The evolution of the image of the homeland in the creativity of the bloc. The theme of the homeland in the works of A.A. Blok
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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The evolution of the theme of the homeland in the work of A. Blok educational project Completed by: Andrey Pavlov, 11v Supervisor: Sergeeva O.S., teacher of Russian language and literature
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The theme of the Motherland sounds in the first monument of the art of speech that has come down to us - “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” This topic remains one of the main ones in Russian literature to this day.
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This theme and the multidimensional image of Russia closely connected with it are central (“cross-cutting”) in the work of A. Blok.
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Goal: to identify the main trends in the development of the theme of Russia in the works of A. A. Blok. Objectives: analyze poems about the Motherland and determine how Russia appears in Blok’s works; trace the evolution of the development of this topic at different stages of creativity (based on the material of program works); find out how the traditions of Russian classical literature can be traced in the poet’s works dedicated to the theme of Russia, and how they are interpreted by Blok. Project goal and objectives
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What meaning do we put into the concept of “Motherland” Bychkov Alexander, 11v For me, the homeland, first of all, is my family and my home. Then you can move on to associations: winter, cold, snow, snowballs, sleds, hockey, bears, forests, rivers, fools and roads, bad politicians, well-built Tajiks and good, kind taxi drivers...
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Pavlov Andrey, 11c Motherland is not just a word, but a place. A place that should be kept in everyone's soul, the place where you were born. Homeland is a place where you are always welcome and always understood. The place you always think about and miss when it’s not around. For everyone, their homeland is the beginning of their history. This is where ideas about life are formed.
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Dymov Oleg, 11v For me, my homeland is the place where I was born, grew up and started my family. My homeland is great Russia, for which, if necessary, I will give my life even without delay. The homeland is the land, forests, lakes, rivers, the sky above... - all this makes the soul rejoice at just one glance. In general, this is the place where I feel safe.
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Blok's Russia... In Russian literature, no other poet has anything like this. The attitude towards Russia and the feeling of homeland, inherent in all Russian poets, becomes Blok’s feeling for Russia. According to the famous literary critic V. Zhirmunsky, “Blok differed from his predecessors in that he approached the fate of Russia not as a thinker - with an abstract idea, but as a poet - with intimate love.”
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...But the truth of things sounds from lips clotted with blood. The first poem about Russia The first poem “Gamayun, the prophetic bird” (1899) - was already “about Russia” The poem contained everything that would later become so important for Blok’s understanding of Russia: love for it, awareness of the horror of its past and present and the desire to see the truth, no matter how terrible it may be:
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The Russia of early lyricism is ideal, semi-fairy-tale, it is a fabulous enchanted Rus', a sleeping princess, who for now appears either in the form of a humble Russian girl or in the form of a Tatar... The world of Blok’s early lyrics is a world of a beautiful dream, and the image of Russia is shrouded in this beautiful dream.
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The theme of the Motherland has been larger and more definite in Blok’s lyrics since 1904, when the poet’s second book was published, which consisted of several cycles: “Bubbles of the Earth”, “Dances of Death”, “Various Poems”, “City”, “Snow Mask”... Russia here it is presented in two faces: natural and urban, depicting a “terrible world”. It is through the motives of a terrible world that the poet goes to comprehend the true Russia, far from the enchanting fairy tale. It is into this terrible world that Blok’s hero finds himself after leaving the Beautiful Lady. The poet's second book
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The poem “Autumn Will” (July 1905) This is the first poem in a series of lyrical works that lead directly to the understanding of the theme of Russia as an all-encompassing, all-pervasive theme of Blok’s work. The Motherland itself, in turn, appears in irreconcilable contrasts of poverty, scarcity and inner “free”, soul-stricken beauty: Here it is, my joy, dancing and ringing, ringing, disappearing in the bushes! And in the distance, in the distance, your patterned, colorful sleeve waves invitingly. The generalized image of Russia appears in contrast with the image of the lyrical hero, who acutely experiences the bitter “autumn love” for her.
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Poem “Rus” (1907) The development of the theme of Russia in Blok’s poetry proceeds as the development, clarification and deepening of lyrical characters: “her”, in whose face the features of the country itself, the people, and “him”, embodied in his personality, should appear with particular clarity modern man, with the “burden of doubts”, internal contradictions, which are resolved in relations with the people’s national “elements”.
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The motive of “love-hate” comes to the image of a holy, patriarchal Russia, the image of a “poor” Russia, and the motive of “love-hate” sounds more and more clearly... Crazy, I love! That all of you is night, That all of you is darkness, And all of you are drunk.
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Fate and will in the third collection “Earth in the Snow” Blok argued that the soul of the poet is ruled by Fate, Will and the One Star Russia... A country that has experienced the rise and defeat of the revolution and is experiencing a painful “time of transition”, when everything around is still dark, but is already flaring up “ the distant crimson glow of events that we all passionately await, that we fear, that we hope for.”
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Early creativity. Conclusions. Thus, at the beginning of his creative career, Blok depicts the “two-faced soul” of Russia. The ideal image of the homeland is on a par with the image of the Beautiful Lady. Russia is “alive only in a dream”, it is a dream that has entered into sleep, “drowsiness”... Blok’s hero imagines a bright loneliness, a quiet life in a monastery as salvation from the bustle of the world. Russia for Blok at this time is a “musical”, harmonious and integral “space”.
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Development of the image of Russia in the works of A. Blok 1908 – 1917. “Prophetic” poem “Russia” In 1908, the poem “Russia” was written, full of prophetic premonitions and assumptions: Give your robber beauty to whatever sorcerer you want! Let him lure and deceive, You will not be lost, you will not perish, And only care will cloud Your heavenly features... Russia again appears in the image of a woman (“patterned dress up to the eyebrows”, “Instant glance from under a scarf”).
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Contrasting epithets continue the tradition of depicting a diverse Russia: “You are wretched, you are also abundant...” Troika, coachman, road, song... It is these traditional images for Russian poetry that are probably meant when Blok says: Again, as in the years golden, Three frayed harnesses fray, And painted knitting needles knit into loose ruts... Means of creating an image
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Poem “On the Railway,” June 14, 1910. The everyday drama of a young and beautiful girl in a “colored scarf thrown on her braids”, past whom a train rushes by, this symbol of cruel indifference and elusive happiness. The girl’s fate becomes a sad page in the history of the country, the fate of Russia itself.
The evolution of the theme of the homeland in the poetry of A. Blok
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok is a brilliant poet of the 20th century, one of the most outstanding representatives of Russian symbolism. His poems fascinate with their swiftness, expressiveness, and unusual colorfulness. Anna Andreevna Akhmatova wrote: “Blok is not only the greatest European poet of the first quarter of the 20th century, but also a man of the era.”
The main theme in the work of Alexander Alexandrovich Blok is the theme of the Motherland. Whatever he wrote about, it was all about Russia. The beginning of this theme is heard in the poems “Autumn Will” and “Rus”. The feeling of spaciousness, infinity, embodied in the images of boundless forests and steppes, rivers, appears in Blok’s poem. The same feeling of spaciousness is born in the images of wind and path. The lyrical hero feels involved in this poverty, and in these distances, and in this open space:
I will cry over the sadness of your fields, I will love your space forever... There are many of us - free, young, stately - Dying without loving... Shelter you in the vast distances! How to live and cry without you! In the poem “Rus,” which was written in 1906, the main thing in the image of the Motherland is mystery. Blok associates Russia with a mysterious beauty who believes in divination.
The country rests in slumber, maintaining a bewitching mystery and fabulousness:
And in the scraps of her rags
In later works, Russia turns from Beloved into Wife: “O my Rus'! My wife!" The word “wife” in Blok’s lyrics has multiple meanings. “Wife” is a poetic ideal, that “Eternal Femininity” that will “save the world.” And also a woman. - this is the wind, this is the space. In this poem (“The River Spreads”) Rus' appears before us in the form of a steppe mare that rushes through blood and dust:
And eternal battle! Rest only in our dreams
Through blood and dust...
The steppe mare flies, flies
And the feather grass crumples...
Stop it!
The frightened clouds are coming,
Sunset in the blood!
Sunset in the blood! Blood flows from the heart!
Cry, heart, cry...
He's galloping!
In the poem “Russia” Blok again confesses his love for his homeland. The poet’s image of the Motherland seems to come to life in the guise of a woman, strong and incredibly beautiful. This image is dynamic, it seems to bifurcate, transition, flow from one channel to another: first it is Russia, then a woman “with robber beauty” and an absurd fate, then again Russia, the Motherland, open spaces - “forest and field”, and then again a woman - “patterned board up to the eyebrows.” The motif of the road, melancholy, but along with it the confidence that the poet’s long-suffering homeland has a future and pride for it runs through the entire poem. Only Blok can love such a Russia and confess to it:
Again, like in the golden years,
Three worn out flapping harnesses,
And the painted knitting needles knit
Into loose ruts...
I want your gray huts,
Your songs are like wind to me, -
Like the first tears of love!
In Blok’s later work, the theme of the homeland began to be associated with the spiritual and moral motive and image of Christ, and not just with the ideal of Eternal Femininity. Often these two images merge:
I understood your height:
Yes. You are my native Galilee
And let someone else caress you,
Let the wild rumors multiply:
The Son of Man does not know
Where to bow his head.
The image of Christ in Blok’s work is, on the one hand, lyrical, and on the other, epic and folk. Blok speaks about such a Christ in the poem “Motherland”:
Grandfathers chopped down a hot frame
In the image of Christ, the news of which comes from dark Russia, there is no humility; he brings retribution
Carrying frightened Russia
The news of the burning Christ.
"New America". If in Blok’s early work we see a poor, impoverished Russia, now we see a Russia that was able to rise, gain the necessary power, and stand on a par with the advanced states. The author seriously thought about what role national industry could play in Russia’s “great birth for you.” “The future of Russia,” he wrote, “lies in the barely touched forces of the people and underground wealth.” In the last stanzas, the brilliant poet says that the fossil riches of the homeland will help its renewal:
Black coal is an underground messiah,
Black coal is the king and the groom,
The coal groans and the salt turns white,
And the iron ore howls...
However, idealization of the image of the Motherland is alien to Blok. During the period of patriotic upsurge, at the beginning of the war, when patriotic anthems were heard everywhere, the poet wrote a poem that shocked everyone with its directness - “Sin shamelessly, heartlessly...” Terrible, ugly images paint pictures of a spiritually wretched life, a life of sin, drunkenness, hypocrisy and hypocrisy. These are churches with “spit-stained floors”, icons in poor frames. And the one who left “a copper penny” in the church will deceive someone with that same penny. The one who bowed will push the “hungry dog” away from the door with his foot, will drink tea “under the lamp by the icon” and count the money from the “pot-bellied chest of drawers”, and then will forget himself on the feather beds in a “heavy sleep”. Ugly, scary picture:
And under the lamp by the icon
Drink tea while clicking the bill,
Then salivate the coupons,
The pot-bellied one opened the chest of drawers,
And down feather beds
Yes, and so, my Russia,
You are dearer to me from all over the world.
nobody. This is true love, love not “thanks to”, but “in spite of”, love not for something, but just like that. This is truly love. And in this boundless love, Alexander Alexandrovich Blok became a great national poet, a symbolist poet, a poet whose name will remain on everyone’s lips for a long time, a poet who had the right to speak on behalf of the generation: “We are the children of the strange years of Russia.”
A joyful holiday, a great holiday,
Yes, the star is not visible because of the clouds...
You are standing under a wild snowstorm,
Fatal, native country.
A. Blok
The theme of the Motherland, Russia, has always been leading in the work of A. Blok, who inextricably linked his destiny with the life of his native country. But the poet’s attitude towards Russia changed in the process of his formation, changes in his views and aspirations.
In A. Blok’s early poems “Autumn Will” and “Rus”, Russia appears to us as a country with a rich past that permeates its present, but wretched and impoverished, “where a blizzard violently sweeps up to the roof - fragile housing,” where
All the paths and all the crossroads are exhausted by a living stick, And the whirlwind whistling in the bare twigs Sings the legends of antiquity...
This is a country not only of riotous fun, vast distances and open spaces, but also of prisons, taverns, cemeteries - that is, human poverty and suffering. However, the poet accepts it even as imperfect, admires the pristine nature, and plunges into its secrets and mysteries.
Rus' is girded by rivers and surrounded by wilds, with swamps and cranes, and with the dull gaze of a sorcerer.
In Blok’s early poems, Russia is dormant, but it is also “extraordinary in a dream,” since the faith of “diverse peoples” and “legends of antiquity” is alive in it. For the poet this is the Motherland,
Where sorcerers and sorcerers enchant the grains in the fields, and witches amuse themselves with devils in the snow pillars of the road.
Despite its deep sleep, poverty, rags, the “native country” gave life and hope to its talented, spiritually rich people, and nurtured the poet himself.
You rocked a living soul, Rus', in its vastness, And now - it did not sully the Original purity.
In A. Blok’s later poems about the Motherland, Russia literally awakens from its slumber and, believing in its own strength, rushes forward. The poet feels this awakened power and, despite the fact that the huts are still gray and the country is poor, he understands that it is no longer possible to feel sorry for her - she can stand up for herself, even if some sorcerer manages to take possession of her. robber beauty":
Let him lure and deceive, - You will not be lost, you will not perish, And only care will cloud Your beautiful features... Well, then? One more care - One tear makes the river noisier, And you are still the same - forest, yes field, Yes, patterned cloth up to the eyebrows...
Blok feels that for such a country everything “impossible is possible”; even a long road is easy for it, since the dangers and hardships of the path cannot frighten it - too much bitter and sad things are left behind. Material from the site
Behind the snows, forests, steppes, I cannot see Your face. Is it just a terrible expanse before your eyes, an incomprehensible expanse without end?A. Blok sees the future prosperity of the country in the development of industry, which will be able to turn Russia’s potential natural resources into actively used ones, which will transform the country, lift it out of dirt and poverty, and elevate it to the level of the advanced states of the world.
The coal groans, and the salt turns white, and the iron ore howls... Then over the empty steppe a new star of America lit up for me!
That is why the poet is so happy about “cities of workers’ shacks,” the sights of factory chimneys and multi-tiered factory buildings, and the groans of factory whistles. With pride and delight, A. Blok sees how his native country is trying to throw off the shackles of poverty, rushing towards a new dream - powerful and strong:
In the deserted expanse, in the wild, You are still the same as you were, and not the same, You turned into a new face for me, And another dream excites me...
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Blok argued that the theme of the Motherland is central to him, and he “consciously and irrevocably” devotes his life to it. But in different periods of creativity, the image of the Motherland changed. The evolution of the theme can be traced in the poems “Rus” and “Russia”
In the poem “Rus” by Blok, the image of Rus' of beliefs and legends, ancient traditions appears. This is a fabulous, magical, mysterious country. It is imbued with images of folk poetics, filled with its own mythology, and demonic mythology: sorcerers, sorcerers, witches, devils.
Associations are born with the plots of folk songs: “Where a blizzard violently sweeps up to the roof - fragile housing, and a girl sharpens a blade under the snow against an evil friend.” At the same time, the image of Rus' is static. It is no coincidence that the state of sleep: “... And behind the slumber there is a mystery, and in the mystery Rus' rests.” The feeling of mystery gives a certain conventionality to the image.
The poem resembles a song; melody arises from assonant sound. Only one brushstroke reminds us of real Russia - the poverty of our native country and the shreds of its rags. The image exudes primordial strength and purity.
Then we will analyze the poem “Russia”. The poem gives an image of impoverished Russia, an image that gravitates towards a real image. Hence the subject line: “loose ruts”, “gray huts”, forest, field. At the same time, the poet does not abandon symbols, but they work to a greater extent to create a Russian flavor. For example, "three
worn-out harnesses flutter” - the symbolic image of the Russian troika.
The image of the Motherland correlates with the feminine principle: “your beautiful features”, “patterned scarf up to the eyebrows”, “instant glance from under the scarf”. Unlike Rus', Russia is in motion, so it is accompanied by the image of a road: a troika, a rut, a coachman’s song. The poet loves Russia: “Your wind songs are like the first tears of love!” In the poet's feeling for the Motherland
there is no pity. The cross that the lyrical hero carries is one in two. Russia and the lyrical hero are moving along the same path.
This is how the theme of the Motherland is woven into the theme of the journey. This path of the country, this movement, is clearly reflected in the cycle “On the Kulikovo Field”. For
poet The Battle of Kulikovo was a symbolic event in Russian history. The poem “The river spreads out, flows, lazily sad and washes the banks...” is analyzed.
What impression does this poem make? What images appear in it, why does the author use them? How is the image of Rus' concretized in the poem? Follow the pace of the poem. What is happening to him, why?
Why does the image of an enemy world arise? Which image becomes central? Why does the author pay so much attention to movement?
From the very beginning of the poem, the author paints a spatial picture of Russia. This is an image of a sprawling river, its banks, a yellow cliff and the steppe. Spatial images prepare the reader for movement, although in the first line this movement is slow, and in the third line it is shortened compared to the first (iambic pentameter instead of hexameter).
An image of Rus' appears, filling the steppe space. Rus' is given in the guise of a beloved woman - a wife: “Oh, my Rus'! My wife!" The motive of the path appears: “The long path is painfully clear to us.” The words “our path with the arrow of the ancient Tatar will pierced our chest” clarifies that we are talking about the historical path of Russia. An inevitable movement begins.
In the second stanza, the author breaks up long lines with pauses and exclamation marks. Images of the enemy world and battle appear: “In the steppe smoke the holy banner and the steel of the Khan’s saber will flash.” An alarming premonition is born from the fires that illuminate the steppe distance. There is a feeling of the fate of the battle.
The motif of anxiety, rapid movement towards one’s fate reaches its climax in the image of a steppe mare flying “through the blood and dust” of battles: “And eternal battle! Rest only in our dreams". She resembles movement
Gogol's troika. There is something fatal and disastrous in the image of the steppe mare: “Sunset in the blood! Blood flows from the heart."
In A. Blok’s lyrics, the theme of the Motherland was the leading one. Love for Russia remained unshakable throughout the poet’s life. Using the example of Blok’s early (“Autumn Will”, “Rus”) and later (“Russia”, “New America”) poems, one can trace the evolution of the theme of the Motherland in his work.
So, in his early works, the poet presents Russia as a poor country: “So - I recognized in my slumber / the poverty of my native country, / And in the flaps of its rags / I hide the nakedness of my soul.” Also, the poems are dominated by pictures of vast nature, which Blok sincerely values and admires.
It is easy to notice that the poet associates Russia with a mysterious beautiful girl and is also not devoid of mystery, shrouded in mystery. You can often find folklore images: “Where sorcerers and sorcerers / Enchant the grains in the fields / And witches amuse themselves with devils / In the road snow pillars.”
Despite all the imperfections of the Motherland, Blok sincerely loves her.
The poet was firmly attached to her and to her nature. The lyrical hero is always inseparable from the Motherland, so beloved and so dear to the heart, although it is poor and imperfect. In Blok’s early poems, Russia is dormant, but it is also “extraordinary in a dream.”
In his later poems, Blok still does not seek to idealize Russia, he shows it as it is. She is still represented by a girl (“And you are still the same - a forest and a field, / Yes, a patterned cloth up to the eyebrows”), still the same beggar (“Russia, beggar Russia, / Your gray huts are to me, / Your wind songs are to me, - / Like the first tears of love!”), but the poet loves her with all his heart. Now only Russia is not asleep. Industry flourished, as reflected in the poem “New America.” Russia has become more powerful, its appearance is changing a little, but Blok’s love for it remains unchanged. He admires the new Russia, it was able to rise and join the ranks of the advanced countries of the world: “Then over the empty steppe the star lit up / For me a new star of America!”
In the poem “The Twelve,” the poet discovered a new image of Russia and demonstrates the collapse of the old world. The revolutionary Motherland is now following Christ, which may mean the beginning of a new religion, symbolizing a new life. The poem is imbued with world-historical significance. Blok considered it the pinnacle of his creativity.
So, I came to the conclusion that throughout his life, in his lyrics, Blok reflected love for the Motherland, no matter how he imagined it - beggar, wretched or vast, beautiful. In his boundless love for Russia, Blok became a great national poet.