Flat roofs with reinforced concrete supporting structures. The design of the attic roof of a one-and-a-half-story house The process of repairing pitched roofs
First you need to figure out what a one-and-a-half-story house is. This is a house with an attic, that is, the upper floor of such a building has a smaller area, which is reduced due to the roof slopes. Because to the height attic floor walls are not understood, the roof of a one-and-a-half-story house simultaneously serves as walls, that is, it must not only protect from precipitation and effectively drain rain and melt water, but also perform the functions of enclosing structures, reliably protecting the room from cold and noise.
First you need to understand what an attic is. Essentially, this is a living space located in the attic area and formed by the roof slopes. It is advantageous to build houses with an attic for aesthetic and economic reasons. The advantages of such buildings include the following:
- Without spending money on building a full second floor, the owners receive additional living space.
- The time to build a house with an attic is less than the time required to build a full-fledged one two-story house with the same living area.
- The attic floor can be equipped in an already inhabited house. At the same time, you do not need to move out of it during the installation of the attic.
- With proper arrangement of the attic, you can significantly reduce the heat loss of the building as a whole.
- Attic buildings make it possible to increase the building density, which is important where the amount of land allocated for housing is limited.
Important! Only a room in which the horizontal line of intersection of the slopes and walls is located from the floor of the upper floor at a height of at least 1.5 meters can be called attic. Otherwise, this space is called an attic.
Types of mansard roofs
A one-and-a-half-story house can overlap different roof. In many ways, the shape of the attic space depends on the type of roof chosen. The attic floor itself can have a triangular, asymmetrical or broken shape. Moreover, it can be located both over the entire area of the house, and over its separate part.
Suitable for houses with one and a half floors the following types roofs:
- The simplest option is pitched roof. This is an ordinary inclined plane that rests on two opposite load-bearing walls the buildings.
- Gable or gable design is used most often. It is quite reliable, easy to install and consists of two slopes running in different sides from the ridge.
- Broken roofing is a type gable system. Typically this option is used in small buildings. It is ideal for arranging an attic, as it allows you to maximize the usable area of the room.
- Half-hip and hip design are a type hipped roof. If we talk about a half-hip roof, then it is more suitable for arranging an attic, since it allows you to make two vertical windows in the end walls under the shortened hips. Under a hip roof, the area of the attic floor will be significantly smaller than the area of the first floor.
- Pyramid, dome and conical roof are also suitable for these purposes, although it will be more difficult to arrange an attic under them.
Design features
Structurally, all attics can be divided into several types:
- single-level system under a sloping or gable roof;
- single-level attic with remote consoles;
- two-level structure on mixed type supports.
Attention! When choosing a type of roof for arranging the attic floor, focus on the intensity of snow and wind loads on the roof surface.
When settling in mansard roof The following requirements must be taken into account:
- When choosing building materials and the design scheme, it is necessary to take into account the parameters and characteristics of the building as a whole.
- It is important not to forget about lighting attic premises. For this you can use attic and dormer windows, as well as ordinary vertical windows in the walls under shortened hips. When choosing the location of windows, it is worth considering the architectural appearance of the building.
- It is worth not forgetting about the stairs, with which you can get to the attic. It must be located inside the house, have a normal slope and be safe.
- Particular care must be taken when choosing a roofing covering, thermal insulation material for the roof, waterproofing and sealing of all joints and cracks.
If the roof slopes intersect with the walls of the house very close to the floor level of the attic floor, then the rafter gap is sewn up lightweight structures to the standard height (1.5 m). The space behind the vertical cladding can be used to organize storage areas.
It is worth knowing: the width of the structure in which it is planned to equip the attic must be at least 4.5 m. The minimum area of the attic floor is 7 m². Height to usable area should be 1 to 2.
A broken mansard roof is made if the dimensions of the room do not fit into the triangle, which is formed by a conventional gable structure. With the broken option, you can reduce the useless area that will be hidden behind the side lining to the required height.
The optimal attic height is 2.5 m. When used sloping roof it is easier to achieve the required parameter. In any case, it is important to remember that the greater the angle of inclination of the roof slopes, the higher and more spacious the attic will be. Optimal angle slope rafter system in this case it is approximately 45-60°.
Roofing pie for attic roof
To ensure that the living space under the roof is warm and quiet, the design should include the following layers:
- Must be attached to the bottom of the rafters vapor barrier film. It will not allow condensation to accumulate in the thermal insulation material due to the temperature difference in the house and outside.
- It is laid between the rafters thermal insulation material. To keep the attic warm, you need to lay insulation 200 mm thick. If the height of the rafters is not enough for this, a beam of the required section is nailed to them from below.
- To the top edge of the rafters using construction stapler Be sure to attach waterproofing. It will not allow rain and melt water to penetrate to supporting frame and insulation.
- After the waterproofing carpet comes the counter batten. It is needed to form a ventilation gap, which is especially important for attic roofs. A 30-40 mm high rake will provide ventilation of the space between the waterproofing and the roofing. It is nailed directly to the rafters on top of the waterproofing carpet.
- After the counterbatten, continuous or sparse lathing is performed. Its choice depends on the type of roofing used. Thus, under roofs made of soft rolled materials (for example, flexible tiles) a continuous sheathing made of boards, OSB or moisture-resistant plywood is installed. The sparse lathing is made from boards 0.25 cm thick and is suitable for corrugated sheets, metal tiles, and ondulin. If the coating is heavy enough (slate, natural tiles), then continuous sheathing is done along the eaves overhangs, in the area of the ridge, valleys and roof ribs.
- Roofing covering must be selected taking into account climatic features region, roof slope and room requirements.
Important! In an attic covered with metal tiles or profiled sheets, it can be too noisy during rain and hail. It is worth considering this fact if you plan to place a bedroom there.
It is also worth remembering that the ventilation space created by the counter batten will only be effectively ventilated if appropriate aeration openings are left under the face ridge element and at the bottom of the eaves overhang.
Nowadays people know their rights. They know that if the roof of their house leaks, they can, through the court, demand that the person responsible legal entity compensation for repairs and moral damage. Moreover, they know that this, as they say, is a sure thing - the court in the overwhelming majority of such cases will be on the side of the plaintiff.
And the amount of compensation can reach hundreds of thousands of rubles. To every owner! Of which there are from 12 to 24 in an average apartment building - according to the number of apartments on the upper floors. And this doesn’t even include legal costs!
The reason that roofs leak as scheduled is the practice of waterproofing roofs with cheap materials that has not been eliminated since Soviet times. roll materials based on bitumen. Every spring, residents thunder with anger at the management organizations, but the situation is still the same.
But if previously the matter was dealt with only by complaints, now more and more often the culprit has to pay in rubles. We have already said that people now know their rights well! The desire to save on material when waterproofing a roof in our time can easily cause bankruptcy of the organization responsible for operating the house.
Well, roofing felt cannot resist cold weather and seasonal temperature changes for long! It will definitely crack and begin to leak water. As a result, the waterproofing has to be renewed almost every year. It's getting ridiculous - the multi-ton cake is already half a meter long, and water flows through the cracks in it, like through a sieve.
However, if you are one of the people responsible for roof repairs in apartment buildings, you already know all this well. You may also know that materials have long been invented that make it possible to create simply indestructible waterproofing that will never leak during the entire life of the house!
We are talking about waterproofing based on so-called elastomers - polyuria or, as it is called in our country, polyurea, as a substrate under the waterproofing layer of which polyurethane foam is sprayed, which acts as a heat insulator.
Finally, forget about complaints and lawsuits from residents forever!
Well, it's true! How long can you step on the same rake every year!? After all, polyurea guaranteed protection from leaks.
She resistant to severe mechanical stress: crows feasting on the roof, snow removers and other “saboteurs” will have to seriously sweat in order to somehow damage the waterproofing layer based on it. In other words, by sending a team to the roof to clear the snow, you no longer have to fear that, after these idiots frolic there, you will traditionally receive a barrage of complaints about the transformation living rooms to the showers.
This kind of coating frost-resistant and easy tolerates temperature changes— normal operating mode is in the range from -40°C to +80°C. Which, by the way, cannot be said about many other coatings, for which, as we have already mentioned, this is generally a sore point.
Frost resistance is achieved, firstly, by the fact that the coating is completely seamless: there are no cracks into which water can penetrate and, upon freezing, expand them. Secondly, polyurea, along with strength, also has incredible elasticity, which is almost unaffected by low temperatures. Polyurea film can be stretched more than 20 times before breaking!
If you love the Russian winter and the biting frost, then for the first time you will be able to calmly enjoy them without the underlying thought that, perhaps, right now the waterproofing on the roofs of the houses under your control is cracking. But it will be possible to check this only in the spring!
In addition, the coating is also stable... So, stop... Perhaps it would be easier to list what it is NOT resistant to. There will be only one item on this list - ultraviolet. Under its influence, polyurea gradually fades. However, this problem can be solved in the simplest way: on top of the waterproofing layer you need to apply protective mastic- and the coating will become simply invulnerable.
And one more important point. Adhesion(the ability of the applied material to “stick” to the surface being treated) of the coating is very high. It firmly “grows” to almost all types of building materials. For example, the adhesion index to concrete is 19 kg/cm2. That is, to tear off a piece of coating with an area of one centimeter applied to concrete ceiling, you need to hang at least 19 kg on it.
Waterproofing based on elastomers can last more than 30 years, and often much longer. To be honest, the house is more likely to go out of use than there will be problems with roof waterproofing. And by that time, most likely, you will already have a well-deserved pension, surrounded by love and honor: because, if a person knows how to think about others, it does not go unnoticed.
Polyurea and your career growth!
Unexpectedly, really! What connection? However, if you look at it, it becomes quite obvious.
Usually people move along career ladder in two ways: either through connections, or thanks to their personal qualities and the reputation acquired with their help. These qualities include not only professionalism and the ability to conduct business, we are also talking about a person’s worldview and his position in life.
This is where the dog is buried! When you waterproof your roof with roofing felt, your attitude towards the residents can be formulated in the words: “Here you go and get rid of it. I don’t care if you have to renovate your apartment again next spring!”
If you choose polyurea, you will get reputation as a problem solver, looming over your head for years like the sword of Damocles. Decide quickly and forever.
Reputation. It is impossible to overestimate her! Reputation among residents. Reputation with management. These things are interconnected: there are no complaints - and higher authorities cease to perceive the area under your jurisdiction as a constantly aching tooth; there are thanks - believe me, people know how to be grateful - and management will definitely pay attention to you, because such personnel are truly worth their weight in gold.
Well, and of course, your professional reputation also cannot be discounted: conversations in higher-ups about you as a competent business executive who understands technologies and materials, will definitely bear fruit!
Something more about technologies and materials
As we have already mentioned, a cake of waterproofing up to one and a half meters thick often forms on the roof. Its weight can be tens of tons! If a similar situation has developed in the houses under your control, then you understand that this can be fraught with various consequences, including roof collapse.
In my mind, of course, it is necessary to remove all this, but circumstances do not always allow it. In this case, polyurea is a real godsend:
- Except in some special cases you don't have to touch the old pie;
- Coating applied very light- it will not significantly affect the load carried by the roof;
- Waterproofing based on polyurea will become last layer pirogue— the annual increase in load on load-bearing roof structures will finally stop.
Another important point: the use of this technology allows you to achieve not only smooth, but also flawless aesthetic coverage point of view. In addition, if you wish, you can pick a color, suitable for the overall design of the house.
Why is this necessary? But it may happen that after some time a high-rise building will be built nearby, the residents of which, from the windows of their apartments, will contemplate the fruits of your waterproofing labors day after day. If the roof has a color that does not harmonize with overall design, this will create the impression of a looming “eyesore”, which is unlikely to contribute to the formation of a favorable opinion of you and your organization.
If we talk about the aesthetic component, then we need to mention something else. During the coating spraying process, we use a special robotic installation. It completely controls the thickness of the layer, which not only allows you to avoid the appearance of even minor unevenness, but also prevent excess material consumption. At large areas this significantly affects the cost of coverage.
An added bonus to the variety of benefits you will receive by waterproofing your roof with polyurea are: thermal insulation properties of the coating. We have already mentioned that a layer of polyurethane foam is used as a primer. Just two centimeters. Only! But, excuse me, these two centimeters in their heat-insulating properties are equal to masonry two bricks thick!
As you know, a significant part of the heat from an apartment on the top floor comes out through the roof. After such waterproofing, heat loss will be reduced to a minimum. In cold weather you will no longer need to use electric heaters, and in summer you will have to turn on the air conditioning less often. This is a major bonus for residents!
Oh, this notorious vapor permeability!
I would like to separately touch upon such an issue as vapor permeability. Yes, polyurea has very low vapor permeability and is about 0.8 g/m2/h. That is, through a coating film with an area of one square meter In an hour, only 0.8 grams of moisture passes through in the form of steam. But let's figure out whether vapor permeability of the roof is generally necessary on such an object as an apartment building.
Now it is fashionable to talk about “breathing” walls that allow steam to pass through, resulting from various household processes - breathing, cooking, etc. However, in essence, only... a canvas tent can be called a breathing house. It really “breathes” and allows steam to pass through. All other houses, even if they are made entirely of wood, cannot “breathe”. This is just a myth invented by log manufacturers in order to increase sales.
Any house, unless, of course, the wind whistles through cracks in the walls, must have an exhaust hood. Otherwise, condensation will certainly accumulate inside and mold will form.
The volume of steam passing through a brick or panel roof apartment building, is simply insignificant compared to the volume discharged through the hood. Therefore, the vapor permeability indicator of polyurea has absolutely no meaning in this case.
Three pillars on which the waterproofing of your roofs rests: equipment, materials and skills of workers
Did you know that even a slight inaccuracy when mixing components can lead to a deviation of the coating properties from the calculated ones?..
But not if you work with our company. After all, we use high-tech equipment firms Graco, Gusmer and Gama, distinguished in this matter by jewelry precision.
If you want to make sure of the quality of the materials used, then upon your first request we will provide you with certificates, indicating that you are not in danger of any surprises from this side. In addition, you can familiarize yourself with them in the corresponding section of our website.
And finally, the most important thing - the skill of our workers. The founder of the company, Mikhail Kucherenkov, has been spraying elastomers for more than 15 years. He worked for eight of them in Spain, learning from the experience of foreign specialists. Practice, experience and his own tricks, which he taught to all operators of our company’s polyurethane foam installations, are the guarantee that the coating will be performed at the highest level.
So that you can see everything for yourself, on our website and on the YouTube channel we post videos of work on spraying polyurethane foam and polyurea. In addition, the site header contains announcements about upcoming online broadcasts from sites where we will perform thermal or waterproofing. Look - in order to evaluate the work of a professional, in this case you do not need to be a specialist.
Minimum inconvenience during the waterproofing process
The uniqueness of waterproofing based on polyurea is that it will not only relieve you of headaches about roofs for almost half a century, but will also cause a minimum of worry when carrying out the work itself. See for yourself.
Coating speed
Oh, she is truly lightning fast! Both polyurethane foam and polyurea cure in less than a minute. After just five minutes, the layer acquires all those properties that will remain unchanged for many decades. There will be no need to wait until the first layer dries, then the second. Everything is done in hot pursuit.
It will take some time for the mastic to dry, which is needed to protect the coating from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. If one layer is applied, it will take 5-6 hours, if two - a day.
Thanks to this speed of work, you will, firstly, be able to quickly satisfy the complaints of residents, and secondly, if the scope of work is large and the houses are not in Moscow, but somewhere in the region, the living expenses of our workers will be minimal.
No traces except high-quality waterproofing
When performing all types of work, we adhere to a simple principle: after we leave, nothing remains but quality work done. We leave no waste. If something was dismantled, moved or displaced to complete the work, we return everything to its place.
Simply put, you will not need to send another brigade to restore order after us.
Why clients not only choose us, but also hold on to us with both hands
Since we are talking about the benefits of working with us, we need to say one more thing. Kucherenkoff & Co is family business. What does this give you? Confidence that all employees are motivated to carry out waterproofing at the highest level of quality.
In other companies, it often happens that workers are not personally interested in maintaining the impeccable reputation of their employer: the main thing for them is to get paid. That's why they often steal and cheat - after all, more thin layer and no one may even notice the irregularities.
It’s not like that with us: all our employees are relatives or friends, and we all understand perfectly well that a good reputation is our capital! After all, our financial well-being depends on it!
Our second point is pedantic adherence to the deadlines specified in the contract. You won’t have to make excuses to residents or management for delaying solving the problem of leaking roofs. In addition, we try to respond to requests as quickly as possible when urgency comes first.
Another plus, which is important for many of our clients, is consulting support. As in any business, there are many subtleties in the spraying of elastomers that only a specialist knows about. This applies to both application technology and the objects on which the work is carried out.
It is precisely on the second point that we provide consultation: we warn about possible difficulties, we explain how to perform preparatory work, and much more. You can be absolutely sure that you are insured against any unpleasant surprises associated with waterproofing!
This is all good, of course, but polyurea is expensive!
Of course, this is one of the main objections that comes to mind when it comes to polyurea waterproofing. But, if you look at it, it turns out interesting picture. Just for fun, add up the money spent on waterproofing with bitumen roll materials, at least over the last 10 years. Compare the amount received with our prices and, believe me, you will look at the problem differently: after all, waterproofing will no longer require repairs!
By the way, about our prices. You can do the calculation right now using the calculator below.
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Perhaps many residents apartment buildings faced such problems as leakage, as well as the insufficiently reliable condition of the roof. This includes such disadvantages as poor-quality coating, roof collapse in an old house, etc. That is why major repairs of the roof of an apartment building are one of the most urgent standing questions for many residents.
Very often, many citizens, turning for help to various authorities involved in the maintenance of houses, are faced with their complete inaction, as a result of which they collect funds for roof repairs in an apartment building on their own.
However, before contacting such bodies and paying for the services of specialists in roofing work, it is necessary to understand the reason itself. Next we will talk about what types of roofs exist in apartment buildings, as well as the problems that arise in connection with them and ways to solve them.
Types of roofing in apartment buildings
Since the types of roofs in multi-storey buildings There are several, it is important to understand the features of each of them, since repair work can vary significantly.
According to the design and shape of the roof, they are divided into:
- single-pitched (with different inclined angles);
- gable;
- multi-slope;
- pitchless (standard flat roofs);
- complex (more typical for modern buildings than for old houses).
The roof structure includes outer covering and a support located from the inside (this can be a rafter system or a reinforced concrete slab). Also required elements are drainage system, as well as layers of insulation and waterproofing. One way or another, when carrying out a major overhaul of the roof of an apartment building, it is imperative to take into account everything design features roofs.
Roof repair methods
Work on the restoration of roofs of buildings with many apartments is usually divided into two large groups: current, or temporary, and capital, or complete.
Thus, current repairs to the roof of an apartment building are carried out if any defects in the roofing system are discovered. Very often, all work comes down to replacing the old and damaged roofing covering, which is usually roofing felt, with a new one, eliminating cracks and crevices that have appeared. Based on the need, the new coating can be laid in either one or two layers. Upon completion of the repair work, all seams and joints of the roofing sheet are completely sealed with special substances.
Regarding finances, this type of repair is not too expensive, so it is more common. However, there is another type current repairs when laying a new roofing sheet is not necessary. At the site of the defect, after a preliminary incision, the edges are folded back and the internal space is carefully cleaned. Next, it is dried using and treated with a layer of construction mastic, both the coating and its base. The edges are returned to their place, after which they must be pressed tightly against each other, waiting for complete adhesion.
Places where rot has appeared are completely cut out, and the roof is cleaned. All defective areas are filled with the same mastic, and then a new piece is glued to the area being treated, close to the old material. Of course, this method of repair is far from the highest quality, but nowadays it is quite common, especially on the roofs of old houses.
A major renovation of the roof of an apartment building involves a complete remodeling of the roof. The old covering is removed from it, after which a fresh screed is poured in and a new roofing carpet is laid in two layers. Carrying out such repairs should only be trusted by specialists, since damage may occur during the work. interior decoration located on the upper floors of apartments.
If the roof of an apartment building is leaking, this may be a consequence of improperly performed work. The main work during a major overhaul is to fuse roofing felt with a special gas burner(read: " "). The underside of the roofing carpet is heated from below, after which the material is carefully pressed against the base of the roof. It is very important to control the temperature of the fire, since its incorrect indicator can lead to the destruction of the material. The covering must be laid according to the overlap principle, and all seams must be treated with construction sealant.
Factors causing roof leaks in apartment buildings
There is only one way to avoid leaks - by performing a major roof repair. The reasons for the occurrence of these unpleasant defects can be very different, but most often they appear after heavy rains or during a period of massive melting of the snow cover.
Thus, the causes of roof leaks in apartment buildings may be the following:
Roof leak detection
Before submitting an application for execution overhaul you need to clearly identify the place that is damaged. Most often, this involves comparing the location of the leak and then locating the source of damage on the roof. On soft bitumen roofs This is very easy to do - air bubbles form at the defect site.
In this case, the carpet should be replaced completely, and the necessary area should be thoroughly dried. You should not carry out this work yourself; it is better to entrust the work to specialists. But if there is a desire, detailed descriptions The entire progress of work with videos and photos can always be found in our articles on roofs and their repair.
Sometimes it happens that the problem of leaks on pitched roofs can also be complicated by rotting wooden rafter legs. With this outcome, it is usually necessary to replace not only roof covering, but also individual structural elements.
Roofs based on the fusing principle
As has already become clear, the essence of a major overhaul comes down to the installation of weldable materials. According to existing standards, planned repairs with replacement (if necessary) of individual sections of the coating must be carried out by special services twice a year.
The whole process involves fusing roofing felt and other overlapping materials with a gas burner. Such repairs should be carried out for flat roofs, which are the majority today (read: " "). This material is resistant to moisture, temperature changes, and direct ultraviolet rays.
What to do if the roof is leaking, see details in the video:
The process of repairing pitched roofs
Coated for pitched roofs Usually a different material is used. Often these are sheets of metal, treated with zinc or simply painted. Repair work in this case, they consist of finding damaged covering elements, replacing them correctly and monitoring the condition of the roof base under the covering. To do this, the material must be removed and necessary work for the restoration of the rafter and sheathing system, as well as the base itself located under the covering.
Sometimes it is impossible not to complete such an important part of the work as replacing the waterproofing layer and installing additional high-quality insulation. If the damage is insignificant, you can simply apply patches and treat all joints with sealant.
Any cracks and crevices should be filled with polyurethane-based sealant and covered with special polyurethane adhesives. It is important that the area of damage to be repaired is degreased and treated with a primer before all work. After the restoration is completed, it is customary to coat the roof with a paint specially designed for a specific roof, the functions of which are to give the coating greater strength and increase its service life.
In some cases (for example, if a metal tile system is being installed on top of an old soft tiles) this is possible. However, it is necessary to understand that a damaged base can begin to rot and, thereby, provoke failure of the new layer. This is why we would not recommend laying new materials on top of old ones. It is better to remove the damaged building material and completely complete the required work, as required by technology.
As practice shows, the vast majority of roofs in ordinary private houses are built in such a way that there is no need to dismantle them to install an additional insulating layer. roofing base. If we talk about multi-apartment buildings, then the situation is different: since fused coatings are used in multi-storey buildings, insulation becomes impossible.
If there is damage to individual structural elements, then only these parts can be replaced. In this case, the area of damage should not exceed 35%. With more large-scale problems worth producing complete replacement rafter system.
Urgent repairs required if there is a serious violation of the tightness of the coating: it may be required if part of the roof is torn off, water leaks during precipitation, peeling, rupture or swelling of the roofing material.
We provide the following warranty periods:
- soft roof: 5 years
- metal roofing: 3 years
- roll and bitumen coatings: 3 years
- polymer tiles and seam roofing: 6 years.
Any leak is a problem that requires careful and timely repair. Firstly, it is important to correctly determine the cause of the leak. Secondly, when self-repair there is a risk of damaging serviceable elements located nearby. If you are not a roofing specialist, we recommend calling a specialist who will not only fix the problem, but also provide a guarantee for his services.
In order to accurately determine the cause of the appearance of water, an examination will be carried out by a specialist. You can independently determine what is causing the appearance of moisture using the following signs:
- When a leak occurs in the roof, water begins to drip in the warm season after rain, and in the cold season during sunny weather and sudden warming.
- When condensation accumulates, moisture appears constantly and is practically independent of weather conditions.
Many of us live in standard panel “nine-story buildings,” of which a great many have been built since the seventies. At the same time, a very small number of people are interested in what exactly the building in which they live is, limiting their interests only to their apartment. And I have always been interested in how the ecosystem called “home” works.
As a child, I climbed into basements, walked from basement to basement through the windows of the heating main, looked with a flashlight into black windows overgrown with cobwebs, opened closed doors attic hatches. I was interested in everything. The structures, smells and sounds of the roofs and basements indicated that the house was not just apartments, but a whole complex of complex systems.
And in general, this complements and changes ideas about what a city is and what a person is.
So, today’s walk is on the roof of a nine-story building; the same one that I first climbed in 1995.
02. Top floor in the entrance it looks like this. It's unusual here high ceiling and there are these metal welded stairs leading to the exit to the roof.
03. To the left of the elevator (directly above the entrance to the apartments) there is such a hatch. I believe it has something to do with the maintenance of elevator equipment.
04. We go up the metal ladder. It is very inconvenient - you can immediately see that it is not designed for everyday use.
05. The direct exit to the roof is covered with a sheet metal shield, which is screwed to the base using welded bolts and nuts screwed onto them. Carefully unscrew it (and after visiting the roof, carefully screw it back in).
06. We go up another flight of stairs. It's even more uncomfortable than the previous one.
07. And here we are at the top. The first thing that catches your eye is the ventilation “fungus” of the garbage chute shaft, as well as the concrete decorative elements that cover the entrance windows.
08. Let's look back. In 1995, this exit to the roof was closed not with a metal shield, but with such a thick wooden door on hinges (I think of blue color), covered with tin. You can even see the remains of her box there.
09. The block itself, from which we came out onto the roof, looks like this. In addition to the exit itself, it also houses an elevator room with elevator equipment machines.
10. Elevator ventilation window. The blocks here are finished with the same crushed stone as the entire house.
11. This one concrete structure in the foreground is the exit of the apartment ventilation. Have you seen such grates in your bathroom and kitchen? They lead to a ventilation shaft that ends on the roof with something like this. TV network wires are passed through the reinforcing rings of the shaft cover.
12. The inside of the mine looks like this. Pretty clean, by the way. There is also a very specific smell here. It smells like some old oil, something like cutlets, some kind of buckwheat - the smell of dozens of kitchens. I remembered this smell very well during my very first visit to the roof. At that time, by the way, the mines were dirtier and from there, along with the flows, warm air some flakes were flying.
13. The entire roof and all surfaces on it are covered with this kind of roofing material for waterproofing. It is quite modern, grayish, and feels almost indestructible from temperature changes. When I was here for the first time, there was this old black roofing material lying here, swollen in places from the heat and cracked from the frost.
By the way, I don’t know what this block is in the center of the frame.
14. Water drain. They are located throughout the roof in such peculiar lowlands. Have you ever seen how, when it rains, water flows from such a bent pipe that looks out from the block under the first floor of a nine-story building? This pipe starts high on the roof with a drain like this.
14. But this metal tube is a cable channel brought out.
15. Now there is cable television in this house, but once there were large receiving antennas here, I remember them from my first visit to the roof.
Another cable channel, with parts of some kind of fastening equipment - maybe this is what the supporting straps of the antennas were attached to.
16. Some residents install satellite dishes on the roof, using the wall of such an elevation, formed due to the difference in height various parts Houses. The elevation, by the way, is now covered with waterproofing, but I remember a time when there was just a bare wall here (it seems, even laid with brick for some reason), and a wooden ladder led from here to the higher part of the house.
17. View from the roof.
18. These wires on insulators are most likely the electrical network.
19. Some kind of metal structure at the exit from another entrance. I believe that these are the remains of a homemade antenna.
20. General form on the roof of the house. The artificial “lowland” of water drainage is clearly visible here.
21. Remains of some kind of cable. Most likely - part of the repair winch.
22. Isn’t it scary to walk on the roof? It's scary. The fence that seemed to me in childhood reliable protection, now it turned out to be very low and small.
23. And in some places these “railings” from the corner even end completely.
24. So let's look at the corner of the house and, perhaps, go down.
25. The most pleasant thing about walking on the rooftops is being back on the ground. Or even so - to end up on earth in the way that was originally planned :)
