer, as it allows you to insulate even small cracks. Thermal paint has the same property. The only disadvantage of these materials is that they are quite expensive and self-application problematic.
Thermal insulation of heating pipes with hard, soft and sprayed insulation
2. By type of insulation:
- polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam. They have the best characteristics in terms of maintaining the original temperature of the coolant. Their use in the form of a shell simplifies installation and provides reliable protection of the system;
Thermal insulation for heating pipes - foam shell 
Thermal insulation material for heating pipes - polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam
- wool (mineral, glass wool). Can be used as a roll or sectional material. Regardless of the type and configuration, cotton insulation for heating pipes has significant drawback, which lies in the fact that cotton wool is hygroscopic. Those. it needs additional protection from moisture. When wet, cotton wool loses its properties. Therefore, sections often have additional protection in the form of a foil layer. But cotton wool is great for insulating pipes in the basement or attic.
Thermal insulation for heating pipes – mineral wool casing 
Thermal insulation for heating pipes – shell made of foil-coated basalt wool
- foil penofol. Due to its small thickness, it is used primarily for insulating pipes indoors.
Thermal insulation for heating pipes – foil penofol 
Insulation of heating pipes with penofol
- polyethylene foam– (EPE, PPE) polyethylene foam for pipes.
Thermal insulation for heating pipes – polyethylene foam (PPE) 
Insulation for heating pipes – polyethylene foam pipe
Heating pipe insulation technology
The choice of pipe thermal insulation and the method of its installation are influenced by the location of the pipeline.
Insulation of heating pipes on the street
External thermal insulation of pipes is the most difficult method of insulation, since in the open air it is not only the pipes that need protection, but also the insulation itself. For outdoor installation, non-hygroscopic materials or other materials are used, but reliably protected from moisture by a film or casing.
In addition, it is advisable to use the densest and thickest insulation outdoors. Another requirement is the use of a material that is resistant to ultraviolet radiation, bad weather and mechanical damage.
Insulation of heating pipes in an unheated room
Basement, cold attic, boiler room - a feature of such rooms is the absence of heating radiators. But since the pipes are filled with coolant and are located in an environment with minimal humidity, there is no special requirements neither to the thermal insulation material nor to its thickness.
Thermal insulation of heating pipes in an unheated (cold) room
Insulation of heating pipes underground
The specificity of installing heating pipes underground is that they must be laid below the freezing level of the soil, which is a depth of one and a half to two meters. If you do not adhere to this requirement, the coolant will cool greatly while it passes through the heating main located in the ground. In order to reduce heat loss, you need to take care of high-quality insulation of the underground pipeline.
Experts say that the optimal solution in this case would be to use a cable pipe heating system. But due to the high cost, users prefer enhanced thermal insulation of heating pipes.
Good insulation of underground heating pipes requires the following requirements:
- insulation of insulation from moisture in the soil;
- eliminating the possibility of deformation of the insulation, because in this case, its properties are reduced. This is especially true for soft thermal insulation materials;
According to reviews, the optimal solution is thermal insulation of heating pipes using polyurethane foam shells.
Note. Users recommend using a combined insulation system for pipes that are laid above the ground freezing level, namely: a combination of cotton wool and a hard polyurethane foam shell with a protective fiberglass coating. Ideally, even at the installation stage, use factory-made multilayer pipes in polyurethane foam insulation.
How to insulate heating pipes with your own hands
Sequence of actions in the form of step-by-step instructions:
- calculation and purchase of thermal insulation material;
- wrapping the pipe with foil tape or foil. The foil acts as a heat reflector;
- installing insulation around the pipe. Sectional hard (casing) or soft insulation is simply “put on” the pipe. As for soft materials, they need to be cut into pieces equal in width to the diameter of the pipe. Next, wrap it around the pipe and secure it with tape, wire or plastic clamps. Hard insulation is the hardest part. From it you need to create a box around the pipe (or use pipe shells of the appropriate diameter);
- inspect the insulated pipe for the presence of “cold bridges” and eliminate them;
- secure the heat-insulating material to the pipe using plumbing or metallized tape;
- if necessary, cover the heat-insulating material with protective material (film) and seal the joints with tape.
The costs of insulating heating pipes, despite their initial value, are quickly recouped by saving on bills for heating the house.
Insulation of heating pipes - thermal insulation for heating pipes
Thermal insulation for heating pipes in the open air - insulation of the pipeline of the heating system of a house on the street, in the ground, in the basement, in the attic. Types of thermal insulation material, installation methods
Thermal insulation for water supply and heating pipes
Thermal insulation for pipes is used primarily to reduce heat loss in heating systems, which is inevitable after the onset of cold weather. Typically, such thermal insulation is necessary not only to maintain the required temperature in the heating main, but also to prevent the accumulation of condensate on the walls of the pipes and the insulating material itself, freezing of the working fluid during stagnation, and also to slow down the rusting process of iron elements. Thanks to all this, the service life of the system itself increases.
How to choose insulation material for pipes
Due to the peculiarities of the domestic climate, high-quality thermal insulation is necessary not only for centralized heating mains, but also for individual networks. There are a number of factors on which the choice of one or another insulation material depends, here they are:
- system operating conditions;
- diameter of the pipeline itself;
- heating temperature of the working fluid.
The key factor in this case can be considered the diameter, since the type of insulation used largely depends on this. Thus, modern manufacturers offer semi-cylindrical, cylindrical and rolled heat insulators.
Thermal insulation for pipes
Note! As for rigid cylinders and semi-cylinders, they are used in pipelines of small diameter. This kind of material is equipped with grooves that simplify the installation procedure.
In addition, segments made of plastic or mineral wool are used for insulation. In general terms, rigid insulation is good because it is not only resistant to elevated temperatures or low moisture absorption rates, but also because it has a permanent, clearly geometric shape, which ensures high-quality protection against mechanical damage.
In order to find out which insulation to purchase, you should familiarize yourself with the key materials and areas of their use.
Prices for thermal insulation for heating pipes
Mineral wool
Materials made from mineral wool are very popular due to their effectiveness. As for the advantages of insulation, they are as follows:
- non-toxic (this is one of the safest building materials);
- fairly high heat resistance (the material can withstand up to 650 degrees); which is typical, when heated it retains its original thermal insulation and mechanical parameters;
- low degree of moisture absorption (during the manufacturing process, mineral wool is treated with special impregnations);
- chemical resistance to acid, solvent liquids, oil-based solutions and alkalis.
This material is an ideal option for insulating hot water and heating supply lines (not only in residential but also in industrial facilities). Mineral wool is often used for thermal insulation of pipes that are subject to regular heating (this could be, for example, a stove chimney).
We also note that mineral wool is produced in several varieties at once; let’s get acquainted with them.
- Stone wool - it is made from rocks, which is why it is also called basalt.
- Glass wool is made from broken glass or staple fiber made from quartz sand. This insulation differs from the one described in that it is not so heat-resistant, and therefore the scope of its use is not so wide.
The approximate cost (with dimensions 30-18 mm) is about 46 rubles per linear meter.
Glass wool
Fiberglass thermal insulation is produced in rolls 155-200 centimeters long (the thickness can vary from 3 to 4 microns). It is characteristic that the material has low density, which means it cannot be used for highways heating above 180 degrees.
This thermal insulation for pipes is suitable for above-ground communications. Among its advantages it is worth highlighting:
- long service life;
- vibration resistance;
- immunity to chemicals and biol. substances.
Average market cost – about 700-800 rubles per package(500x122x10).
Polyurethane foam thermal insulation
Polyurethane foam insulation is a structure with a fairly rigid shape; in fact, it consists of walls and ribs. Let us devote a few words to the production of this material: during its manufacture (if we are talking about industrial scale) the so-called “pipe in pipe” technology is used. This insulation is also called thermal insulating shell. It is not only durable, but also reliably retains thermal energy inside the line.
In addition, polyurethane foam has the following advantages:
- non-toxic;
- ability to withstand various weather conditions (therefore the material is suitable for outdoor use);
- no odor;
- resistance to various kinds chemicals;
- absolute safety for health;
- excellent dielectric properties;
- high strength (the pipeline will be protected from damage caused by external mechanical loads).
As for the disadvantages, the polyurethane foam heat insulator has only one - this is a high price ( approximately 345 rubles per meter).
Foamed polyethylene
Let’s immediately make a reservation that this particular heat insulator has occupied a leading position in the market in recent years; today it is used almost everywhere, not only in heating systems. In fact, this is a ready-made shell, made in the form of a pipe, which “envelops” the highway as much as possible and protects it from various kinds of external influences. Anyone can handle the installation of foamed polyethylene - this does not require any specific skills or knowledge. First, the polyethylene shell is cut along the existing seam (at the end of installation, this seam should be sealed back).
Excellent thermal insulation characteristics are provided by the foam structure of the material. This polyethylene is, in fact, a thermos, because it (the material) can also be used in freezing equipment.
Average market value – from 105 rubles per linear meter.
Other insulation materials
In addition to the insulation described above, other thermal insulation for pipes is also sold on the market. Let's get acquainted with the main varieties.
PPU shell for pipes
Previously, we talked about the technical characteristics and features of polyurethane foam shells for pipes; in addition to this article, we advise you to read this information and read about it here
Option one. Expanded polystyrene
This heat insulator is produced in the form of two halves, which are connected to each other during installation. To do this, the tongue-and-groove technology is used, which eliminates the possibility of cold bridges appearing in the material.
Option two. Foam glass
A completely safe material that consists of glass with a cellular structure. This is a non-shrinking version of insulation, characterized by durability and strength. It does not burn, easily withstands various chemical influences, and is resistant to rodent infestation.
Note! Even a beginner can handle insulating a pipeline with foam glass, and there is still a guarantee of a long service life.
Option three. Penoizol
In terms of its technical characteristics, it vaguely resembles foam plastic, only it is sold in liquid form. During treatment of the lines, no “gaps” remain, and the entire system will be quite airtight after drying.
Option four. Styrofoam
Among the distinctive features of this material are low thermal conductivity, fire resistance, low moisture absorption, heat resistance, long service life (about fifty years) and excellent sound insulation qualities. In view of all this, polystyrene foam is an indispensable heat insulator, which can be used on an industrial scale.
Thermal insulating paint
By the way, this is a new innovative development, which was created by Russian scientists to everyone’s pride. This paint contains:
- foam glass;
- perlite;
- ceramic microspheres;
- a number of other thermal insulation components.
If you cover the pipeline with such paint with a layer of at least 2 millimeters, the results will be the same as when insulating with several layers of polystyrene foam or mineral wool. This paint is harmless to the body and nature in general, it has virtually no odor, therefore, there is no need for ventilation. With the help of insulation, reliable protection of pipes from rust is created; the material itself does not warm up under the influence of high temperatures. In addition to household use, the paint can also be used in industrial and production environments.
Note! The heat insulator is produced in the form of an aerosol, due to which the installation procedure is significantly simplified. In this case, the most inaccessible places are subject to painting.
All of the insulation listed above have a different structure and different parameters, but the function is the same - the protection of domestic and industrial pipelines. After installing the heat insulator, heat loss during the circulation of the working fluid is significantly reduced. All this allows you to reduce heating costs, which means there is also an economic component.
How to install a heat insulator on pipes
The specific insulation procedure depends on which material was chosen. Although in general terms the algorithm of actions is the same and consists of three main stages.
Stage one. So, the thermal insulation for the pipes has been purchased, you can get to work. First, before installation begins, the pipes are covered with foil tape, and it is extremely important that this is done in a spiral.
Stage two. Insulating material is installed on the pipes. After this, using special tape (although in this case it is quite possible to use plumbing tape), the material is attached to the pipeline and wrapped as tightly as possible.
Note! Wrapping the insulation with tape is mandatory, since otherwise groundwater will penetrate into the cracks formed, which will negatively affect the functionality of the entire line.
Stage three. At the end installation work verification is required. That's it, all that remains is to check the quality of the insulating layer in action!
The pipeline is frozen - how to warm it up?
As we noted above, the modern range of insulation materials is huge, so it is necessary to try as much as possible so as not to encounter the problem of pipeline freezing in the future.
Note! Thanks to a well-designed thermal insulation layer, frost will never be able to reach the working fluid moving through the pipeline.
But it happens that for some reason you did not take care of good insulation. What to do in this case? In any technical reference book you can find information that pipelines must be laid - a must! – taking into account the level of soil freezing. This means that if you did not have the opportunity to lay the main line below this “waterline”, then it (the main line) needed to be insulated.
And if all these requirements are not met, then a situation may arise when, due to a sudden frost, the water in the pipeline completely freezes. If we talk specifically about metal pipes, they often burst in such cases; plastic products do a better job, but the working fluid will still not pass through them.
Now we will look at what measures should be taken to get rid of ice. If metal-plastic heating pipes are frozen, then there is one effective option solution to the problem: you need to insert a smaller pipe into the frozen pipe (although a hard hose may also work) and supply hot water through it until the ice has completely melted. But all this is preceded by the search for a frozen section of the highway. This can be done as follows: gradually bend the plastic pipe until the characteristic “ice” crackling sound is heard. It is in that section of the network where you heard the crackling that you need to heat it up.
There are also Alternative option solving the problem - using an ordinary household hair dryer (if it is not possible to use a construction hair dryer).
If the line is frozen at longer length and there is no way to warm it up, you can temporarily install new heating pipes, insulated with foamed polyethylene, and use them until the ice melts on its own.
Insulation for heating or water supply pipes - review of the best materials with characteristics and cost
Pipes located in unheated areas need protection from freezing. Whatever material they are made of, their thermal conductivity is high, so freezing occurs quickly. To avoid unnecessary problems, use pipe insulation, which will create reliable insulation for the pipeline from frost and even insulation from noise due to its sound-absorbing qualities.
Thermal insulation for pipes
There are many companies on the Russian market that produce structural elements to reduce heat transfer. You can choose products made from different materials, choose right size and characteristics suitable for your communications. Thermal insulation of pipes can be carried out from several types of protection, such as polyethylene or foam plastic.
Insulation for pipes made of foamed polyethylene
Insulation for polyethylene pipes has one of the best price-quality ratios. It is a material consisting of tiny cells that waterproof the system well. This protects against metal corrosion. The material itself practically does not absorb water and can withstand temperatures from –60 to +90 degrees. The covering is easy to install.
In heating systems, the following material reduces heat loss by up to 80%. It is produced in 2 meter sleeves of different thicknesses:
- model name: Porilex NPE T 60x9x1000 mm;
- price: 45 rub;
- characteristics: gray color, gross weight 0.06 kg;
- pros: flexible material, moisture resistant, has low thermal conductivity;
- cons: not found.
The following product copes well with insulating cold and hot communications. Due to the color separation, it allows you to distinguish between pipes with hot and cold water:
- model name: Thermal insulation super protect 28;
- price: 21 rubles;
- characteristics: supplied in coils, color red, length 10 meters;
- pros: the outside is covered with a polymer film, which increases the strength of communications and their service life by 50%;
- cons: not found.
Another universal material that can be used to protect heating systems, sewerage systems, etc. It is resistant to materials such as concrete, gypsum, lime:
- model name: Energoflex Super 2 m;
- price: 69 rub./linear meter;
- characteristics: hollow, low thermal conductivity, gray color;
- pros: low-flammability;
- cons: high cost.
Foil insulation for pipes
Foil is a heat insulator that is often used in construction. Its functions are in many ways superior to other types of materials, such as polystyrene foam or mineral wool. When there is a need for a material capable of reflecting heat waves, foil pipe insulation is used. It is a basic thermal insulation material covered with foil.
Thermal insulation for pipes of this type is used in various branches of construction. It is suitable for pipes of any size due to the fact that you cut out the necessary pieces of material yourself:
- model name: Penofol – 2000 A;
- price: 65.00 rub./m2;
- characteristics: polyethylene foam, aluminum foil on one side;
- pros: universal material;
If you need an excellent insulator that will provide double heat protection effect, choose the following product. With it, heat loss will be minimized:
- model name: Mosfol;
- price: 900 rub./roll;
- characteristics: base – polyethylene foam, foil located on both sides;
- pros: high reflective effect - 97%;
- Cons: Available only in rolls.
This insulator is suitable as protection against steam, heat loss, and noise reduction. It reflects about 55% of energy and tolerates humid environments very well:
- model name: Penoflex L (Lavsan)
- price: 799 RUR/roll;
- characteristics: polyethylene with one-sided lamination, elastic, flexible;
- advantages: quick installation anywhere;
- Cons: Available only in rolls.
Insulation for polystyrene foam pipes
Foam plastic is one of the most common materials. Its second name is expanded polystyrene. It combines advantageous characteristics: cheap and easy to use. Expanded polystyrene for pipes received a second name - “pipe shell” due to its corresponding appearance. It may have 1 or two cuts with grooves at the joints that securely fasten the edges.
The Polymerizolyatsiya company produces products such as foam thermal insulation for heating pipes. They are durable, lightweight and safe:
- model name: PPU shell 720/50;
- price: 1,750 rub./linear meter;
- characteristics: material is polyurethane foam (a type of polystyrene foam), consists of 2 cylinders;
- advantages: high heat saving;
- disadvantages: fragility, flammability.
Another type of foam plastic product for quick and easy installation, which will effectively protect any external heating pipe:
- Model name: Insulation shell 325/50;
- price: 916 rub./linear m;
- characteristics: hollow pipe made of polyurethane foam;
- advantages: ease of installation;
- disadvantages: fragility, flammability.
In cases where it is necessary to insulate plastic communications in sewers or pipelines, you can use these products. It is suitable for reusable use and will provide you with quick access to problem areas if the need arises:
- model name: PPU shell for insulation 89/40;
- price: 306 rub./linear m;
- characteristics: length 1 m, coolant parameters up to +150°C;
- advantages: ease of installation;
- disadvantages: fragility, flammability.
Basalt insulation for pipes
Cylinders made from basalt fiber are available in any diameter and size. They have the highest temperature resistance (from –200 to +300°C), can withstand temperatures above 1000 degrees without melting, and are excellent for reducing heating costs. The level of heat loss where basalt insulation is used is 8%, which leads to savings of up to 20% of funds.
Excellent thermal and sound insulation can be achieved using these products. Manufacturers produce it to order according to the individual requirements of customers:
- model name: Izolin RW;
- price: from 75 rubles/linear meter;
- characteristics: mineral wool cylinder;
- pros: special lock that reduces heat loss;
- cons: not found.
There is another variety of the same material, which has increased thermal insulation properties. These products are available with different coatings:
- model name: Izolin RW ALU;
- price: from 95 rubles/linear meter;
- characteristics: aluminum foil coating;
- pluses: longitudinal strip with a self-adhesive layer;
- cons: not found.
The following protection product is available with various coatings. It performs not only a protective, but also a decorative function in those places where pipes are located in the room:
- model name: XotPipe;
- price: 277 rub./p.m.;
- characteristics: mineral wool based on basalt rock, length 1 m;
- pros: highest temperature area of application;
- cons: high cost.
Liquid insulation for pipes
Thermal insulation of pipelines can be carried out using a special paint, which creates an energy-saving barrier 1 mm thick. Application method: brush, roller or spray. After drying, liquid pipe insulation forms a matte surface that serves as a thermal mirror, keeping cold in and heat out.
Thermal insulation for water supply pipes from Korund is worthy of attention. It protects well from freezing and prevents the formation of moisture on the surface:
- model name: Corundum Classic;
- price: 330 rub./l.;
- characteristics: 1 mm of material = 5-7 layers of cotton wool;
- pros: ultra-thin;
- cons: high cost.
Another type of liquid insulation that can withstand temperatures from –60 to +600 degrees is Teplomet products. The paint will serve you for about 30 years and will help you save significantly on heating:
- model name: Teplomet Standard;
- price: 310 rub./l;
- characteristics: consists of vacuum microspheres, 1 mm layer replaces 50 mm of mineral wool;
- advantages: applied to surfaces of any shape;
- cons: high cost.
A basic composition that is suitable for most different areas applications. After application, it tightly and reliably envelops the surface:
- model name: Astratek;
- price: 410 rub./l;
- characteristics: resistance to high temperatures;
- pros: seamless surface that retains heat;
- cons: high cost.
How to choose pipe insulation
To choose the right insulation for water supply pipes and protect yourself from problems, you need to pay attention to three main factors: location (apartment, attic, in the ground, in the sewer, outdoors), ease of installation, and price. All types of products are easy to install independently, but polyethylene is universal in all characteristics.
When it is important to reduce heat absorption, choose foil insulation for pipes. Expanded polystyrene is fragile, but suitable for work anywhere. Basalt material is easy to install, has good characteristics, but is expensive. If you want to quickly thermally insulate a system, but other methods are not suitable, choose thermal paint that is easy to apply, looks beautiful and protects well.
Insulation for pipes - description of thermal insulation materials for heating, water supply and sewerage
Reliable pipe insulation is the best protection against temperature changes for water supply and sewer lines. By installing it today, you will protect yourself from problems in the future.
Withstands temperatures over 1000° C.
ROCKWOOL insulation is highly resistant to fire. It helps localize the fire and prevents its spread. In addition, it does not emit toxic substances and is safe for insulating children's rooms.
Thermal insulation
Save energy by maintaining optimal temperature and indoor climate.
This makes working and living conditions healthier and more comfortable, increasing the quality of life of people - especially in an urban environment. Temperature stability can significantly reduce heating, cooling and ventilation costs, as well as reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Soundproofing
Sound insulation, absorption or correction.
The city needs good infrastructure ( car roads, railway and tram lines, airports), but sometimes it turns out to be too noisy. Vibration and traffic noise - not to mention man-made noise pollution - lead to serious negative consequences for well-being, especially in densely populated areas.
Durability
Improved performance characteristics and increased stability at lower costs.
In cities starved of available land, the number of people working and living in high-rise buildings is growing. Such designs can be a brilliant solution to the problem of providing a growing population with safe and durable housing.
Aesthetics
A harmonious combination of operational and aesthetic qualities.
When people live or work in beautiful place, this increases their feeling of comfort and increases motivation. An environment where people enjoy their time helps strengthen social connections and makes the surrounding area safer and more welcoming.
Water resistance
Efficient handling of your most valuable resource.
Traditional food production methods are declining as populations grow and climate change increases the need for flood protection. Rock wool products can be designed to absorb or repel water, depending on need, and can also be used to recycle water in greenhouses, helping to solve a range of water management problems.
Environmental friendliness
Eco-friendly ROCKWOOL products reveal the power and naturalness of natural stone.
Stone is one of the most common materials on earth; however, we must make better use of our planet's resources. We have developed technologies that allow the use of waste from other industrial sectors as an alternative raw material.
In the practice of private construction, it is not so common, but there are still situations when heating communications need to be not only distributed throughout the premises of the main house, but also extended to other nearby buildings. These could be residential outbuildings, outbuildings, summer kitchens, utility or agricultural buildings, for example, used for keeping pets or birds. The option cannot be ruled out when, on the contrary, the autonomous boiler room itself is located in a separate building, at some distance from the main residential building. It happens that a house is connected to a central heating main, from which pipes are extended to it.
There are two options for laying heating pipes between buildings - underground (ducted or ductless) and open. The process of installing a local heating main above the ground seems less labor-intensive, and this option is used more often in conditions of independent construction. One of the main conditions for the efficiency of the system is properly planned and well-executed thermal insulation for outdoor heating pipes. It is this issue that will be addressed in this publication.
Why do you need thermal insulation of pipes and the basic requirements for it?
It would seem nonsense - why insulate the already almost always hot pipes of the heating system? Perhaps someone may be misled by a peculiar “play on words”. In the case under consideration, of course, it would be more correct to conduct the conversation using the concept of “thermal insulation”.
Thermal insulation work on any pipelines has two main goals:
- If pipes are used in heating or hot water supply systems, then reducing heat losses and maintaining the required temperature of the pumped liquid comes to the fore. The same principle is also true for industrial or laboratory installations, where technology requires maintaining a certain temperature of the substance transmitted through pipes.
- For cold water supply pipelines or sewer communications, the main factor is insulation, that is, preventing the temperature in the pipes from falling below a critical level, preventing freezing, leading to failure of the system and deformation of the pipes.
By the way, such a precaution is required for both heating mains and hot water pipes - no one is completely immune from emergency situations with boiler equipment.
The cylindrical shape of the pipes itself predetermines a very large area of constant heat exchange with the environment, which means significant heat loss. And they naturally increase as pipeline diameters increase. The table below clearly shows how the amount of heat loss changes depending on the temperature difference inside and outside the pipe (Δt° column), on the diameter of the pipes and on the thickness of the thermal insulation layer (data given taking into account the use of insulation material with an average thermal conductivity coefficient λ = 0.04 W/m×°C).
| The thickness of the thermal insulation layer. mm | Δt.°С | Pipe outer diameter (mm) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 15 | 20 | 25 | 32 | 40 | 50 | 65 | 80 | 100 | 150 | ||
| The amount of heat loss (per 1 linear meter of pipeline. W). | |||||||||||
| 10 | 20 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 10 | 12 | 13.4 | 16.2 | 19 | 23 | 29 | 41 |
| 30 | 10.7 | 12.6 | 15 | 18 | 20.2 | 24.4 | 29 | 34 | 43 | 61 | |
| 40 | 14.3 | 16.8 | 20 | 24 | 26.8 | 32.5 | 38 | 45 | 57 | 81 | |
| 60 | 21.5 | 25.2 | 30 | 36 | 40.2 | 48.7 | 58 | 68 | 86 | 122 | |
| 20 | 20 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.1 | 7.2 | 7.9 | 9.4 | 11 | 13 | 16 | 22 |
| 30 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 11.9 | 14.2 | 16 | 19 | 24 | 33 | |
| 40 | 9.1 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 14.4 | 15.8 | 18.8 | 22 | 25 | 32 | 44 | |
| 60 | 13.6 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 21.6 | 23.9 | 28.2 | 33 | 38 | 48 | 67 | |
| 30 | 20 | 3.6 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 11 | 16 |
| 30 | 5.4 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 9 | 10.6 | 12 | 14 | 17 | 24 | |
| 40 | 7.3 | 8.31 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 19 | 23 | 31 | |
| 60 | 10.9 | 12.4 | 14.2 | 16.4 | 18 | 21 | 24 | 28 | 34 | 47 | |
| 40 | 20 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 4 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 5.8 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 12 |
| 30 | 4.7 | 5.3 | 6 | 6.8 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 10 | 11 | 14 | 19 | |
| 40 | 6.2 | 7.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 10 | 11.5 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 25 | |
| 60 | 9.4 | 10.6 | 12 | 13.7 | 14.9 | 17.3 | 20 | 22 | 27 | 37 | |
As the thickness of the insulation layer increases, the overall heat loss rate decreases. However, please note that even a fairly thick layer of 40 mm does not completely eliminate heat loss. There is only one conclusion - it is necessary to strive to use insulation materials with the lowest possible thermal conductivity coefficient - this is one of the main requirements for thermal insulation of pipelines.
Sometimes a pipeline heating system is also required!
When laying water supply or sewer lines, it happens that due to the local climate or specific installation conditions, thermal insulation alone is clearly not enough. We have to resort to forced installation of heating cables - this topic is discussed in more detail in a special publication on our portal.
- The material used for thermal insulation of pipes, if possible, should have hydrophobic properties. There will be little current from insulation soaked in water - it will not prevent heat loss, and itself will soon collapse under the influence of negative temperatures.
- The thermal insulation structure must have reliable external protection. Firstly, it needs protection from atmospheric moisture, especially if insulation is used that can actively absorb water. Secondly, materials should be protected from exposure to the ultraviolet spectrum sunlight, which has a detrimental effect on them. Thirdly, we should not forget about the wind load, which can damage the integrity of the thermal insulation. And fourthly, there remains the factor of external mechanical impact, unintentional, including from animals, or due to banal manifestations of vandalism.
In addition, any owner of a private house is probably not indifferent to the aesthetic appearance of the installed heating main.
- Any thermal insulation material used on heating mains must have an operating temperature range that corresponds to the actual conditions of use.
- An important requirement for insulating material and its external cladding is durability of use. No one wants to return to the problems of thermal insulation of pipes even once every few years.
- From a practical point of view, one of the main requirements is the ease of installation of thermal insulation, in any position and in any difficult area. Fortunately, in this regard, manufacturers never tire of delighting with easy-to-use developments.
- An important requirement for thermal insulation is that its materials themselves must be chemically inert and not enter into any reaction with the surface of the pipes. Such compatibility is the key to long-term trouble-free operation.
The issue of cost is also very important. But in this regard, the range of prices among specialized ones is very large.
What materials are used for insulation of above-ground heating mains
The choice of thermal insulation materials for heating pipes when they are laid externally is quite large. They come in roll type or in the form of mats; they can be given a cylindrical or other shape that is convenient for installation. curly shape, there are insulation materials that are applied in liquid form and acquire their properties only after hardening.
Insulation using foamed polyethylene
Foamed polyethylene is rightly classified as a very effective thermal insulator. And what is also very important, the cost of this material is one of the lowest.
The thermal conductivity coefficient of foamed polyethylene is usually around 0.035 W/m×°C - this is a very good indicator. The smallest bubbles, isolated from each other, filled with gas, create an elastic structure, and with such material, if you purchase a roll version, it is very convenient to work on sections of pipes with complex configurations.
Such a structure becomes a reliable barrier to moisture - if installed correctly, neither water nor water vapor will be able to penetrate through it to the pipe walls.
The density of polyethylene foam is low (about 30 - 35 kg/m³), and thermal insulation will not make the pipes heavier.
The material, with some assumption, can be classified as low-hazard in terms of flammability - it usually belongs to class G-2, that is, it is very difficult to ignite, and without an external flame it quickly extinguishes. Moreover, combustion products, unlike many other thermal insulators, do not pose any serious toxic danger to humans.
Rolled foam polyethylene for insulation of external heating mains will be both inconvenient and unprofitable - you will have to wind it in several layers to achieve the required thickness of thermal insulation. Much more convenient to use is material in the form of sleeves (cylinders), which have an internal channel corresponding to the diameter of the insulated pipe. To put it on pipes, an incision is usually made along the length of the cylinder on the wall, which after installation can be sealed with reliable tape.
Putting insulation on a pipe is not difficult A more effective type of polyethylene foam is penofol, which has on one side. This shiny finish becomes a kind of thermal reflector, which significantly increases the insulating qualities of the material. In addition, it is an additional barrier against moisture penetration.
Penofol can also be of a roll type or in the form of profile cylindrical elements - especially for thermal insulation of pipes for various purposes.
And foamed polyethylene is rarely used for thermal insulation of heating mains. It is more likely to be suitable for other communications. The reason for this is the rather low operating temperature range. So. if you look at the physical characteristics, the upper limit balances somewhere on the verge of 75 ÷ 85 degrees - above that, structural disturbances and the appearance of deformations are possible. For autonomous heating, most often, this temperature is sufficient, although on the verge, and for central heating, thermal stability is clearly not enough.
Insulation elements made of polystyrene foam
The well-known expanded polystyrene (in everyday life it is more often called polystyrene foam) is very widely used for a variety of types of thermal insulation work. The insulation of pipes is no exception - special parts are made from foam plastic for this purpose.
Usually these are half-cylinders (for pipes of large diameters there may be segments of a third of the circumference, 120° each), which for assembly into a single structure are equipped with a tongue-and-groove type locking connection. This configuration makes it possible to provide reliable thermal insulation completely over the entire surface of the pipe, without remaining “cold bridges.”
In everyday speech, such details are called “shells” for their obvious resemblance to it. There are many types of it available, for different outer diameters of insulated pipes and different thicknesses of the thermal insulation layer. Typically the length of the parts is 1000 or 2000 mm.
For production, polystyrene foam of the PSB-S type of various grades is used - from PSB-S-15 to PSB-S-35. The main parameters of this material are shown in the table below:
| Estimated material parameters | Brand of expanded polystyrene | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PSB-S-15U | PSB-S-15 | PSB-S-25 | PSB-S-35 | PSB-S-50 | |
| Density (kg/m³) | to 10 | up to 15 | 15.1 ÷ 25 | 25.1 ÷ 35 | 35.1 ÷ 50 |
| Compressive strength at 10% linear deformation (MPa, not less) | 0.05 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.2 |
| Bending strength (MPa, not less) | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.36 | 0.35 |
| Thermal conductivity in dry condition at a temperature of 25°C (W / (m×°K)) | 0,043 | 0,042 | 0,039 | 0,037 | 0,036 |
| Water absorption in 24 hours (% by volume, no more) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Humidity (%, no more) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 |
The advantages of polystyrene foam as an insulating material have long been known:
- It has a low thermal conductivity coefficient.
- The light weight of the material greatly simplifies insulation work, which does not require any special mechanisms or devices.
- The material is biologically inert - it will not be a breeding ground for the formation of mold or mildew.
- Moisture absorption is negligible.
- The material can be easily cut and adjusted to the desired size.
- Polystyrene foam is chemically inert and absolutely safe for pipe walls, no matter what material they are made of.
- One of the key advantages is that polystyrene foam is one of the most inexpensive insulation materials.
However, it also has many disadvantages:
- First of all, this low level fire safety. The material cannot be called non-flammable and does not spread flame. That is why, when using it to insulate above-ground pipelines, fire breaks must be left.
- The material does not have elasticity, and it is convenient to use it only on straight sections of pipe. True, you can also find special figured parts.
- Polystyrene foam is not a durable material - it is easily destroyed under external influence. Ultraviolet radiation also has a negative effect on it. In a word, above-ground sections of the pipe, insulated with polystyrene foam shells, will definitely require additional protection in the form of a metal casing.
Usually, stores that sell foam shells also offer galvanized sheets, cut to the required size, corresponding to the diameter of the insulation. An aluminum shell can also be used, although it is of course much more expensive. The sheets can be secured with self-tapping screws or clamps - the resulting casing will simultaneously create anti-vandal, anti-wind, waterproofing protection and a barrier from sunlight.
- And yet this is not even the main thing. The upper limit of normal operating temperatures is only around 75°C, after which linear and spatial deformation of parts may begin. Whatever one may say, this value may not be enough for heating. It probably makes sense to look for a more reliable option.
Insulation of pipes with mineral wool or products based on it
The most “ancient” method of thermal insulation of external pipelines is using mineral wool. By the way, it is also the most budget-friendly, if it is not possible to purchase a foam shell.
For thermal insulation of pipelines, various types of mineral wool are used - glass wool, stone (basalt) and slag. Slag is the least preferable: firstly, it absorbs moisture most actively, and secondly, its residual acidity can have a very destructive effect on steel pipes. Even the cheapness of this cotton wool does not in any way justify the risks of its use.
But mineral wool based on basalt or glass fibers is fully suitable. It has good thermal resistance to heat transfer, high chemical resistance, the material is elastic, and it is easy to install even on complex pipeline sections. Another advantage is that you can, in principle, be completely calm in terms of fire safety. It is almost impossible to heat mineral wool to the point of ignition in the conditions of an external heating main. Even the impact open flame will not cause a fire to spread. That is why mineral wool is used to fill fire gaps when using other pipe insulation materials.
The main disadvantage of mineral wool is its high water absorption (basalt wool is less susceptible to this “disease”). This means that any pipeline will require mandatory protection from moisture. In addition, the structure of the wool is unstable to mechanical stress, is easily destroyed, and should be protected with a durable casing.
Usually use durable plastic film, which is securely wrapped in a layer of insulation, with the obligatory overlap of the strips by 400 ÷ 500 mm, and then the whole thing is covered with metal sheets on top - exactly by analogy with a polystyrene foam shell. Roofing felt can also be used as waterproofing - in this case, 100 ÷ 150 mm of overlap of one strip over another will be sufficient.
Existing GOST standards determine the thickness of protective metal coatings for open sections of pipelines for any type of thermal insulation materials used:
| Protective cover layer material | Minimum metal thickness, with outer diameter of insulation | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 350 or less | Over 350 and up to 600 | Over 600 and up to 1600 | |
| Stainless steel strips and sheets | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Sheets made of thin sheet steel, galvanized or polymer coated | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| Aluminum or aluminum alloy sheets | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Aluminum or aluminum alloy tapes | 0.25 | - | - |
Thus, despite the seemingly inexpensive price of the insulation itself, its full installation will require considerable additional costs.
Mineral wool for insulation of pipelines can also act in another capacity - it serves as a material for the manufacture of finished thermal insulation parts, by analogy with polyethylene foam cylinders. Moreover, such products are produced both for straight sections of pipelines and for bends, tees, etc.
Typically, such insulating parts are made from the densest material - basalt mineral wool, and have an external foil coating, which immediately eliminates the problem of waterproofing and increases the efficiency of insulation. But you still won’t be able to get away from the outer casing - a thin layer of foil will not protect you from accidental or intentional mechanical impact.
Insulation of heating mains with polyurethane foam
One of the most effective and safest modern insulation materials is polyurethane foam. It has a lot of various advantages, so the material is used on almost any structure that requires reliable insulation.
What are the features of polyurethane foam insulation?
Polyurethane foam for pipeline insulation can be used in various forms.
- PPU shells are widely used, usually having an outer foil coating. It can be dismountable, consisting of half-cylinders with tongue-and-groove locks, or, for small-diameter pipes, with a cut along the length and a special valve with a self-adhesive rear surface, which greatly simplifies the installation of insulation.
- Another way to thermally insulate a heating main with polyurethane foam is to spray it in liquid form using special equipment. The resulting layer of foam, after complete hardening, becomes an excellent insulation material. This technology is especially convenient at complex junctions, pipe turns, in units with shut-off and control valves, etc.
The advantage of this technology is that, thanks to the excellent adhesion of polyurethane foam spraying to the surface of the pipes, excellent waterproofing and anti-corrosion protection is created. True, the polyurethane foam itself also requires mandatory protection - from ultraviolet rays, so again it will not be possible to do without a casing.
- Well, if you need to lay a fairly long heating main, then probably the best choice would be to use pre-insulated (pre-insulated) pipes.
In fact, such pipes are a multilayer structure assembled in a factory:
— The inner layer is, in fact, the steel pipe itself of the required diameter, through which the coolant is pumped.
— The outer coating is protective. It can be polymer (for laying a heating main in the thickness of the soil) or galvanized metal - what is required for open sections of the pipeline.
— Between the pipe and the casing, a monolithic, seamless layer of polyurethane foam is poured, which performs the function of effective thermal insulation.
An installation section is left at both ends of the pipe for welding work when assembling the heating main. Its length is designed in such a way that the heat flow from the welding arc will not damage the polyurethane foam layer.
After installation, the remaining uninsulated areas are primed, covered with a polyurethane foam shell, and then with metal belts, comparing the coating with the overall outer casing of the pipe. It is often in such areas that fire breaks are organized - they are tightly filled with mineral wool, then waterproofed with roofing felt and still covered on top with a steel or aluminum casing.
The standards establish a certain range of such sandwich pipes, that is, it is possible to purchase products of the required nominal diameter with optimal (regular or enhanced) thermal insulation.
| Outside diameter steel pipe and the minimum thickness of its wall (mm) | Dimensions of galvanized sheet steel shell | Estimated thickness of the thermal insulation layer of polyurethane foam (mm) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominal outer diameter (mm) | minimum thickness of steel sheet (mm) | ||
| 32×3.0 | 100; 125; 140 | 0.55 | 46,0; 53,5 |
| 38×3.0 | 125; 140 | 0.55 | 43,0; 50,5 |
| 45×3.0 | 125; 140 | 0.55 | 39,5; 47,0 |
| 57×3.0 | 140 | 0.55 | 40.9 |
| 76×3.0 | 160 | 0.55 | 41.4 |
| 89×4.0 | 180 | 0.6 | 44.9 |
| 108×4.0 | 200 | 0.6 | 45.4 |
| 133×4.0 | 225 | 0.6 | 45.4 |
| 159×4.5 | 250 | 0.7 | 44.8 |
| 219×6.0 | 315 | 0.7 | 47.3 |
| 273×7.0 | 400 | 0.8 | 62.7 |
| 325×7.0 | 450 | 0.8 | 61.7 |
Manufacturers offer such sandwich pipes not only for straight sections, but also for tees, bends, expansion joints, etc.
The cost of such pre-insulated pipes is quite high, but their acquisition and installation solves a whole range of problems at once. So such costs seem quite justified.
Video: the production process of pre-insulated pipes
Insulation – foam rubber
Thermal insulation materials and products made from synthetic foam rubber have recently become very popular. This material has a number of advantages that bring it to a leading position in matters of insulation of pipelines, including not only heating mains, but also more critical ones - on complex technological lines, in machine, aircraft and shipbuilding:
- Foam rubber is very elastic, but at the same time has a large margin of tensile strength.
- The density of the material is only from 40 to 80 kg/m³.
- The low thermal conductivity coefficient provides very effective thermal insulation.
- The material does not shrink over time, completely retaining its original shape and volume.
- Foamed rubber is difficult to ignite and has the property of rapid self-extinguishing.
- The material is chemically and biologically inert; there are no pockets of mold or mildew, no nests of insects or
- The most important quality is almost absolute water and vapor tightness. Thus, the insulating layer immediately becomes an excellent waterproofing for the surface of the pipe.
Such thermal insulation can be produced in the form of hollow tubes with an internal diameter from 6 to 160 mm and an insulation layer thickness from 6 to 32 mm, or in the form of sheets, which are often given a “self-adhesive” function on one side.
| The name of indicators | Values |
|---|---|
| Length of finished tubes, mm: | 1000 or 2000 |
| Color | black or silver, depending on the type of protective coating |
| Temperature range of application: | from - 50 to + 110 °C |
| Thermal conductivity, W/(m ×°C): | λ≤0.036 at 0°C |
| λ≤0.039 at a temperature of +40°C | |
| Vapor permeation resistance coefficient: | μ≥7000 |
| Fire hazard level | Group G1 |
| Allowable length change: | ±1.5% |
But for heating mains located in the open air, ready-made insulation elements made using the Armaflex ACE technology and having a special protective coating ArmaChek are especially convenient.
ArmaChek coating can be of several types, for example:
- "Arma-Chek Silver" is a multi-layer PVC-based shell with a silver reflective coating. This coating provides excellent protection of the insulation from both mechanical stress and ultraviolet rays.
- The black Arma-Chek D coating has a fiberglass base that is highly durable but retains excellent flexibility. This is excellent protection against all possible chemical, weather, and mechanical influences, which will keep the heating pipe intact.
Typically, such products using the ArmaChek technology have self-adhesive valves that hermetically “seal” the insulating cylinder on the pipe body. Curved elements are also produced that allow installation on difficult sections of the heating main. Skillful use of such thermal insulation allows you to quickly and reliably install it, without resorting to creating an additional external protective casing - there is simply no need for it.
The only thing, probably, that is hindering the widespread use of such thermal insulation products for pipelines is the still prohibitively high price for real, “branded” products.
Prices for thermal insulation for pipes
Thermal insulation for pipes
A new direction in insulation - thermal insulation paint
You can't miss another one modern technology insulation. And it’s all the more pleasant to talk about it, since it is the development of Russian scientists. We are talking about ceramic liquid insulation, which is also known as heat-insulating paint.
This is, without any doubt, an “alien” from the sphere of space technology. It is in this scientific and technical field that the issues of thermal insulation from critically low (in outer space) or high (during the launch of ships and landing of descent vehicles) are especially acute.
The thermal insulation qualities of ultra-thin coatings seem simply fantastic. At the same time, such a coating becomes an excellent hydro- and vapor barrier, protecting the pipe from all possible external influences. Well, the heating main itself takes on a well-groomed, pleasing appearance.
The paint itself is a suspension of microscopic, vacuum-filled silicone and ceramic capsules suspended in a liquid state in a special composition, including acrylic, rubber and other components. After applying and drying the composition, a thin elastic film is formed on the surface of the pipe, which has outstanding thermal insulation properties.
| Names of indicators | Unit | Magnitude |
|---|---|---|
| Paint color | white (can be customized) | |
| Appearance after application and complete hardening | matte, smooth, homogeneous surface | |
| Film elasticity when bending | mm | 1 |
| Coating adhesion based on pull-off force from the painted surface | ||
| - to the concrete surface | MPa | 1.28 |
| - to a brick surface | MPa | 2 |
| - to steel | MPa | 1.2 |
| Resistance of the coating to temperature changes from -40 °C to + 80 °C | without changes | |
| Resistance of the coating to temperatures of +200 °C for 1.5 hours | no yellowing, cracks, peeling or bubbles | |
| Durability for concrete and metal surfaces in a moderately cold climate region (Moscow) | years | at least 10 |
| Thermal conductivity | W/m °C | 0,0012 |
| Vapor permeability | mg/m × h × Pa | 0.03 |
| Water absorption in 24 hours | % by volume | 2 |
| Operating temperature range | °C | from - 60 to + 260 |
Such a coating will not require additional protective layers - it is strong enough to independently cope with all impacts.
This liquid insulation is sold in plastic cans (buckets), just like regular paint. There are several manufacturers, and among the domestic ones we can particularly note the brands “Bronya” and “Korund”.
This thermal paint can be applied by aerosol spraying or in the usual way - with a roller and brush. The number of layers depends on the operating conditions of the heating main, climatic region, pipe diameter, and average temperature of the pumped coolant.
Many experts believe that such insulation materials will eventually replace conventional thermal insulation materials on a mineral or organic basis.
Video: presentation of ultra-thin thermal insulation of the Korund brand
Prices for thermal insulation paint
Thermal insulation paint
What thickness of heating main insulation is required?
To summarize the review of materials used for thermal insulation of heating pipes, we can put the performance indicators of the most popular ones in the table - for clarity of comparison:
| Thermal insulation material or product | Average density in finished design, kg/m3 | Thermal conductivity of thermal insulation material (W/(m×°C)) for surfaces with temperature (°C) | Operating temperature range, °C | Flammability group | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 and above | 19 and below | ||||
| Mineral wool slabs pierced | 120 | 0,045 | 0.044 ÷ 0.035 | From - 180 to + 450 for mats, on fabric, mesh, fiberglass canvas; up to + 700 - on a metal mesh | Non-flammable |
| 150 | 0,05 | 0.048 ÷ 0.037 | |||
| Thermal insulation slabs made of mineral wool with a synthetic binder | 65 | 0.04 | 0.039 ÷ 0.03 | From - 60 to + 400 | Non-flammable |
| 95 | 0,043 | 0.042 ÷ 0.031 | |||
| 120 | 0,044 | 0.043 ÷ 0.032 | From - 180 + 400 | ||
| 180 | 0,052 | 0.051 ÷ 0.038 | |||
| Thermal insulation products made of foamed ethylene-polypropylene rubber "Aeroflex" | 60 | 0,034 | 0,033 | From - 55 to + 125 | Low flammable |
| Half-cylinders and mineral wool cylinders | 50 | 0,04 | 0.039 ÷ 0.029 | From - 180 to + 400 | Non-flammable |
| 80 | 0,044 | 0.043 ÷ 0.032 | |||
| 100 | 0,049 | 0.048 ÷ 0.036 | |||
| 150 | 0,05 | 0.049 ÷ 0.035 | |||
| 200 | 0,053 | 0.052 ÷ 0.038 | |||
| Thermal insulation cord made of mineral wool | 200 | 0,056 | 0.055 ÷ 0.04 | From - 180 to + 600 depending on the material of the mesh tube | In mesh tubes made of metal wire and glass thread - non-flammable, the rest are low-flammable |
| Glass staple fiber mats with synthetic binder | 50 | 0,04 | 0.039 ÷ 0.029 | From - 60 to + 180 | Non-flammable |
| 70 | 0,042 | 0.041 ÷ 0.03 | |||
| Mats and wadding made of superfine glass fiber without binder | 70 | 0,033 | 0.032 ÷ 0.024 | From - 180 to + 400 | Non-flammable |
| Mats and wool made of superfine basalt fiber without binder | 80 | 0,032 | 0.031 ÷ 0.024 | From - 180 to + 600 | Non-flammable |
| Perlite sand, expanded, fine | 110 | 0,052 | 0.051 ÷ 0.038 | From - 180 to + 875 | Non-flammable |
| 150 | 0,055 | 0.054 ÷ 0.04 | |||
| 225 | 0,058 | 0.057 ÷ 0.042 | |||
| Thermal insulation products made of polystyrene foam | 30 | 0,033 | 0.032 ÷ 0.024 | From - 180 to + 70 | Flammable |
| 50 | 0,036 | 0.035 ÷ 0.026 | |||
| 100 | 0,041 | 0.04 ÷ 0.03 | |||
| Thermal insulation products made of polyurethane foam | 40 | 0,030 | 0.029 ÷ 0.024 | From - 180 to + 130 | Flammable |
| 50 | 0,032 | 0.031 ÷ 0.025 | |||
| 70 | 0,037 | 0.036 ÷ 0.027 | |||
| Thermal insulation products made of polyethylene foam | 50 | 0,035 | 0,033 | From - 70 to + 70 | Flammable |
But surely an inquisitive reader will ask: where is the answer to one of the main questions that arises - what should be the thickness of the insulation?
This question is quite complex, and there is no clear answer to it. If desired, you can use cumbersome calculation formulas, but they are probably understandable only to qualified heating engineers. However, not everything is so scary.
Manufacturers of finished thermal insulation products (shells, cylinders, etc.) usually provide the required thickness calculated for a specific region. And if mineral wool insulation is used, then you can use the data from the tables that are given in a special Code of Rules, which is designed specifically for thermal insulation of pipelines and technological equipment. This document is easy to find on the Internet by entering a search query "SP 41-103-2000".
Here, for example, is a table from this reference book regarding the above-ground placement of a pipeline in Central region Russia, when using mats made of glass staple fiber grade M-35, 50:
| Outer diameter pipeline, mm | Heating pipe type | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| innings | return | innings | return | innings | return | |
| Average temperature regime of the coolant, °C | ||||||
| 65 | 50 | 90 | 50 | 110 | 50 | |
| Required insulation thickness, mm | ||||||
| 45 | 50 | 50 | 45 | 45 | 40 | 40 |
| 57 | 58 | 58 | 48 | 48 | 45 | 45 |
| 76 | 67 | 67 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 50 |
| 89 | 66 | 66 | 53 | 53 | 50 | 50 |
| 108 | 62 | 62 | 58 | 58 | 55 | 55 |
| 133 | 68 | 68 | 65 | 65 | 61 | 61 |
| 159 | 74 | 74 | 64 | 64 | 68 | 68 |
| 219 | 78 | 78 | 76 | 76 | 82 | 82 |
| 273 | 82 | 82 | 84 | 84 | 92 | 92 |
| 325 | 80 | 80 | 87 | 87 | 93 | 93 |
In a similar way, you can find the necessary parameters for other materials. By the way, the same Code of Rules does not recommend significantly exceeding the specified thickness. Moreover, the maximum values of the insulating layer for pipelines have been determined:
| Pipeline outer diameter, mm | Maximum thickness of thermal insulation layer, mm | |
|---|---|---|
| temperature 19 ° C and below | temperature 20 ° C or more | |
| 18 | 80 | 80 |
| 25 | 120 | 120 |
| 32 | 140 | 140 |
| 45 | 140 | 140 |
| 57 | 150 | 150 |
| 76 | 160 | 160 |
| 89 | 180 | 170 |
| 108 | 180 | 180 |
| 133 | 200 | 200 |
| 159 | 220 | 220 |
| 219 | 230 | 230 |
| 273 | 240 | 230 |
| 325 | 240 | 240 |
However, do not forget about one important nuance. The fact is that any insulation with a fibrous structure inevitably shrinks over time. This means that after a certain period of time its thickness may become insufficient for reliable thermal insulation of the heating main. There is only one way out - even when installing insulation, immediately take into account this correction for shrinkage.
To calculate, you can use the following formula:
N = ((D + h) : (D + 2 h)) × h× Kc
N– thickness of the mineral wool layer, taking into account the correction for compaction.
D– outer diameter of the pipe to be insulated;
h– required insulation thickness according to the table of the Code of Rules.
KS– shrinkage (compaction) coefficient of fiber insulation. It is a calculated constant, the value of which can be taken from the table below:
| Thermal insulation materials and products | Compaction coefficient Kc. |
|---|---|
| Stitched mineral wool mats | 1.2 |
| Heat-insulating mats "TEKHMAT" | 1.35 ÷ 1.2 |
| Mats and canvases made of super-thin basalt fiber when laid on pipelines and equipment with a nominal diameter, mm: | |
| Du | 3 |
| 1,5 | |
| DN ≥ 800 at medium density 23 kg/m3 | 2 |
| ̶ the same, with an average density of 50-60 kg/m3 | 1,5 |
| Mats made of glass staple fiber on a synthetic binder brand: | |
| M-45, 35, 25 | 1.6 |
| M-15 | 2.6 |
| Mats made from glass staple fiber "URSA" brand: | |
| M-11: | |
| ̶ for pipes with DN up to 40 mm | 4,0 |
| ̶ for pipes with DN 50 mm and above | 3,6 |
| M-15, M-17 | 2.6 |
| M-25: | |
| ̶ for pipes with DN up to 100 mm | 1,8 |
| ̶ for pipes with DN from 100 to 250 mm | 1,6 |
| ̶ for pipes with DN over 250 mm | 1,5 |
| Mineral wool slabs with synthetic binder brand: | |
| 35, 50 | 1.5 |
| 75 | 1.2 |
| 100 | 1.10 |
| 125 | 1.05 |
| Glass staple fiber slabs brand: | |
| P-30 | 1.1 |
| P-15, P-17 and P-20 | 1.2 |
To help the interested reader, below is a special calculator, which already contains the indicated ratio. You just need to enter the requested parameters and immediately get the required thickness of mineral wool insulation, taking into account the correction.