The first victory parade took place. Parades of the Great Patriotic War

TASS DOSSIER. On May 9, 2018, a parade dedicated to the 73rd anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War will be held in Moscow on Red Square.

First parade

The first Victory Parade on Moscow's Red Square took place on June 24, 1945. It was commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky, and the parade was hosted by Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Zhukov.

To participate in the parade, 12 combined regiments were formed (ten from all the fronts operating at the end of the war, as well as from the Navy and the People's Commissariat of Defense). Each regiment consisted of over a thousand of the most distinguished fighters, including Heroes of the Soviet Union and holders of the Order of Glory. Front and army commanders walked in front of the regiments.

Also participating in the parade were a combined regiment of drummers, parts of the Moscow garrison, and an orchestra of 1,400 musicians. In total, about 40 thousand military personnel and about 1 thousand 850 units of military equipment passed through Red Square. The air portion was canceled due to bad weather. At the end of the procession, 200 banners of the defeated Nazi troops were thrown at the foot of the Mausoleum.

1965 parade

In 1946 and 1947, May 9 was a public holiday, but no parades were held. Between 1948 and 1964, Victory Day was not officially celebrated. In 1965, on the 20th anniversary of the Victory, this date again became a national holiday and day off. Second parade dedicated to the Day Victory took place on May 9, 1965. Then the Victory Banner was carried across Red Square for the first time. The standard bearer was Hero of the Soviet Union Colonel Konstantin Samsonov, the assistants were Heroes of the Soviet Union Sergeant Mikhail Egorov and Senior Sergeant Meliton Kantaria, who hoisted the banner over the Reichstag on May 1, 1945. Units of the Moscow garrison and cadets of higher military schools and academies took part in the parade; almost a third of the participants in the procession were veterans of the Great Patriotic War.

1985 and 1990 parades

In the next parade on the occasion of Victory in the Great Patriotic War on May 9, 1985, in addition to military units and modern military equipment, columns of veterans took part, as well as combat vehicles from the Second World War (T-34-85 tanks, SU-100 self-propelled artillery units , guards rocket mortars BM-13 "Katyusha"). The military personnel - participants in the historical part of the parade - were dressed in uniforms from the times of the Great Patriotic War.

The parade, which took place five years later, on May 9, 1990, also featured military equipment from the Great Patriotic War. In its historical part, a tractor with an exact copy of the monument to the liberating soldier, installed in Treptower Park in Berlin, drove across Red Square.

Victory Parades in the Russian Federation

On May 9, 1995, the historical Victory Parade of 1945 was reenacted on Red Square. All ten fronts of the war years were represented by combined veteran regiments with their battle flags. Military personnel also took part in the procession. Russian army in military uniform of the Great Patriotic War. At noon, a military parade of units of the Moscow garrison and military cadets took place on Kutuzovsky Prospekt near Poklonnaya Gora educational institutions, military equipment.

In the period from 1958 to 1994, air parades were not held over Red Square on any of the public holidays of the USSR and the Russian Federation. In 1995, it was decided to supplement the ground part of the parade with an aviation one - in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a formation of 79 aircraft and helicopters (including Tu-95 and Tu-160 strategic bombers) passed over Poklonnaya Gora.

In the same year, on May 19, it was adopted the federal law“On the perpetuation of the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945,” according to which military parades involving weapons and military equipment, using copies of the Victory Banner are held annually in Moscow, hero cities, as well as cities where the headquarters of military districts are located , fleets, combined arms armies and the Caspian flotilla. In 2000, at the parade on foot in last time Veterans of the Great Patriotic War passed. In 2005, on the day of the 60th anniversary of the Victory, they drove around the square in 130 cars, stylized as GAZ-AA trucks ("lorry") from the 1940s. In the same year, it was decided to equip special stands for veterans on Red Square. Wehrmacht veterans who arrived as part of the German delegation together with German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder were present as guests of the parade on May 9, 2005.

Return of heavy equipment, aviation overflights

An important feature of the parades that have taken place since 2008 has been the passage of heavy military equipment.

On May 9, 2008, the annual parade flights of aviation over Red Square began - then 32 aircraft flew over the capital. A year later, their number increased to 69, and in 2010 - to 127 units. In 2011 and 2012, only five Mi-8 helicopters were involved in the parade’s aviation program, which carried large flags of the branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In 2013, 2014 and 2016, the number of planes and helicopters participating in the aerial part of the parade corresponded to the anniversary of the Victory.

In 2012-2014, during the Victory Parade, such new models of ground combat equipment were demonstrated as Tor-M2U anti-aircraft missile systems, Kamaz-63968 and Typhoon armored vehicles, and Khrizantema-S anti-tank missile systems.

At the anniversary parade in honor of the 70th anniversary of the Victory in 2015, promising models of military equipment were presented to the general public for the first time - the T-14 tank and the T-15 heavy infantry fighting vehicle (BMP) on the Armata platform, the VPK-7829 wheeled armored personnel carrier (platform "Boomerang"), infantry fighting vehicle and tracked armored personnel carrier on the "Kurganets-25" platform, amphibious armored personnel carrier BTR-MDM "Rakushka", self-propelled howitzer of 152 mm caliber "Coalition-SV", high-security armored vehicles "Typhoon-U", remote-controlled universal combat vehicles modules "Epoch", etc. In the anniversary parade in 2015 they used greatest number equipment - 194 units of wheeled and tracked equipment different years, as well as 140 airplanes and helicopters.

In 2010, for the first time since 1945, foreign military personnel from 13 countries, including Great Britain, the USA, France, Poland and the CIS countries (75 people from each country), took part in the parade on Red Square for the first time since 1945. The 2011 parade featured a record number of modern history In Russia, the number of military personnel is almost 20 thousand people.

2017 Parade

The 2017 Victory Parade was commanded by the Commander-in-Chief of the Ground Forces Oleg Salyukov, the parade was hosted by Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, and Russian President Vladimir Putin was present at the central podium. In total, more than 10 thousand people and 114 units of military equipment took part in the parade. For the first time, Arctic equipment took part in the parade - the Tor-M2DT anti-aircraft missile system and the Pantsir-SA anti-aircraft missile and gun systems based on a two-link all-terrain vehicle. 72 planes and helicopters were supposed to fly over the square, but the aerial part of the parade was canceled due to cloudy weather.

70 years ago, on June 24, 1945, the Victory Parade took place on Red Square in Moscow. It was a triumph of the victorious Soviet people, who defeated Nazi Germany, which led the united forces of Europe in the Great Patriotic War.

The decision to hold a parade in honor of the victory over Germany was made by Supreme Commander-in-Chief Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin shortly after Victory Day - in mid-May 1945. Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Army General S.M. Shtemenko recalled: “The Supreme Commander-in-Chief ordered us to think over and report to him our thoughts on the parade to commemorate the victory over Nazi Germany, and indicated: “We need to prepare and hold a special parade. Let representatives of all fronts and all branches of the military take part in it..."

On May 24, 1945, the General Staff presented Joseph Stalin with its considerations for holding a “special parade.” The Supreme Commander accepted them, but postponed the date of the parade. The General Staff asked for two months to prepare. Stalin gave instructions to hold the parade in a month. On the same day, the commanders of the Leningrad, 1st and 2nd Belorussian, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Ukrainian Fronts received a directive from the Chief of the General Staff, Army General Alexei Innokentyevich Antonov, to hold a parade:

The Supreme Commander-in-Chief ordered:

1. To participate in the parade in the city of Moscow in honor of the victory over Germany, select a consolidated regiment from the front.

2. Form the consolidated regiment according to the following calculation: five two-company battalions of 100 people in each company (ten squads of 10 people). In addition, 19 command personnel consisting of: regiment commander - 1, deputy regiment commander - 2 (combatant and political), regimental chief of staff - 1, battalion commanders - 5, company commanders - 10 and 36 flag bearers with 4 assistant officers. In total there are 1059 people in the combined regiment and 10 reserve people.

3. In a consolidated regiment, have six companies of infantry, one company of artillerymen, one company of tank crews, one company of pilots and one composite company (cavalrymen, sappers, signalmen).

4. The companies should be staffed so that the squad commanders are mid-level officers, and in each squad there are privates and sergeants.

5. Personnel to participate in the parade, select from among the soldiers and officers who most distinguished themselves in battle and have military orders.

6. Arm the combined regiment with: three rifle companies - with rifles, three rifle companies - with machine guns, a company of artillerymen - with carbines on their backs, a company of tankers and a company of pilots - with pistols, a company of sappers, signalmen and cavalrymen - with carbines on their backs, cavalrymen, in addition - checkers.

7. The front commander and all commanders, including the aviation and tank armies, arrive at the parade.

8. The consolidated regiment arrive in Moscow on June 10, 1945, with 36 combat banners, the most distinguished formations and units of the front in battles, and all enemy banners captured in battle, regardless of their number.

9. Ceremonial uniforms for the entire regiment will be issued in Moscow.

Defeated standards of Hitler's troops

Ten combined regiments of the fronts and a combined regiment of the Navy were supposed to participate in the festive event. Students of military academies, cadets of military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison, as well as military equipment, including aircraft, were also involved in the parade. At the same time, the troops that existed as of May 9, 1945 of seven more fronts of the USSR Armed Forces did not take part in the parade: Transcaucasian Front, Far Eastern Front, Transbaikal Front, Western Front Air Defense, Central Air Defense Front, Southwestern Air Defense Front and Transcaucasian Air Defense Front.

The troops immediately began creating consolidated regiments. The fighters for the country's main parade were meticulously selected. First of all, they took those who showed heroism, courage and military skill. Qualities such as height and age mattered. For example, the order for the troops of the 1st Belorussian Front dated May 24, 1945 stated that height should be no lower than 176 cm, and age no older than 30 years.

At the end of May the regiments were formed. According to the order of May 24, the combined regiment was supposed to have 1059 people and 10 reserve people, but in the end the number was increased to 1465 people and 10 reserve people. The commanders of the combined regiments were determined to be:

- from the Karelian Front - Major General G. E. Kalinovsky;

- from Leningradsky - Major General A. T. Stupchenko;

- from the 1st Baltic - Lieutenant General A.I. Lopatin;

- from the 3rd Belorussian - Lieutenant General P.K. Koshevoy;

- from the 2nd Belorussian - Lieutenant General K. M. Erastov;

- from the 1st Belorussian - Lieutenant General I.P. Rosly;

- from the 1st Ukrainian - Major General G.V. Baklanov;

- from the 4th Ukrainian - Lieutenant General A. L. Bondarev;

- from the 2nd Ukrainian - Guard, Lieutenant General I. M. Afonin;

- from the 3rd Ukrainian - Guard, Lieutenant General N.I. Biryukov;

- from the Navy - Vice Admiral V. G. Fadeev.

The Victory Parade was hosted by Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov. The parade was commanded by Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky. The entire organization of the parade was led by the commander of the Moscow Military District and the head of the Moscow garrison, Colonel General Pavel Artemyevich Artemyev.

Marshal G.K. Zhukov accepts the Victory Parade in Moscow

During the organization of the parade, a number of problems had to be solved in a very short time. So, if students of military academies, cadets of military schools in the capital and soldiers of the Moscow garrison had ceremonial uniforms, then thousands of front-line soldiers needed to sew them. This problem was solved by garment factories in Moscow and the Moscow region. And the responsible task of preparing ten standards, under which the combined regiments were to march, was entrusted to a unit of military builders. However, their project was rejected. In an emergency, we turned to specialists from the Bolshoi Theater art and production workshops for help. The head of the art and props workshop V. Terzibashyan and the head of the metalworking and mechanical workshop N. Chistyakov coped with the assigned task. On a vertical oak shaft with a silver wreath that framed a gold five-pointed star, fixed a horizontal metal pin with “golden” spiers at the ends. On it hung a double-sided scarlet velvet panel of the standard, bordered with gold patterned hand lettering and with the name of the front. Individual heavy golden tassels fell along the sides. This sketch was accepted. Hundreds of order ribbons, which crowned the staffs of 360 battle flags, which were carried at the head of the combined regiments, were also made in the workshops of the Bolshoi Theater. Each banner represented a military unit or formation that had distinguished itself in battle, and each of the ribbons commemorated a collective feat, marked by a military order. Most of the banners were guards.

By June 10, special trains carrying parade participants began arriving in the capital. In total, 24 marshals, 249 generals, 2,536 officers, 31,116 privates and sergeants took part in the parade. Hundreds of military equipment were prepared for the parade. The training took place at the Central Airfield named after M.V. Frunze. Soldiers and officers trained for 6-7 hours every day. And all this for the sake of three and a half minutes of immaculate march across Red Square. The parade participants were the first in the army to be awarded the medal “For Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945,” established on May 9, 1945.

At the direction of the General Staff, about 900 units of captured banners and standards were delivered to Moscow from Berlin and Dresden. Of these, 200 banners and standards were selected and placed under guard in a special room. On the day of the parade, they were taken in covered trucks to Red Square and handed over to the soldiers of the parade company of “porters.” Soviet soldiers carried enemy banners and standards with gloves, emphasizing that it was disgusting to even hold the poles of these symbols in your hands. At the parade, they will be thrown onto a special platform so that the standards do not touch the pavement of the sacred Red Square. Hitler's personal standard will be thrown first, the last - the banner of Vlasov's army. Later this platform and gloves will be burned.

The parade was planned to begin with the removal of the Victory Banner, which was delivered to the capital on June 20 from Berlin. However, the standard bearer Neustroyev and his assistants Egorov, Kantaria and Berest, who hoisted it above the Reichstag and sent to Moscow, went extremely poorly at the rehearsals. During the war there was no time for drill training. The same battalion commander of the 150th Idritso-Berlin Rifle Division, Stepan Neustroev, had several wounds and his legs were damaged. As a result, they refused to carry out the Victory Banner. By order of Marshal Zhukov, the banner was transferred to the Central Museum Armed Forces. The Victory Banner was brought to the parade for the first time in 1965.

Victory parade. Standard bearers

Victory parade. Formation of sailors

Victory parade. Formation of tank officers

Kuban Cossacks

On June 22, 1945, order No. 370 of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief was published in the central newspapers of the Union:

Order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief

“In commemoration of the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I appoint a parade of troops of the active army, the Navy and the Moscow garrison on June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square - the Victory Parade.

Bring the combined front regiments, the combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, the combined regiment of the Navy, military academies, military schools and troops of the Moscow garrison to the parade.

The Victory Parade will be hosted by my Deputy Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov.

Command the Victory Parade to Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky.

I entrust general leadership for organizing the parade to the commander of the Moscow Military District and the head of the garrison of the city of Moscow, Colonel General Artemyev.”

Supreme Commander

Marshal of the Soviet Union I. Stalin.

The morning of June 24 turned out to be rainy. Fifteen minutes before the parade started, it started to rain. The weather improved only in the evening. Because of this, the aviation part of the parade and the passage of Soviet workers were canceled. At exactly 10 o'clock, with the Kremlin chimes striking, Marshal Zhukov rode out onto Red Square on a white horse. At 10:50 a.m. the troop detour began. The Grand Marshal alternately greeted the soldiers of the combined regiments and congratulated the Parade participants on the victory over Germany. The troops responded with a mighty “Hurray!” Having toured the regiments, Georgy Konstantinovich rose to the podium. Marshal congratulated Soviet people and his valiant armed forces in victory. Then the USSR anthem was played, performed by 1,400 military musicians, 50 artillery salutes thundered, and three times the Russian “Hurray!” echoed over the square.

The ceremonial march of the victorious soldiers was opened by the commander of the parade, Marshal of the Soviet Union Rokossovsky. He was followed by a group of young drummers, students of the 2nd Moscow Military Music School. Behind them came the consolidated regiments of the fronts in the order in which they were located during the Great Patriotic War, from north to south. The first was the regiment of the Karelian Front, then the Leningrad, 1st Baltic, 3rd Belorussian, 2nd Belorussian, 1st Belorussian (there was a group of soldiers of the Polish Army), 1st Ukrainian, 4th Ukrainian, 2nd th Ukrainian and 3rd Ukrainian fronts. The combined regiment of the Navy brought up the rear of the solemn procession.

The movement of the troops was accompanied by a huge orchestra of 1,400 people. Each combined regiment marches through its own battle march almost without pause. Then the orchestra fell silent and 80 drums beat in silence. A group of soldiers appeared carrying 200 lowered banners and standards of the defeated German troops. They threw banners onto the wooden platforms near the Mausoleum. The stands exploded with applause. It was an act full of sacred meaning, a kind of sacred rite. Symbols Hitler's Germany, and therefore “European Union-1”, were defeated. Soviet civilization has proven its superiority over the West.

After this the orchestra started playing again. Units of the Moscow garrison, a combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, students of military academies and cadets of military schools marched across Red Square. Pupils brought up the rear of the procession Suvorov schools, - the future of the Soviet country.

Then a combined cavalry brigade led by Lieutenant General N. Ya. Kirichenko trotted past the stands, and crews of anti-aircraft guns on vehicles, batteries of anti-tank and large-caliber artillery, guards mortars, motorcyclists, armored vehicles, and vehicles with paratroopers passed by. The parade of equipment was continued by the best tanks of the Great Patriotic War, T-34 and IS, and self-propelled artillery units. The parade ended on Red Square with the march of the combined orchestra.

It was a real triumph of the victorious people, of Soviet civilization. Soviet Union stood and won in the most terrible war in the history of mankind. Our people and army defeated the most effective military machine in the Western world. They destroyed the terrible embryo of the “New World Order” - the “Eternal Reich”, in which they planned to destroy the entire Slavic world and enslave humanity. Unfortunately, this victory, like others, did not last forever. New generations of Russian people will again have to stand in the fight against world evil and defeat it.

On June 24, 1945, at 10 a.m., a parade was held on Red Square in Moscow to commemorate the Victory of the Soviet Union over Nazi Germany in the Great Patriotic War. The parade was hosted by the First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and Deputy Supreme Commander-in-Chief, Commander of the 1st Belorussian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov. The parade was commanded by the commander of the 2nd Belorussian Front, Marshal of the Soviet Union K. K. Rokossovsky .

On June 22, 1945, the order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin No. 370 was published in the central Soviet newspapers: “In commemoration of the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War, I appoint a parade of troops of the active army, the Navy, on June 24, 1945 in Moscow on Red Square Fleet and Moscow garrison - Victory Parade."

At the end of May and beginning of June, intensive preparations for the parade took place in Moscow. On the tenth day of June, the entire composition of the participants was dressed in a new dress uniform and began pre-holiday training. The rehearsal of the infantry units took place on Khodynskoye Field, in the area of ​​the Central Airfield; on the Garden Ring, from the Crimean Bridge to Smolensk Square, a review of artillery units took place; motorized and armored vehicles conducted inspection training at the training ground in Kuzminki.

To participate in the celebration, consolidated regiments from each front operating at the end of the war were formed and trained, which were to be led by front commanders. It was decided to bring the Red Banner hoisted over the Reichstag from Berlin. The parade formation was determined in order common line active fronts - from right to left. For each combined regiment, military marches were specially designated, which they especially loved.

The penultimate rehearsal of the Victory Parade took place at the Central Aerodrome, and the general rehearsal took place on Red Square. On June 22 at 10 a.m. Marshals of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov and K.K. Rokossovsky appeared on Red Square on white and black horses. After announcing the command “Parade, attention!” A roar of applause echoed across the square. Then the combined military orchestra of 1,400 musicians under the direction of Major General Sergei Chernetsky performed the anthem “Hail, Russian people!” M. I. Glinka. After this, the commander of the parade, Rokossovsky, gave a report on readiness for the start of the parade. The marshals toured the troops, returned to the Mausoleum of V.I. Lenin, and Zhukov, rising to the podium, on behalf and on behalf of the Soviet government and the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, congratulated “the valiant Soviet soldiers and all the people on the Great Victory over Nazi Germany.” The anthem of the Soviet Union sounded and the solemn march of troops began.

The combined regiments of the fronts, the People's Commissariat of Defense and the Navy, military academies, schools and units of the Moscow garrison took part in the Victory Parade. The combined regiments were staffed by privates, sergeants and officers of various branches of the military who had distinguished themselves in battle and had military orders. Following the regiments of the fronts and the Navy, a combined column of Soviet soldiers entered Red Square, carrying 200 banners of the Nazi troops, defeated on the battlefields, lowered to the ground. These banners were thrown to the foot of the Mausoleum to the beat of drums as a sign of the crushing defeat of the aggressor. Then units of the Moscow garrison marched in a solemn march: a combined regiment of the People's Commissariat of Defense, a military academy, military and Suvorov schools, a combined cavalry brigade, artillery, mechanized, airborne and tank units and subunits.

At 11 p.m., the sky over Moscow lit up with the light of searchlights, hundreds of balloons appeared in the air, and volleys of fireworks with multi-colored lights were heard from the ground. The culmination of the holiday was a banner with the image of the Order of Victory, which appeared high in the sky in the beams of searchlights.

The next day, June 25, a reception was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in honor of the participants of the Victory Parade. After a grand celebration in Moscow, at the suggestion Soviet government and the High Command in September 1945, a small Parade of the Allied Forces took place in Berlin, in which Soviet, American, British and French troops took part.

Lit.: Belyaev I.N. In the parade line of the winners: Smolyan participants in the Victory Parades in Moscow. Smolensk, 1995; Varennikov V.I. Victory Parade. M., 2005; Gurevich Ya. A. 200 steps along Red Square: [Memoirs of a participant in the Victory Parades of 1945 and 1985]. Chisinau, 1989; Winners: Victory Parade June 24, 1945. T. 1-4. M., 2001-2006; Shtemenko S. M. Victory Parade // Military History Journal, 1968. No. 2.