We use warm plaster for the facade of the house. Selection and preparation of warm plaster for exterior and interior use Warm gypsum plaster for interior use

Many people today wonder what warm plaster is and what purposes it is suitable for. this material and how to work with it. Let's start with the fact that these products have not been on the domestic market of construction and finishing materials for long.

So, warm plaster is a mixture made on the basis of the simplest cement. But, unlike ordinary cement mortar, sand is not added to the composition. Instead of him other ingredients are used:

• Expanded clay chips;
• Perlite sand;
• Expanded polystyrene granules;
• Powder made from pumice, etc.

What types of warm plaster are there?

If you are interested in what warm plaster is, you should keep in mind that it can be different. There are many types, now we will talk about most popular of them.

• Among all the varieties of warm plaster, one can note the composition, which contains expanded vermiculite. Expanded vermiculite is a mineral lightweight aggregate that is obtained through heat treatment to which vermiculite rock is subjected. If you need warm plaster for exterior work, it’s time to pay attention to just such products. And if you don’t want to look for other worthy options, other uses of the material are also possible. For example, this warm plaster for interior work will also do. Quite decent, versatile construction material. Among the advantages of vermiculite are excellent antiseptic properties.
• If we consider popular types warm plaster, one cannot ignore the “sawdust mixture”. This substance contains sawdust, as well as particles of clay, cement, and even paper. That is why it is not recommended to use warm sawdust plaster for exterior work. On the contrary, the mixture is most often purchased specifically as a warm plaster for interior work - any specialist will confirm this.

Sawdust plaster is an ideal product for covering brick (concrete) and wooden surfaces. It is recommended that the room be regularly ventilated while the sawdust plaster is drying. It takes approximately two weeks for the composition to dry. If the doors and windows are closed in the room, mold and mildew may appear on the surface - be sure to take this into account.

• People who want to buy warm plaster always pay attention to a type of material that contains expanded polystyrene foam granules. This plaster contains not only polystyrene foam - here you will also find cement, various fillers and additives, and lime. You need warm plaster for the facade - this option is well suited, however, it is also often used for indoor work.

Since it is the last version of plaster (with polystyrene foam granules in the composition) that is the most common (which cannot be said about other types), we will consider it in detail within the framework of this material. All comparisons with other materials will also be made specifically for this type.

Warm plaster and its areas of application

Let's look at the industries where this material is used today. Anyway, manufacturers recommend following:

• Finishing of facades and their thermal insulation;
• Soundproofing of internal and external walls on existing buildings, as well as additional insulation;
• Insulation of walls if well masonry is used;
• Insulation of slopes of door and window blocks in those places where they are adjacent to the walls;
• Insulation of cold and hot water supply risers, sewer risers;
• For internal finishing works(as a sound insulator and insulation);
• It is recommended to use warm plaster for insulation ceilings and floors.

External finishing of the facade with warm plaster

Let's talk in more detail about How effective is the material? by doing exterior finishing house facades.

1. Warm plaster for the facade will be heavier than all others possible types– up to ten times or more. Consequently, such a wall most likely requires a more solid foundation;
2. If it is assumed that the facade insulation structure will have a plaster layer over the insulation, the thickness of the insulation usually varies from 50 to 100 mm (depending on the thickness load-bearing wall, desired temperature inside and climate zone). If you pay attention to what the thermal conductivity coefficient is, then everything is clear - in order to achieve similar indicators, the layer of warm plaster should be one and a half to two times thicker.

In other words, a layer of warm plaster will have to be made 100-200 mm thick, but the maximum allowed application is only 50 mm - otherwise there will be dumps. Therefore, warm plaster for the facade should be applied on both sides of the wall at once.

Now, based on all of the above, let's consider everything advantages and disadvantages of the material:

pros

• It is applied very quickly (even one plasterer can apply 110-170 sq.m. in a day);
• Can be applied without using reinforcing mesh (in places where there are no cracks or corners);
• There is no need to level the walls if you are going to apply warm plaster;
• The material has excellent stickiness (adhesion) to all other wall materials;
• When installing this insulation, there are no metal connections, so you don’t have to worry about cold bridges;
• Rodents will never settle in a wall that is insulated with warm plaster;

For more information about the advantages of warm plaster (including for insulating facades), watch the video material. Perhaps you will get answers to all your questions after watching.

Disadvantages of warm plaster

• The composition is not a finishing coating - not only a primer, but also a decorative layer of plaster should be applied to the surface of warm plaster;
• The required layer of insulation is thicker than when insulating with polystyrene foam or cotton wool (approximately one and a half to two times).

Based on all of the above, let’s talk about where it’s really worth using “warm” plaster.

• When sealing different joints, cracks in the walls, ceilings of the house;
• As additional insulation, but this is already for internal work - that is, you will need warm internal plaster (in a situation where work cannot be done outside - when, for example, there is already an expensive cladding that will definitely deteriorate during disassembly);
• Warm plaster is often used to insulate the base;
• When finishing window slopes, the material is also often used.

Applying warm plaster - technology

Before work, the wall surface is prepared in the same way as before applying simple cement-based plaster. That is, all dust is removed, as well as the remains of other solutions. If necessary, the surface is treated with special deep-penetrating impregnations, or simply strengthened with a plaster mesh.

It is important that the surface of the wall, which will be insulated with warm plaster, is thoroughly moistened with water before starting all work.

1. When the composition is prepared for use, the entire package is poured into a container (its volume must be at least 50 liters);
2. Next, add water in the amount indicated on the packaging of warm plaster;
3. Everything is thoroughly mixed using a mixer;
4. The resulting mixture must be used within 120 minutes from the moment of preparation.

How to check whether the required consistency has been obtained or not? It's simple here:

• Scoop up the solution using a trowel and turn it over;
• If the mortar holds well on the trowel and does not fall off, it means that the plaster is completely ready for use;
• Ready-made plaster can be applied either by machine or by hand.

To avoid any difficulties when applying warm plaster, pay attention to the video: applying warm plaster. The lesson will be useful for both specialists and novice renovators.

What they look like subsequent work:

• The plaster mixture is applied using ordinary plastering tools (trowel, spatula, float, etc.) in several layers;
• The thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm;
• Each subsequent layer should be applied no earlier than 4 hours after the previous one was applied;
• If on the street high level humidity, and the air temperature is lower (especially in the autumn season), the drying time of the layer increases;
• It is customary to apply the solution only to the surface that has been leveled and primed;
• Apply warm plaster with a wide spatula, this is done strictly from the bottom up;
• It is impossible to apply a thick layer of plaster at a time - this may simply cause the mortar to slip;
• Check and acceptance plastering works usually carried out about three to four weeks after all the work has been done.

Common mistakes when applying warm plaster

It is not difficult to guess that during such work certain mistakes are often made - especially when the work is performed by novice specialists or simply amateurs. Consider this moment in more detail:

1. If peeling is observed, it means you made some mistake during work;
2. If the applied composition begins to crack;
3. If the geometry of the room changes due to the fact that the layer of warm plaster is too thick.

How to check the “geometric” quality of the plastering work that you have completed? This work requires a plumb line, as well as a two-meter rule, and a bubble level. Everything is checked simply: a two-meter rule is applied to the surface (as a rule, an aluminum strip is used as such a tool). If gaps are detected, it means that there are irregularities in the geometry.

It is important that deviations from the horizontal (or vertical) of the plastered surface are not more than 3 mm per meter.

About material consumption

What can we say about material consumption? Everybody is here quite understandable:

• For each square meter the surface takes from 10 to 14 kg, if the desired layer thickness is 25 mm;
• If the desired layer thickness is 50 mm, then the consumption is 18-25 kg per square meter;
• 1 square meter of wall insulation with warm plaster will cost you $40 (the information will be useful for those who want to buy such plaster) - with a layer thickness of 25 mm;
• If you turn to specialists to do the work, you will have to pay up to $15 or more for each square meter.

• To insulate “airborne noise” using warm plaster (this could be noise from a TV, conversations, the sound of a car engine), the material must have a fibrous structure. In addition, it must be ventilated. The effective thickness here starts from 0.5 cm;
• To insulate “impact noise” - knocks, falling objects, sounds of footsteps, the material must have elasticity (like rubber).

Warm plaster does not meet either the first or the second requirement, so all data on excellent sound insulation performance is most likely slightly overestimated.

For some work, warm plaster (facade, interior decoration) is indeed often used and this is quite justified. But its use is not always advisable - in many cases you can limit yourself to completely different materials or insulation and get either the same or a more impressive result.

Be sure to take this into account when performing finishing or repairs - in order to protect yourself from unpleasant surprises in the future.

Warm plaster appeared on the sales market not so long ago. But for some jobs it will simply not be replaceable.

Today we will look at warm plasters, you will learn their use and instructions on the rules of application will be given. Also in the video in this article you can see the range of products offered and you will be able to make the right choice.

Types of material

Types of warm plaster are divided according to the options for using the components.

By looking we can see the following:

• The basis of one of the types of warm plaster is expanded vermiculite, which is a mineral additive obtained as a result of special heat treatment of rock of volcanic origin. Vermiculite fillers have antiseptic properties and can be used both outdoors and indoors.
• The basis the following type thermal insulation plaster consists of paper, sawdust, clay and cement. This composition does not allow its use outside buildings, but is excellent for indoor use.

High price utilities and energy resources can push owners of apartments and country real estate to carry out additional work over wall insulation. One of the options for increasing the thermal properties of such bases is the use of special warm plaster. What is it and what kind of coating is there - read about all this in our article.

Thermal insulating plaster: types and features

In the formulations of warm plasters, some of the components of conventional leveling compounds are replaced with materials that can be used to enhance the thermal insulation properties of the hardened mortar. For example, quartz sand or part of it is replaced with perlite, vermiculite, polystyrene foam, etc. additives in in bulk form. Cement or gypsum can be used as a binder. In the first case, the finished composition is suitable for external and interior decoration, in the second - only for interior work due to the high hygroscopicity of gypsum.

The main part of dry mixes presented on the domestic market is perlite plaster. Expanded perlite is used as a filler, which in appearance may resemble coarse sand or small gravel of a grayish-white color. The material is quite light - bulk density is around 200-400 kg per cubic meter. m. depending on the grain size. It is somewhat lower for expanded vermiculite. The density of this additive to plaster is approximately 100 kg per cubic meter. m. (bulk). Another property that must be taken into account when using thermal insulation solutions is the high hygroscopicity of hardened coatings. The hygroscopicity of the material is up to 5 volumes of water per 1 volume of expanded component.

Despite the high water absorption coefficients, vermiculite and perlite plasters can be used for external insulation of a building. The main thing is that they are not directly exposed to precipitation, and the steam passing through the walls of the house does not linger in the coating.

The low density of the solution components ensures a reduction in the mass of the finished coating, which can be taken into account when designing a house. There is an opportunity to reduce the load on the foundation and rely on a cheaper foundation for construction.

A short video about plaster based on polystyrene foam.

Two videos on how to prepare warm plaster with vermiculite.

Plaster Teplon (GK Unis)

You've probably heard about this finishing material like Teplon plaster. This is a ready-to-mix dry mixture based on gypsum binder. A special feature of the composition is the addition of perlite, a porous rock of volcanic origin. It is this additive that gives the manufacturer the right to call their plaster warm. Teplon mixtures can be used for interior decoration. The coating turns out to be relatively light, allows you to level the base and give it additional sound and thermal insulation properties.

Types and technical characteristics

At the time of writing the review, the company produced four types of plasters under the Teplon brand. Moreover, three of them are intended for finishing dry rooms and actually have some thermal insulation properties, and the fourth, moisture-resistant modification is not positioned as “warm” (the thermal conductivity coefficient is not specified for it).

Remember that such coatings are highly hygroscopic, so we can talk about the advisability of their use only if the humidity in the room is normal. We are talking about “warm” compositions. And do not forget that you need to insulate the walls from the outside, not from the inside. Accordingly, using completely different materials.

To be fair, we note that the thermal conductivity coefficient of Teplon plaster is 0.23 W/(m×°C), and thermal insulation materials such as extruded polystyrene foam regular foam and mineral wool – 0.029÷0.032, 0.038÷0.047, 0.036÷0.055 W/(m×°C), respectively. And we remember that the lower this value, the better the heat-shielding properties are characteristic for the same thickness of the material. What does it mean? And the fact that achieving the same thermal protection of walls when using warm Teplon plaster is more difficult than when installing a special thermal insulation material.

Work technology

1. Requirements for temperature and humidity conditions for work are standard: from +5 to +30 ° C at relative humidity up to 75%. Because All brands of Teplon plaster are produced using gypsum binder, then the condition of the base must be appropriate: clean, dry, without damaged or poorly adhering parts of the wall material. The working surface is primed with concrete active (for smooth concrete foundations) or soil deep penetration(For cellular concrete and other hygroscopic materials). Subsequent operations begin after the soil has dried.
2. Installation of plaster beacons is carried out according to the standard scheme; only the appropriate brand of Teplon solution is used to attach the beacons.
3. To obtain a solution of the desired consistency, add a kilogram of powder for every 450-550 ml of water. When using a moisture-resistant brand of water, take less - 160-220 ml. Mix using a special mixer or a puncher with a stirrer. After this, the mass is left alone for 5 minutes. and mix again. The further fate of the plaster is determined by the value of its viability.
4. The resulting composition is applied to the walls manually or mechanically (for the MN composition) in a layer 5-50 mm thick. The thickness of the ceiling covering is less - 5-30 mm.
5. An hour after mixing the solution, the layer of plaster is trimmed along the beacons using the rule. At this stage, all coating defects are corrected: depressions, bumps, waves, etc.
6. If it is necessary to apply a layer with a thickness of more than 50 mm, then this is done in several stages: layer by layer, after the previous coating has hardened, treated with a primer and over a plaster mesh.
7. On final stage surface glossing is possible. It is started 2 hours after trimming the set mortar. The coating is wetted clean water, rub with a special sponge grater, and the emerging milk is smoothed out with a wide spatula.

Umka

Some plaster mixtures Umka is also positioned as warm: UB-21, UF-2, UB-212. In addition to heat and sound insulation properties, the manufacturer is distinguished by the environmental friendliness of the compositions, their hydrophobic properties, non-flammability and frost resistance.

All work is carried out in almost the same order as for Unis products. Because in essence it is a similar product.

Below is short video about Umka plaster.

bear

Warm plaster The bear is suitable for finishing walls made of any materials, both for external and internal work. The thermal conductivity declared by the manufacturer is 0.065 W/(m×°C) - the same as for Umka UB-21 products, which gives rise to some thoughts on this matter. 7 kg of dry mixture is mixed with approximately 3-3.3 liters of water, the solution consumption is approximately 3.5-4 kg/m2 at a 10 mm layer. The cost of a bag (7 kg) is approximately 650 rubles.

Knauf Grünband

Another option for a ready-made mixture from famous manufacturer. You can read more about it.

Making warm perlite plaster with your own hands

You probably already noticed that all compositions for warm plaster contain components that determine their thermal insulation properties. Most often it is perlite or vermiculite; mixtures with expanded polystyrene are also found. It is their low thermal conductivity coefficients that allow, on average, to obtain good values ​​for finished coatings. By using such additives together with or instead of certain fillers, such as sand, as well as binders such as gypsum or cement, you can be sure of mixing a mixture with the desired properties.

Unfortunately, prices for ready-made mixtures don't inspire confidence. What if you prepare the solution yourself?! Moreover, individual components, such as cement, perlite, lime, are relatively inexpensive. For example, a ton of M500 cement can be bought for 3000-4000 rubles, 20 kg bags of slaked lime - 170 rubles each, perlite (grades M75 or M100) - approximately 1500-2000 rubles. per cubic meter If the amount of work is large and the budget for implementation is limited, then it’s time to get creative. We offer you several recipes for making warm perlite plaster with your own hands.

• 1 part cement to 1 part sand and 4 parts perlite (calculated by volume) is mixed with water until the required consistency is obtained (thick sour cream);
• the proportions of cement and perlite by volume are 1 to 4. So, for 375 kg of cement you will need approximately 1 cubic meter perlite sand. The mixture is mixed with 300 liters of water; PVA glue can be used as a plasticizing additive in a volume of 4-5 liters. The glue is mixed in water, to which a dry mixture of perlite and cement is subsequently added;
• the volumetric ratio of cement and perlite is 1 to 5. For 290 liters of water, use 4-4.5 liters of PVA, 300 kg of cement and a cube of perlite;
  - by volume: 1 portion of cement, 2 portions of sand and 3 portions of perlite. Can be used as a supplement liquid soap or PVA in an amount of no more than 1% by weight of cement;
• 270 liters of water will require a cube of perlite and 190 kg of cement;
• 1 volume of cement, 4 volumes of perlite, approximately 0.1% by weight of cement, PVA glue;
• the volume ratio of cement to perlite is in the range of 1:4÷1:8. The additive can be liquid soap, dishwashing detergent, PVA - up to 1% by weight of cement;
• pre-prepare the mixing solution (hereinafter referred to as RZ): dissolve the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in a measured volume of water in a volume of 0.5% of the expected volume of warm plaster, as well as plasticizers - 0.5% by weight of the subsequently added cement. All components are thoroughly mixed and the solution is allowed to settle until the viscosity of the CMC increases. Further variations are possible depending on what density the plaster needs to be obtained (bucket - 10 l). For example, for 12 liters of RZ add 12 liters of cement, 2 buckets of perlite, 2.5 buckets of sand (the density of the resulting solution is approximately 1500 kg per cubic meter). For the same volume of RP, 1.5 buckets of sand, 3 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of cement are poured - a mixture with a density of 1200 kg per cube is obtained. For 20 liters you can mix about 5 buckets of perlite, 1 bucket of sand, 12 liters of cement - we get a solution with a density of about 800-900 kg per cubic meter

All these PVA and liquid soap can be replaced with superplasticizers, for example, from Poliplast. This component is very important, because it determines the behavior of the solution and the mixture’s need for the volume of mixing water.

You must understand that any recipes are given for guidance only. To achieve success, you will have to experiment with the ratio of components and test the resulting solutions in operation. And only after the mixture is ideal for your finishing conditions, you can mix large volumes. Special attention Pay attention to the water absorption capacity of thermal insulation components. They actively retain moisture, which, if there is a lack of mixing water, can affect the technology of hardening the cement mixture.

Finally

If you do not perceive warm plaster as the only solution for insulating a residential building, but only as an opportunity to bring the thermal characteristics of the building to the required values, the result will not be long in coming. Using such a solution, you can simultaneously level the base and give it new properties. And don’t be afraid to experiment with making your own plaster – it will cost less than buying ready-made mixtures!

The material with such a “warm” name is nothing more than a clay-cement mixture, the basis of which is cement mortar. And besides this, several types of fillers are added there. Instead of the usual sand, they use perlite (a material made from volcanic glass), vermiculite (intumescent mica), and also in the composition you can find pumice powder, expanded clay chips, sawdust, paper, clay and some other components.

Many people also call warm plaster “drying” due to its high porosity. This plaster demonstrates excellent performance, for which good thermal protection is valued.

The most popular brands of warm plaster

1. Houncliffe;
2. Termoum;
3. Knauf Grünband;
4. Izolteko.

Varieties:

Depending on the type of warm plaster, the areas of its application vary slightly. But we can definitely say that in winter time This heat insulator will allow you to save on electricity bills, and in summer, in hot weather, it will serve as air conditioning.

Main technical characteristics

1. Thermal conductivity coefficient 0.063 W/m C;
2. Density 200-300 kg/m3;
3. Water absorption by mass 70%

In principle, by analyzing even these characteristics and comparing them with mineral wool, polystyrene foam and polystyrene foam, then we can conclude that warm plaster is heavier. And to obtain the same thermal insulation effect that the above materials provide, warm plaster must be applied in a much thicker layer. But the thickness of the applied layer should not exceed the maximum permissible value, otherwise it will simply fall off.

The only way out is to apply two layers on each side, respectively - external and internal. But, nevertheless, we can confidently talk about both the advantages and disadvantages.

Main advantages

In some publications you can find information that warm plaster is an excellent soundproofing layer. It can be said with authority that this is exaggerated.

Plaster does not have the necessary elasticity so that it can dampen the noise from falling objects - the so-called “impact noise”. Also, warm plaster does not have fibrous structure and the “blowability” indicator, which are necessary for the material to be called a good sound insulator. And the layer should be quite impressive - from 50 mm. In the case of warm plaster, it is not correct to talk about this.

Flaws

1. If warm plaster is not made on the basis of polystyrene foam, then it cannot be used as a finishing coating. Both a layer of primer and a layer of plaster are required;
2. The consumer has not yet gotten used to its somewhat high cost compared, for example, with mineral wool. Although those who have already taken a risk and tried are more than satisfied with the result, stating that such a house does not need large batteries even in cold winter;
3. requires a thicker layer to provide the necessary insulation than traditionally used thermal insulation materials;
4. Due to its higher density compared to other materials, insulation with warm plaster requires a powerful foundation, as the load increases. Of course, it’s difficult to say unequivocally that this is a drawback, but nevertheless.

Where is it used?

The main task of warm plaster is to provide good thermal insulation and create favorable conditions for indoor living. Its scope of application is mainly construction:

1. depending on the variety, warm plaster can serve as finishing layer For façade walls, and for internal insulation. Warm plaster, containing polystyrene foam granules, is often used to restore the facades of old buildings;
2. with its help it is very convenient and easy to insulate door and window slopes precisely in those places where they are adjacent to the walls;
3. insulating layer for floor and ceiling;
4. insulation of seams in panel houses, which will protect them from freezing due to leaking water;
5. insulation of water supply systems, both hot and cold.

Rules for working with warm plaster

To obtain good result you need to apply warm plaster correctly, you need to prepare the walls - remove dust, possible residues of other solutions, and if necessary, treat them with deeply absorbing impregnations. In some cases it can be strengthened reinforcement mesh. Before proceeding, the walls where the plaster will be applied must be thoroughly moistened with water.

It should be noted right away that the plaster prepared for work cannot be stored. It must be used all at once and preferably within 2 hours. It is quite simple to prepare it - it is poured out of the bag and diluted with the specified amount of water or plasticizer (or both together). Mix the composition with a mixer, and check readiness is also simple - turn the trowel with the mixture over. When finished, the plaster will not fall off. It is applied using a spatula, grater, trowel, etc.

The thickness of each applied layer should not exceed 20 mm, otherwise the solution will slide. The intervals between applying layers should be at least 4 hours. But if indoors high humidity or low temperature, then the time should be increased. And the final work should be accepted no earlier than after 3-4 weeks. You can then visually inspect whether there is any peeling or cracking.

It is also necessary to check the quality of work in terms of compliance with the correct geometry, using a plumb line bubble level and a two-meter rule. The rule is applied to the surface and checked to see if there are gaps. The minimum acceptable tolerance for deviation from the vertical or horizontal surface with good performance cannot exceed 3 mm per 1 meter.

Many people consider warm plaster as additional thermal insulation, so in order to get from it maximum effect, use it in combination with conventional insulation materials. This is especially important if warm plaster is not suitable for external works. Although there are cases when it was also used as the main thermal insulation layer.

It was necessary to slightly change the composition of the usual one, and completely new material- warm plaster. Manufacturers attribute unique qualities to it and claim that the material can be used as an independent product. So what is this true or just another tricky one marketing ploy? How to choose the right warm plaster for the facade and interior work, how to apply it, and in what cases can the material really be used as a full-fledged heat insulator?

No. 1. Composition of warm plaster

Warm plaster was named thanks to its low thermal conductivity compared to usual plaster compositions. Similar results were achieved by replacing conventional ones with special heat-insulating additives.

Warm plaster contains the following components::

Usually the material is supplied in the form of a dry mixture, and before application it is enough to dilute it with water. Craftsmen prepare warm plaster on their own, but the composition “works” in any case according to one principle: heat-insulating additives, together with air bubbles, create a powerful barrier to the cold. Tests show that a layer of warm plaster of 5 cm is equivalent in thermal insulation to a wall of two.

The thermal conductivity coefficient of the material is about 0.063 W/m* 0 C. This indicator is somewhat worse than that of extruded polystyrene foam and even, which introduces some features into its use. In regions with cold winters, warm plaster cannot be used as independent thermal insulation - it is usually applied as an additional layer of insulation and plays vital role in the elimination of “cold bridges” that arise during the installation of tiles and roll insulation. In areas with mild winters warm plaster can even be used as the only thermal insulation material, but much depends on the thickness and material of the walls. In the future, we will check all this in calculations.

No. 2. Advantages and disadvantages of warm plaster

Warm plaster has become widespread due to its significant benefits:

Now about shortcomings:

No. 3. Types of warm plaster fillers

The properties and scope of use of warm plaster are greatly influenced by the type of filler. The following materials can be used:

• sawdust. The composition of sawdust warm plaster, except directly sawdust, also includes clay, paper and cement. The use of such “gentle” and sensitive to negative factors external environment components does not allow the use of the composition for insulating the facade, but for interior work such warm plaster is excellent, especially since it can be applied even to wooden base. Internal thermal insulation will improve efficiency;
• crushed perlite are obtained from obsidian, which, when treated at high temperatures, swells with the formation of a mass of air bubbles inside, which increases the thermal insulation properties of the material. The only negative is increased hygroscopicity, so this plaster needs reliable waterproofing;
• expanded vermiculite obtained from mica, the material can withstand a wide range of temperatures, has antiseptic properties, is lightweight, absolutely resistant to fire, can be used for exterior and interior decoration, but just like perlite, it is afraid of moisture, and therefore requires enhanced protection;
  
• balls from foam glass obtained from foamed quartz sand. This is the most preferred material for filling warm plaster, as it is not afraid of moisture, fire, has good thermal insulation qualities, can be used for facade and interior work, does not shrink;
• In addition to vermiculite, perlite and foam glass, they are also used as mineral fillers expanded clay chips and pumice powder. These materials cannot boast of high moisture resistance and are inferior to their analogues in many other qualities, therefore they are used infrequently;
• expanded polystyrene used in warm plasters together with cement, lime and some other additives. These are relatively inexpensive compositions for universal use, but due to the flammability of polystyrene foam, they are not used so often. In addition, the surface of the plaster is too soft and therefore requires mandatory finishing.
  

No. 4. Calculation of the thickness of the layer of warm plaster

To determine whether warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation material, you will have to perform a simple calculation, taking into account the region where the house is located, the thickness and material of the walls:

• calculation begins with determining the value normalized heat transfer resistance of the external walls of the house. This is a tabular value, predetermined regulatory documents(for Russia - SNiP 23-02-2003). For Moscow, according to the table, this value is 3.28 m 2 * 0 C/W, for Krasnodar – 2.44 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• define heat transfer resistance of house walls, for which we need to divide the wall thickness by the thermal conductivity coefficient of the material. Let's do the calculation for two houses. One is located in Moscow and is built from, the wall thickness is 0.5 m, the thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.58 W/m 0 C, so the heat transfer resistance is 0.86 m 2 * 0 C/W. The second house is located in Krasnodar and is built from D600, wall thickness is 0.4 m, thermal conductivity coefficient from the table is 0.22 W/m 0 C, heat transfer resistance is 1.82 m 2 * 0 C/W;
• calculation additional insulation. For a house in Moscow this is (3.28-0.86) = 2.42 W/m 0 C. For a house in Krasnodar (2.44-1.82) = 0.62 W/m 0 C;
• calculation layer of warm plaster, its thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.063 W/m* 0 C (maybe a little more - depends on the composition and manufacturer). For a house in Moscow 0.063 * 2.42 = 0.15 m, for a house in Krasnodar 0.063 * 0.62 = 0.04 m. Since it is better not to apply warm plaster in a layer thicker than 5 cm, and it has a decent weight, then for a Moscow house it is better to look for another insulation option, and warm plaster can be used in addition. For a house in Krasnodar, warm plaster can be used as an independent insulation material.

A more accurate calculation can be made if we take into account the heat transfer resistance of all finishing materials. wall materials, and also take into account the number and size of windows and a lot of other parameters. It’s easier to do this in special construction calculators, but you can understand whether warm plaster should be considered as an independent insulation material from the above calculation.

Despite the manufacturer’s assurances and calculations proving the effectiveness of warm plaster, it is not very often used as the main insulation in residential buildings. It is usually used in dachas to eliminate cold bridges, to treat window and doorways. It is better to use insulation on the outside, but if this is not possible, it can also be applied inside so that it complements the external thermal insulation.

No. 5. Manufacturers of warm plaster

You can save money and make warm plaster with your own hands. The most versatile and inexpensive solution is obtained using perlite or vermiculite. It is necessary to mix 4 parts of vermiculite or perlite and 1 part of dry cement. The thoroughly mixed mixture is diluted with a solution of water and a plasticizer. The latter can be purchased at the store, or can be replaced with PVA glue at the rate of 50-60 g of glue per 10 liters of plaster. The mixture is diluted with a water-adhesive composition and constantly stirred for homogeneity. The solution should have a thick consistency. After preparation, it is allowed to sit for 15-20 minutes, and you can begin applying the plaster.

No. 7. Applying warm plaster

The process of applying warm plaster is simple and can be easily done with your own hands:

• getting ready required amount solution;
• the wall is cleaned for better adhesion, but many builders simply moisten the surface with plain water;
• It is better to carry out plastering on beacons, although some neglect this rule. They are used as beacons aluminum profile, which is fixed with putty, the use of prepared plaster is allowed. The evenness of the exposed beacons is checked by the building level;
  
• modern ready-made compositions warm plasters allow you to do without additional mesh reinforcement, but when applying a thick layer of insulation and at corners, the use of mesh is desirable;
• The process of applying warm plaster is not original and is identical. The solution is placed on the trowel with a spatula, after which it is applied to the wall by rubbing movements from bottom to top between the beacons. The surface is leveled by the rule;
  
• within 2 hours after application, the solution remains plastic, so flaws can be easily corrected. During this period, the beacons are removed and the cracks are rubbed with the same solution. If desired, the surface can be treated with a decorative spatula or structural roller for achievement interesting effect. If a smooth surface is required, then after the plaster has dried, it is necessary to apply a thin leveling layer and smooth it with a plastic trowel;
  
• the thickness of one layer should not be more than 2 cm, otherwise the plaster will begin to fall off. If it is necessary to apply it in several layers, then after installing the first one you must wait at least 4 hours. The surface dries completely after 48 hours, then you can begin to paint it. final finishing. If necessary to process large area walls, it is better to use a machine method of applying plaster.

Warm plaster today is used for exterior and interior applications, for insulating facades and ceilings, as well as for sealing cracks and cracks, and for treating window slopes. At proper preparation, application and calculation, the composition fully meets expectations.