Flat roof repair options. Flat roof

Flat roofs in private housing construction have become more common because the owners have appreciated the benefits of such roof space. Firstly, they appear additional meters areas that are never superfluous in the city. Secondly, a low roof slope requires less materials, installation work, and such a roof retains more heat. Third, Maintenance flat roof It is quite simple and can be done by the owner himself, especially since there is no danger of slipping down.

Most often, destruction in the roofing is caused by our not mild climate. In winter, a significant snow cover can form on the surface of a flat roof, which begins to melt by spring, “delighting” the owners with leaks. But this is not the fault of the roof itself, but its poor quality installation or “outdated” and short-lived waterproofing materials.

What materials are used to repair the waterproofing layer?

Waterproofing in flat roofs can be created from two types of materials: bitumen and synthetic membranes. They also repair the roof in case of leaks. Let's consider which coating is more durable.

Modern waterproofing materials are elastic and durable

Bituminous materials

Bituminous materials are more common. They lined the roofs of Soviet-era high-rise buildings. And at least once every five years, these high-rise buildings are operated construction crews, eliminating leaks and repairing old coatings. And all because bituminous materials short term service - up to 5 years, and in our climate - even shorter. They are afraid of sudden changes in temperature and stagnant water. As soon as the temperature goes below zero, the elastic properties of bitumen are lost, the material becomes brittle and cracks. The second disadvantageous property of bitumen is its ability to absorb water, which, when temperature changes, either freezes in the pores of the coating or thaws. As a result, the material delaminates and breaks in places where water accumulates.

In summer, the bitumen coating, due to its dark color, strongly attracts the sun's rays. The heating level of the roof reaches 70˚. And at this temperature, the bitumen melts, becomes fluid and gradually slides towards the edge of the roof, where the slope is directed.

If the slope is insufficient, after the rain puddles remain on the roof, water penetrates into the lower layers of the coating, when heated, it becomes steam, which seeks a way out and tears, dividing the bitumen material into layers.

Stagnant water indicates that the slope is insufficient, which means that after a year the coating will swell

It is easy to check whether there is moisture inside the bitumen. It is enough to see grass, weeds, and sometimes trees on the roof. They will not germinate where it is dry.

Polymer materials

The second type of waterproofing material is polymer membranes or mastics.

Mastic is based on polyurethane. And the easiest way to repair a flat roof covered with bitumen is to completely coat the top with mastic. It creates a rubber-like coating, but can withstand temperatures up to 100˚ and harsh winters. If such a coating gets scratched while cleaning the roof, it can be easily repaired by covering the damaged areas with a brush.

Another option is polymer membranes. If you want to forget about roof repairs for 20 years, cover the surface membrane material. Modern polymers in their composition are not afraid of temperature changes, ultraviolet radiation, and mechanical damage. They can be fixed to the base of the roof, or they can be spread out like a carpet, weighed down with ballast for strength.

The roof, laid with a membrane covering, is attached to the base only along the perimeter. In this case, when the house shrinks, there will be no tears in the coating

Unlike bitumen materials, the human factor is excluded when installing membranes, when good material laid by unprofessional hands. Membrane coating sheets are rolled out and laid by welding machines, connecting the joints with hot air. The option when the membranes are fixed only around the perimeter, without connecting to the entire surface of the roof, is very convenient: when the house shrinks, the roof will not crack.

What problems in a flat roll roof can you fix with your own hands?

In old houses, flat roofs were covered with several layers of roofing felt, which were laid on a wooden base. The bottom layer was fastened to the tree with nails, and the rest were tied either with bitumen mixtures or cold mastic.

If you find that in some places the layers are swollen, it means that there is delamination inside the roofing material, which must be urgently eliminated, otherwise expect leaks.

Carefully examine the swollen area. If it is dry, then just stick a patch on top. If the area of ​​the swelling is damp, then you need to look for where the water penetrated, and then change the entire area that is damp.

If it starts to collapse concrete screed– current repairs are not enough

How to do it:

1. Clear the swollen area of ​​gravel (or other material scattered to protect the roofing material from sun rays).
2. Cut the swollen area in the shape of a cross so that the center falls exactly on the swollen part.
3. Lift the cut roofing material and look inside. If the inner layers are wet, cut deeper so that the knife reaches wooden base.
4. Leave the cut roofing material to dry in the sun, placing some blocks between the layers so that the heat penetrates into each layer. The drying process is much faster using construction hair dryer.
5. After making sure that the roofing material is dried to the base, apply cold mastic with a spatula from the inside along the edges of the cut and press the roofing material into the wooden base. Apply the next layer and press it onto the previous one. On the last one, outer layer plaster nails are nailed on top of the roofing material to securely fix the cut corners.
6. A patch is cut out of fresh roofing felt, the size of which should cover the cut part of the coating.
7. Lubricated back side patches with mastic and placed on the area to be repaired.
8. The edges of the patch are fixed with plaster nails (step – 15 mm).
9. Apply mastic to each nail head and patch outline.

Elimination of blisters on a large area of ​​the roof

If you find that a significant area of ​​roofing material is swollen, then repairs are carried out as follows:

1. The entire site to be repaired is cleared of the gravel layer.
2. The entire swollen area must be cut out. To prevent the knife from sticking to the roofing felt, dip it in turpentine. Cut through layer by layer until you reach a dry coating. If there is none, cut to the wooden base.
3. Count how many layers had to be removed.
4. Place the rectangle or square that you cut out on the new roofing felt and trace the outline.
5. Cut out the patch (you need as many patches of the same size as you removed layers of old coating).
6. A coating that has been kept dry, or wooden base coat with mastic.
7. Take one patch and coat it with mastic along the edge.
8. Place it inside the area you are repairing and press it against the base.
9. The second layer is applied in the same way: the entire surface of the first and the contour of the second are coated with mastic.
10. Place patches on top of each other until the new covering is equal in height to the rest of the roof.
11. The last patch is strengthened by nailing slate nails around the perimeter.
12. Cut out a patch from roofing felt that is larger in size than the one you have already laid, coat the surface of the repaired area with mastic and place the prepared piece of roofing felt on top. It should extend beyond the edges of the patched area.
13. Roofing felt is nailed slate nails, and then the edge and each nail head are coated with mastic.
14. Mastic is generously placed on top of a sheet of roofing felt, and gravel is scattered over it, pressing the pebbles into the mastic using a board.

Expanded clay cushion will protect the bitumen coating from overheating

How is a flat roof overhauled?

If the service life of the coating has expired, then patching the blisters will do nothing. The patches disrupt the integrity of the coating, although they slightly restrain destruction. In this case, major repairs will be required. Carrying it out on your own without professional skills is difficult. And often poor-quality installation “negates” the advantages of the waterproofing material.

In this case, it is worth involving specialists in the repair, having decided in advance what type of major repairs your roof needs. Let's consider what a major overhaul of a flat plane could be like. roll roofing:

Complete replacement of roofing

Such repairs begin with the dismantling of all roof components and layers:

• ebbs, aerators, pressure aprons, etc. are removed;
• all layers of bitumen or roofing felt coating are completely removed;
• the layer of concrete leveling screed will be removed;
• insulation is removed.

A flat roof after a complete renovation looks like a pie in which each layer performs its task

The new roof is laid in the following order:

• the beacons necessary to create a new leveling concrete layer are set;
• a layer of insulation spreads;
• folds out on top of it reinforced mesh;
• a new leveling screed is poured (from 4 cm thick);
• the roofing covering is laid in several layers followed by arranging connections;
• the remaining elements of the roof are attached: parapets, belts, etc.
• Update roofing with installation of an additional thermal insulation layer.

As a rule, such repairs are needed for houses whose roofs were laid using old technologies. Their level of heat retention is insufficient and does not correspond to today’s concept of thermal insulation.

An additional thermal insulation layer can be laid under or on the new roof.

Insulation of a flat roof

When under-roof insulation, old layers of waterproofing are removed and slabs that have a wedge-shaped profile are laid. This profile helps build required slope to the gutter for water drainage and avoid puddles on the roof. Modern waterproofing membrane coatings are laid on top of the insulation.

If you choose a repair with insulation for a new roof, then the work is done in the opposite way: first, waterproofing is laid, and on top of it is waterproof polyurethane foam or other material of a similar structure. To prevent the insulation from being blown away by gusts of wind, a thick gravel cushion is laid on top. The gravel will not only serve as a load, but will also protect the insulation from exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

Creating a new metal roof

This type of repair involves updating damaged roofing, constructing truss structure and laying profiled sheets over it. The result is a pitched roof with a slight slope. It creates a waterproof shell for the old coating, but maintains a sufficient level of ventilation so that the roofing material can dry out. Often such repairs are combined with additional insulation.

After constructing the rafter structure and laying profiled sheets on it, a pitched roof with a slight slope is obtained

Creating a grass roof

This is the most complex look repair, which involves not only a complete renovation of the roof, but also strengthening it waterproofing properties and strength characteristics. An additional bulk layer of soil, the weight of plants, etc. require professional calculations of the following points: how much to strengthen the roofing area, how many layers of waterproofing to lay, how to create drainage system etc. After all, it is not enough to plant living plants: they need to be provided good conditions for existence. And at the same time do not create a danger for the collapse of the structure! Therefore, all repair work must be carried out by professional craftsmen.

A green roof has too many layers to its pie. It’s better to entrust its “cooking” to professionals

To avoid having to deal with flat roof repairs, it is better initially, during the process of building a house, to spend money on modern materials, entrust the installation to specialists, and in winter do not break through the ice with a crowbar and do not scrape off the snow with shovels with a metal edge.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Perhaps many residents apartment buildings faced such problems as leakage, as well as the insufficiently reliable condition of the roof. This includes such disadvantages as poor-quality coating, roof collapse in an old house, etc. That is why major roof repairs apartment building- one of the most acute standing questions for many residents.

Very often, many citizens, turning for help to various authorities involved in the maintenance of houses, are faced with their complete inaction, as a result of which they collect funds for roof repairs in an apartment building on their own.

However, before contacting such bodies and paying for the services of specialists in roofing work, it is necessary to understand the reason itself. Next we will talk about what types of roofs exist in apartment buildings, as well as the problems arising in connection with them and ways to solve them.

Types of roofing in apartment buildings

Since there are several types of roofs in multi-story buildings, it is important to understand the features of each of them, since repair work can vary significantly.

According to the design and shape of the roof, they are divided into:

• single-pitched (with different inclined angles);
• gable;
• multi-slope;
• pitchless (standard flat roofs);
• complex (more typical for modern buildings than for old houses).

The roof structure includes outer covering and a support located from the inside (this can be a rafter system or a reinforced concrete slab). Also required elements are drainage system, as well as layers of insulation and waterproofing. One way or another, when carrying out a major overhaul of the roof of an apartment building, it is imperative to take into account everything design features roofs.

Roof repair methods

Work on the restoration of roofs of buildings with many apartments is usually divided into two large groups: current, or temporary, and capital, or complete.

Thus, current repairs to the roof of an apartment building are carried out if any defects in the roofing system are discovered. Very often, all work comes down to replacing the old and damaged roofing covering, which is usually roofing felt, with a new one, eliminating cracks and crevices that have appeared. Based on the need, the new coating can be laid in either one or two layers. Upon completion of the repair work, all seams and joints of the roofing sheet are completely sealed with special substances.

Regarding finances, this type of repair is not too expensive, so it is more common. However, there is another type of routine repair when laying a new roofing sheet is not necessary. At the site of the defect, after a preliminary incision, the edges are folded back and the internal space is carefully cleaned. Next, it is dried using and treated with a layer of construction mastic, both the coating and its base. The edges are returned to their place, after which they must be pressed tightly against each other, waiting for complete adhesion.

Places where rot has appeared are completely cut out, and the roof is cleaned. All defective areas are filled with the same mastic, and then a new piece is glued to the area being treated, close to the old material. Of course, this method of repair is far from the highest quality, but nowadays it is quite common, especially on the roofs of old houses.

A major renovation of the roof of an apartment building involves a complete remodeling of the roof. The old covering is removed from it, after which a fresh screed is poured in and a new roofing carpet is laid in two layers. Carrying out such repairs should only be trusted by specialists, since damage may occur during the work. interior decoration located on the upper floors of apartments.

If the roof of an apartment building is leaking, this may be a consequence of improperly performed work. Main work at major renovation consists in fusing roofing material with a special gas burner(read: " "). The underside of the roofing carpet is heated from below, after which the material is carefully pressed against the base of the roof. It is very important to control the temperature of the fire, since its incorrect indicator can lead to the destruction of the material. The covering must be laid according to the overlap principle, and all seams must be treated with construction sealant.

Factors causing roof leaks in apartment buildings

There is only one way to avoid leaks - by performing a major roof repair. The reasons for the occurrence of these unpleasant defects can be very different, but most often they appear after heavy rains or during a period of massive melting of the snow cover.

Thus, the causes of roof leaks in apartment buildings may be the following:

Roof leak detection

Before submitting an application for major repairs, you must clearly identify the area that is damaged. Most often, this involves comparing the location of the leak and then locating the source of damage on the roof. This is very easy to do on soft bitumen roofs - air bubbles form at the defect site.

In this case, the carpet should be replaced completely, and the necessary area should be thoroughly dried. You should not carry out this work yourself; it is better to entrust the work to specialists. But if there is a desire, detailed descriptions The entire progress of work with videos and photos can always be found in our articles on roofs and their repair.

Sometimes it happens that the problem of leaks on pitched roofs can also be complicated by rotting wooden rafter legs. In this case, not only the roof covering, but also individual structural elements usually need to be replaced.

Roofs based on the fusing principle

As has already become clear, the essence of a major overhaul comes down to the installation of weldable materials. According to existing standards, planned repairs with replacement (if necessary) of individual sections of the coating must be carried out by special services twice a year.

The whole process involves fusing roofing felt and other overlapping materials with a gas burner. Such repairs should be carried out for flat roofs, which are the majority today (read: ""). This material is resistant to moisture, temperature changes, and direct ultraviolet rays.

What to do if the roof is leaking, see details in the video:

The process of repairing pitched roofs

Coating for pitched roofs Usually a different material is used. Often these are sheets of metal, treated with zinc or simply painted. Repair work in this case consists of finding damaged covering elements, replacing them correctly and monitoring the condition of the roof base under the covering. To do this, the material must be removed and necessary work for the restoration of the rafter and sheathing system, as well as the base itself located under the covering.

Sometimes it is impossible not to complete such an important part of the work as replacing the waterproofing layer and installing additional high-quality insulation. If the damage is insignificant, you can simply apply patches and treat all joints with sealant.

Any cracks and crevices should be filled with polyurethane-based sealant and covered with special polyurethane adhesives. It is important that the area of ​​damage to be repaired is degreased and treated with a primer before all work. After the restoration is completed, it is customary to coat the roof with a paint specially designed for a specific roof, the functions of which are to give the coating greater strength and increase its service life.

The cheapest price for installing a soft flat roof is bituminous material, which you can see in most multi-storey buildings Soviet period construction.

In addition to the fact that bitumen is difficult to tolerate negative temperatures, it is also capable of absorbing water, which also leads to numerous gusts.

The second unpleasant fact of using bitumen as a roofing coating is strong heating on sunny days. Already at 70˚ the resin begins to melt, gradually sliding along the edge of the roof. But even if it is made using proven technology, water still, after penetrating into the lower layers when heated, begins to tear the bitumen material, turning into steam.

About the presence of water in a bitumen roof lower word says such a sign as grass, weeds and even trees growing on the surface.

Polymer membranes are already more modern material, built on the basis of polyurethane. With the help of mastic it is possible to repair a flat roof, obtaining a fairly long-term effect. The fact is that polyurethane mastic copes well with Russian climatic conditions and will survive low temperatures and can be partially repaired.

For those residents who plan to install a flat roof and forget about its repair for long years, it is recommended to line the surface polymer membranes, which have a service life of twenty years, are not afraid of temperature changes, mechanical damage and exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Modern polymers can be attached to the base of the roof or spread out like a carpet. In the latter case, a certain ballast will be required that could keep the surface from being lifted by the wind.

Fastening flat roof membrane coating is carried out only around the perimeter, so even if the house begins to shrink, residents of the upper floors will not have to suffer from leaks.

The main difference between the membrane and bitumen material is the absence human factor during installation. After all, if bitumen can be poured unevenly, causing cracks and swelling to appear, then the membrane coating is laid, for example, by our professionals - “Moscow Roofers”, who reliably connect the joints by heating and fix the material around the perimeter.

Flat roofing has a number of advantages, which is why it is very popular. Roofing felt and sheets with folded edges are often laid in violation of technology, which leads to leaks and loss of strength. This will be noticeable in the next strong wind. If the surface has become unusable, our company will be able to perform high-quality repairs. Our main distinctive feature in the market for the provision of these services is a specialized focus. We deal only with roofs, without trying to do a little in all areas. Therefore we offer the most best repair flat roofing in Moscow.

Flat roof repair

How the work is carried out

Let's look at the progress of work for each option:

• Ruberoid. We first need to use a special proprietary method to determine the leakage areas, then the damaged areas are eliminated, and in their place is laid new material over the entire plane. Typically, one or two business days are enough for such repairs.
• Seam roofing. Craftsmen use specialized tools to embroider the folds, remove damaged sheets, and then replace them with new material. For clamping, we use only special frame pliers that provide sufficient force to create reliable connection. Also, do not forget about specialized fasteners, which will provide protection from hurricane winds and strong gusts.
• PVC membrane. This is a polymer, the sheets of which are held together using a specialized soldering iron. We can eliminate holes, tears, seam divergences and roofing errors.

Work is carried out only after an estimate has been drawn up on the basis of a bilateral agreement.

Our advantages

People contact us for the following reasons:

• The work is carried out without intermediaries. Therefore, the price per m2 of repair soft roof Ours is at a minimum level. We do not allow anyone to profit from our clients.
• We are the official representative of the Grand Line company, therefore the required roofing elements we can supply according to the most favorable price in the capital.
• Our team is Slavic in composition and does not abuse alcohol. Therefore, working with us is pleasant and easy.
• Over the years, we have already covered more than 1000 houses, so we can solve the problem in the best possible way.
• When creating a new roof, you can receive a long-term official guarantee from the manufacturer, because we do not violate the prescribed technologies.

Flat roof repair in Moscow

Dismantling from 100 rub. sq.m.	Mauerlat installation from 400 rub. linear m	Installation of the rafter system from 450 rub. sq.m.
Installation of internal lathing from 77 rub. sq.m.	Vapor barrier device and waterproofing from 60 rub. sq.m.	Laying 150 mm insulation. from 180 rub. sq.m.

The main function of a flat roof, like any other, is to provide reliable protection the house, and therefore everything that is in it, from atmospheric influences. Of course, over time or due to defects that may have been made during its construction, leaks may form in the roof. In such cases it is required flat roof repair.

When pronounced damp spots are found on the ceiling and walls, this means that the roof is leaking somewhere. It is clear that in such a situation it is necessary to urgently identify the cause of the leak in the roof structure and immediately eliminate it.

It is quite possible that you will find problem area It will not be possible right away, since it may be located away from the leak site. Therefore, to find " weak points» It is necessary to carefully examine the roof surface. We must admit that to find minor defects soft roof on bitumen material, such as burst bubbles or cracks, are not that difficult. It is much more difficult to detect the source of a leak on a roof covered with a layer of gravel.

According to the nature of roof damage, a distinction is made between current (up to 40% of damage) and major repairs. In the first case, a “patch” local repair of simple damage is assumed, while in the case of a major one, a thorough repair of damaged structures is carried out.

How to carry out routine flat roof repairs on your own

Such simple defects as, for example, cracks, swellings, or loose seams of roofing laid in strips can be quite easily eliminated on your own. For this, cold-curing bitumen mastic is most often used, that is, during repairs you can do without the use of a special boiler in which the bitumen is heated.

Repair of blisters on flat roll roofing

This defect is usually a consequence of delamination of the roof covering. If the swelling is dry, a patch is applied to it. If moisture is detected, you must first locate the leak and completely replace the area affected by the dampness. The need for special equipment to perform the current flat roll roof repair, No.

Elimination of bloating looks schematically as follows.

• If the roof is covered with a layer of fill (gravel, marble chips or pebbles), then it is removed from the swollen part.
• The bitumen coating at the site of the swelling is well heated using blowtorch or a hair dryer. When the material has softened well enough, the swollen area should be pressed, for example, using a wooden block of suitable size.

• If there is water in the swelling, open it with a cross-shaped movement with a knife and turn away the edges. The incision is deepened until it reaches the base and the coating is dried. To speed up the drying process, use a hair dryer.

• Repair is performed using cold mastic. Using a spatula, it is applied to the sides of the cut, the edges are folded again, pressed to the base and nailed using 20 mm roofing nails at a distance of 15 mm from each other.
• To cover the damaged area, use a patch made of roofing felt. It should protrude beyond its boundaries by 50 mm in any direction. Cold mastic is placed on the damaged area, a patch is applied and pressed to the roof surface. The patch is secured with nails, its edges and nail heads are treated with mastic.

Repairing cracks on the roof surface

To cover cracks on soft covering you can use any self-adhesive material for repair.

• The surface of the crack is thoroughly cleaned of contaminants and a special primer is applied to the surface.

• After waiting about an hour, carefully separate protective layer and apply adhesive material to the surface of the defect. If the size of the crack is small, the required length can be cut off immediately. If the damage is long enough, the adhesive tape must be unrolled gradually. Then the tape should be pressed well so that the edges lie firmly on the base.

Patches on the roof, of course, do not add aesthetics to it, so it is advisable to decorate them by applying paint or bitumen to the entire surface.

Major flat roof repairs

The need for major repairs arises when flat roof structures are damaged. They can be caused by its incorrect design. Let's look at a few examples.

• If violated minimum height parapet on a flat roof , It is not always possible to ensure the necessary overlap of the waterproofing layer on the surface of the parapet. This, as a rule, leads to a violation of the roof's tightness.

The insulating layer must have a vertical overlap of at least 25 cm.

• If the ventilation of the flat roof is impaired , this is a direct path to the accumulation of moisture vapor from below, which will lead to condensation of moisture in the insulation.
• If there are no compensating layers , structural elements may shift, which will lead to their uneven “work”. Of course, in this case, you can apply an additional sealing layer to the damaged areas, but this will only solve the problem for a short time. At any time, damage can occur in a new location.

The list of cases when major repairs may be needed could be continued, but all of them have one thing in common - the need for certain costs, which depend on the method of solving a particular problem. Among them are the following.