Long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit. Features of operating a wood-burning boiler with a water circuit Wood-burning heating boiler with a water circuit

Updated:

2016-08-15

Solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for the home are deservedly popular due to their efficiency. Such heating systems are capable of not only generating heat to heat rooms, but also supplying hot water.

Boiler design diagram

A standard wood-burning boiler with one circuit, which provides only space heating, includes the following design elements.

1. Firebox. This is the chamber in which solid fuel combustion occurs. Typically, fireboxes run on wood, coal, peat or pellets.
2. Furnace ash pit. A container designed to collect solid waste after combustion of fuel in the chamber.
3. Chimney. A system that is equipped with every solid fuel stove for the home. It serves to remove gaseous combustion products of the fuel used.
4. Water heating boiler jacket. This is a heat exchanger that is filled with water and built into the firebox body. The coolant enters the jacket and accumulates energy from the burned fuel, transferring it to the heating radiators.

In addition to the indicated structural elements, a double-circuit solid fuel hot water boiler also has a coil or storage tank to provide a hot water supply system. This second heat exchanger is connected to a cold water supply, and at the output we receive a portion of heated water.

Methods for placing a water heating circuit

A solid fuel heating boiler with a water circuit can have two ways of placing a water heating system.

1. Flow diagram. It provides for the presence in the design of the main jacket of a coil, which is powered by coolant energy heating system. Cold water passes through the coil and warms up to the desired temperature. Typically the temperature is up to 45 degrees Celsius. The disadvantage of the scheme is low performance. Such a home stove with a flow-through water heating system can heat no more than 8 liters per minute.
2. Cumulative scheme. This method connection involves installation of a built-in boiler in the oven. This is a container of water, which is heated by the same coolant as in the first case, or by hot air. The second option is possible if the boiler is located in the chimney duct. In this case, the temperature of the liquid inside the boiler can reach 95 degrees Celsius. The main advantage of the storage scheme is the impressive volume of heated water. But in order to constantly heat the water in the boiler, the stove will have to be additionally heated with solid fuel. This results in increased consumption of wood.

How does the water circuit work?

Before choosing and installing a heating system for your home with your own hands, you need to understand how a wood-burning stove with a water circuit works.

• Heating of water occurs only when wood masonry or other type of solid fuel is burned inside the firebox;
• Mostly, a wood stove uses coal or wood;
• One load provides combustion for 3-4 hours;
• To ensure longer combustion, you should choose a gas generator type stove for your home;
• Savings on heat production are achieved by using a heating stove High Quality. Also, efficiency is affected by the efficiency of heat exchange processes and precise control of coolant temperature;
• The wall where the water jacket is provided accumulates thermal energy;
• This ensures rapid heating of water and its maintenance in a given temperature range for a long period;
• In practice, it has been proven that a solid fuel stove with a water circuit functions equally effectively with two types of circulation - forced and natural.

Advantages and disadvantages

By choosing a solid fuel stove for your home, which is additionally equipped with a water circuit, you get efficient heating and water heating equipment with a wide range of advantages.

To the main positive aspects worth mentioning:

• Cheap fuel. This is the most affordable fuel that can be used for heating boilers;
• Availability of equipment. The home oven itself costs quite a bit. Some build them with their own hands. Although here it is recommended to give preference to products from a trusted manufacturer;
• High reliability indicators. A solid fuel stove equipped with a water circuit demonstrates excellent reliability indicators, which has been proven by a multi-million user audience;
• Long service life. Reliability results in excellent durability;
• Rare service intervals. Although the stove uses solid fuel, the equipment does not require complex maintenance. The most important point is to remove the ash from the ash pan;
• The benefits of ash. Ash, which is formed as a result of the combustion of solid fuel, can be easily removed with your own hands. However, you should not throw it in the trash. Since such a stove is the prerogative of private houses, you probably have a plot of land. Ash acts as a highly effective fertilizer;
• Possibility of refurbishment. The beauty of a solid fuel boiler is that, if necessary, the stove can be re-equipped by adapting the equipment to operate on gas, diesel fuel etc.

But besides the obvious advantages, such heating systems for wood-burning houses have disadvantages.

1. Relatively low efficiency. With an impressive consumption of wood, the efficiency of the boiler will be no more than 70-80 percent.
2. The need for regular loading of the firebox. You have to regularly add wood to the stove yourself. Although today there is an oven with automatic feeding on sale. You will need to make one download. Next, the automatic wood-burning stove will independently add required amount firewood to maintain the specified parameters. As a result, one download lasts for several days. Flaw automatic feeding lies in certain requirements for the wood or coal used.

To correctly choose a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit with your own hands, rely on several useful recommendations.

1. Thermal power. A water heating boiler (double-circuit) exceeds its single-circuit counterpart in power by 25 percent on average. Because if for simple heating A single-circuit unit with a power of 12 kW is sufficient, but for heating and water heating you will need a boiler with a power of about 15 kW. How larger area premises and more consumers, the higher the boiler power required.
2. Water heating circuit performance. The dual-circuit unit is capable of heating up to 2.5 liters of water per minute. If this is not enough for your needs, it makes sense to buy a solid fuel boiler equipped with a boiler.
3. Service. Maintenance consists of cleaning the ash pan and loading firewood into the heating system with your own hands. Boilers long burning The good thing is that the firebox can burn for up to 5 days without adding fuel. But you will have to clean the ash pan three times a month.
4. Heat exchanger and combustion chamber. For efficient hot water supply, it is better to choose a heat exchanger made of copper or steel. The combustion chamber is better made of cast iron, since it has a long service life.

Buying a solid fuel boiler that has a water heating circuit is not a problem. At the same time, the cost of equipment starts from 60 thousand rubles. Is it possible to install the stove yourself? Yes. But it is recommended to trust this issue to specialists.

Solid fuel boilers with a water circuit are very popular. This is not surprising, since one device will heat both the house and warm water will provide for household needs. In addition, such units are reliable, well-assembled, economical and autonomous.

Let's look at the design of the boiler. The steel body houses the combustion chamber for fuel combustion; it can be made of heat-resistant steel or cast iron. At the bottom of the combustion chamber there are grates. When fuel burns, ash falls down through the grate into the ash pan. The ash pan not only collects ash, but with the help of its door you can regulate the intensity of fuel combustion by supplying more or less oxygen from the ash chamber to the grate.

Scheme: device solid fuel boiler with water circuit

The next important working unit is the heat exchanger. If the boiler has two circuits, then one heats the house, and the second is connected to the water supply circuit. The heat exchanger can be made of cast iron or steel with a thickness of 3-5 mm. Due to the thickness of the walls of the product, the service life of the heat exchanger increases and its ability to accumulate heat improves. The coolant in the heating system and in the water circuit for domestic needs warms up very quickly. In about 1 hour.

The following happens: heat from the combustion chamber rises to the heat exchanger, first warming it up, and then the heat exchanger transfers the accumulated heat to the coolant.

The coolant circulates through the heating system as a result of gravity. There is a second method, when a circulation pump is connected, but it requires a connection to the electrical network, which can be a disadvantage.

Pellets are a fairly high-quality, but expensive type of fuel for a boiler.

Which solid fuel boilers can they have one or two water circuits? These are boilers that can operate on:

• firewood;
• coal;
• pellets (fuel granules);
• mixed fuel.

The principle of fuel combustion may also differ:

Advice. Long-burning boilers with a water circuit can be equipped, if necessary, with a second circuit or connected to a boiler. This will allow not only to heat the room, but also to heat water for household needs.

Advantages of a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit

If we compare solid fuel boilers with a water circuit with conventional ovens or boilers without a water circuit, then advantages obvious.

Advice. Solid fuel boilers have the ability to connect a heated floor system. When choosing a boiler with a water circuit, pay attention to models that have this option.

Solid fuel boiler with hob

Flaws

1. Overall these are fairly simple units. Their simplicity is both a disadvantage and an advantage at the same time. As for the disadvantages, they mostly all relate to ease of use.
2. It is necessary to install smoke exhaust equipment - full-fledged channels; pipes that lead to gas boilers will not work here.
3. Heating units are not small in weight and dimensions; they cannot be hung on the wall. Typically, installation requires separate room with good ventilation.
4. Fuel must always be in reserve, so you need to equip dry room for storing it.
5. Fuel is loaded into the boiler firebox manually.
6. The boiler requires maintenance. Periodically you need to remove ash from the ash pan, as well as clean the chimney of soot, and remove carbon deposits from the burner.
7. Models with two circuits, as a rule, have a second coil in diameter less than the first. If the system uses a poor quality coolant, then growths quickly form on the walls, which become a frequent cause of device failure.

Heat circulation in a boiler with a water circuit

Features of installation of solid fuel boilers with a water circuit

Before installing the boiler, the first thing you need to do is prepare the base for installation. To do this, they make a concrete screed, since the boilers are quite heavy. The screed is carried out according to the level, since distortions of the base for the boiler are not allowed. It is good if the concrete pad is higher than the floor level - this will greatly facilitate its maintenance and cleaning of the ash chamber.

When installing heating equipment, it is better to place the boiler in the center of the house. If for some reason this cannot be done, then you can place the boiler in the garage or equip a separate room - a boiler room. The air temperature in the boiler room must be at least 10 degrees C, and the room itself must have good supply and exhaust ventilation. In the boiler room the walls are made of non-combustible materials. Do not store various explosive substances near boiler equipment.

It is important to install the boiler on a prepared, solid surface

The equipment must be installed in strict accordance with the installation and operating instructions. There should be a distance of at least half a meter from the wall to the boiler. A sheet of metal must be laid in front of the boiler.

The connection points between the chimney and the chimney must be insulated with heat-resistant sealant or clay.

Before starting the boiler, you must first check the draft, and the pressure in the system must correspond to the operating parameters.

Features of operation

To avoid troubles due to improper operation of boiler equipment, follow all fire safety rules, because the safety of your property, as well as the life and health of your family, depends on this.

Try to choose a place to place the boiler in the center of the house - then the heat will be distributed evenly

1. It is prohibited to operate the equipment with the combustion chamber door open or to light fuel with gasoline.
2. To avoid troubles, you should not place things and shoes on the boiler to dry.
3. The surface of the combustion chamber door heats up, so be sure to wear gloves when adding a new portion of fuel or adjusting the draft. This way you will protect yourself from burns.
4. It is forbidden for children to load fuel and generally control the operation of the heating unit.
5. Do not store boiler fuel near it. Fuel must be stored at least a meter away from the equipment.
6. Do not allow the equipment to overheat - this is very dangerous. You shouldn’t put a lot of fuel into the firebox at once.
7. A couple of times a year it is imperative to clean the chimney and boiler burners. Make sure all chimney joints are tight. It is also necessary to check the coolant level in the system.

Advice. Remember your safety and purchase solid fuel boilers with a water circuit in specialized stores.

Owners country houses Where there is no gas main, a water heating boiler is most often installed. Its main advantage is the use of inexpensive raw materials. To correctly install the system, you need to understand the operating principle, design features, installation and operation. Even before purchasing, it is advisable to find out what advantages and disadvantages the unit has.

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Design features

Boiler equipment with a water circuit is an improved model of a conventional standard boiler. The device consists of the following parts:

• combustion chamber;
• grate;
• ash pan;
• water circuit.




All single-circuit equipment is intended exclusively for heating the home, but double-circuit water heating boilers are also used for heating, and to provide residents with hot water for household needs. But when purchasing such an installation, you need to calculate in advance required power, which will be required for both heating and water heating.

As for loading fuel, the process can be carried out either manually or automatically. In the second case, the device must be equipped with a special reservoir, which must be filled once a week. But such modern installations They are much more expensive, so they are not so common.

Do-it-yourself water boiler: pros, cons and practical advice

It is also worth adding that such units require special fuel that has been processed.

There are devices equipped with electric heating elements that monitor the amount of raw materials in the firebox and add it if necessary. This function ensures continuous operation of the device.



Principle of operation

Heating of the house is carried out only after the water heating boiler starts working, that is, during the period of fuel combustion. You can use wood or coal for kindling. One load provides about 3-4 hours of combustion. For a longer period, it is better to purchase gas generator or solid fuel units.

The better the quality of the device, processes are more efficient heat exchange and more precise temperature control, the lower the costs for each kilowatt of heat produced. Water heating boilers are manufactured in such a way that the coolant heats up as efficiently and quickly as possible.

In addition, the wall in the water circuit has the ability to accumulate thermal energy that is generated during the combustion process. Thereby heating equipment quickly heats the liquid And long time maintains the required temperature. It is worth noting that such installations provide the same efficiency in systems with both natural circulation and forced circulation.

Cooper Wood and coal boiler with heating circuit



Advantages and disadvantages

Except affordable price heating equipment and low fuel costs, there are a number of other advantages. The main advantages include the following factors:

• high reliability indicator;
• long service life;
• The devices do not require frequent maintenance.




The advantages also include the fact that the ash that remains after fuel combustion is can be used as fertilizer. There are also disadvantages. The fact is that a water boiler for heating a house does not have high coefficient useful action, and even with high fuel consumption the indicator does not rise above 80%. In addition, standard appliances require frequent loading of firewood; this will have to be done every 3-5 hours.

TITAN - economical stove and boiler with a long-burning water jacket (do-it-yourself)



Water circuit

All pipes and radiators in the house that are connected to the water circuit ensure uniform distribution of heat throughout all rooms in the house. The heat exchanger can be an ordinary metal tank where the liquid is located. And already underneath there is a heat source directly. But this design is not very effective: the fact is that the water will only heat up in the lower part of the container.

It is best to use a water circuit system when the container has double walls, between which the coolant is placed, through which it circulates hot water. Due to constant movement, the liquid does not stagnate, and the small space between the layers ensures the fastest heating of the entire area.

There is one more effective method manufacturing, which helps to achieve maximum efficiency. But this will require several steel pipes(diameter 5−6 cm), which must be welded together and given a wave shape. Then place them along the walls and in the upper part of the firebox.

During operation, the coolant will move slowly through the pipes and thereby ensure high-quality heat transfer. In case of problems, this system is quite easy to fix.

Control block

All boiler systems are equipped with a special system for regulating the temperature of the liquid. The simplest option is to install a special thermostat on the structure. The principle of operation of such a device is that when the water is heated to the required temperature, the damper in the device is lowered, after which the air flow is noticeably reduced. And after the liquid begins to cool, the system operates in the reverse order.

You can slightly modernize the control system and install precise temperature sensors on the boiler and equip it with a forced electrified air supply. As a result, ventilation will provide top feed, which will ensure complete combustion of fuel. But it is worth noting that such a boiler installation will only function if there is electrical network or battery.

If you plan to heat a small building, then it is best to install the equipment directly in the house. But for the boiler room, choose a separate building or allocate a separate room. Heating pipe always laid underground, and in such a way that it is located below the freezing level of the ground. In addition, she needs to provide high-quality thermal insulation. In the room where the unit is installed, you need to create a temperature regime within 10-15 degrees, and also equip a good ventilation system with natural traction.




Before installation, you should take care of floor covering, the surface must be non-flammable, smooth and hard. It is best to make a thin concrete screed, in which case the heating boiler will stand firmly, steadily and reliably. It is necessary to place in front of the device a metal sheet area of ​​1 sq. m. It is also worth taking care of the location: the fact is that the unit should not stand too close to the walls, you need to leave a distance of at least 50 centimeters.

Bubafonya with a water jacket - full test, part 1

Carrying out installation work, you must comply with all requirements and recommendations. Especially when assembling and installing a chimney pipe. All joints must be carefully treated with a hermetic compound or covered with clay. Water units are not as popular as electric or gas ones. Although in country cottages where there is no gas supply or where there are frequent power outages, this option is optimal. In this case, you can connect the system yourself, but provided that fire safety precautions are observed.

Solid fuel boilers with a water circuit are very popular. This is not surprising, since one device will heat both the house and provide warm water for domestic needs. In addition, such units are reliable, well-assembled, economical and autonomous.

Let's look at the design of the boiler. The steel body houses the combustion chamber for fuel combustion; it can be made of heat-resistant steel or cast iron. At the bottom of the combustion chamber there are grates. When fuel burns, ash falls down through the grate into the ash pan. The ash pan not only collects ash, but with the help of its door you can regulate the intensity of fuel combustion by supplying more or less oxygen from the ash chamber to the grate.

Scheme: device of a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit

The next important working unit is the heat exchanger. If the boiler has two circuits, then one heats the house, and the second is connected to the water supply circuit. The heat exchanger can be made of cast iron or steel with a thickness of 3-5 mm. Due to the thickness of the walls of the product, the service life of the heat exchanger increases and its ability to accumulate heat improves. The coolant in the heating system and in the water circuit for domestic needs warms up very quickly. In about 1 hour.

The following happens: heat from the combustion chamber rises to the heat exchanger, first warming it up, and then the heat exchanger transfers the accumulated heat to the coolant.

The coolant circulates through the heating system as a result of gravity. There is a second method, when a circulation pump is connected, but it requires a connection to the electrical network, which can be a disadvantage.

Pellets are a fairly high-quality, but expensive type of fuel for a boiler.

Which solid fuel boilers can have one or two water circuits? These are boilers that can operate on:

• firewood;
• coal;
• pellets (fuel granules);
• mixed fuel.

The principle of fuel combustion may also differ:

Advice. Long-burning boilers with a water circuit can be equipped, if necessary, with a second circuit or connected to a boiler. This will allow not only to heat the room, but also to heat water for household needs.

Advantages of a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit

If we compare solid fuel boilers with a water circuit with conventional stoves or boilers without a water circuit, then advantages obvious.

Advice. Solid fuel boilers have the ability to connect a heated floor system. When choosing a boiler with a water circuit, pay attention to models that have this option.

Solid fuel boiler with hob

Flaws

1. Overall these are fairly simple units. Their simplicity is both a disadvantage and an advantage at the same time. As for the disadvantages, they mostly all relate to ease of use.
2. It is necessary to install smoke exhaust equipment - full-fledged channels; pipes that lead to gas boilers will not work here.
3. Heating units are not small in weight and dimensions; they cannot be hung on the wall. As a rule, installation requires a separate room with good ventilation.
4. Fuel must always be in reserve, so you need to equip a dry room for its storage.
5. Fuel is loaded into the boiler firebox manually.
6. The boiler requires maintenance. Periodically you need to remove ash from the ash pan, as well as clean the chimney of soot, and remove carbon deposits from the burner.
7. In models with two circuits, as a rule, the second coil is smaller in diameter than the first. If the system uses a coolant of poor quality, then growths quickly form on the walls, which become a frequent cause of device failure.

Heat circulation in a boiler with a water circuit

Features of installation of solid fuel boilers with a water circuit

Before installing the boiler, the first thing you need to do is prepare the base for installation. To do this, they make a concrete screed, since the boilers are quite heavy. The screed is carried out according to the level, since distortions of the base for the boiler are not allowed. It is good if the concrete pad is higher than the floor level - this will greatly facilitate its maintenance and cleaning of the ash chamber.

When installing heating equipment, it is better to place the boiler in the center of the house. If for some reason this cannot be done, then you can place the boiler in the garage or equip a separate room - a boiler room. The air temperature in the boiler room must be at least 10 degrees C, and the room itself must have good supply and exhaust ventilation. In the boiler room, the walls are made of non-combustible materials. Do not store various explosive substances near boiler equipment.

It is important to install the boiler on a prepared, solid surface

The equipment must be installed in strict accordance with the installation and operating instructions. There should be a distance of at least half a meter from the wall to the boiler. A sheet of metal must be laid in front of the boiler.

The connection points between the chimney and the chimney must be insulated with heat-resistant sealant or clay.

Before starting the boiler, you must first check the draft, and the pressure in the system must correspond to the operating parameters.

Features of operation

To avoid troubles due to improper operation of boiler equipment, follow all fire safety rules, because the safety of your property, as well as the life and health of your family, depends on this.

Try to choose a place to place the boiler in the center of the house - then the heat will be distributed evenly

1. It is prohibited to operate the equipment with the combustion chamber door open or to light fuel with gasoline.
2. To avoid troubles, you should not place things and shoes on the boiler to dry.
3. The surface of the combustion chamber door heats up, so be sure to wear gloves when adding a new portion of fuel or adjusting the draft. This way you will protect yourself from burns.
4. It is forbidden for children to load fuel and generally control the operation of the heating unit.
5. Do not store boiler fuel near it. Fuel must be stored at least a meter away from the equipment.
6. Do not allow the equipment to overheat - this is very dangerous. You shouldn’t put a lot of fuel into the firebox at once.
7. A couple of times a year it is imperative to clean the chimney and boiler burners. Make sure all chimney joints are tight. It is also necessary to check the coolant level in the system.

Advice. Remember your safety and purchase solid fuel boilers with a water circuit in specialized stores.

Heating of a private home » Boilers and boiler equipment » Solid fuel boilers

Solid fuel heating boiler

Blue fuel is not yet available to everyone. It often happens that there is no gas main outside the city, so the question arises of finding alternative sources heating Electricity is an expensive type of fuel. Ordinary wooden logs remain the most affordable and in demand, so heating equipment designed for this type of fuel is still relevant today. For heating country house easiest to use wood boilers long burning, having a water circuit.

When choosing one or another ready-made model, it is important to consider several serious points:

• Firstly, you need to pay attention to the operating principle wood stoves having a water circuit.
• Secondly, it is worth taking into account the presence of additional equipment that can be used to increase the productivity of the installation.
• Thirdly, it would be useful to take into account what positive and negative characteristics long-burning boilers equipped with a water circuit have.

By answering all three questions, you can decide whether it is worth choosing a similar option, whether it will be reliable in harsh winter conditions, or whether you should give preference to equipment running on electricity or coal.

Features of fireboxes

Long-burning boilers according to their design features are divided into two large groups:

1. Boilers with one firebox equipped with bottom blast.
2. Pyrolysis boilers, in which the combustion chamber has two parts and operates with two blast options - bottom and top.

How do conventional boilers with one firebox work?

Conventional wood-burning boilers are quite simple. They have a combustion chamber, a heat exchanger and a water circuit. The described device differs from a brick oven only in the presence of a coil with which the liquid is heated.

The equipment operates as follows:

Model Isberg K

1. As a rule, a long-burning wood-burning boiler is connected to the existing heating system.
2. Firewood is placed in a special chamber, which, when burned, releases heat.
3. The heat exchanger accumulates it and then heats the coolant passing through the coil.
4. Physical processes force the hot liquid to circulate, so the hot coolant enters the batteries and returns to the boiler cold water.

Note! Today, long-burning boilers that have a water circuit and operate on wood can be equipped with a second circuit or an additional boiler can be connected to them. In this case, the efficiency of the system increases significantly, and it becomes possible to use hot water for technical needs.

What else can be added to the existing set?

The circulation of water in the system is ensured by physical laws. When heated, any substance expands and moves upward, and after it cools, the reverse process occurs. This is why natural circulation is possible. Ready-made models Wood boilers are designed to heat a certain volume of water, and when choosing equipment, this criterion must be taken into account.

Model Thermo Vesta

Sometimes specialists for increasing efficiency installations are advised to install circulation pumps. Practice has shown that their use increases boiler productivity by approximately 2 times. But their installation makes long-burning wood-burning boilers energy-dependent. In order for such equipment to operate during a power outage, it is advisable to use circulation pump install a bypass immediately. This is a switch that will allow you to switch forced circulation coolant to natural.

If it is necessary to provide both heating of the house and the supply of hot water to the kitchen and bathroom, experts recommend purchasing traditional long-burning wood-burning boilers, which already have a boiler for water heating equipment built into the body. This model will cost much more than the usual configuration, but it will allow you to immediately solve all the problems associated with creating a comfortable microclimate.

Another important point! When choosing heating equipment, pay attention to one that will allow you to heat water for domestic needs without supplying coolant to the radiators. This feature will make it possible to use the installation in the summer. Typically, such options include electric heating elements. Hybrid models are multifunctional. When the heating element is working, the long-burning installation is idle.

Pyrolysis boilers

Device diagram

If the house is heated using wood, you have to solve the acute problem of choice - to purchase a traditional or pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit. The second option differs from conventional installations in that in it solid fuel and combustion products are burned separately. Any pyrolysis boiler has a firebox consisting of two sections. Firewood is loaded into the first one. In winter, they are usually damp, so when burning, water vapor is produced. To prevent it from interfering with combustion, a second chamber is used. Hot gases move into it, and there they eliminate excess moisture under the influence of a jet of secondary air. This is the so-called double blowing method.

The two chambers are separated only by a grate on which firewood lies. The primary airflow passes through them from bottom to top. Therefore, the main difference that a pyrolysis boiler has from a traditional installation is the presence of two types of blast. The operation of this design is ensured by forced draft generated using a smoke exhauster.

This installation works quite simply:

Type of pyrolysis boiler

• Firewood is laid out on the grate.
• After they are ignited, the door must be closed, after which the smoke exhauster starts working.
• A high temperature is formed inside the firebox, leading to the formation of wood and carbon monoxide, as well as volatile elements such as hydrogen and nitrogen.
• All these substances enter the second firebox.
• There they are mixed with secondary air, in which all the gases burn. The heat generated in this case again descends into the first firebox.

Thus, a high temperature is constantly maintained, ensuring the pyrolysis process. It creates heat that can be used to heat any coolant.

Advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis boilers

When deciding between two options, it is important to consider the advantages and disadvantages of each type of boiler.

We list the main ones:

Model Geyser T-20

1. The double air supply, which is characteristic of a pyrolysis boiler, allows you to increase the burning time of one load of firewood to 12 hours. A load of firewood in traditional long-burning boilers burns out within 3–4 hours. Therefore, more firewood is consumed, and the stove has to be loaded more often.
2. The pyrolysis process ensures complete combustion of the fuel. As a result, less ash is produced. Therefore, it is easier to care for the stove, since you have to remove ash and clean the gas ducts less often.
3. In pyrolysis boilers, two-stage combustion reduces excess air in the furnaces, which increases the efficiency of the furnace and its economics.
4. The presence of two fireboxes allows you to control and, if necessary, regulate the combustion process. Thanks to this circumstance, such installations can be automated, like the operation of gas heating equipment. It is impossible to do this using a traditional wood-burning boiler.
5. Large logs can be placed in pyrolysis boilers. This eliminates the need to spend a lot of time and effort chopping firewood.

So we can safely say that long-burning pyrolysis boilers, equipped with a water circuit and fueled by wood, are more economical than similar ones traditional installations.

Existing disadvantages

In fairness, it is necessary to mention the disadvantages of the described equipment:

Principle of operation

• Pyrolysis boilers with a water circuit are 2 times more expensive than traditional analogues.
• They cannot work without a smoke exhauster, so this option is energy dependent. During a power outage, the heating equipment will not work. And this must be taken into account where such problems occur very often.
• When buying pyrolysis boilers, carefully study reviews about the manufacturer. It has been noticed that some installations demonstrate a discrepancy with the declared power. During operation during laying, in 40% of cases the pyrolysis process is ineffective.
• When using the described installations at half power, tar is formed, which clogs the flues.
• For the full functioning of a wood-fired pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit, it is necessary to mix hot water with the water that goes back to the boiler. If the return temperature is less than 60 degrees, condensation will form in the gas path, which will cause the development of low-temperature corrosion.

Conclusion

Boiler room in the house

To operate traditional and pyrolysis boilers, firewood is used - the cheapest type of fuel today. Such equipment remains relevant where the supply of blue fuel is not established. Compared to other types of heating equipment, long-burning boilers can be equipped with a water circuit, which will ensure efficient heating of any room.

The coolant heats up very quickly, and servicing the boilers is not that difficult. To install them, you do not need to collect various permits and certificates. The only condition for installation is the presence of ventilation and a working chimney.

Pyrolysis boilers are more efficient than traditional installations, but their advantages should not be exaggerated. They also have many disadvantages. Therefore, when making the final choice, you need to weigh everything and decide what is fundamentally important for the operation of the heating system in a particular case.

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Long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for home use

With rising gas prices Substantial part owners of private houses are taking a closer look at solid fuel boilers. And in some areas it simply does not exist, and then there are not many options left for heating your home.

For many, this type of heating is associated with old wood stoves requiring constant supervision and maintenance. At the same time, the Internet is swelling with offers to purchase modern solid fuel long-burning boilers, which, according to their manufacturers, can operate without intervention from a week to a month with one load of fuel. Is it so? Let's try to figure it out.

Long-burning boilers with a water circuit using wood

Before purchasing such a unit, consider your options for providing it with the appropriate fuel. Different brands solid fuel boilers work with various types of fuel and are often very demanding on quality. Some models can work with several types of fuel, but such versatility will either greatly affect the duration of its combustion from load to load, or complicate the maintenance process, or radically affect the efficiency of the boiler. But rather, for all the mentioned characteristics at once.

Hence the reviews from their owners: from moderately positive to extremely negative.

The greatest demand in Russia is for long-burning boilers with a water circuit loaded with ordinary firewood.

This is due to several factors:

• such boilers are often built into existing systems water heating circuits for houses instead of or simultaneously with gas ones;
• convection water heating systems for houses are more familiar and familiar to the Russian consumer;
• the presence of large reserves of wood in the Russian Federation and, accordingly, the relatively low cost of firewood, or even access to a free resource: wood processing waste, wooden containers, etc.;
• more simple ways storage and maintenance of fuel reserves than the same coal or fuel briquettes.

Let's say right away that best models such units are capable of operating on one load of firewood per ideal conditions from 10 – 12 hours to a day, depending on the capacity of the firebox, and eat from 40 to 80 kg of firewood. It is this parameter that ensures the duration of their combustion. But not only them. There are a number of technical solutions that make it possible to increase the operating time of such a solid fuel boiler up to 3 times in comparison with a traditional one. Namely:

1. Wood combustion does not occur immediately over the entire height of the stack, but in a given area (only from above or below). This is ensured by sealing the boiler and dosed oxygen supply to the required area.

It is pumped using a snail with a self-regulating valve.

It is controlled by an automation unit.

Without such a boost, the boiler operates in smoldering fuel mode, which increases the time it takes to completely burn out. True, its prolonged stay in this mode leads to accelerated soot formation, which necessitates more frequent cleaning of both the boiler itself and the chimney. When the temperature drops below the set value, the blower fan is activated and the combustion intensifies.

2. In the process of burning wood, the following are formed: charcoal and flue gases. On the principle of afterburning their mixture with oxygen, the so-called. pyrolysis boilers.

In them, flue gas from the wood burning zone is diverted into the firebox, along the way mixing with injected oxygen, where it is burned, which:

• significantly increases the efficiency of the boiler (up to 90 – 95%);
• reduces soot formation;
• minimizes ash waste;
• saves cash owner.

The latter is especially important, taking into account the high cost of all pyrolysis solid fuel boilers.

The furnaces of pyrolysis boilers are often lined fireclay bricks due to the high afterburning temperature (about 1200°C).

3. Combustion products discharged into the chimney pass through the boiler's smoke circulation system, connected to the water heating circuit of the house, in which the coolant circulates (often it is water).

Sometimes the heat exchanger is a water tank with a large number of pipes welded into it, through which gases are removed, giving off their heat to the water.

When choosing a long-burning wood-burning boiler, it is important to consider two points:

Firstly, the manufacturers offer an approximate calculation of the power of a solid fuel boiler, in which for every 10 sq.m. The area of ​​the house should be allocated 1 kW, it is advisable to double it, otherwise there can be no talk of any long burning - the boiler will work at the maximum of its capabilities and consume fuel in constant pressurization mode.

Secondly, such boilers operate with a connection to the electrical network, which ensures the operation of the control unit, volute fan and circulation pump in the heating system (at a minimum). Therefore, for their correct operation, it is best to install a block uninterruptible power supply, with a large capacity battery.

If you want to make such a boiler yourself, it is better to choose a specific model as a sample and repeat it Constructive decisions and features.

Long burning boiler up to 7 days

They are also called “weeks”. It should be said that, having impressive dimensions, they can really produce such indicators under ideal operating conditions, incl. small heated areas, and only with the use of high-quality coal, working mainly in smoldering mode. Among the Russian ones, the Kemerovo long-burning boiler is close to such characteristics.

Also long-lasting boilers are pellet boilers with large pellet bins and automatic feeding.

But the cost of the gigacalorie produced by the latter is significantly higher than that of other solid fuel boilers.

DIY solid fuel boiler

It has a funny name “bubafonia”, a simple design and a completely understandable operating principle. The Baltic boilers of serial production STROPUVA, which have gained well-deserved popularity among Russians, also operate on the same principle.

Let's consider the scheme of its operation.

In these boilers, air is supplied to the combustion zone through a pipe (7) and a piston (air distributor - 9). It is preheated by exhaust gases. Combustion occurs only in the upper part of the fuel deposit, which can be:

• firewood;
• sawdust;
• various fuel briquettes;
• pellets (fuel granules);
• coal.

It is with the latter type of fuel that the maximum operating time of the boiler under standard conditions on one load is achieved: 3 - 4 days.

As the fuel burns, the piston lowers under its own weight, providing oxygen access to the combustion zone. To load the firebox, it is raised using a cable 12, secured with a hook 13. Loading is done to the level of the stowage door (8). The water jacket is located around the boiler body.

The design of this boiler is practically repeated by some other manufacturers, you can do it too, and this video will help:

But there are simpler designs that work on the same principle.

In the process of lowering the piston, which serves as a device for supplying air to the combustion zone, as in the boiler described above, combustion occurs above it flue gases.

If the boiler is light and easily detachable from chimney, then the process of removing a tiny handful of ash from its bottom is carried out by turning it over.

And if it is made of thick-walled gas cylinders or is installed permanently, then to remove it it is worth providing a hermetically sealed door at the bottom of the container.

Adjustment of the air supply, and therefore the intensity of the combustion process, is carried out by a rotary valve at the top of the supply pipe connected to the piston. Its design itself may be different, but always with a gap for free passage of air between it and top level fuel (this is why radially located ribs are welded on).

You can burn almost anything in such a boiler, but sawdust, small firewood and coal are best suited - anything that fits compactly and without gaps. For those who do not want to experiment with dimensions, we offer a simple drawing of a long-burning solid fuel boiler.

If such a boiler heats a separate room and is located in it, an external circuit can be built around it. It will protect you from burns and will act as a convector.

If you want to equip a water heating system with bubafone, then this casing should be made closed and sealed, and the upper supply and lower return fittings for supplying the heating system pipes should be cut into it.

At the same time, do not forget to embed an open-type expansion tank into it, so that no trouble occurs during intense combustion and boiling water. Such a stove is capable of heating a house with an area of ​​70 - 80 sq.m. with a one-time daily load of sawdust (coal - once every 2-3 days), if your house is well insulated.

For constant use of sawdust as fuel, the boiler design can be simplified, and for small houses, the heating system shown in the video is, in our opinion, more preferable than with a water circuit, and certainly cheaper.

There is an even simpler version of bubafonia, and even one produced industrially.

It makes no sense to describe the process of making such a boiler with your own hands, due to the primitiveness of the design.

And finally, short video on a homemade pyrolysis boiler for home craftsmen with high level locksmith training and excellent skills welding work:

Dear readers, if you have any questions, please ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

stroi-specialist.ru

Long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for the home

Long-burning solid fuel boilers with a water circuit for the home are heating units intended for use in non-gas-free cottages, houses and summer cottages. The low price of fuel, their use as a backup heat source and the ability to burn horticultural waste in boilers have made solid fuel boilers quite popular among country home owners. Such equipment is especially relevant in the context of the continuing trend of increasing gas prices.

A long-burning solid fuel double-circuit boiler will provide not only heating for the house, but also hot water supply

According to their design, a distinction is made between boilers with one combustion chamber using bottom blast and boilers with a two-part firebox with bottom and top blast (pyrolysis boilers). Types of body of a solid fuel heating boiler with a water circuit: cast iron or steel.

Device single-circuit boiler, which provides for heating the coolant for the radiators of the heating system, has the following design:

• firebox - combustion chamber hard species fuel;
• ash pit - a collection of waste generated during combustion;
• chimney - a channel for removing exhaust gaseous combustion products;
• jacket - a heat exchanger with water built into the firebox.

Types of fuel for solid fuel boilers

The principle of operation of the boiler is as follows: fuel is added to the combustion chamber, which releases heat during combustion. The heat exchanger accumulates heat and releases it to the coolant, which circulates through the coil. Warm water enters the batteries, and the cooled water returns back to the boiler.

The difference between a double-circuit solid fuel boiler for a home is that it has an additional heat exchanger (coil) used for hot water supply. This heat exchanger is connected to the water pipes, providing domestic hot water.

The modern boiler room is equipped with a double-circuit solid fuel boiler with a storage tank for hot water

There are two methods for connecting and positioning the DHW circuit:

1. Flow heating mode. With this method, the water heating circuit coil is built into the jacket. The water heating coil is heated by the energy of the heating system coolant. The water moving along the coil is heated to 45 degrees. The efficiency of such a system is up to 8 liters per minute.
2. Cumulative heating mode. Such a system provides a boiler (water heating tank) built into the chimney duct or the main heat exchanger. Heating is carried out by hot air or coolant from the heating system. Depending on the flow of hot water, cold water is supplied to the boiler from the water supply and heated there to 90 degrees. With this scheme, the DHW circuit is capable of providing a volume of water 2 times greater than the volume of the boiler, which will contribute to excessive fuel consumption.

Operating principle of a solid fuel pyrolysis boiler

When water is heated, due to expansion, its natural circulation occurs: when heated, it moves upward, and when cooled, it sinks down. Long-burning wood-burning boilers can only heat a certain amount of water. This parameter should be taken into account when choosing a boiler.

Related article:

To increase the efficiency of the equipment, it is proposed to equip the boiler with a circulation pump. With its installation, the efficiency will double, but then the operation of the boilers becomes energy-dependent. If electricity is supplied intermittently, it is recommended to equip the boiler with a switch (bypass) that can convert the forced movement of water into natural one.

Heating and hot water supply based on a solid fuel boiler and solar panels will provide your home with energy independence

Helpful advice! When purchasing a boiler, you should choose a model that will provide domestic hot water supply without supplying water to the heating system. This will allow you to use hot water in the summer season.

So that the boiler of long combustion of fuel does not work to heat radiators, but provides heating of water for household use, it is equipped electric heating element. Such a boiler is called hybrid and is multifunctional equipment.

Connection diagram for a boiler with a water circuit in common system heating

Boiler equipment additional equipment(for example, a fan to provide draft in a chimney, a pump to pump hot water in pipes) makes the equipment energy-dependent, on the other hand, connecting to the network makes it possible automatic control process.

We invite you to watch the video: “Do-it-yourself solid fuel long-burning boiler”:

Construction of a pyrolysis solid fuel boiler with a water circuit

A feature of the functioning of pyrolysis boilers is that their combustion chamber consists of two separate sections. Solid fuel burns in one section of the furnace, and combustion products in the other. When firewood (often damp) is placed in the first compartment during the cold season, steam appears when it burns. To exclude it negative impact for the combustion process, use the second section of the firebox. It is into this that hot gas moves, which removes excess moisture using a secondary air stream. This method is called the double blowing method. The two sections of the chamber are separated by a grate, where the firewood lies, through which the primary air flow passes. The functioning of the pyrolysis boiler is facilitated by the forced draft created by the smoke exhauster.

Design of a pyrolysis boiler with a water circuit

Operating order of the pyrolysis unit:

• Solid fuel (firewood) is placed on the grate;
• the boiler is ignited, the firebox door is closed and the smoke exhauster is turned on;
• During the combustion process, a high temperature is created inside the chamber, which contributes to the formation charcoal, carbon monoxide and volatile formations of hydrogen and nitrogen;
• all these products enter the second section of the chamber, where a secondary air flow is mixed with them and these products burn;
• the heat from the combustion of these products is re-supplied to the first section of the chamber.

As a result of this design of the boiler, a sufficiently high temperature is maintained in it; waste from the combustion of wood is decomposed thermally, forming pyrolysis gas. Thus, solid fuel is used rationally, and the heat from waste combustion is reused.

Pyrolysis solid fuel boiler with automatic fuel loading

To accurately select a solid fuel boiler for heating a private home, you need to analyze its characteristics:

• In pyrolysis units, repeated air supply is used, which ensures the duration of burning of the fuel load, extending it to 10-12 hours, and the burning time of a similar load in a conventional boiler is 4 hours. From an economical point of view, pyrolysis boilers are loaded less frequently and less fuel is consumed;
• In pyrolysis boilers, wood is burned with virtually no waste. There is a minimum of ash left. This, in turn, makes it easier to maintain the equipment: it is not so often necessary to remove ash from the boiler and clean the gas duct;

Pyrolysis boilers use repeated air supply, prolonging the burning time of the fuel load to 10-12 hours

• two-stage combustion, which reduces excess air in the chamber, increases the productivity of the pyrolysis boiler;
• with two combustion chambers, it becomes possible to control and regulate the combustion process. Pyrolysis boilers can be automated, which is completely impossible in conventional boilers;
• pyrolysis boilers can accept quite a few logs for ignition large sizes, which, in turn, saves time on chopping wood;
• easy and affordable installation - does not require permits, it is possible to install the equipment yourself.

A simplified diagram for connecting automation to a heating system with a long-burning solid fuel boiler

Solid fuel pyrolysis boilers for heating a private home have many advantages, but there are also some disadvantages that should be mentioned:

• high price;
• dependence on electricity - due to the use of a smoke exhauster;
• in some cases, non-compliance with the declared power characteristics;

Helpful advice! Before purchasing a long-burning solid fuel boiler, read reviews about its manufacturer. Very often there are models with an ineffective pyrolysis process.

• using boilers at partial capacity leads to the formation of tar, which clogs the flue;

To extend the service life, it is necessary to periodically clean the solid fuel boiler

• For the correct operation of pyrolysis heating solid fuel boilers with a water circuit, it is necessary to add hot water to the liquid entering the boiler again;
• the return temperature must be at least 60ºС, otherwise condensation will appear in the gas path, which will lead to corrosion.

What you should pay attention to when choosing a suitable solid fuel boiler model:

• unit power. If you purchase a double-circuit boiler to provide hot water supply, you should choose a unit whose power is sufficient to heat domestic water;
• hot water circuit performance. It is necessary to calculate whether the volume of water heated by the boiler is sufficient for the domestic needs of the whole family;

Diagram for connecting a heat accumulator to a heating system

Helpful advice! To provide hot water supply to a house where a large family lives, you should purchase a boiler model with a built-in boiler or install a heat accumulator.

• convenience and frequency of maintenance. Pay attention to how often you have to load firewood and empty the ash pan. Give preference to models with a large hopper, where cleaning is done once every three months, and the burning duration reaches up to five days;
• materials from which the boiler is made. Equipment made of cast iron is durable (service life is up to 30 years). The hot water coil must be made of steel or copper.

Modern models of long-burning solid fuel boilers can completely replace gas units in heating and hot water supply systems of a private home

Modern models of long-burning solid fuel boilers can completely replace gas. In addition, due to their high performance, they are environmentally friendly and economical. Purchasing a solid fuel boiler with a water circuit will be profitable if you take into account all the requirements and parameters of this equipment.

REMOO IN YOUR MAIL

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Long-burning wood boiler with a water circuit: application, features and principle of operation

Villagers living in remote areas where blue fuel is not available choose not a heating system powered by electricity, but wood-burning boilers. Residents of country houses and country houses do the same, guided by the principle of economy. For heating they use the most available material– wooden logs, coals, coke. Taking into account all economic costs, it will be cheaper than using a gas cylinder. Birch and pine firewood is most often used for heating purposes.

There are 2 types of wood-burning boilers

Traditional

Boilers of a simple direct combustion design with one chamber - a container. The devices are easy to use and reliable, but they are not very convenient to use. It is necessary to use only dry firewood, which quickly burns out in 6–8 hours, which requires too frequent replenishment of fuel for the boiler. If the wood burns out incompletely, the chimney becomes clogged.

Gas generators

Boilers with unique technology pyrolysis, allowing solid fuel turn into a gaseous state and increase the burning time of the fuel. Models can be equipped with an additional camera. The combustion process goes on non-stop, fuel is added once a day. The cost of such boilers is slightly higher than classic ones, but due to the economical use of firewood, high power, and increased equipment efficiency, they quickly pay for themselves.

The organization of the operation of a wood-burning device for long-term combustion occurs by the method of pyrolysis. During the combustion process, the fuel sags, the fire zone moves smoothly from top to bottom, leaving virtually no ash. Firewood is burned in doses and ignites with renewed vigor thanks to an improved control method fuel combustion.

The most common materials for making equipment are steel and cast iron.

Cast iron is less susceptible to corrosion, resistant to high combustion temperatures, but is more expensive than steel. Thanks to the design, consisting of different sections, if they break down, it is possible to disassemble the equipment and replace the part requiring repair. The downside is its high sensitivity to temperature changes, but if you follow all the nuances, the boiler can operate for up to 35 years.

Steel often deforms and undergoes corrosive changes. If a cast iron boiler consists of sections, then a steel one is always an all-welded structure. The efficiency is much higher due to minimal technological limitations. Average term equipment operation up to 25 years.

Let's look at the components of a wood-burning boiler:

Long-burning boilers are improved by equipping them with a water circuit (DHW), which allows the heat emanating from the stove to be distributed throughout the house, evenly heating several rooms at once. In addition, the house is provided with hot water, which is undoubtedly very convenient and economical.

The operating principle of a heat exchanger with a water circuit.

After installing and connecting the equipment to the local heating system, the boiler is filled with water, the liquid moves along the heating system circuit using convection, without requiring the use of a water pump. When wood burns, water heats up, circulating through the pipes and flowing to the radiators of the house. The cooled liquid, after releasing heat, returns to the boiler via the return line, warming up, and the process begins again. Such boilers are also called double-circuit: the first is used for water heating, and the second is used for hot water supply.

Most modern heat exchangers have just this method of organizing heating. There are certain points that are worth paying attention to: hot water is also needed in the summer, and the stove is unlikely to be heated, so you should consider additional equipment for heating the liquid. Today, it is possible to equip long-burning boilers with an additional circuit or boiler, which requires the presence of a container of water in the boiler, heated by convection, which will increase the efficiency of the system many times over.

When installing equipment with a water circuit, the necessary safety requirements must be observed:

• Ground the boiler body.
• Place the boiler on a fire-resistant material, preferably a metal sheet. It is advisable for them to cover the walls adjacent to the equipment and pre-finished with heat-resistant materials.
• The foundation must be concrete or asbestos.
• Wrap the part of the chimney that goes into the attic with foil to prevent a fire.
• Equip the room with a good ventilation system.
• Provide free access to the firebox door.
• If you do not live in the house permanently, use antifreeze to prevent pipes from freezing during the cold season.

What are the advantages of wood-burning heating boilers with a water circuit?

• For residents of private houses with no gas supply, such equipment is the only option for a heating system.
• The heat exchanger’s high performance is noted; a large area is quickly and efficiently heated within an hour after the boiler is operating.
• Affordability of equipment compared to others heating devices.
• Ease of operation, which allows installation and adjustment work to be carried out without obtaining a special permit.
• The availability of wood fuel for boilers in any locality and its low cost, which makes the equipment economical.
• No connection to electricity thanks to natural circulation devices. The operation of the boiler on the water circuit is completely autonomous, which is extremely important in areas with interruptions and interference in the electrical network.

There are few disadvantages, but they do exist.

• Lack of automatic fuel supply.
• Low efficiency compared to powerful gas and diesel boilers.


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