Not a great message about gaydar. Arkady Gaidar became a hero after brutally killing women and children? Arkady Golikov-Gaidar: combat activities

Biography of Gaidar for 4th grade will briefly tell you about the life of the Soviet writer, author of children's books, film scriptwriter, participant in the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Message about Arkady Gaidar can be supplemented with interesting facts.

Arkady Gaidar biography for children briefly

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name Golikov) was born on January 9 (22), 1904 in the town of Lgov into a family of teachers. He spent his childhood years in the Nizhny Novgorod region, the city of Arzamas. Here he studied at a real school. At the beginning of the First World War, his father was called to the front, and the boy ran away from home, also fighting with him. But on the way, Arkady was detained and returned home.

In 1918, at the age of 14, he joined the Communist Party and began working for the newspaper Molot. In the same year, the young man was enlisted in the Red Army. The future writer graduated from the Higher Rifle School and was appointed commander of a section of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. Golikov took part in hostilities on the Caucasian Front, on the Don, and near Sochi. In 1922, he took part in the suppression of the anti-Soviet insurgency in Khakassia.

Arkady Petrovich proved himself to be a rather strict boss who dealt with the enemy with cruelty. On his orders, the uluses were shot. After the incident, Golikov was demobilized and diagnosed with “traumatic neurosis.” From that moment literary activity began.

In 1925, he published his first story in the Leningrad almanac “Kovsh” under the title “In the Days of Defeats and Victories.” Over time, Arkady Petrovich moved to Perm and began publishing his works under the pseudonym Gaidar. In 1930 he finished work on “School” and “The Fourth Dugout”.

Since 1932, the writer has worked as a traveling correspondent for the Pacific Star newspaper. In the period 1932 - 1940, such of his stories as “Military Secret”, “The Blue Cup”, “Distant Countries”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, “Chuk and Gek”, “Timur and His Team” saw the light of day. During the Great Patriotic War works as a correspondent for the newspaper Komsomolskaya Pravda. Creates essays on the works “Rockets and Grenades”, “Bridge”, “At the Crossing”, fairy tales “Hot Stone” and “At the Front Edge”.

In 1941, Arkady Petrovich served as a machine gunner in Gorelov’s partisan detachment.

On October 26 of the same year, Gaidar Arkady Petrovich was killed by the Germans near the village of Leplyavo, Kanevsky district.

• In 1939 he was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, and in 1964 he was posthumously awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree.
• The writer suffered from constant headaches and mood swings, so he underwent treatment in a psychiatric clinic more than once.
• Arkady Petrovich was married three times. His first wife was nurse Maria Plaksina. The marriage produced a son, Zhenya, who died at the age of about 2 years. The second time he married Leah Solomyanskaya, who gave him a son, Timur. The writer's third wife was Dora Chernysheva. Gaidar became a foster father for her daughter.
• Gaidar was close friends with the writers Fraerman, Paustovsky and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
• Arkady Petrovich repeatedly complained to his attending physician that he was haunted in his dreams by the ghosts of people who were killed by him or on his orders.

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar

“He was cheerful and straightforward, like a child.

His word did not diverge from deed, thought from feeling,

life is with poetry.

S. Marshak

Arkady Petrovich Gaidar (real name - Golikov).

Born on January 22, 1904 in the village of a sugar factory near Lgov, now the Kursk region, in the family of a teacher - Pyotr Isidorovich and Natalya Arkadyevna Salkova, a noblewoman, a distant relative of Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov.

Life for a 13-year-old teenager, a future famous writer, is a game full of dangers: he participates in rallies, patrols the streets of Arzamas, and becomes a Bolshevik liaison. At the age of 14 he joined the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) and worked for the local newspaper Molot.

In January 1919, as a volunteer, hiding his age, Arkady entered the Red Army, soon became an adjutant, studied at the Red commanders' courses, took part in battles, where he was wounded. Arkady left to fight when he was not yet fifteen years old. He raved about military exploits from the time when his father, Pyotr Isidorovich, a rural teacher, took part in the First World War.

In 1920, Arkady Golikov was already a headquarters commissar. In 1921 - commander of a department of the Nizhny Novgorod regiment. He fought on the Caucasian front, on the Don, near Sochi, participated in the suppression of the Antonov rebellion, and in Khakassia he took part in operations against the “Emperor of the Taiga” I. N. Solovyov. Accused of arbitrary execution (in the case of I.N. Solovyov), he was expelled from the party for six months and sent on long leave due to a nervous illness, which subsequently did not leave him throughout his life.

“Youthful maximalism, a thirst for exploits, an early sense of power and responsibility confirmed Golikov in the idea that the only possible future for him was to be an officer in the Red Army. He is preparing to enter the military academy, but after a shell shock he is demobilized. And he begins to write.

During the Great Patriotic War, Gaidar was in the active army, as a correspondent for Komsomolskaya Pravda. He was a witness and participant in the Kyiv defensive operation of the Southwestern Front. He wrote military essays “At the crossing”, “The bridge”, “At the front line”, “Rockets and grenades”. After the encirclement of the Southwestern Front near Kiev, in September 1941, Arkady Petrovich ended up in Gorelov’s partisan detachment. He was a machine gunner in the detachment. On October 26, 1941, near the village of Lyaplyavaya in Ukraine, Arkady Gaidar died in battle with the Germans, warning members of his squad about the danger. Buried in Kanev. He was 37 years old.

Literary activity:

The author's mentors in the literary field were M. Slonimsky, K. Fedin, S. Semenov. Gaidar began publishing in 1925. The work "R.V.S." turned out to be significant. The writer became a true classic of children's literature, becoming famous for his works about military camaraderie and sincere friendship.

The literary pseudonym "Gaidar" stands for "Golikov Arkady D" ARzamas" (in imitation of the name D'Artagnan from Dumas' "The Three Musketeers").

The most famous works of Arkady Gaidar: "P.B.C." (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout”, “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940), “Chuk and Gek”, “The Fate of the Drummer”, stories “Hot Stone”, “Blue cup"… The writer's works were included in the school curriculum, were actively filmed, and translated into many languages ​​of the world. The work “Timur and His Team” actually marked the beginning of a unique Timur movement, which aimed at voluntary assistance to veterans and elderly people on the part of the pioneers.

Several films have been made based on Gaidar’s works:
"Bumbarash."

"Timur and his team", 1940

"Timur and his team", 1976

"Timur's Oath"

"The Tale of Malchish-Kibalchish"

"The Fate of the Drummer", 1955

"Drummer's Fate", 1976

"School"

"Chuk and Gek"

Gaidar's name was given to many schools, streets of cities and villages of the USSR. The monument to the hero of Gaidar's story Malchish-Kibalchish - the first monument to a literary character in the capital (sculptor V.K. Frolov, architect V.S. Kubasov) - was erected in 1972 near the City Palace of Children and Youth Creativity on Vorobyovy Gory.

Arkady Gaidar was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, posthumously.

Internet resources:

http://www.people.su/131397

http://www.piplz.ru/page.php?id=130

http://gaidarovka-metod.ru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143&Itemid=122

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%E0%E9%E4%E0%F0,_%C0%F0%EA%E0%E4%E8%E9_%CF%E5%F2%F0%EE %E2%E8%F7

Arkady Gaidar (Golikov) is a popular children's writer, whose books have recently been devoured by the whole country.

Thanks to him, a new trend arose - the Timurovtsy youth organization.

However, his life was quite tragic. He went through the revolution and was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.

Childhood and school years

The future writer of children's books was born in Lgov on January 22, 1904. His parents were intelligent and well-read people.

Father - Pyotr Golikov worked as a teacher in a rural school, and mother Natalya was a midwife.

A few years later, fearing arrest, they left the city of Lgov, moving to Arzamas. There, little Arkady was sent to school.

The Golikov family had a large library, and from a very young age the boy was surrounded by fairy tales, poems and stories that were heard in his family.

In 1912, when his father went to war, Arkady was very worried and constantly rushed to the front to fight enemies.

In elementary school, he even tried to go to the front on foot, but the little fugitive was found and returned home.

Arkady Golikov grew up a very well-read child, and at school he made a good impression on the literature teacher, Nikolai Sokolov.

Subsequently, it was their close communication that would play a big role in Gaidar’s life.

N. Sokolov and Arkady often spent time talking about literature, writers and history. These conversations became for the future writer “a stronghold of knowledge of Russian literature.”

In 1917, a teacher brought 11-year-old Arkady to the Bolshevik club. At the age of 14, he joined the party and published his first poems in the newspaper Molot.

Bolshevik life consumed the teenager. He participates in rallies and patrols the streets of Arzamas. Soon he moved to Moscow, where he entered the Red Commanders Course.

War years

In the capital, he begins to serve as a battalion adjutant. In August 1919, he and some of his comrades were sent to Kyiv to the front.

At that moment, Arkady felt like the happiest person, because his old dream had come true - to go to the front.

In the first battles, Arkady learns that death is not a beautiful duel with the enemy, and death has a terrible face.

In December of the same year, he received a bullet wound in the leg and a concussion from a shell explosion. He is sent to the hospital.

The consequences of this injury will haunt the writer throughout the rest of his life.

After the amendment, the young commander is offered training at the Vystrel Higher Rifle School.

After graduating, in 1920 Arkady became chief of staff in Voronezh.

A year later, he heads an anti-banditry regiment and goes to serve in Siberia.

Shell shock and suffering during the war were not in vain for the young man.

At the age of 20, with a diagnosis of “exhaustion of the nervous system,” he again ends up in a hospital with a psychiatric profile.

Subsequently, he will repeatedly undergo treatment in psychiatric clinics, struggling with severe headaches, irritability and mood swings.

Then Gaidar is transferred to the reserve. It was now worth forgetting about the career of a Red Army soldier.

The next time he comes into contact with the war is in 1941. He will not be able to stay away, and will apply to the front, but he will be refused.

I had to go to war by deception. Arkady takes a mandate from the newspaper “Komsomolskaya Pravda” and goes to the mouth of the Great Patriotic War as a correspondent.

He soon begins to participate in battles and intelligence operations.

Arkady Gaidar died on October 26, 1941 near the village of Leplyaevo. He commanded a partisan detachment.

Returning from a mission, they were ambushed. Arkady attracted attention to himself, giving others time to leave, and thereby saving the lives of his fellow soldiers.

He himself died from a German bullet that hit him right in the heart. He was only 37 years old.

Personal life

The first love overtook 17-year-old Arkady during the civil war in the hospital.

Nurse Maria Plaksina worked there. Young people fall in love and get married.

Soon they have a son, Evgeniy. But due to constant travel and life in military units, the boy falls ill and dies. This marked the end of a happy marriage.

A few years later, the young commander marries a second time. This time his chosen one is the daughter of a Bolshevik, Liya Lazarevna Solomyanskaya. She was also involved in journalistic activities.

This marriage gave Arkady a long-awaited child - the boy Timur. Subsequently, the writer would name the main character of his legendary novel by the name of his son.

The second marriage was also short-lived. Arkady and Leah were together for only 5 years, then she left for another man, taking Timur with her.

He is very worried about parting with his son and leaves for Khabarovsk.

And in 1938 he moved to the city of Klin, Moscow region, rented an apartment in the Chernyshovs’ house.

There he met his last wife, Dora Matveevna. She had a daughter from her first marriage.

Arkady, having married her, adopted her girl.

Writing activity

Arkady Gaidar began writing his first book, “In the Days of Defeats and Victories,” while still in Siberia, where he fought with bandits.

In fact, he was writing his autobiography, but he didn’t want to sign it with his real name.

He took a pseudonym - Gaidar. There are many versions of what it could mean.

According to one, this is what the Turks called Arkady when he passed by. According to another, Gaidar is a rebus in which the writer encrypted his first name, last name and hometown.

After demobilization from the army, he came to Leningrad in 1924 and published a book in the local newspaper. However, it did not bring much success.

Arkady begins to work as a journalist, traveling all over the country, continuing to write stories along the way.

In the late 20s and 30s, his writing activity took on a children's focus.

Such stories as “School”, “R.V.S.”, “On the Count’s Ruins” appear.

The latter was filmed in 1957. It is with them that Arkady's popularity as a children's writer begins.

In 1931, Arkady Gaidar moved to Khabarovsk and there he got a job at the Pacific Star newspaper.

In 1935, the story “The Fate of the Drummer” was published, a year later “The Blue Cup”.

He wrote his most important book, which became famous throughout the Soviet Union and outlived the author himself - “Timur and His Team”, as well as the sequel “The Commandant of the Snow Fortress” in the late 30s in Klin.

Soon this book became the basis for the film of the same name directed by A.E. Reasonable.

This novel, telling about the life of a brave and sympathetic pioneer, marked the beginning of the Timurovtsy youth movement, which acquired unprecedented proportions in the post-war period.

Literary and educational material about the life and work of A.P. Gaidar

Gaidar(real name - Golikov) Arkady Petrovich (1904-1941), prose writer.

Born on January 9 (22 NS) in the city of Lgov, Kursk province, in the family of a teacher. My childhood years were spent in Arzamas. He studied at a real school, but when the First World War began and his father was drafted into the army, he ran away from home a month later to go to his father at the front. Ninety kilometers from Arzamas he was detained and returned.

Later, as a teenager of fourteen, in 1918 he went to the front of the Civil War. He was a physically strong and tall guy, and after some hesitation he was accepted into the Red commanders' course. At fourteen and a half years old, he commanded a company of cadets on the Petlyura front, and at seventeen he was the commander of a separate regiment to combat banditry.

In December 1924, Gaidar left the army due to illness (after being wounded and shell-shocked). I started writing. His teachers in the craft of writing were K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky and S. Semenov, who criticized Arkady's first manuscripts and explained the techniques of literary craftsmanship.

He considered his best works to be the stories “R.V.S.” (1925), “Distant Countries”, “The Fourth Dugout” and “School” (1930), “Timur and His Team” (1940). Arkady Petrovich traveled a lot around the country, met different people, and eagerly absorbed life. After the release of the story “Timur and His Team” he became one of the most popular writers among children and teenagers.

When the Great Patriotic War began, the writer again went to the front as a war correspondent. His unit was surrounded, and they wanted to take the writer out by plane, but he refused to leave his comrades and remained in the partisan detachment as an ordinary machine gunner. On October 26, 1941, in Ukraine, near the village of Lyaplyavoya, Gaidar died in a battle with the Nazis. Buried in Kanev.

A tale about a military secret, Malchish Kibalchish and his firm word

Then evening comes, and Malchish goes to bed. But Malchish can’t sleep - well, what kind of sleep is that?

Suddenly he hears footsteps on the street and a rustling at the window. Malchish looked and saw: the same man standing at the window. That one, but not that one: and there is no horse - the horse is missing, and there is no saber - the saber is broken, and there is no hat - the hat has flown off, and he himself is standing - staggering.

- Hey, get up! - he shouted for the last time. “And there are shells, but the arrows are broken.” And there are rifles, but there are few fighters. And help is close, but there is no strength. Hey, get up, who's still left! If only we could stand the night and hold out for the day.

Malchish-Kibalchish looked into the street: an empty street. The shutters don't slam, the gates don't creak - there's no one to get up. And the fathers left, and the brothers left - there was no one left.

Only Malchish sees that an old grandfather of a hundred years old came out of the gate. Grandfather wanted to lift the rifle, but he was so old that he couldn’t lift it. Grandfather wanted to attach the saber, but he was so weak that he couldn’t attach it. Then the grandfather sat down on the rubble, lowered his head and cried...

Then Malchish felt pain. Then Malchish-Kibalchish jumped out into the street and shouted loudly:

- Hey, you boys, little boys! Or should we boys just play with sticks and jump ropes? And the fathers left, and the brothers left. Or should we, boys, sit and wait for the bourgeoisie to come and take us into their damned bourgeoisie?

How the little boys heard such words, how they screamed at the top of their voices! Some run out the door, some climb out the window, some jump over the fence.

Everyone wants to help. Only one Bad Boy wanted to join the bourgeoisie. But this Bad guy was so cunning that he didn’t say anything to anyone, but pulled up his pants and rushed along with everyone, as if to help.

The boys fight from the dark night to the bright dawn. Only one Bad guy doesn’t fight, but keeps walking and looking for ways to help the bourgeoisie. And Plohish sees that there is a huge pile of boxes lying behind the hill, and black bombs, white shells and yellow cartridges are hidden in those boxes. “Hey,” thought Plohish, “this is what I need.”

And at this time the Chief Bourgeois asks his bourgeois:

- Well, bourgeois, have you achieved victory?

“No, Chief Bourgeois,” the bourgeois answer, “we defeated our fathers and brothers, and it was our victory, but Malchish-Kibalchish rushed to their aid, and we still can’t cope with him.”

Chief Burzhuin was very surprised and angry then, and he shouted in a menacing voice:

- Could it be that they couldn’t cope with Malchish? Oh, you worthless bourgeois cowards! How is it that you can’t break something so small? Download quickly and don't go back without winning.

So the bourgeoisie sit and think: what can they do? Suddenly they see: Bad Boy crawling out from behind the bushes and straight towards them.

- Rejoice! - he shouts to them. - I did it all, Bad Guy. I chopped wood, I hauled hay, and I lit all the boxes with black bombs, white shells and yellow cartridges. It's about to explode!..

Suddenly the lit boxes exploded! And it thundered as if thousands of thunder struck in one place and thousands of lightning flashed from one cloud.

- Treason! - Malchish-Kibalchish shouted.

- Treason! - shouted all his faithful boys.

But then, because of the smoke and fire, a bourgeois force swooped in and grabbed and tied up Malchish-Kibalchish.

They chained Malchish in heavy chains. They put Malchish in a stone tower. And they rushed to ask: what will the Chief Burzhuin now order to do with the captive Malchish?

The Chief Burzhuin thought for a long time, and then came up with an idea and said:

- We will destroy this Malchish. But let him first tell us all their Military Secrets. You go, bourgeois, and ask him:

“Why, Malchish, did the Forty Kings and Forty Kings fight with the Red Army, fight and fight, only to be defeated themselves?”

- Why, Malchish, are all the prisons full, and all the penal servitudes are packed, and all the gendarmes are on the corners, and all the troops are on their feet, but we have no peace either on a bright day or on a dark night?

- Why, Malchish, damned Kibalchish, and in my High Bourgeoisie, and in another - the Plain Kingdom, and in the third - the Snowy Kingdom, and in the fourth - the Sultry State on the same day in early spring and on the same day in late autumn on in different languages, but they sing the same songs, in different hands, but they carry the same banners, they say the same speeches, they think the same things and do the same things?

You ask, bourgeois:

- Doesn’t the Red Army have a military secret, Malchish? Let him tell the secret.

— Do our workers have outside help? And let him tell you where the help comes from.

- Isn’t there, Malchish, a secret passage from your country to all other countries, which will be clicked on both yours and yours?

They respond to us, just as they sing from you, they pick up from us, what they say from you, they think about it from us?

The bourgeoisie left, but soon returned:

- No, Chief Burzhuin, Malchish-Kibalchish did not reveal the Military Secret to us. He laughed in our faces.

“There is,” he says, “and the strong Red Army has a powerful secret.” And no matter when you attack, there will be no victory for you.

“There is,” he says, “incalculable help, and no matter how much you throw into prison, you still won’t throw it in, and you will have no peace either on a bright day or on a dark night.”

“There are,” he says, “and deep secret passages.” But no matter how much you search, you still won’t find it. And if they found it, don’t fill it up, don’t lay it down, don’t fill it up. And I won’t tell you, the bourgeoisie, anything more, and you, the damned ones, will never guess.

Then the Chief Burzhuin frowned and said:

- So, bourgeois, give this secretive Malchish-Kibalchish the most terrible Torment that there is in the world, and extract from him the Military Secret, because we will have neither life nor peace without this important Secret.

The bourgeoisie left, but now they will not return soon. They walk and shake their heads.

“No,” they say, “our boss is Chief Burzhuin.” He stood pale, Boy, but proud, and he did not tell us the Military Secret, because he had such a firm word. And when we were leaving, he sank to the floor, put his ear to the heavy stone of the cold floor, and would you believe it, O Chief Bourgeois, he smiled so that we, the bourgeois, shuddered, and we were afraid that he had heard, How does our inevitable death walk through secret passages?..

- What country is it? - the surprised Chief Burzhuin then exclaimed. - What kind of incomprehensible country is this, in which even such little children know the Military Secret and keep their firm word so tightly? Hurry up, bourgeois, and destroy this proud Malchish. Load the cannons, take out your sabers, open our bourgeois banners, because I hear our signalmen sounding the alarm and our wavers waving their flags. Apparently, we will now have not an easy battle, but a difficult battle.

And Malchish-Kibalchish died...

hot stone

(Excerpts from a fairy tale by A. Gaidar)

Smeared with mud and clay, Ivashka struggled to pull a stone out of the swamp and, sticking out his tongue, lay down at the foot of the mountain on the dry grass.

"Here! - he thought. “Now I’ll roll a stone up the mountain, a lame old man will come, break the stone, become younger and start living all over again.” People say that he suffered a lot of grief. He is old, lonely, beaten, wounded and, of course, has never seen a happy life. And other people saw her.” Why is he, Ivashka, young, and even then he has already seen such a life three times. This is when he was late for class and a completely unfamiliar driver gave him a ride in a shiny car from the collective farm stables to the school itself. This is when in the spring he caught a large pike in a ditch with his bare hands. And finally, when Uncle Mitrofan took him with him to the city for the merry May Day holiday.

“So let the unfortunate old man see a good life,” Ivashka generously decided.

He stood up and patiently pulled the stone up the mountain.

And before sunset, an old man came to the mountain to the exhausted and chilled Ivashka, who was huddled and drying his dirty, wet clothes near a hot stone.

“Why, grandpa, didn’t you bring a hammer, an ax, or a crowbar?” - cried the surprised Ivashka. “Or do you hope to break the stone with your hand?”

“No, Ivashka,” answered the old man, “I don’t hope to break it with my hand.” I won't break the stone at all, because I don't want to start living all over again.

Then the old man approached the amazed Ivashka and stroked his head. Ivashka felt the old man’s heavy palm tremble.

“You, of course, thought that I was old, lame, ugly and unhappy,” the old man said to Ivashka. “But in fact, I am the happiest person in the world.”

A blow from a log broke my leg, but that was when we, still clumsily, were tearing down fences and building barricades, raising an uprising against the Tsar, whom you only saw in the picture.

My teeth were knocked out, but that was when, thrown into prison, we sang revolutionary songs together. In battle, they cut my face with a saber, but this was when the first people’s regiments were already beating and crushing the white enemy army.

On the straw, in the low, cold barracks, I tossed about in delirium, sick with typhus. And the words that sounded over me more menacingly than death were the words that our country was surrounded and the enemy’s power was overpowering us. But, waking up with the first ray of the newly sparkling sun, I learned that the enemy had been defeated again and that we were advancing again.

And, happy, from bed to bed we stretched out our bony hands to each other and then timidly dreamed that even if not with us, but after us, our country would be as it is now - powerful and great. Isn’t this, stupid Ivashka, happiness?! And what do I need another life? Another youth? When mine was difficult, but clear and honest!

Here the old man fell silent, took out his pipe and lit a cigarette.

- Yes, grandfather! - Ivashka said quietly then. - But if so, then why did I try and drag this stone up the mountain, when it could very calmly lie in its swamp?

“Let it lie in plain sight,” said the old man, “and you will see, Ivashka, what will come of it.”

Many years have passed since then, but that stone still lies on that mountain unbroken.

And a lot of people visited him. They will come up, look, think, shake their heads and go home.

I was on that mountain once. Somehow I had an uneasy conscience, a bad mood. “Well,” I thought, “I’ll just hit the stone and start living all over again!”

However, he stood still and came to his senses in time.

“Eh! - I think the neighbors will say when they see me looking younger. - Here comes the young fool! He apparently failed to live one life the way he should, he didn’t see his happiness and now he wants to start the same thing all over again.”

According to the writer’s son, T.A. Gaidar, this fairy tale contains the writer’s life credo - life is given

a person once, he needs to live it with dignity, it cannot be “rewritten in full” later. Addressing young readers in a fairy tale, Arkady Gaidar says something intimate about himself: “And what do I need any other life? Another youth? When mine was difficult, but clear and honest!”

Roots

Golikovs is a peasant surname. “Golik” was the name of a broom or broom made only from twigs. They put Golik on a stick and swept the yard. It was also used for scrubbing floors.

Arkady Petrovich's grandfather, Isidor Danilovich, was a serf of the Golitsyn princes. Served in the army for 25 years. At the age of 43 he returned home to Shchigry. He got married and took up his hereditary craft - wood chipping.

Arkady Petrovich always remembered that on his father’s side he had peasant roots. Having become a journalist, he liked to mention on occasion that his grandfather was a serf.

Arkady Petrovich's father, Pyotr Isidorovich, dreamed of becoming a teacher since childhood. He hatched a project that was fantastic for those times - to teach all children in Russia to read and write.

At the cost of considerable hardship, Pyotr Golikov graduated from the teachers' seminary.

Later, in the Golikovs’ house in Arzamas, four volumes of the book “The Great Reform” stood in a prominent place. They outlined the tragic history of the Russian peasantry. Pyotr Isidorovich wanted his eldest son, Arkady, and daughters to always remember where they came from.

Another grandfather of the future writer, Arkady Gennadievich Salkov, was a hereditary nobleman. The men in this family chose military service from generation to generation.

When the eldest daughter, Natasha, was born, the family was noticeably poor. Natasha's mother soon died. The stepmother appeared in the house. New children were born. Natasha had to babysit them.

The girl graduated from high school with a gold medal. This entitled her to the position of primary school teacher. Natasha did not want to remain a nanny and servant in a house where she felt like a stranger, and left the family.

Soon Natasha met Pyotr Golikov. He was five years older. Peter proposed to Natasha. She accepted it. Natasha was 16 years old. She also had a dream - to become a doctor. Women were not accepted into the medical faculty. Natasha entered Miklashevsky's courses in Nizhny Novgorod and became a midwife.

Family

The Golikovs lived and worked in Lgov, then moved to Arzamas. Pyotr Isidorovich taught at first, but the teacher's salary then, as now, was small... Arkady became the first-born. The family grew. Following the son, three daughters appeared. Pyotr Isidorovich became an official. He was involved in excise duty - that is, collecting taxes on vodka.

At first, the family was infinitely happy.

Arkady's parents were engaged in self-education. We read poems to each other that we remembered by heart. There was a lot of singing in the house. For family holidays, in addition to other gifts, poetic gifts were also prepared. Arkady began speaking in rhyme and composing poetry long before he learned to read and write.

Gaidar later reproduced the festive atmosphere that reigned in the family in the story “Chuk and Gek”. A mother and two boys travel across all of Russia, through the remote taiga, just to see their father. Happiness is when the whole family is together.

The eternal holiday in the Golikov family lasted for several years. Then a cooling began between the parents. The father, a peasant son, became a homely man. All romance of life, he believed, was left behind. And the mother, feeling deprived of feminine joys, continued to dream of a diverse and bright existence.

Arkady loved his father very much, who was an excellent storyteller. The boy liked to tell his father about what he read and saw. In 1914, when Pyotr Isidorovich was taken to the front, ten-year-old Arkady missed him and ran away to the front. Of course, he didn’t get to his father. He was returned from the road, but his decisive and touching act was remembered in the family.

Second grader with great talent

In 1914, Arkady turned ten. He was sent to the Arzamas real school. It had a good reputation. Here Arkady met literature teacher Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov, who became the boy’s mentor for several years. Under the name of the craft teacher Galka, he is depicted in the story “School”.

They said about Nikolai Nikolaevich that he traveled halfway around the world, knew ten languages, could teach at the capital’s university, but chose Arzamas Real. Why is still unclear. It was Galka who gave Arkady and his classmates “advice for life”: to take care of and skillfully develop their memory. “Learn poetry or passages of prose text every day. Or a foreign language. The time spent will be returned to you with interest.”

Arkady already knew many poems and songs by heart. And then he began to learn poetry on purpose. Soon Arkady's memory began to amaze those around him. He memorized tests of textbooks and books he read almost entirely. Later in the army, Golikov remembered all the curves of the terrain, huge sheets of maps, the names of hundreds of soldiers, their biographies, all the information necessary for the commander. And, having become a writer, he remembered the texts of his main books word by word. There are many memories of how Arkady Petrovich went out to the public without a single piece of paper and read a new story or story from memory.

Once Galka assigned a homework essay on the topic “An old friend is better than two new ones.” Arkady wrote about his father.

“I find, Golikov, that you have literary abilities,” said Galka. - And early awakened abilities are very rare. I would be pleased if you would take the time to visit me at my apartment.

The first recognition came to Arkady at the age of eleven. And all the time, before Golikov left for the front, Galka led and guided him through life, as a person with great talent. Galka selected history books for him; domestic and foreign classics; talked with Arkady about what he had read, talked about the dramatic destinies of writers. Galka's apartment, where not only Arkady came, but dozens of students visited here every day, became a literary university for Golikov. The only one in my entire life.

It is no coincidence: after going through the civil war, having written his first story, Arkady Golikov will travel across all of Russia, find Galka, who by that time will have moved to Leningrad, to show him the manuscript...

Responsible for everyone

When Arkady was just over a year old, a little sister appeared in the family, Natasha - Talochka. And the mother explained to her son:

You are the eldest now. You are now responsible for Talochka. So that she'll be okay. So that no one would offend her.

Then Katya and Olya were born. Arkady was their elder brother too, that is, he was responsible for their every step and action. He went for walks with them and read books to them. If the sisters got sick, he gave medicines by the hour. Gradually, the boy developed the habit of being responsible for others.

During his first school winter, Arkady and his friends went to the Tesha River to skate. The ice was not particularly strong. But to ride on it, you didn’t need anything thicker. We set off in a gang: Arkady, Kudryavtsev, Kolya Kiselev and several more people.

Let's go for a ride. Arkady headed to the shore and unscrewed his skates. I was getting ready to go home and suddenly I heard a cry: “Get ashore! Get out to shore!

Arkady looked around and saw: Kolya Kiselev had fallen through the ice and was trying to get out of the hole. And Kostya Kudryavtsev, being at a considerable distance, gave useless advice. Meanwhile, Kolya had little chance of salvation. As soon as he grabbed the edge of the hole, the ice broke off.

Arkashka, to the rescue! - Kudryavtsev called.

Kissel! I'm coming to you! - Golikov shouted.

Arkady stepped onto the ice, then lay down and crawled. The ice under Arkady himself broke up, and Golikov also found himself in the water. Instantly his wet clothes pulled him down. There was nowhere to wait for help. There was no hope for Kudryavtsev and the others.

Arkady disappeared under the water. Suddenly everything began to boil in front of Kiselyov. Arkady surfaced, spat out water and shouted:

It's s-small here! It's small here! - and clapped his hands. The water was up to his neck.

Golikov took two steps towards Kiselev. He disappeared under the water again. But this no longer frightened him. He grabbed Kolya by the sleeve and pulled him onto land...

Nikolai Nikolaevich Kiselev, a retired colonel, a participant in three wars, and a recipient of many military awards, told me about this.

If it weren’t for Arkady’s determination,” said Nikolai Nikolaevich, “my life would have ended at the bottom of Tesha.”

Colonel Nikolai Nikolaevich Kiselev. Polish front. 1944

Revolution

When Nicholas II abdicated the throne and power in Russia passed to the Provisional Government, a “fun time” began for Arkady and his peers. In quiet Arzamas, rallies broke out at every turn. Everything has changed in the boring and strict reality. Student committees emerged in each class.

Many parties arose in Arzamas. The most interesting people gathered in the Bolshevik club. Arkady began going there. He was noticed among other boys and brought to work. It consisted, first of all, in running somewhere, notifying someone or bringing something.

Zigzag of fate

War is the availability of weapons. I know from myself: I also had a TT pistol during the last war. Leningrad boys brought weapons from abandoned trenches near the city. You could find everything there - from revolvers and German Schmeissers to Degtyarev light machine guns.

The same thing happened in civilian life.

Arkady Golikov writes in his diary (January 1918): “I was at the evening and bought a r--r.” Two insignificant events are combined into one line: dancing with pretty girls from the gymnasium where sister Natasha studied, and the acquisition of weapons.

The small Mauser, which Gaidar would talk about in detail twelve years later in the story “School,” was cheap. Neither Arkady nor his mother, Natalya Arkadyevna, who alone fed a family of six, could have much money.

A use for the Mauser was found very soon. We read in the same diary: “At night (in Arzamas. - B.K.) there is shooting. Berezin and I go on patrol... At night (Arkady and Berezin - B.K.) shot at the cathedral, both hit the windows.”

Standard boyish hooliganism.

Arkady's childhood ended suddenly. Golikov came to the station for some reason. There was a train on the siding. Nearby, on the platform, a boy in full Red Army uniform was dancing dashingly. The fighters clapped to the beat and shouted to the dancer: “Come on, Pashka, come on, Gypsy!”

When the dance ended, Arkady approached the Gypsy. His real name was Nikitin. Gypsy was a nickname. Pashka had already served in the detachment for a year. He was taken as the son of the regiment.

What if I ask? - Arkady became interested.

Let's go! - Pashka readily agreed.

We came to the commander's compartment. He removed the formal interrogation from Arkady and said:

Accept, Pavel, a new comrade. - And after that:

How old are you, Arkady?

Fourteen! - the happy recruit answered joyfully.

Fourteen?! - the commander was amazed. - Then, brother Arkady, grow up. I thought you were at least sixteen.

Golikov did not know that he would still meet with Pashka Nikitin in Khakassia.

His mother found out that Arkady almost went to the front. And she took her own measures. A communist battalion was being formed in Arzamas. Efim Osipovich Efimov was appointed his commander. Natalya Arkadyevna begged Efimov to take Arkady as an adjutant. Efimov talked with a smart, well-read boy. And took. Arkady was given a uniform. They put him on allowance and paid him a salary. The house immediately became more satisfying.

The service was not very difficult. Wrote from dictation. I kept an eye on incoming messages. I traveled with Efimov in a letter carriage, either to Nizhny or to Kazan.

And a month and a half later, Efimov was suddenly appointed commander of the troops to protect the railways of the Republic. The headquarters is in Moscow. Efimov took the intelligent boy, who had an excellent understanding of documents and was efficient, to the capital. Arkady was not yet 15 years old at that time.

You are heavy, adjutant's hat

My tireless opponent V.A. Soloukhin rhetorically asked in his “historical novel” “Salt Lake”: “For what merits did Arkady Golikov become the commander’s adjutant?”

And here there was no need for merit. What was needed here, first of all, was a head. How many adjutants of commanders can we still find today who would have time to read all of Pushkin and Gogol, the novels of Leo Tolstoy and Goncharov, Shakespeare’s tragedies, and have watched all the new films and theater productions? And all this by the age of 14? Adjutants who would be distinguished by excellent memory, good speech, good manners, efficiency and impeccable morality?

...What the work of the commander's adjutant consisted of was collected bit by bit. Efimov came to his office at six in the morning. Arkady got up at five. I doused myself with cold water. Then he went to the duty officer at the headquarters and listened. What information was received overnight from railway junctions and stations. I jotted all this down in a notebook.

After that he went up to the telegraph operators. Here the sorted dispatches were waiting for him. I returned to the reception and waited for the call. The bell rang.

The commander sat under a huge, wall-sized map of railways. The morning reports consisted of two parts: the general situation at the fronts and the situation on the railways. Arkady remembered geographical names, numbers of trains with which incidents occurred, the number of damaged locomotives and carriages. The time required to eliminate accidents on each section of the railway network.

The information was extensive. When E.O. Efimov was summoned by the commander of the Eastern Front, I.I. Vatsetis, then Efimov took Arkady with him.

The report required many maps. If there were no factory maps of a certain area, Arkady unfolded the diagrams that he made himself and gave explanations on them.

Since all information from different parts of the country flowed primarily to Arkady, Efimov assigned him one more responsibility: he made Golikov the head of the communications center of the entire headquarters. Arkady was now not only the first to receive all the information - he was also responsible for the uninterrupted work of the telegraph operators who sat at the machines, controlled the activities of the most secret people in the headquarters - the cryptographers; was responsible for the operation of complex, old equipment that often broke down.

When difficult conditions arose at the fronts, we had to sleep no more than two hours. Once Golikov and Efimov did not sleep for three days.

Any boy in Arkady's place would be happy. His military service began with an unprecedentedly high position. But Golikov himself was dissatisfied with his position. He wanted to go to the front. Wrote a report. Efimov tore it up. Arkady wrote another. It became obvious: the boy would not stop.

“Okay,” Efimov agreed. - Just go to study first. Those who have been shot at are taken to command courses from the age of eighteen. But I called Vatsetis - he allowed it.

Golikov was sent to the Moscow command courses of the Red Army, which were located on Pyatnitskaya Street.

But the educational institution was transferred to Kyiv. To Ukraine. The front passed there.*

Two years - in six months

The program of the Kyiv command courses included: Russian language, arithmetic, natural history. History, geography, geometry, infantry regulations, fortification, machine gun business, tactics, topography, basics of artillery, military administration. After lunch - practice.

These were: drill exercises, topographical exercises on the ground, horseback riding, exercises with edged weapons and every day of shooting: from a rifle, revolvers of various systems and Maxim, Lewis and Hotchkiss machine guns.

The classes lasted a total of twelve hours. And two hours were allotted for self-preparation.

It was a two-year officer's infantry school program. It had to be mastered in six months. But it was obvious to the cadets and teachers that it was unlikely that the current intake would be able to study for such a long period. Listeners were thrown into breakthroughs every now and then. Not everyone returned.

One day, the cadets were put on a ship and taken from Kyiv down the Dnieper. By the end of the day, a light landing stage appeared overboard. On the pediment there was a dark inscription: “KANIV”. Arkady knew from his parents that the great Ukrainian poet Taras Grigorievich Shevchenko was buried here, in the city of Kanev. Arkady could not see his grave from the side of the ship.

Did Golikov's intuition tell him anything? Could he have imagined that on the edge of a high coastal cliff one day there would appear his, Arkady’s, grave and a monument above it? And very close by is the Library-museum, which will be named after him? Children - schoolchildren from all over the then vast country - will send money for construction.

Before perestroika, according to the staff of the Library - Museum, the grave of A.P. Up to 200,000 children and adults came to Gaidar every year.

One hundred and eighty death row

Arkady knew how and loved to study. He had a powerful, analytical and systematizing mind. And memory instantly and forever absorbed information about past wars; about the happy and unhappy destinies of commanders, about the prose of a commander's craft.

The next day, at seven in the morning, one hundred and eighty students lined up for the last time on the school parade ground. Nikolai Ilyich Podvoisky, People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs of Ukraine, quickly drove up in an open car. Walking around the line, he handed each graduate a certificate with a red star on the cover. Arkady revealed his:

“During the study of comrade. A.P. Golikov showed excellent success and, based on his qualities, fully deserves the title of red commander.”

But one hundred and eighty cadets, who had been trained for six months, were thrown into the breakthrough that morning as privates. Everyone understood: there were suicide bombers on the parade ground. Gaidar later recalled:

“Podvoisky addressed us with a speech:

You go into tough battles. Many of you will never return from the coming battles. So, in memory of those who will not return, who will have the great honor of dying for the Revolution,” here he pulled out a saber, “the orchestra will play the “Funeral March.” The orchestra began to play...

“I had goosebumps all over my body,” admitted Arkady Petrovich. “None of us wanted to die. But this funeral march seemed to tear us away from fear, and no one thought about death anymore.”

I can’t say whether there was a kamikaze suicide squad in Japan in 1919. In the first generation, these were “torpedo people.” Before crawling into their “cigar” to point it at the side of an enemy ship, they drank a ritual cup of rice vodka. The ritual symbolized the participation of still living suicide bombers at their own commemoration.

Did Podvoisky, an intelligent and well-read man, know about the Japanese ritual? Or did Nikolai Ilyich come up with the land version of the ritual himself? Be that as it may, Podvoisky led one hundred and eighty young commanders through a ceremony that burned away the fear of death in Golikov.

Forever.

The writer Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was sentenced to death in his youth. He and his comrades were to be shot. When everything was ready on the parade ground for the execution, a paper arrived from the king. The execution of all those sentenced to death was replaced by hard labor.

The last minutes before the canceled execution turned out to be the most terrifying in Dostoevsky's life. The horror he experienced haunted him throughout his life.

And Gaidar spoke about how, at the age of 15, he attended his own funeral, only once, in a quiet table conversation. Ironically, Arkady Petrovich’s listener turned out to be a certain Boris Zaks, who hated him all his life.

"I replaced it..."

Half the company spent the night in the village of Kozhukhovka. At night the whites attacked. In the confusion, the commander, Yashka Oksuz, was killed. The soldiers were confused and stopped under fire. The death of the commander turned into a disaster. Feeling in his spine that the last moments that could change something were passing, Golikov shouted: “Forward - for our Yashka!” He won the fight.

In December 1940, Arkady Petrovich wrote in his diary: “Oksyuz Yashka was killed in front of me, I replaced him.”

The half-company was a commander's company. Each of them had a Kraskomov ID in their pocket. Having buried Yashka, the half-company gathered to choose a new commander. Selected Golikova. The youngest one. At that time he was fifteen years and seven months old.

A few days later Golikov became a company commander.

In December of the same 1919, Golikov was “concussed in the head and wounded in the leg” by a “shrapnel shell explosion.” This not very severe concussion and not very serious injury later turned into a disaster for Golikov.

"The Caucasus is below me..."

I have already told you that a certain S.R. from the magazine “Interlocutor” claimed that Golikov established Soviet power throughout the Caucasus and that the allegedly cruelty of the “future writer” is remembered there to this day.

Order No. 100 of April 9, 1920: “The arriving... instructor Arkady Golikov is to be included in the regiment lists... with appointment to the post of platoon commander from April 8, 1920.”*

Especially for Mr. S.R. Let me clarify: below the position of “platoon commander” there is only the position of “squad commander”. In the entire history of military affairs on the Planet, not a single platoon commander has won a single “world-historical victory.”

Two months later, Golikov was appointed company commander. What the company did is evidenced by the entries in the combat log of the 303rd regiment.

July 18. Art. Belorechenskaya... The regiment was quartered... and took over guarding the village and the surrounding area...

After a continuous week-long trek, the people... were very tired, many were sick and barefoot (this is in a mountainous area! - B.K.), the horses were exhausted and required forging, the convoy (i.e., carts - B.K.) needed repairs , and for some carts a complete replacement.”

What did our hero’s personal participation in these events look like?

...From the “Certification for the commander of the 4th company, comrade. Arkady Golikov":

“... Although by the time Comrade arrived. Golikov in our regiment, the front had already been liquidated and therefore I cannot judge in purely combat terms, but judging by his conscious attitude to the matter, clear and sensible orders (thanks to which he established correct relations with the Red Army soldiers as both a comrade and a commander), it is possible to think that he will retain these qualities in any situation.

Battalion commander - two V. Sorokin.

This is what the conquest and ruin of “the entire Caucasus” looked like, as if carried out by sixteen-year-old Arkasha.

At the end of September, as part of the second battalion, Arkady Golikov held the defense at the Tuba Pass.

From the regiment's combat log:

“September 28. ... the battalion, lacking good uniforms, found itself in a very bad position, since it was snowing on the pass. Many Red Army soldiers do not have decent shoes and absolutely no overcoats... there is absolutely no food. There is absolutely no salt...

(The fighters - B.K.) are in very bad conditions.”

Only in mid-October was the second battalion replaced.

From the order for the 303rd Infantry Regiment: “October 14 (1920 - B.K.). There are two instructors for assignments with the battalion commander. Arkady Golikov, who left for the brigade headquarters... for a trip to command staff courses, presumably on a long business trip...”

Company commander. 1920 Caucasian Front

It is clear that the false Gaidar scholars, led by Vladimir Alekseevich Soloukhin, did not set foot in the halls of the Russian State Military Archive, where these papers are stored. Just as new Gaidar scholars have not tired themselves of reading works about Gaidar, where many documents were collected and commented on a quarter of a century ago.

A cadet with the makings of a great commander

The commander of the second battalion V. Sorokin, giving a description of the commander of the 4th company A.P. on June 29, 1920 in Sochi. Golikov, pointed out: “In my battalion, he (Golikov. - B.K.) is so far only the only one who meets the requirements for being sent to higher (command. - B.K.) courses.” Arkady Petrovich was sent to Moscow, to the famous Shot school. He was accepted as a student of the junior section - company commanders.

Less than a month had passed - it became obvious: he had nothing to do on this course: he knew and could do more than others.

Golikov is transferred to the battalion commanders' department.

Another month passes. The school's credentials committee is meeting again. Among other questions, a very unusual one: about the new translation of A.P. Golikov from the department of battalion commanders to the department of regiment commanders. Golikov receives this transfer. And he is only 16 years old.

February 1921. Just two weeks ago Arkady Petrovich turned seventeen. He is given a mandate to graduate from the “tactical department” with the right to the post of regiment commander. “Vystrel” turned out to be the second educational institution that Golikov managed to graduate from. There remained, the third and last, where he could still continue his education: the Academy of the General Staff.

Seventeen-year-old regiment commander

He was sent to Voronezh. Position - regiment commander.

Golikov (at 17 years old!) was not devoid of ambition. But such a rapid rise alarmed even him. “I’m writing to you from Voronezh,” he informed his father, “... now I’m sitting and thinking about the work that lies ahead for me starting tomorrow, who is taking command of the 23rd reserve regiment, numbering about 4,000 bayonets... at the first opportunity I’ll try to take it a little lower - a pomkompolka or a regiment of a field rifle division of not so many...”

Golikov received this position because the entire commanding staff of the regiment was arrested, who planned to go with all the fighters to the side of Alexander Antonov.

With the appearance of the commander from Moscow, new arrests were expected. Golikov did not bring a single person to trial. What did the 17-year-old “conqueror of the Caucasus” do?

Golikov started with economic issues and made three important decisions:

1. on the mandatory and immediate bathing of all soldiers and regiment commanders;

2. about the methods of boiling and frying the uniforms of Red Army soldiers to exterminate lice in their clothes;

3. on the construction of new, clean, relatively comfortable public regimental latrines for four thousand soldiers, in order to reduce the risk of the spread of cholera as a result of direct contact of soldiers with contaminated feces in old, littered toilets...

Sorry for the details. I am not a free writer of fiction with a free flight of historical and poetic thought. I'm a documentarian. Archival documents detail the quite tangible and olfactory details associated with soldiers’ toilets for 4,000 people. I am only quoting them.

The series of decisions was completed by a generalized order:

“In view of the emerging cases of cholera, I propose that commanders and commissars be held personally responsible. The senior doctor... take decisive action... Wherever defects are discovered, the perpetrators will be tried by a court-martial.

Regimental Commander A. Golikov.”

The new regiment commander spent an hour and a half in the hospital, where Red Army soldiers affected by the rash were treated. After this, Golikov turned to the regimental doctor with the unusual surname De-Notkin with a request: to take him to a remote barracks. The doctor objected violently. Then the regiment commander ordered him to do this.

Cholera patients were treated in a remote building. The regiment commander considered it necessary to visit them too. Are you, dear reader, ready to spend an hour or two in the infectious diseases department of today's hospital, where the level of fight against bacterial diseases has increased significantly over the past 80 years? I know from experience (after all, I am a healer!) There is little pleasant in such a visit. And that was 1921. You can get an idea about the arsenal of medicine of that time, about the successes in the treatment of cholera, by looking through the book “Notes of a Doctor” by Vikenty Vikentievich Veresaev.

Of course, I could retell individual sections of this book - I don’t want to introduce you, dear reader, into a state of semi-tetanus.

And 17-year-old Arkady Golikov believed: he is responsible for every person entrusted to him. He visited the cholera barracks and talked with the patients. Golikov wanted to know whether the sick were being treated well; he needed to understand how everyone became infected with cholera: dirty hands; other manifestations of unsanitary conditions; or sabotage, deliberate infection, the possibility of which intelligence warned?

New appointment

The 23rd regiment in Voronezh was a reserve regiment. It did not take any part in hostilities and was soon disbanded. That is why at the beginning of April 1921 A.P. Golikov was sent to a new place of service - in Tambov.

Here, in the Tambov region, the most brutal struggle in the entire history of the civil war took place. It was provoked by the Soviet government with its sadistic attitude towards the breadwinner - the peasant. The peasant (according to Marxist-Leninist economic “discoveries”) was considered a petty bourgeois. And the Soviet government brainlessly tortured him with laws, taxes and additional levies. We see the fruits of these “brilliant discoveries” and tireless activity to this day, seeing the poverty of our villages. In the Tambov region, mockery of the peasant took on especially cynical forms.

Here a rebellion broke out under the leadership of Alexander Antonov. The unprecedented tenacity of the rebels was explained simply: local peasants took part in the struggle. Families were involved in the riot.

Antonov spent a long time and skillfully preparing his rebellion. In reality, he had about 50,000 people under arms and in his mobile reserve. Some were better armed, others worse. But 50,000 “forest brothers”, who had nowhere to retreat because they had their own hut behind them, became a force of frightening tenacity.

The commander of the Tambov province troops, M.N. Tukhachevsky, appointed Arkady Golikov (at the age of 17!) as commander of the 58th separate regiment. The regiment consisted of 4,000 soldiers.

After some time, Golikov became the acting commander of the combat area. He had 6,000 people at his disposal.

Vladimir Soloukhin, in his deceitful book “Salt Lake,” informed the Planet that it was in the Tambov province that Arkady Golikov committed especially many atrocities.

What really happened?

TO BE CONTINUED