Syntactic analysis of complex sentences examples. Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence

Not all schoolchildren find it easy to fully parse a sentence. We will tell you correct sequence actions that will help you cope with such a task more easily.

Step 1: Read the sentence carefully and determine the purpose of the statement.

According to the purpose of the statement, sentences are divided into:

  • narrative – "Beauty will save the world"(F. Dostoevsky);
  • interrogative – “Rus, where are you going?”(N. Gogol);
  • incentive – “My friend, let’s dedicate our souls to our homeland with wonderful impulses!”(A. Pushkin); “A testament to writers: there is no need to invent intrigues and plots. Take advantage of the stories that life itself provides."(F. Dostoevsky).

Declarative sentences contain a message about something and are characterized by a calm narrative intonation. The content and structure of such proposals can be very diverse.

The purpose of interrogative sentences is to obtain from the interlocutor an answer to the question posed in the sentence. In some cases, when the question is rhetorical in nature (i.e. does not require an answer), the purpose of such a sentence is different - a pathetic expression of a thought, idea, expression of the speaker’s attitude towards something, etc.

The purpose of uttering an incentive sentence is to motivate the recipient of the message to take some action. An incentive can express a direct order, advice, request, warning, call to action, etc. The differences between some of these options are often expressed not in the structure of the sentence itself, but in the intonation of the speaker.

Stage 2: Determine the intonation and emotional coloring of the sentence.

At this stage of parsing the sentence, look at what punctuation mark is at the end of the sentence. According to this parameter, proposals are divided into:

  • exclamation marks - “What a neck! What eyes!”(I. Krylov);
  • non-exclamation - “The thought flies, but the words walk step by step”(A. Green).

Step 3: Find the grammatical bases in the sentence.

Quantity grammar basics in a sentence defines what the sentence is:

  • simple sentence - “Wine turns a person into a beast and a beast, drives him into a frenzy”(F. Dostoevsky);
  • difficult sentence - “It seems to me that people do not understand how much misery and unhappiness in their lives arises from laziness.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Further parsing complex sentence and parsing a simple sentence take different paths.

First, let's look at the syntactic analysis of a simple sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a simple sentence: Find the main members and characterize the sentence.

A simple sentence, depending on the presence of a full set of main members of the sentence or the absence of any of them, can be:

  • one-piece - “It is not difficult to despise the court of people, but it is impossible to despise your own court”(A. Pushkin), there is no subject; "Autumn. A fairy-tale palace, open for everyone to see. Clearings of forest roads looking into lakes"(B. Pasternak), there is no predicate;
  • two-part – “A very bad sign is the loss of the ability to understand humor, allegories, jokes”(F. Dostoevsky).

Indicate which main member is present in the one-part sentence. Depending on this, one-part sentences are nominal (there is a subject: nominative) and verbal (there is a predicate: definite-personal, indefinite-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal).

Stage 5 for a simple sentence: See if the sentence has minor members.

Depending on the presence/absence of additions, definitions and circumstances, a simple sentence can be:

  • widespread – “My goal was to visit Old Street”(I. Bunin);
  • uncommon – “The seizure is over. Sadness in disgrace"(S. Yesenin).

Stage 6 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complete or incomplete.

Whether a sentence is complete or incomplete depends on whether its structure includes all the members of the sentence that are needed for a complete, meaningful statement. Incomplete ones lack any of the major or minor members. And the meaning of the statement is determined by the context or previous sentences.

  • full offer - “Prishvin’s words bloom and sparkle”(K. Paustovsky);
  • incomplete sentence - "What is your name? - I’m Anochka.”(K. Fedin).

When parsing a sentence for an incomplete sentence, indicate which parts of the sentence are missing.

Stage 7 for a simple sentence: Determine whether the sentence is complicated or not complicated.

A simple sentence can be complicated or uncomplicated introductory words and appeals, homogeneous or isolated members of the sentence, direct speech. Examples of simple complex sentences:

  • “Ostap Bender, as a strategist, was magnificent”(I. Ilf, E. Petrov);
  • “He, the commissar, had to become on a par with Sarychev, if not in personal charm, not in past military merits, not in military talent, but in everything else: integrity, firmness, knowledge of the matter, and finally, courage in battle.”(K. Simonov).

Stage 8 for a simple sentence

First, they designate the subject and predicate, then the secondary ones in the subject and the secondary ones in the predicate.

Stage 9 for a simple sentence

In this case, indicate the grammatical basis; if the sentence is complicated, indicate the complication.

Look at a sample parsing sentence:

  • Oral analysis: narrative sentence, non-exclamatory, simple, two-part, grammatical basis: the doorman trampled, was about to move, did not, stopped, common, complete, complicated by homogeneous predicates, separate definition(participial phrase), a separate circumstance (adverbial phrase).
  • Written analysis: narrative, unspoken, simple, two-part, g/o the doorman trampled, was about to move, didn’t, stopped, spread, complicated. homogeneous. tale, isolated def. (participial turnover), separate. society (adverbial turnover). Now let's look at the syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with examples.

Stage 4 for a complex sentence: Determine how connections exist between parts of a complex sentence.

Depending on the presence or absence of unions, the connection can be:

  • allied - “Those who strive for self-improvement will never believe that this self-improvement has a limit.”(L. Tolstoy);
  • non-union - “At the moment when the moon, so huge and clear, rose above the crest of that dark mountain, the stars that were in the sky opened their eyes at once.”(Ch. Aitmatov).

Stage 5 for a complex sentence: Find out what ties the parts of a complex sentence together:

  • intonation;
  • coordinating conjunctions;
  • subordinating conjunctions.

Stage 6 for a complex sentence: Based on the connection between the parts of the sentence and the means by which this connection is expressed, classify the sentence.

Classification of complex sentences:

  • compound sentence (SSP) - “My father had a strange influence on me, and our relationship was strange” (I. Turgenev);
  • complex sentence (SPP) - “She did not take her eyes off the road that leads through the grove” (I. Goncharov);
  • complex non-union sentence (BSP) - “I know: in your heart there is both pride and direct honor” (A. Pushkin);
  • sentence with different types of connection - “People are divided into two categories: those who first think, and then speak and, accordingly, do, and those who first act and then think” (L. Tolstoy).

The connection between the parts of a non-conjunctive complex sentence can be expressed different signs punctuation: comma, colon, dash, semicolon.

Stage 7 for a complex sentence: Describe the connections between the parts of the sentence.

Define:

  • what does the subordinate clause refer to;
  • whereby the subordinate part is attached to the main part;
  • what question does it answer?

Stage 8 for a complex sentence: If there are several subordinate clauses, describe the relationships between them:

  • sequential - “I heard Gaidar cleaning the pot with sand and scolding him because the handle fell off” (K. Paustovsky);
  • parallel - “We must accurately take into account the environment in which a poetic work develops, so that a word alien to this environment does not appear by chance” (V. Mayakovsky);
  • homogeneous - “It was difficult to understand whether there was a fire somewhere, or whether the moon was about to rise” (A. Chekhov)

Stage 9 for a complex sentence: Underline all members of the sentence and indicate by what parts of speech they are expressed.

Stage 10 for a complex sentence: Now parse each part of a complex sentence as a simple one, see the diagram above.

Stage 11 for a complex sentence: Outline the sentence.

In this case, indicate the means of communication, the type of subordinate part. Look at a sample parsing of a complex sentence:

Conclusion

The scheme for syntactic parsing of a sentence proposed by us will help to correctly characterize the sentence according to all significant parameters. Take advantage of this step by step guidance regularly at school and at home to better remember the sequence of reasoning when analyzing sentences.

Examples of syntactic analysis of sentences of simple and complex structure will help to correctly characterize sentences in oral and written form. With our instructions, a complex task will become clearer and simpler, will help you master the material and consolidate it in practice.

Write a comment if this diagram was useful to you. And if you found it useful, don’t forget to tell your friends and classmates about it.

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Syntax is the most complex section of the modern Russian language. At school, syntactic analysis of a sentence almost always causes serious difficulties, since when analyzing it is necessary to use previously acquired knowledge in a comprehensive manner: be able to distinguish parts of speech, refer to information from the vocabulary, be well versed in the semantic load and functions of different members of a sentence, correctly indicate simple sentences in the composition complex and determine their role.


At school and university there are different requirements for the syntactic parsing of sentences. Schoolchildren usually identify parts of speech and comment on each word during analysis. The requirement is due to the fact that for correct parsing it is necessary to know morphology well; the concepts of syntax and morphology should not be confused (there is a common mistake when parts of speech and parts of a sentence are mixed). On philological faculties various higher educational institutions parsing schemes are individual: it depends on what educational complex is undergoing training, what are available methodological developments at the department. When preparing for admission, an applicant will need to find out the requirements of a particular university, otherwise the analysis may be considered incorrect.

To correctly parse a sentence, you need to master large volume theories, be able to use terms accurately, gain practical skills. Practice plays a particularly important role, so it is advisable to practice regularly, analyzing sentences of different levels of complexity.

There are strict requirements for parsing: it can only be done according to a clear scheme, without deviating from a given algorithm. Often you also need to draw graphic diagram sentences, reflecting in it the levels of division, dependence simple sentences from each other. Also, members of the sentence are graphically highlighted with different signs directly in the text (several types of subscript lines).

General scheme for parsing a sentence
Exists general scheme, which is used to parse the sentence. It varies depending on the specific requirements, but the basic basis remains the same.

  1. The purpose of the statement is indicated: narrative, incentive, interrogative sentence.
  2. At this stage, you should write what kind of intonation the sentence is: exclamatory or non-exclamatory.
  3. The type of sentence is determined: simple or complex, consisting of several simple ones.
  4. For complex sentences, you need to indicate the type of construction: simple (of the same type), complex ( different types connections between simple sentences within a complex sentence).
  5. The type of connection between sentences is indicated: union, non-union.
  6. Conjunctive sentences have two types: complex and complex.
  7. For complex sentence determine the type of subordinate clause: attributive, explanatory, adverbial, connecting;
  8. It is necessary to indicate the type of adverbial subordinate clause:
    • mode of action;
    • places;
    • time;
    • conditions;
    • measures and degrees;
    • comparisons;
    • concessions;
    • consequences;
    • goals;
    • causes.
  9. If the sentence is complex, a description of the connection between the parts within the complex is performed. The parts are numbered, all types of connections are indicated (non-union and allied, subordinating and coordinating), and if necessary, division into levels is made.
  10. Then they move on to the characteristics of each simple sentence, indicating its number.
  11. The analysis of a simple sentence continues to indicate the presence of main members: one-part or two-part.
  12. For a one-part sentence, its type is determined: nominative, generalized-personal, impersonal, definite-personal or indefinite-personal.
  13. At this stage, you need to write the type of predicate: PGS (simple verbal predicate), CGS (compound verbal predicate) or SIS (compound nominal predicate).
  14. Now you should determine the presence of minor members: widespread (there are minor members), non-widespread (there are no minor members).
  15. At this point of analysis, they indicate whether the sentence is complicated, and what exactly it is complicated by.
  16. At the end of the analysis, it is necessary to determine the type of sentence in terms of completeness: complete or incomplete. Sentences in which major or minor members are omitted are called incomplete, but they can be easily restored from the context.
You will also need to graphically indicate the members and boundaries of sentences in the text, draw diagrams, indicating sentence numbers, conjunctions, and asking questions to subordinate clauses from the main ones.

Ways of expressing sentence members
Knowing how to express the members of a sentence will help you parse the sentence correctly, without confusing its parts. Often, schoolchildren have difficulty identifying even the main members of a sentence, since there are a number of difficulties, and generally accepted stereotypes prevent them from correctly finding the basis and accurately analyzing the minor members.

It must be remembered that different parts of speech have almost unlimited possibilities and can be almost any part of a sentence, with rare exceptions. Often, schoolchildren get used to the fact that the subject is a noun, and the predicate is a verb. Without seeing the appropriate parts of speech in a sentence, they find themselves in a difficult situation and do not know how to parse it according to its composition. In fact, analysis cannot be confined to such a framework.

Subject answers questions in the nominative case and expresses in different parts speech: nouns, pronouns, numerals. The subject can also be expressed:

  • adjective (red is my favorite color);
  • a participle that turned into a noun (the people around fell silent);
  • union (and – connecting union);
  • indefinite form of the verb (for example, indefinite form verb with noun in accusative case: having a doctor in your home is a serious advantage).
Predicate answers the questions: what does the object do? what happens to the item? what is the subject? what is he?

To distinguish different types predicates, it is important to remember the lexical and grammatical meaning of words. The lexical meaning reflects the meaning of the word, and the grammatical meaning contains grammatical categories(for example, mood, tense, number and gender of the verb). Types of predicates:

  • PGS: the predicate is expressed by the personal form of the verb, in which the GZ and LZ coincide. Sometimes PGS is expressed by a phraseological unit containing a conjugated verb form.
  • GHS: must consist of at least two words. Each word has its own meaning: the infinitive of the verb ( lexical meaning) and modal or phase copula ( grammatical meaning). The phase connective indicates the phase of the action, and the modal connective reflects the attitude towards the action. The link can be expressed in words reflecting the assessment of the action, desirability, necessity, or short adjectives.
  • SIS: must consist of at least two words. The nominal part (LP) and the formal or semi-nominal copula (GZ). A more common formal connective is the verb to be. The role of the nominal part is played by all nominal parts of speech, adverbs, and phrases. Semi-nominal connectives include the verbs do, become, appear, seem, and others; verbs of state, movement.
Definitions answer what questions? whose? They are divided into coordinated and non-coordinated.
  • The agreed definition is easy to recognize, it is expressed by an adjective pronoun, adjective, participle, ordinal number. The main thing is not to confuse it with the nominal part of the SIS.
  • An inconsistent definition is usually expressed by nouns in indirect cases, but sometimes it becomes adverbs, phrases, infinitives, adjectives comparative degrees. There are also inconsistent application definitions.
Addition answers questions about indirect cases. More often expressed as a noun.

Circumstance answers to general question How? Expressed by adverbs and nouns. Circumstances are divided into categories:

  • circumstance of time;
  • places;
  • mode of action;
  • causes;
  • comparisons;
  • concessions;
  • conditions;
  • goals;
  • measures and degrees.
It is necessary to take into account the nuances of expressing the members of a sentence in different parts of speech in order to correctly parse the sentence.

Types of subordinate clauses
When analyzing a complex sentence, it is important to correctly determine the type of subordinate clause. It can be adverbial, explanatory and definitive.

  1. Subordinate clauses explanatory sentences answer questions about indirect cases. Unions and allied words act as means of communication.
  2. Subordinate clauses qualifying sentences refer to a noun, are joined with the help of allied words, sometimes conjunctions, answer questions whose? Which?
  3. Subordinate adverbial clauses differ depending on the category:
    • PO places answer questions where? where? Where? joined with the help of allied words;
    • How long will it take to answer questions? how long? When? for how long? Joining with the help of conjunctions is common: only when, while, as soon as, etc.;
    • By measures and degrees answer the questions to what extent? how much?, refer to a word expressing a concept that can have a degree of manifestation;
    • The modus operandi answers the question how?, in the main part you can insert words like this, like this;
    • PO conditions answer the question under what condition?, connecting conjunctions - when, if, how soon;
    • By reasons reveal the question why?, conjunctions due to the fact that, since, because, due to the fact that;
    • By purpose: questions for what purpose? For what? etc. Unions just so that, in order to;
    • By consequence: the consequence follows from the first part, the union so that;
    • Software concessions: questions in spite of what? no matter what? Unions may be for nothing, despite the fact that;
    • Comparative software: questions like what? like what? Unions as if, as if, exactly like;
  4. Subordinate clauses do not answer questions, do not express semantic relations of the circumstance, but give Additional information to the main part. Means of communication: allied words ( relative pronouns what, where, where, when, how, why, why, why).
In polynomial sentences, the type of subordination must be indicated. It can be sequential: the first subordinate clause is subordinate to the main one, the second subordinate clause is subordinate to the first, etc. With parallel subordination, subordinate clauses depend on the main clause, but answer different questions. When the subordination is homogeneous, the subordinate clauses depend on one main word and answer one question.
At universities, they mainly analyze polynomial sentences, so they highlight the levels of division, the connections between them, indicate all the blocks and the features of their relationships with each other, draw complex circuits. At school they usually limit themselves to sentences consisting of two to four simple ones.

How to parse correctly

Parsing a proposal and drawing up a diagram are included in the basic complex of knowledge school curriculum. Therefore, such tasks are given to students already in primary school, where they learn to parse simple text structures.

In grades 5–8 and 9–11, the task becomes more complicated: new terms and additional characteristics appear. A full set of signs is given already in the 7th–8th grades. To correctly draw up a diagram, you need to understand the essence of the analysis and remember a few rules.

What is sentence parsing

The answer lies in the term itself. Syntax is a system of rules for connecting different units together. Accordingly, the purpose of syntactic analysis of a text structure is to show the connections between its components.

note

For parsing, the text or the required part of it is written out in a notebook, one line at a time, so that there is room for underlining and markings above the words.

How to parse a sentence correctly? A plan illustrated with examples will help answer this question.

Analysis algorithm and characteristics

There is a clear order of parsing. If you stick to it, there will be no problems.

A simple sentence is a unit of a syntax system that has only one predicative part. This means that only one grammatical basis (two-part) or only one main member (one-part) can be identified in it. The order of its parsing is as follows:

1. In a two-part sentence, find and emphasize the subject (what is being said) and the predicate (what is being said); in a one-component – ​​the main member:

2. Determine the type by the content of the speaker’s task, or by the purpose of the utterance:

  • Narrative: The dug-up road sleeps. (S. Yesenin)
  • Interrogative: What should we do in the village? (A. Pushkin)
  • Incentive: Let's go to Tsarskoe Selo! (O. Mandelstam)

3. Parsing the proposal is not complete without several characteristics:

3.1. By composition:

Two-part – both subject and predicate are present:

Monocomponent differs in that the subject (what is said) and the predicate (what is said) are expressed by one member. It is not called “subject” or “predicate”, as in two-part, because its meaning is not reducible to either of these components. To designate this unit, the term “main member of a one-component sentence” (PCHOP) is used.

You also need to specify the type of one-part:

  • Definitely personal - GCOP is expressed by a verb of the 1st and 2nd person singular. h. Closest to two-part: the unnamed subject of the action is restored by the listener according to the form of the verb.
    Examples:
    I love the sandy slope (A. Pushkin)
    What are you doing sweetie? (A. Ostrovsky)
    Please leave them, leave quickly. (Yu. Dombrovsky)
  • Indefinite-personal – GCOP is expressed by a 3rd person plural verb. h. When parsing a sentence syntactically, it is important to understand the connection between form and meaning: here such a verb is used because the subject of the action is not so important or expressed collectively.
    Examples:
    “We don’t carry machine guns! We have no weapons!” - they shout from the trucks. (V. Makanin).
    brick, concrete surfaces walls are finished with plaster ( Landscape design. 2003. No2)
  • Generalized-personal – GCHOP is expressed by a verb of the 2nd person singular. h. (less often - in the form of the 1st person singular and plural). Meaning – generalization of personal or collective experience.
    Examples:
    You do something for him, you fight like a fly in a web... (A. Volkov)
    You won’t recognize a friend without trouble (last)
    They don’t go to someone else’s monastery with their own rules (last)
  • Impersonal - expresses the manifestation of processes or states that occur or exist independently of the active figure. The independence of action from the subject, the inability to change the course of events, is a key feature of this type. During the syntactic parsing of sentences, impersonal units are those units whose PHOP is expressed by a state category, an adverb or an infinitive.
    Examples:
    I felt scared - so be it...
    We can't do magic with Tatyana. (A. Pushkin)
    Since the evening he had been uneasy, either shivering or aching. (A. Solzhenitsyn)
  • Nominative (nominative) – denotes an object in space, indicates, gives an assessment. Most often, GCHOP is expressed by a noun, which is in the nominative case.
    Examples:
    Warm gusts of wind,
    Distant thunder and rain sometimes... (F. Tyutchev)

3.2. By prevalence

  • unextended - there are only main members: We were leaving. (R. Rozhdestvensky)
  • common - there are both major and minor: The golden grove dissuaded me // With birch, cheerful language. (S. Yesenin)

3.3. By completeness

  • complete – self-sufficient in meaning: I love thunderstorms in early May (F. Tyutchev)
  • incomplete – the meaning is not clear without context: Do you love chess? - Not good. (S. Dovlatov). It is impossible to understand the meaning of the answer outside the context of the question.

4. Next stage syntactic parsing of a sentence - highlighting cases of complication:

Homogeneous members:

I wandered in a toy thicket // And discovered an azure grotto... (O. Mandelstam)– complication with homogeneous predicates.

Separate members:

  • Participial phrase: The Krasovs' great-grandfather, nicknamed the Gypsy by the courtyard, was hunted down by the master Durnovo with greyhounds. (I. Bunin)
  • Participial phrase: ...looking at him, how can one not remember the horse? (A. Golyandin)
  • Standalone application: I called another friend of mine, a very large farmer from Argentina... (A. Tarasov)
  • Contact: Aunt Vasya, they left me with a task to redo, and Tanya was waiting for me... (L. Ulitskaya)
  • Introductory structures:
    You yourself said that you are my friend. (A. Vampilov)
    But it happens that in the morning you shave, wash, get dressed - look in the mirror - you will be satisfied... (E. Grishkovets)
  • Plug-in designs:
    Really - even if you don't want to - couldn't you do this for me?

5. Select the members of the sentence - that is, establish syntactic function components and underline accordingly. This is the largest section in terms of volume. At this stage you need to be especially careful, because one awkward mistake at the beginning can lead to incorrect syntactic construction and evaluation of a simple construction.

Beginners should do their analysis based on this article or textbook. You can select the material for analysis yourself or take home exercises. Experienced students can peek into theory only where necessary. To consolidate the skill, you need to do several analyzes yourself and then check them. For verification, it is better to contact the teacher, and if this is not possible, do a syntactic analysis of the sentence composition online.

After the grammatical basis, you need to find the members of the sentence of the subject group (that is, those to which the question is asked from the subject) and the predicate group. Each member is emphasized in its own way:

The type of member and the part of speech by which it is expressed are written above the words. Example: with bitterness - a circumstance of a course of action, expressed by a noun. with a preposition in creativity. case.

Parsing a complex sentence will not be difficult to master after studying the previous material. The plan is:

  1. Select all the grammatical bases, count them and determine how many simple parts make up a complex one. There are as many parts as there are basics.
    Dad got on the horse and we rode off. (L. Tolstoy). There are two simple ones in this complex unit.
  2. Find conjunctions and allied words.
    I’m sorry that it’s winter now (O. Mandelstam)– subordinating conjunction “what”.
    When Cherubina exposed herself, Makovsky came to visit her (M. Voloshin)– subordinating conjunction “when”.
    Sleepless nights and half-asleep days flew by, but there was no help from anywhere. (N. Pomyalovsky)– adversative conjunction “but”.
    Unlike conjunctions, allied words will always be full members of the sentence; logical stress may fall on them.
    Russia is converging with the West, which until then was completely alien to it. (A. Khomyakov)
    If you have difficulties in the analysis, you can contact a search engine and analyze the proposal on the Internet for free. But if you have the opportunity to talk to the teacher, it is better to solve the problem this way. There are many difficult places in Russian syntax, which can only be understood in conversation with a teacher.
  3. Indicate the meaning of conjunctions and, accordingly, indicate the nature of the connection between the parts. They come in three types:
    Essays consist of two or more equal components: She gave him her hand, and both went along the road to her estate. (I. Turgenev)
    In subordinate clauses, the main and dependent parts are distinguished, and a question is asked from the first to the second and the type of dependent (subordinate) component is determined from it: An hour and a half later I wake up because the sun begins to burn my cheek (M. Voloshin). We ask the question: why do I wake up, for what reason? The type of dependent part is a clause of cause.
    The essence of the non-union is clear from the term itself. Such units lack any lexical means of communication: Only there are no rings folk poet: no, he stands higher. (V. Belinsky)
  4. This stage of syntactic parsing of a complex sentence is relevant only for complex constructions. Its content is to determine the meaning of subordinate clauses.
    I barely had time to put on my cloak when it began to snow (M. Lermontov) - subordinate tense.
    Now a neighbor came running to her wife and said that the old people had gathered at the mosque and wanted to stop you (L. Tolstoy) - explanatory clause.
    The name Morgach also suited him, although he did not blink his eyes more than other people (I. Turgenev) - a subordinate clause.
    The prince did not hear anything further, because the valet began to whisper. (F. Dostoevsky) – subordinate reason.
  5. Analysis of each simple component within a complex one.

What is a proposal scheme

The final chord of the analysis is a diagram drawing. It is a graphical representation of basic information: the number of parts, their relationships, means of communication and types of dependent parts.

A drawing is an abstraction of syntactic relations, delimited from specific lexical content. A correctly compiled drawing shows a high understanding of the “Syntax and Punctuation” section and competent mastery of syntactic parsing of a sentence.


Unit boundaries are indicated by square brackets; A period is placed after the closing parenthesis. Homogeneous members in the diagram are circled, and the participial phrase is placed in parentheses.

In a complex scheme, accordingly, two or more parts are distinguished. In the text itself, they are separated by brackets to transfer this mapping into the diagram, and are numbered in order. Only the base is transferred to the diagram. Since you will have to draw a lot, to make the drawing even, use a stencil and a sharpened pencil.

In non-union and complex compounds, only square brackets are used to show the equality of the parts:

For the syntactic analysis of sentences with a main and dependent (dependent) parts, that is, complex constructions, there are two types of schemes - horizontal and vertical:

Syntactic analysis of simple and complex sentences on the Internet

Obviously, such an analysis takes a lot of time and effort and requires certain knowledge and skills. Therefore, many students prefer to do analysis syntactic construction by composition online. This good remedy for self-examination, but only if the quality of service deserves respect.

You can do an analysis on the Glavred website (glvrd.ru). The syntax analysis here does not correspond to the school one, but it will tell you the names of the parts of speech and identify some members of the sentence. For use:

  1. Paste text into the window on the main page.
  2. Select the “Syntax” tab at the top left of the window.
  3. Point at the highlighted word and get information in the white field to the right of the window.

Another resource is School Assistant (school-assistant.ru). Its advantage is brevity in the presentation of the material. The path to analysis information is as follows:

  1. In the left menu, click “Russian”.
  2. Select the desired class (5, 6, 7).
  3. Select the section you are interested in.

A brief theoretical reference and tasks will appear on the page, which will be automatically checked after completion. To save results, you need to register in your personal account.

Create a diagram online

Comparing results from different sites with your own analysis will help you check the work of electronic intelligence and choose the best one among them. It is better to contact the Internet assistant after self-analysis and completing the drawing so that third-party information does not interfere with training.

You can also understand the structure through linguist forums, where experienced specialists will help resolve controversial issues. It is also better to contact them after some part of the task has already been completed, so that there is a subject for discussion.

Tables and diagrams will also provide great support, in large quantities posted on the Internet. All of these resources and materials will help you create a syntactic analysis (diagram) of a sentence and analyze it according to its composition online for free. The key to success is understanding the theory and regular practice.

v parsing compound sentence(SSP)

Analysis plan:

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences within a complex one, draw up a BSC diagram.

  • by type of complex sentence - compound sentence (CCS);
  • indicate what coordinating conjunction connects simple sentences as part of a complex one;

1[You are many years late], but 2[I’m still glad to see you] (A. Akhmatova)

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, compound, consists of two simple sentences connected by the coordinating conjunction BUT with the meaning of opposition; A comma is placed before the conjunction but.

v syntactic analysis of complex sentences (CSS)

Analysis plan:

1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (which part of speech).

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences as part of a complex one, draw up an IPS diagram.

3. Describe the proposal:

  • according to the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
  • by intonation – exclamatory, non-exclamatory;
  • in terms of the number of basics - complex;
  • by type of complex sentences - complex sentences (CC);
  • indicate the number of simple sentences in a complex sentence;
  • indicate what kind of conjunction or allied word connects simple sentences as part of a complex one;
  • type of subordinate clause – explanatory, attributive, adverbial (with subtypes);
  • explain punctuation marks.

An example of parsing a simple sentence:



1[The boys looked after the truck], 2(until it drove away from the intersection).

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, complex, consists of two simple sentences, the first simple is the main one; simple sentences as part of a complex sentence are connected by the conjunctive word BYE, these are SPPs with an adverbial adverbial measure and degree. There is a comma between the first and second simple sentences.

v syntactic analysis of a complex non-conjunction sentence (CSP)

Analysis plan:

1. Underline the main members of the sentence (subject and predicate) and indicate how they are expressed (which part of speech).

2. Find the boundaries of simple sentences within a complex one, draw up a BSP diagram.

3. Describe the proposal:

  • according to the purpose of the statement - narrative, motivating, interrogative;
  • by intonation – exclamatory, non-exclamatory;
  • in terms of the number of basics - complex;
  • by type of complex sentences - non-union (BSP);
  • indicate the number of simple sentences in a complex sentence;
  • indicate a means of connecting simple sentences as part of a complex one - semantic or intonation connection;
  • explain punctuation marks.

An example of parsing a simple sentence:

Our conversation began with slander: I began to sort through our acquaintances who were present and absent.

Offer outline:

The sentence is narrative, non-exclamatory, complex, non-conjunctive, consists of two simple sentences related in meaning; a colon is placed in the sentence, since the second part of the BSP indicates the reason for what is said in the first part.

OFFER

Offer - this is a word or group of words that are related in meaning; from one word to another you can pose a question. A sentence expresses a complete thought.

The first word in a sentence is written with a capital letter, and a period, exclamation or question mark is placed at the end of the sentence.

Every sentence is spoken for a purpose.

According to the purpose of making sentences, there are : narrative, interrogative. incentive.

Declarative sentence - this is a sentence in which something is reported (narrated).

Interrogative sentence is a sentence in which something is asked.

Incentive offer - this is a sentence in which they encourage action, advise or ask to do something.

By intonation there are offers exclamation and non-exclamation.

Exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced with strong feeling. At the end exclamation clause an exclamation point (!) is placed.

Non-exclamatory sentence is a sentence that is pronounced calmly, without strong feeling. A period (.) or a question mark (?) is placed at the end of a non-exclamatory sentence.

The offer includes main And minor members.

Main members of the proposal - this is the subject and the predicate.

Subject - this is the main member of the sentence, which names what or whom the sentence is about. The subject answers the question who? or what? The subject is emphasized by one line.

Predicate - this is the main member of the sentence, which denotes what is said about the subject, names what the subject does. The predicate answers one of the questions: what does it do? what are they doing? what will it do? What did you do? what will he do? The predicate is emphasized by two features.

Members of the sentence

Main

Examples Information
Subject - the main member of the sentence, which names the one who acts, experiences some state, or has a certain characteristic.
Answers the questions:
Who? What?
Predicate - the main member of a sentence that names the action, state or attribute of the subject.

Answers the questions:
What is he doing? What? What's happened? Who it?

The subject and predicate are the basis of the sentence.

Minor

Examples Information
Addition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes an object.

Answers questions about indirect cases.
Definition- a minor member of a sentence that denotes a feature of an object.

Answers the questions:
Which? Whose?

Circumstance- a minor member of a sentence that denotes time, place, method of action.

Answers the questions:
Where? When? Where? Where?
Why? For what? And How?

Offers

1. Role in language Expresses a thought that is complete in meaning and intonation.
3. Types of sentences according to the number of grammatical bases Simple - one stem, complex - two or more grammatical stems.
4. Types of sentences according to the purpose of the statement Narrative (contains a message); interrogative (contains a question); incentive (inducement to action).
5. Types of sentences by intonation An exclamation, in which a thought is accompanied by a strong feeling, and a non-exclamation.
6. Types of proposals for the presence or absence of secondary members Common (besides the main members, there are also secondary ones) and non-common (consist only of the grammatical basis).
7. Types of proposals by complexity May be complicated by appeals, homogeneous members

Parsing a sentence