How to properly plant snapdragon seedlings. Snapdragon - instructions for growing an elegant flower bed

Snapdragon(Latin name Antirrhinum) is a cute summer plant, which the Russians call “dogs,” Ukrainians call them “mouths,” the British call them “biting dragons,” and the French call them “cleft mouths.” All these names indicate the external resemblance of the plant's flowers to the open mouth of animals. The article will discuss how to plant antirrinum and how to care for it in open ground, that is, in a flower bed. Colorful photos of these interesting flowers and information about when it is best to plant the plant will complete the picture.

Description, varieties and varieties

This plant, covered in myths and legends, has been in cultivation for about 500 years. Thanks to breeders who began work on Antirrium major in the 19th century, there are now about 1000 varieties of the flower.

The plant can be described as follows:

Herbaceous crop (subshrub) with vertical stems from 15 cm to 1 m in height.
The leaves are elongated-oval. Below they are located opposite each other, and in the upper part of the plant - alternately.
U different varieties green tone leaves may vary slightly. The presence of red veins is often noted.
Flowers irregular shape, two-lipped, simple and terry. Endowed with a subtle, pleasant aroma. The color can be one-color or two- or three-color. All qualities depend on the variety.
The fruit of the plant is a two-lobed capsule in which from 5,000 to 8,000 thousand small seeds can ripen.
The first snapdragon buds open in June. Flowering stops in late autumn.

Snapdragon flower

There are several classifications of antirium. The most convenient of them is based on the height of the plants.

Gigantic - stem length 90-130 cm. For example, the Arthur variety is 90 cm high with cherry flowers. XL hybrids of pink and red colors are also popular.
Tall - 90 cm. A series of varieties Rocket with white-yellow graceful flowers and Madame Butterfly with double flowers of various colors are used for cutting.
Average height - 40-60 cm. They stand out from other varieties due to their strong branching. Wildrose - pure pink flowers, Defiance - red-orange with a lilac tint, Ruby - hot pink.
Low varieties - 25-40 cm. Ampelous hybrid Lampion, Ruby Star variety with flowers of the corresponding color, Tip-top - coloring in pastel colors.
Dwarfs - height 15-20 cm. Top-Tumb - a bush in the shape of a sphere with bright yellow flowers, Floral is a group of hybrids with 13 color options.

The difference in height and wide range of colors of plants makes it easy to decorate a flowerbed or container with them.

Growing snapdragons

Before purchasing seeds, you need to decide on the variety. For example, tall plants are suitable for growing outdoors, but balcony boxes Dwarf and ampelous varieties are ideal.

You can collect the seeds yourself, but it should be borne in mind that hybrids do not retain their parental qualities. The collection begins at the time when the boxes in the lower part of the inflorescence are fully ripened. Immature top part green color is removed. Place a simple paper bag over the remains of the flower shoot, hang the plant in a dry place and wait until the seeds begin to fall from the opened boxes.

Snapdragons can be grown on the balcony

This popular flower is grown in two ways:

sowing in the ground;
through seedlings.

The first option is simpler, but it is much more difficult to plan a flower bed. Everything here depends entirely on weather conditions. In the event of prolonged cold weather, some seeds may simply not germinate.

Advice. If it is not possible to grow seedlings, then it is better to cover the flower bed with snapdragon crops with agrospan or polyethylene.

Seeds for seedlings are sown as follows:

A low container, such as a box, is filled with fertile soil. For snapdragons, garden soil, sand and humus in a ratio of 2:1:1 are suitable.
Small brown seeds are scattered evenly over the surface of the soil. Using a sieve, pour them in thin layer soil.
The crops are moistened (preferably from a spray bottle).
The top of the container is covered with film or covered with glass.
The box is placed in a warm place.

Caring for snapdragon seedlings will not cause difficulties

The shelter is immediately removed as soon as seedlings appear and small plants are placed in a well-lit place. Snapdragons are planted in separate containers after about a month. The signal for picking is the formation of two leaves. After the development of 4-5 leaves, the top of the plant needs to be pinched. This will enhance tillering.

How to plant seedlings in a flowerbed and care for the plant in the future

Shortly before planting, the plants are hardened off by exposing the pots with seedlings to fresh air every day.
The flowerbed where the snapdragon is planned to be planted should be located in the sun, without shade. Special requirements no to soil, but loams with a neutral reaction are preferable.

Attention! Seedlings can be planted in a flowerbed only after the onset of stable heat. Even slight frosts can destroy the plant.

Upon landing different varieties The following intervals should be adhered to:

for tall varieties - up to half a meter apart;
for medium-sized people 30 cm will be enough;
It is better to plant low varieties every 20 cm;
dwarfs require 15 cm spacing.

Directly planting snapdragons occurs in the same way as most flower crops. After rooting, the seedlings grow very actively and turn into a beautiful bush.

For creating beautiful composition in the flowerbed, choose plants of different heights

Flower care consists of traditional gardening work:

glaze;
loosening the soil around plants;
weeding as necessary;
fertilizing

The plant needs to be watered only during dry and hot periods of summer. The rest of the time, natural precipitation is enough for him. The next day after watering, you need to loosen the soil under the plants (this will promote better aeration of the roots) and remove any weeds that have appeared.

As a top dressing, immediately after planting, nitrophoska is suitable, and during budding good option there will be an aqueous solution of urea, superphosphate and potassium sulfate (1 tablespoon each per 10 liters of water).

Advice. In order for the plant to bloom for a long time, faded flower stalks should be regularly removed.

Antirrinum, or as it is also called - snapdragon, can often be seen in flower beds. This decorative flower decorate not only city parks, but also summer cottages. Due to the unusual shape of the inflorescences, the plant was popularly dubbed the “dog”.

It will not be difficult to maintain such a handsome creature as a snapdragon. Growing from seeds, when to plant it in open ground, a few rules of care - all the information you need to implement this plan.

General information about the plant

This herbaceous plant with straight, branched stems, it can reach one meter in height. Him long leaves Green colour, which have a dark or light color and are covered with thin fibers. Blooming, the flowers take unusual shape, similar to the open mouth of a lion or a small dog. Because of this feature, the plant got its name. Double or glossy flowers exude pleasant aroma , they gather at the tops of the shoots and form inflorescences in the form of spikelets.

Antirrinum is native to the southwestern part of Europe and the Mediterranean countries. Today you can find snapdragons in yellow, white, red and pink colors. It begins to bloom in early summer and ends in late autumn with the onset of the first frost.

By nature, this flower is a perennial, but gardeners grow it as an annual plant and fill the flowerbed with new specimens every year. This peculiarity of cultivation is due to the fact that antirrinum blooms only in the year of planting. At the same time, the fruit-box with seeds ripens.

Types and varieties of snapdragon

There are many various types and varieties of antirrinum. Breeders for a long time engaged in the development of new varieties of this decorative culture. Thanks to such interest and the efforts of specialists from all over the world, about 1 thousand varietal hybrids saw the light of day. They are apart differ in stem length, color and size of inflorescences. To understand how colorful these flowers can be, just visit any gardening store and look at the assortment of seeds.

Unfortunately, the resulting varieties were not able to cover all color palette, as originally planned, because the breeders were unable to obtain antirrhinum of blue and light blue shades.

Depending on the type of flower it belongs to, it can be either very small or quite tall. Based on this characteristic, plants were even divided into the following groups:

Planting options

Planting is a very important event, which will determine what plants the gardener will receive in the end. One of the most affordable ways to grow such flowers is by seed sowing. To obtain young antirrinums, you can go in two ways - plant the seeds as seedlings or directly into open ground.

Flower growers extremely rarely use the second method, since in this case, in order for the antirrhinum to bloom in time, it will have to be sown on garden plot in early spring, when the earth has not yet had time to completely thaw and warm up.

Therefore, gardeners prefer to plant antirrinums in flower beds in the form of seedlings: if you follow all the simple recommendations for caring for seedlings at home, you can easily get strong and flowering plants.

Of course, you can save yourself the hassle and purchase a ready-made planting material in a store or market. In this case, before purchasing, you need to inspect the seedlings with special care, because only from high-quality seedlings can you get healthy and beautiful flowers. First of all, pay attention to the following signs:

These recommendations will help you acquire a healthy and strong seedlings. If the gardener decides to grow it himself, the information below will be useful. She will protect you from common mistakes which novice gardeners often make, and will also allow you to get beautiful plants.

Getting plants from seeds

In order to independently obtain high-quality seedlings, you need not only to take into account the sowing time, but also to properly prepare the planting material. The unpretentiousness of the plant is a definite advantage and significantly simplifies the task of gardeners. Therefore, you do not have to waste time and effort on preparing a nutritious soil mixture, as well as on creating any special conditions for seedlings.

However, you should not think that seedlings do not need care at all. Still, you will have to take into account some of the needs of the antirrinum and try to provide it with everything necessary.

Sowing seeds for seedlings should be done in April or early May. First you need to prepare everything necessary materials and tools:

Choose a variety and purchase suitable seeds at a flower shop.
Soil for planting. A light and loose substrate is suitable.
Container (for example, a box made of wood or plastic).
Sieve and spatula.

Now you can start planting seed material snapdragon.

Agrotechnics of cultivation

Sowing can be done in separate pots and flowerpots or in a common one. wooden box. Choose the option that seems convenient. Having decided on a container for seedlings, you can start planting snapdragon seeds:

If the seeds sprouted, it means everything was done correctly. Now it is enough to provide the seedlings with proper care.

Seedling care

Small sprouts need to be watered regularly. Antirrinum loves water very much, so there is no need to take long breaks between moistening the soil. After about two months in favorable conditions and at good care the plants will produce their first true leaves. After this, the seedlings should be transplanted into separate containers. Picking must be done extremely carefully to avoid damage to the root system.

After picking, it will be the turn of pinching the tops of the plants. To do this, wait until they reach 10 centimeters in height. This procedure is necessary for the rapid appearance and development of side shoots, and this important condition For lush flowering adult antirrhinum.

Transplantation into open ground

Young plants should be transplanted into open ground when the weather is warm and the likelihood of night frosts returning is zero. By this time, the seedlings will have grown enough and will look like small bushes.

For a flower bed under antirrinums, a sunny place is allocated. Also, flowers will do well in partial shade.

Antirrinums like loose and light soil. Fertile, slightly alkaline soil is ideal; other acidity of the soil can cause plant roots to develop poorly.

The problem of too heavy soil is very easy to solve yourself; to do this, just mix it with ash, river sand or dolomite flour. Before planting seedlings in a flowerbed, add mineral fertilizing, consisting of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.

Small holes are dug under the plants, and then the antirrinums are transferred into them using the method of transshipment along with old clods of earth. Depending on the type of flowers, the following distance is left between the planting holes:

tall varieties - 45 centimeters;
medium - 30 cm;
short - 20 centimeters;
For dwarfs, 15 cm will be enough.

After planting, water the plants abundantly and cover the flowerbed with peat.

Caring for adult antirrhinums

Caring for plants in open ground does not require special effort. The bed needs to be periodically rid of weeds, and then carefully loosen the soil. Flowers should be watered moderately, avoiding either excess or lack of moisture.

During the active growing season, snapdragons need additional fertilizer. The first time fertilizing should be applied to the soil 14-17 days after transplanting the seedlings into open ground. Then repeat this procedure until autumn, no more than once every 2 weeks. It is best to feed such flowers mineral fertilizers, for example, nitrophoska.

To avoid overloading the bushes, faded inflorescences are regularly removed.

Pest and disease control

The result of excessive watering can be damage to the root system by rot. This attack can lead to the death of plants. “Hom” or any other product with a similar effect will help save the situation. One teaspoon of the drug is diluted in a liter clean water and treat all the flowers in the flowerbed, even those that have not yet become infected. For a bed size 10 square meters 1 liter of solution will be enough. You need to have time to carry out the procedure before flowering begins.

In cool and damp summers, there is a risk that plants will be affected by rust. It covers the foliage with red spots and leads to the death of flowers. It is possible and necessary to fight this disease; for this purpose, one percent Bordeaux mixture, preparations containing sulfur, or special fungicides are used.

Among all existing insect pests, the following are dangerous:

slugs;
root-knot nematode;
avacad scale insect;
scoop.

To destroy them, all plants and the soil next to them are treated with insecticides. It is better to dig up the affected flowers from the garden and destroy them.

Snapdragon

The snapdragon or snapdragon flower belongs to the Plantain family. The Latin name of the plant Antirrhinum, meaning “snapdragon”, is associated, according to legend, with the feat of the ancient hero Hercules. When the hero defeated the Nemean Lion, the goddess Flora (the patroness of flowers) presented Hercules with a flower, which she called “snapdragon”, in honor of the great event.

Origin

In nature, snapdragon grows in southern Europe and North America. The plant has been grown in gardens for a very long time, about 5 centuries. Thanks to the efforts of gardeners and breeders, there are almost a thousand varieties of antirrinum in modern floriculture.

Description

Is it herbaceous or subshrub perennial, which can also be grown as an annual. The stems of the “dogs” are straight, often branched, from 20 cm to a meter high, covered with oval or elongated green leaves. The flowers are large, fragrant, two-lipped, can be simple or double, collected in inflorescences - spikelets. The color of the flowers can be white, yellow, pink, red; flowers are often painted in 2 - 3 colors. The plant blooms from early summer until frost. Snapdragon seeds are very small, 7000 seeds weigh only 1 g.

Antirrinum varieties

All varieties of snapdragon are bred from a single species of plant - Antirrhinum major. Varieties of “dogs” can be classified by size into: tall (over a meter tall), tall (80 – 90 cm), medium-sized varieties (50 – 60 cm), low growing plants(up to 40 cm), dwarf flowers up to 25 cm in height.
Tall varieties of snapdragons form pyramidal-shaped bushes, where the main stem rises above the rest of the branches. These varieties of snapdragon flowers are suitable for cutting; the plants last a long time decorative look in a bouquet.

Popular varieties:

Medium-sized varieties of the flower are distinguished by branched, lush bushes. These are ideal plants for decorating flower beds, mixborders, and flowerpots. Varieties of antirrinum, 40–60 cm high:

Low-growing antirrinums grow in the form of compact spherical bushes, with medium-sized bright flowers. Suitable for creating carpet flower beds, planting along paths, and decorating flowerpots.

Floral is a group of dwarf varieties suitable for growing in pots; there are 13 options for coloring buds in this varietal group;
Crimson Velvet - plant, 30 cm high, velvety flowers, rich burgundy color;
Crown - a group of snapdragon varieties with bushes up to 35 cm in height, and different colors buds (pink, light lilac, white).

You can appreciate the beauty and variety of shades of snapdragon by looking at photos of flowers.

Choosing a location and preparing the soil for antirrinum

The plant loves well-lit places and is not afraid of the hot sun. Growing it in lacy shade is also possible, although the flowering will not be as lush. It is advisable to choose areas protected from cold winds.

Snapdragon needs nutritious and loose soils, with good drainage and a neutral reaction.

Preference should be given to loams, with the obligatory addition of sand, or sandy loams, with a high humus content. The plant has a taproot root system, therefore the fertile soil layer on the site should be no thinner than 30 - 40 cm. Close occurrence groundwater in areas where antirrhinum will grow, it is not allowed.

Sowing snapdragons

In our country, snapdragon flowers are grown by sowing seeds. This is the simplest and affordable way reproduction, especially the seeds in middle lane ripen well on the plant.

In the southern regions, you can sow directly into the ground in early spring, as soon as the soil warms up. In the middle zone and Moscow region, in order to admire the flowering of the “dogs” already in June, the flower is grown through seedlings. Sowing is usually carried out in March - early April.

The soil for the snapdragon flower is prepared from a mixture turf land and large river sand, with the addition of perlite and vermiculite. You can use purchased soil"Violet". To prevent the occurrence of diseases, the soil is spilled with a hot raspberry solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin. The moistened soil mixture is laid out in seedling trays or boxes and compacted.

Antirrinum seeds are very small; for uniform sowing, they are mixed with dry sand in a ratio of 1 to 3 and scattered over the surface of the ground. You can first sprinkle snow on the surface of the substrate, and then sow the seeds. Melt water is a natural growth stimulator for seeds. Crops covered with glass or film are removed to a warm place ( good temperature for germination +24 degrees).

Snapdragon shoots will appear on the 12th - 15th day, the shelter is removed within a week, gradually accustoming the seedlings to fresh air. Flower seedlings are demanding on lighting, but from direct burning sun rays, snapdragons need to be protected.

Important! To prevent the disease of seedlings with “black leg”, it is recommended to alternate watering with plain water with watering with a weak solution of potassium permanganate. After watering, the soil around the seedlings needs to be loosened.

In the phase of 2 - 3 true leaves, antirrinum seedlings are planted in separate glasses or peat pots. 10 days after picking, the snapdragon is fed with complex mineral fertilizer according to the instructions. Before planting seedlings in open ground, about a week in advance, pinch the central shoot above the 5th leaf to stimulate tillering.

In May, when the threat of sharp drops in temperature has passed, antirrinum seedlings are planted in flower beds. Tall varieties are placed according to a pattern of 40 by 50 cm, medium-sized ones - 30 by 30 cm, and for short-growing varieties, gaps of 20 cm are sufficient.

Caring for snapdragons in the garden

Snapdragon is not demanding frequent watering plant. Water your flowers regularly warm water, it is necessary only after planting seedlings, and during dry periods of summer. After watering, the soil around the plants needs to be loosened, simultaneously removing weeds. Snapdragon responds positively to mulching the soil around the bushes wood chips, pine nut shells or other decorative mulch.

Tall varieties of “dogs” need to be tied to supports so that the tall peduncles do not break and droop to the ground.

To obtain long flowering antirrinum, and not spoil its appearance, all flower arrows with faded buds must be removed from the plant.

Fertilizing with mineral fertilizer solutions for flowering plants should be given every 2 weeks, starting from planting seedlings in open ground.

Snapdragons can be affected by the following diseases: black leg, rust, gray mold, fusarium, septoria. Affected plants are destroyed. Disease prevention consists of regular treatment of plantings with antifungal drugs, especially in rainy summers.

Among the pests that plague the plant are caterpillars. In case of severe pest damage, flowers are treated with insecticides (, IntaVir).

Snapdragon in a flower garden

The variety of sizes, shapes and shades of antirrinum has made it a popular summer plant among gardeners around the world. Large bright snapdragon candles look impressive in the center of flower beds, surrounded by low-growing, pansies, And .

Fragrant “dogs” are planted along the paths, with elongated flower beds in the foreground. Dwarf varieties plants thrive in the limited space of pots and flowerpots. They can decorate balconies, terraces, porches.

Tall antirrinums stand well when cut for up to 12 - 14 days, and are an important component summer fragrant bouquets.

Watch also the video

- a perennial herbaceous plant with large green stems of the Plantain family, grown in our country as an annual. The plant produces many stems. The stems of snapdragon are straight, branched, of very different heights: yes low-growing varieties, only about 20 cm, but there are tall ones, up to one meter high, that form pyramidal bushes during the growing season. The leaves of snapdragon are elongated, lanceolate or slightly oval green in color, pubescent with thin hairs.

Snapdragon flowers large, irregularly shaped, two-lipped, reminiscent of a gaping lion's mouth, pubescent on the outside. There are varieties with simple and double flowers. The flowers are collected in racemose inflorescences. Coloring of snapdragon flowers will be able to please you widely color scheme: They come in white, pink, yellow and bi-color. IN wildlife There are species of snapdragons with yellow, blue, and purple flowers.

The plant's birthplace is considered North America. In Russia, snapdragon has long been popular and is very common garden plant decorating flower beds and flower beds. Snapdragon is a wonderful sunny annual that will fill your garden with a pleasant fragrant aroma and attract not only bees, but also butterflies.

Growing snapdragons from seeds

Sowing snapdragon seeds for seedlings can be done from the end of February, in March, to the beginning of April. Snapdragon Seeds When sowing, lightly sprinkle with soil. The first shoots begin to appear after ten days, but germination of snapdragon seeds can take a whole month. For better germination, cover the container with snapdragon seeds with glass or a plastic bag. As soon as the shoots begin to appear, the film or glass must be removed. For better germination, keep the container with snapdragon seeds at an air temperature not lower than +18 o C. Snapdragon seeds can be sown directly in open ground in May, covering the bed with film or agrospan.

During the first time after snapdragon germination, monitor the soil moisture: overdrying, as well as severe waterlogging of the soil, can lead to the death of seedlings. Transplanting snapdragon seedlings do not delay for too long: it must be carried out at the stage of the first two or three true leaves. When snapdragon seedlings grow to 4-6 pairs of true leaves, the tops of the plants need to be pinched to form additional stems.

Caring for snapdragons in open ground

In open ground snapdragon seedlings planted already partially blooming in late May - early June, when the threat of frost has passed, leaving 30 cm between plants. Snapdragon grows best in open sunny places. If you have absolutely no open sunny places left, snapdragons can be planted in partial shade. Only the flowering will be delayed a little, it will not be too abundant, the color of the flowers will be more delicate, and not as bright as in the open sun.

Soil for snapdragons should be well fertilized. If on your site clay soil, add more organic matter, peat, peat, sand to it in order to make the soil looser and eliminate stagnation of excess moisture. If your site has sandy loam soil, add black soil, rotted organic matter, leaf soil, try to improve the structure of the soil so that it can retain water and remain moist longer.

Don't forget to water the snapdragons. Do not water the next time until it dries out. upper layer soil. To preserve precious moisture, mulch the snapdragon plantings with a layer of freshly cut grass, humus, and rotted sawdust. With severe waterlogging, snapdragons are susceptible to various rots, including root rots.

First feeding snapdragons after transplanting into open ground - no earlier than two to three weeks, so as not to burn the roots of the plant damaged by transplantation. This is when the plant fully adapts to open air, new leaves will begin to grow, then you can carry out the first fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. It is desirable that fertilizers have a full NPK formula; additional microelements are welcome. The plant especially needs feeding during the flowering period. And a strong, healthy plant can resist diseases and pest attacks.

When grown from seedlings, snapdragons bloom as early as June and continue to bloom until frost. Try to remove faded inflorescences in a timely manner. This procedure greatly extends the flowering period of all plants.

Healing properties of snapdragon

In addition to the fact that snapdragon is very decorative, its flowers can be used in folk medicine. An infusion of snapdragon flowers is drunk for intestinal bloating; it can be used as additional remedy for some liver diseases. A mixture of snapdragon flowers, immortelle and corn silk is especially good during the recovery period after hepatitis. Infusions and decoctions of snapdragon flowers are used for severe headaches, dropsy and shortness of breath. When used externally, infusions and decoctions of snapdragons help with hemorrhoids, open ulcers on the skin, and boils.

Snapdragon will not only decorate your flower beds and flower beds. It can be used for growing on balconies, terraces, and decorating windows from the outside. Snapdragon flowers make excellent cut flowers.

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The beautifully flowering snapdragon, which decorates flower beds for a long period of time, owes its name to large flowers irregularly shaped, similar to a lion's mouth. If you believe the legend, then the appearance flowering plant associated with the victory of Hercules over Nemean lion, after which the goddess Flora presented the winner with a beautiful antirrinum.

Description of species and varieties

Antirrhinum from the Plantain family is represented by subshrub plants with branched, erect stems, the height of which varies from 15 to 100 cm. Ellipse-shaped or lanceolate sheet plates, alternate at the top and oppositely located at the bottom of the plant, are colored green. During the period of prolonged flowering, lasting from the beginning of summer until the first frost, spike-shaped inflorescences are observed, consisting of large, two-lipped flowers that exude a pleasant aroma. The color can be either monochromatic or include up to three colors.

IN natural environment There are approximately 50 varieties of antirrinum. However, in front gardens, varieties and hybrids are cultivated based on a single species known as Antirrhinum major.

Many varieties are divided into 5 classes according to the classification based on the height of the subshrubs:

Gigantic - representatives of the class, the height of which can vary between 90-130 cm, are distinguished by the significant excess of the central stem over the shoots of the second tier. Common forms: cherry Arthur, scarlet and raspberry hybrids XL.
Tall - the class includes varieties with a stem length from 60 to 90 cm. Among the most decorative, pinkish Anna German, yellow Canary, and terry form Madame Butterfly stand out.
Medium-sized - the distinctive characteristics of subshrubs are height from 40 to 60 cm and a slight excess of the main stem over the side shoots. Popular: yellow Golden, Monarch, pink and white Lipstick Silver.
Low-growing - subshrubs not exceeding 40 cm, distinguished by the abundant formation of flowers on the shoots of the second and third tiers. Interesting forms: Hobbit, snapdragon ampelous Lampion.
Dwarf - lush bushes for decorating borders, alpine slides with a height of 15 to 25 cm. Varieties with abundant flowering: pinkish Sakura Color, ampelous Candy Showers.