Safety requirements when working on scaffolding. Instructions for labor protection during the operation of scaffolding, scaffolding, scaffolding and ladders

Work at height is carried out from scaffolding, scaffolding or using other devices and means of scaffolding that provide conditions for safe work.

Scaffolding and scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 24258-88 “Means of scaffolding. General technical conditions", approved by the resolution of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated November 28, 1988. No. 237, and GOST 27321-87 “Rack-mounted attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Technical conditions”, approved by resolution of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated July 3, 1987 No. 107.

Scaffolding- a multi-tiered structure designed to organize places on different horizons.

Scaffold- a single-tier design designed to perform work that requires moving jobs along the front.

Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for performing work at height must be made according to standard projects and taken by the organization for inventory registration. Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport. The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases and their construction must be carried out according to individual project with calculations of all the main elements for strength, and the scaffolding as a whole - for stability.

The project must be endorsed by an employee of the organization's labor protection service and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization.

Scaffolding facilities, the working floor of which is located at a height of 1.3 m or more from the surface of the ground or ceiling, are equipped with railings and side guards. The height of the fence is indicated in the standards for a specific type of scaffolding.

Scaffolding and scaffolding can be wooden or metal collapsible. Wooden scaffolding and scaffolding are made from dry coniferous and deciduous wood of at least 2nd grade according to GOST 8486-86E “Lumber coniferous species. Technical conditions", approved by the resolution State Committee USSR according to standards dated September 30, 1986 No. 2933, subjected to antiseptic protection.

Service life of inventory forests from steel pipes must be at least 5 years old. Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ramps securely attached to them, providing safe ways for workers to enter and exit the scaffolding.

Forests and their elements:

must ensure the safety of workers during installation and dismantling;

must be prepared and installed in accordance with the design, have dimensions, strength and stability appropriate for their purpose;

railings and other safety structures, platforms, decks, consoles, supports, crossbars, stairs and ramps must be easy to install and securely fastened;

Scaffolding is designed for maximum load with a safety factor of at least 4. Scaffolding not intended for independent use is rigidly attached to buildings, installations, and structures with horizontal and vertical spacing of attachment points specified in technical documentation manufacturer organization.

Scaffolding facilities located near vehicle passages are protected by fender bars in such a way that the clearance Vehicle did not approach them at a distance closer than 0.6 m.

In places where workers climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters are placed indicating the layout and magnitude of permissible loads, as well as the evacuation scheme for workers in the event of an emergency.

The load on scaffolding, scaffolding and lifting platforms should not exceed established by the project(passport) of acceptable values. Congestion of people on the decks in one place is not allowed. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding (from lifting mechanisms, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must take these loads into account.

The width of decking on scaffolding and scaffolding should be: for stone work - at least 2 m, for plastering - 1.5, for painting and installation work - 1 m.

At the same time, scaffolding means used for plastering or painting work in places under which other work is being carried out or where there is a passage, they must have flooring without gaps.

When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two floorings: working (upper) and protective (lower). Each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure, it must, in addition, be protected from above by a deck located at a height of no more than 2 m from the working deck.

Work in several tiers along the same vertical line without intermediate protective flooring between them is not allowed.

In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people and vehicles under and near scaffolding is not envisaged, the installation of a protective (bottom) flooring is not necessary.

Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ladders for ascent and descent of people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other. On scaffolding less than 40 m long, at least two ladders or ladders are installed. The upper end of the ladder or ladder is secured to the crossbars of the scaffolding.

Openings in the scaffolding for exit from stairs are fenced. The angle of inclination of stairs should be no more than 60° to the horizontal surface. The slope of the ladder should be no more than 1:3.

Scaffolding with a height of more than 4 m is allowed for use only after its acceptance by the commission with the execution of an act.

The scaffolding acceptance certificate is approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization accepting the scaffolding for operation. It is allowed to approve the acceptance certificate for scaffolding constructed by a contracting organization for its own needs by the head of the site (shop) of this organization. Until the act is approved, work from scaffolding is not allowed.

Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed for operation after their acceptance by the work manager or foreman with an entry in the acceptance and inspection log of scaffolding and scaffolding.

In construction and installation organizations, scaffolding is inspected daily by the work foreman (foreman) before starting work, and by a foreman or foreman at least once every 10 days. The inspection results are recorded in the scaffolding and scaffolding acceptance and inspection log.

Work from random supports (boxes, barrels, etc.), as well as from trusses, rafters, etc. not allowed.

During work at height, the passage under the work site must be closed, the dangerous area must be fenced and marked with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.

Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be approved for operation after testing with a static load that is 20% higher than the standard load, with holding under load for 1 hour and, if the results are positive, after subsequent testing in the dynamic loading mode with a load that is 10% higher than the standard load .

The test results are reflected in the acceptance certificate for scaffolding, scaffolding or in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.

Strengthening the hooks, clamps and fingers of suspended scaffolding on the structural elements being mounted or repaired is carried out before they are lifted. Before installation, hooks for hanging scaffolds are tested with a static load that is 2 times greater than the working load, with exposure under load for 15 minutes. The test results are documented in a report.

Hanging cradles must comply with the requirements of GOST 27372-87 “Cradles for construction and installation work. Technical terms”, approved by Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated August 14, 1987 No. 173.

Hanging cradles are equipped with a four-sided fence with a height of at least 1.2 m, on the side of the work front - at least 1.0 m, and a side fence around the perimeter with a height of at least 0.15 m.

The installation of doors in the cradle enclosure is not allowed. Hook for When hanging the cradle, it is equipped with a safety lock to prevent it from falling.

Cradles must be equipped with a limit switch that automatically turns off the drive motor when the cradle approaches the console installed at the top at a distance of 0.5...0.6 m.

Cradle winches are equipped with two operating brakes; automatically and independently of each other when the winch engine is turned off. The drive of the cradles must have a device for its manual
lowering. The condition of the cradles is checked daily before work, mobile scaffolding and ropes and a test is carried out to simulate a break in the working rope.

Testing of supporting and suspended scaffolding after control assembly is carried out evenly distributed over the upper tier | load 2.5 kPa (250 kgf/m 2) with exposure under load for I 10 minutes. After the test, the scaffolding is dismantled. All their elements must | understand without much effort. The elements are checked for value | smoothness of welds, absence of residual deformations, immutability geometric shapes and sizes. Detected defects must be eliminated and the tests repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results.

Cradles are tested with a static load exceeding the calculated load by 50%. During testing, the cradle is raised to a height of 100-200 mm and maintained in this position for 10 minutes. After this, the cradle is lowered and the condition of its components (frame, drive, catchers, etc.) and parts is checked. Permanent deformation is not allowed. During dynamic testing with a load exceeding the design load by 10%, it is necessary to evenly lower and raise the cradle (without contact with the floor) to check the interaction of components, drives and braking devices. When testing catchers, at least three tests should be carried out to simulate the break of each load (working) rope, while the safety rope should be clamped by the catchers. Testing of cradle catchers is carried out with a load equal to the carrying capacity of the cradle, and at least three times per different heights lifting the cradle.

After the test, the cradle must be lowered and the condition of its components and parts checked. Detected defects are eliminated and the test is repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results. Mobile scaffolding is tested similarly to cradles.

Mounted suspended scaffolding is allowed for operation only after testing it for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the design load by 20%.

Mobile scaffolding, in addition, is tested by a dynamic load exceeding the design load by 10%. The results of scaffolding tests are reflected in the act of their acceptance and in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding. During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave mobile scaffolding in a raised state.

Mobile scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 28012-89 “Mobile prefabricated scaffolding. Technical conditions”, approved by resolution of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated January 5, 1989 No. 1.

Scaffolding in general, work site flooring and others load-bearing elements scaffolding must withstand a static load 1.25 times higher than the standard 2000 N/m 2 (200 kgf/m 2).

All load-bearing horizontal elements of the scaffold must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element, railings - 700 N (70 kgf).

The height of the railings of the scaffold fencing must be at least 1.1 m, the side railing of the working platform flooring must be at least 0.15 m. For the ascent and descent of people, the scaffolds are equipped with stairs.

When performing finishing or masonry work When using scaffolding, you must strictly adhere to SNiP III-A, II-70 “Safety in Construction”. Here we in simple language Let's try to describe the basic requirements during the execution of work.

Scaffolding pin clamp frame wedge must necessarily comply with GOST 24258-88 and GOST 27321-87. This must be stated in the passport, which must be supplied with the scaffolding. All elements must be inventory and made according to a standard design.
It is permissible to carry out work with non-inventory scaffolding on individual projects, but only after their acceptance by members of a specially created commission with the signature of the director. The height of the working platform of such scaffolding should be no more than 4 m.
The installation of scaffolding at the site must be carried out strictly in compliance with the requirements of the Work Project (WPR)
Scaffolding is made from durable metal, and the choice of pipe for production is determined taking into account the safety factor = 4. Thanks to this, scaffolding whose price will increase slightly can guarantee safe work at the stated height.
Small wooden scaffolding is made from wood of at least grade 2. All structures must be coated with an antiseptic.
All scaffolding must be painted. The paint is applied to a previously primed surface. Do not be tempted to buy scaffolding inexpensively unpainted, as some manufacturers offer. All scaffolding sold by the New Heights company is powder coated.
All structures must be made so that moisture does not accumulate in the internal areas of individual elements.
Scaffolding MUST be secured to external structures. Thus, for frame scaffolding, anchor brackets are usually used, for pin scaffolding, LS and brickwork- wall supports. The number of places for securing is usually specified in the passport. Otherwise, this must be specified in the PPR: at least once every 2 spans for the uppermost tier of scaffolding, and one for every 50 m2 of projection onto the facade. It is strictly forbidden to attach scaffolding to cornices, external balconies, etc.
Scaffolding must be equipped with ladders or special ladders that allow workers to rise to the full height. The maximum distance between stairs is 40m. LR frame scaffolding uses frames with ladders welded into them. With pin scaffolding, one end of the ladder hooks onto a cross brace, and the other rests against the flooring. The slope of the ladder cannot be more than 1:3, and the inclination to the horizontal cannot be more than 60 degrees. The worker's exit point on the upper tier must be equipped with barriers.
To give the scaffolding rigidity, it is necessary to connect them with spacers. For this purpose, LS pin scaffolding is equipped with clamps and diagonal braces.
When using scaffolding, side guards are required. In frame scaffolding of the Republic of Lithuania, the fencing is frames and connections.
When working at a height above 6m, it is necessary to install at least 2 tiers of flooring: working and safety. Each workplace must be equipped with a flooring installed on 1 tier higher than the worker’s location. The heights of working tiers should not be higher than 2 m from each other. (especially relevant for clamp scaffolding).
Passages must be marked under scaffolding. More detailed rules markings are specified in GOST 12.4.026-76.
If the scaffolding has not been used for more than 30 calendar days, then it is necessary to re-commission them.
It is strictly forbidden to load the scaffolding more than stated by the manufacturer. Frame scaffolding for 40m - LR-2000-40 - can withstand a load of 200 kg/m2, and when using a crossbar in the form of a truss - 500 kg/m2. It is unacceptable to load scaffolding with a conventional crossbar above 200 kg/m2. The load lying on the scaffolding must be installed evenly over the entire surface of the tiers.
Every day, before work, scaffolding must be inspected by a specially appointed worker or work manager. All results must be reflected in the Scaffold Acceptance and Inspection Log. le acceptance and inspection of scaffolding.

font size

INTERINDUSTRY RULES ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY WHEN WORKING AT HEIGHT - RM-012-2000 (approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated 04-10-2000 68)... Relevant in 2018

2.2. Requirements for scaffolding and scaffolding

2.2.1. Work at height is carried out from scaffolding, scaffolding or using other devices and means of scaffolding that provide conditions for safe work.

2.2.2. Scaffolding and scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 24258-88, GOST 27321-87.

2.2.3. Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for performing work at height must be manufactured according to standard designs and taken into inventory by the organization.

Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport.

The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases and their construction must be carried out according to an individual project with calculations of all the main elements for strength, and the scaffolding as a whole - for stability. The project must be endorsed by an employee of the labor protection service and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization.

2.2.4. The mass of assembly elements per one worker at manual assembly scaffolding means should be no more than:

25 kg - when installing scaffolding at height;

50 kg - when installing scaffolding equipment on the ground or ceiling (with subsequent installation in working position installation cranes, winches, etc.).

2.2.5. Box-shaped and tubular scaffolding elements must be made in such a way as to prevent the accumulation of moisture in their internal cavities.

2.2.6. Scaffolding facilities, the working floor of which is located at a height of 1.3 m or more from the surface of the ground or ceiling, must have railings and side guards.

2.2.7. Steel structures Scaffolding materials must be primed and painted. Painting of scaffolding means must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-76.

2.2.8. Scaffolding and scaffolding can be wooden or metal collapsible.

Wooden scaffolding and scaffolding are made from dry coniferous and deciduous wood of at least grade 2 according to GOST 8486-86, subjected to antiseptic protection.

2.2.9. Wooden deck boards and scaffolding side railings are deeply impregnated with a fire retardant compound. Nails in wooden panels floorings are driven under the cap and bent.

2.2.10. The service life of inventory scaffolding must be at least 5 years.

2.2.11. Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ramps securely attached to them, providing safe ways for workers to enter and exit the scaffolding.

2.2.12. The ground surface on which scaffolding means are installed must be leveled (leveled and compacted) to ensure the drainage of surface water from it.

2.2.13. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the scaffolding means must be equipped with adjustable supports (jacks) to ensure horizontal installation, or temporary support structures must be installed to ensure the horizontal installation of the scaffolding means.

2.2.14. Forests and their elements:

a) must ensure the safety of workers during installation and dismantling;

b) must be prepared and installed in accordance with the design, have dimensions, strength and stability appropriate for their purpose;

c) railings and other safety structures, platforms, decks, consoles, supports, crossbars, stairs and ramps must be easy to install and securely fastened;

2.2.15. Scaffolding is designed for maximum load with a safety factor of at least 4.

2.2.16. Scaffolding not intended for independent use is rigidly attached to buildings, installations, and structures with horizontal and vertical spacing of attachment points specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.

2.2.17. In the absence of instructions for fastening scaffolding means in the work design or in the manufacturer's instructions, fastening scaffolding to the walls of buildings (objects) is carried out through at least one tier for the outer racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 sq. m projection of the scaffolding surface onto the façade of the building (facility).

It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.

2.2.18. Scaffolding facilities located near vehicle passages are protected by fender bars in such a way that the dimensions of vehicles do not approach them at a distance closer than 0.6 m.

2.2.19. Scaffolding and devices used as supports for working platforms and decking must have robust construction, a stable base, have an appropriate system of struts and stiffening elements, fixedly fixed, to ensure stability.

2.2.20. Loads acting on scaffolding means during the work process should not exceed those calculated according to the project or technical specifications. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding and scaffolding (from machines for lifting materials, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must be checked for strength and, if necessary, reinforced.

2.2.21. In places where workers climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters are placed indicating the layout and magnitude of permissible loads, as well as the evacuation scheme for workers in the event of an emergency.

2.2.22. Metal scaffolding made from straight metal pipes that do not have dents, cracks or other defects that impair the strength of the elements.

2.2.23. Collapsible metal scaffolding must have reliable connections for stackable risers.

2.2.24. For scaffolding, only metal fasteners (bolts, strings, clamps, staples, etc.) should be used.

2.2.25. Pipes, fittings, couplings used in tubular scaffolding must comply with the assortment and technical specifications.

Alloy and steel pipes should not be used simultaneously in scaffold construction.

Pipes must not have cracks, chips, excessive corrosion, or visually detectable curvature; the ends of the pipes must be strictly perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.

The couplings are made of forged steel, and they should not cause deformation of the pipes during assembly and disassembly.

The fittings and couplings must be free of defects and deformations and must be periodically lubricated.

2.2.26. To ensure stability, scaffolding posts are attached along their entire height to strong parts of the building (structure) or structure.

The locations and methods of fastening the racks are indicated in the work project.

2.2.27. Attach scaffolding and scaffolding to protruding and unstable parts of the building and structures and install scaffolding on structural elements without confirmation by calculation of their strength is not allowed.

If it is necessary to install scaffolding and scaffolding near hot surfaces or elements of equipment, the wooden parts of the scaffolding are protected from fire.

2.2.28. The load on the flooring of scaffolding, scaffolding and lifting platforms should not exceed those established by the project (passport) acceptable values.

2.2.29. Congestion of people on the decks in one place is not allowed. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding (from lifting mechanisms, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must take these loads into account.

2.2.30. Floorings on scaffolding and scaffolding must have a flat surface with gaps between elements of no more than 5 mm and be attached to the crossbars of the scaffolding.

The ends of the joining elements of the decking are placed on supports with an overlap of at least 20 cm in each direction. To avoid the formation of thresholds, the ends of the overlapped elements are beveled.

The width of decking on scaffolding and scaffolding should be: for stone works- at least 2 m, for plastering - 1.5 m, for painting and installation - 1 m.

At the same time, scaffolding means used for plastering or painting work in places under which other work is being carried out or where there is a passage must have a flooring without gaps.

2.2.31. When laying flooring elements (boards, boards) on supports (fingers, purlins), check the strength of their fastening and make sure that these elements cannot move.

2.2.32. The supports and hangers of the decking are designed with a sufficient margin of safety, allowing for maximum lifting on them. possible quantity workers and materials.

2.2.33. Racks, frames, support ladders and others vertical elements scaffolding is installed and secured with ties according to the design. The support risers are reliably strengthened from loosening with spacers and braces.

A solid (uncut) board lining with a thickness of at least 5 cm is laid under the ends of each pair of scaffolding posts in the transverse direction. The support pads are laid on a pre-planned and compacted surface.

Leveling the lining with bricks, stones, scrap boards and wedges is not allowed.

2.2.34. When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two floorings: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a flooring, located at a height distance of no more than 2 m from the working floor.

Work in several tiers along the same vertical line without intermediate protective flooring between them is not allowed.

In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people and vehicles under and near scaffolding is not envisaged, the installation of a protective (bottom) flooring is not necessary.

2.2.35. When the work is multi-tiered, platforms, decks, scaffoldings, and scaffolding ladders are equipped to protect against falling objects. protective screens of sufficient strength and size.

2.2.36. Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ladders for lifting and descending people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other. On scaffolding less than 40 m long, at least two ladders or ladders are installed. The upper end of the ladder or ladder is secured to the crossbars of the scaffolding.

Openings in the scaffolding for exit from stairs are fenced. The angle of inclination of stairs should be no more than 60 degrees. to a horizontal surface. The slope of the ladder should be no more than 1:3.

2.2.37. To lift loads onto scaffolding, blocks, jib beams and other small mechanization equipment are used, which should be secured according to the design.

Openings for moving cargo must have four-sided barriers.

2.2.38. Near driveways, I install scaffolding equipment at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the vehicle dimensions.

2.2.39. Forests high<*>more than 4 m are allowed for operation after their acceptance by the commission with the execution of an act.

<*>The height of the scaffolding is measured from the level of the ground, floor or platform on which the scaffolding posts are installed.

Until the act is approved, work from scaffolding is not allowed.

2.2.40. Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed for operation after their acceptance by the work manager or foreman with the appropriate entry being made in the Scaffolding and Scaffolding Acceptance and Inspection Log.

When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following is checked: the presence of connections and fastenings that ensure stability and the strength of the fastening points of individual elements; serviceability of working decks and fences; verticality of the racks; reliability of support platforms and the presence of grounding (for metal scaffolding).

The curvature of the posts should be no more than 1.5 mm per 1 m of length.

2.2.41. In repair and maintenance organizations, the scaffolding is inspected daily by the work manager.

In construction and installation organizations, scaffolding is inspected daily by the work foreman (foreman) before starting work, and by a foreman or foreman at least once every 10 days.

The inspection results are recorded in the Scaffolding and Scaffolding Acceptance and Inspection Log.

2.2.42. When inspecting forests, it is established:

a) the presence or absence of defects and damage to scaffolding structural elements affecting their strength and stability;

b) strength and stability of forests;

c) availability necessary fencing;

d) suitability of scaffolding for further work.

Forest inspections are carried out regularly within the time limits stipulated technical specifications on forests, as well as every time after a break in operation, exposure to extreme weather or seismic conditions, or other circumstances that may affect their strength and stability.

2.2.43. Forests from which no work has been carried out for a month or more are subject to re-acceptance before resuming work. Forests located on outdoors, after rain or thaw, which may affect bearing capacity foundations under them, as well as after mechanical influences. If deformations are detected, the scaffolding must be in good condition and accepted again in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.2.39 and 2.2.40 Regulations.

2.2.44. Floorings and ladders of scaffolding and scaffolding must be periodically cleared of debris during work and daily after work. winter time- from snow and ice and, if necessary, sprinkle with sand.

2.2.45. Scaffolding and scaffolding from which work is temporarily not carried out should be maintained in good condition.

2.2.46. Work from random supports (boxes, barrels, etc.), as well as from trusses, rafters, etc. not allowed.

2.2.47. To avoid impacts on the scaffolding with a load suspended from the crane hook, turning the crane boom simultaneously with lifting (lowering) the load in the immediate vicinity of the scaffolding is not allowed.

The load should be lifted and lowered onto the deck at minimum speed, smoothly, without jolts.

2.2.48. Scaffolding is assembled and disassembled in accordance with the sequence specified in the work plan. Workers involved in the assembly and disassembly of scaffolding must be instructed on the methods and sequence of work and safety measures.

Access for unauthorized persons(not directly involved in these works) into the area where scaffolding and scaffolding are being installed or dismantled must be closed.

2.2.49. Metal scaffolding is not allowed to be installed closer than 5 m from the masts electrical network and operating equipment. Electric wires, located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding, during their installation or disassembly must be de-energized and grounded, or enclosed in a box, or dismantled.

2.2.50. During work at height, the passage under the work site must be closed and the dangerous area must be fenced and marked with safety signs in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026-76.

Scaffolding located at passages into the building is equipped with protective canopies with continuous side cladding to protect people from objects accidentally falling from above.

Protective canopies must protrude beyond the scaffolding by at least 1.5 m and have a slope of 20 degrees. towards the forests.

The height of clear passages must be at least 1.8 m.

2.2.51. When organizing a mass passage in the immediate vicinity of scaffolding means, the places where people pass are equipped with a continuous protective canopy, and the façade of the scaffolding is covered with a protective mesh with a cell size of no more than 5 x 5 mm.

2.2.52. The gap between the wall of the building or equipment and the working floor of the scaffolding installed near it should not exceed 50 mm for masonry and 150 mm for finishing work.

In production thermal insulation works the gap between the insulated surface and the working deck should not exceed twice the thickness of the insulation plus 50 mm. Gaps of more than 50 mm must be closed in all cases when no work is being done.

2.2.53. Partial dismantling of scaffolding and leaving it for work on it without taking appropriate safety measures is not allowed.

2.2.54. When using prefabricated scaffolding, you must follow the manufacturer's instructions, and the frames various types scaffolding should not be used together.

Factory-made scaffolding must be equipped with fastening elements that ensure the rigidity of the scaffolding structure.

2.2.55. Scaffolds must be used for their intended purpose, and technical supervision is established over the conditions of their use in the organization.

2.2.56. When lifting heavy loads onto scaffolding or when moving them along the decking or scaffolding platform, it is necessary to avoid sharp impacts on the scaffolding structures.

The load on scaffolding should be distributed evenly, as far as possible.

When lifting loads onto scaffolding, it is necessary to provide insurance using a rigging rope to prevent impacts on the scaffolding.

2.2.57. Scaffolding should not be used for storing materials. Only those materials that are directly used (processed) are supplied to scaffolding.

2.2.58. Work on external scaffolding during thunderstorms, wind speeds of 15 m/s or more, heavy snowfall, fog, ice and other cases that threaten the safety of workers must be stopped.

2.2.59. During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways on the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors within the dismantled area are closed.

2.2.60. When operating mobile scaffolding equipment, the following requirements must be met:

a) the slope of the surface along which the scaffolding means is moved in the transverse and longitudinal directions must not exceed the values specified in the passport or manufacturer's instructions for this type of scaffolding means;

b) movement of scaffolding equipment at a wind speed of more than 10 m/s is not allowed;

c) before moving, scaffolding must be cleared of materials and containers and there should be no people on them;

d) doors in scaffolding enclosures must open inward and have a double-acting locking device that protects them from spontaneous opening.

2.2.61. Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be approved for operation after testing with a static load that is 20% higher than the standard load, with holding under load for 1 hour and, if the results are positive, after subsequent testing in dynamic loading with a load that is 10% higher than the standard load .

The test results are reflected in the acceptance certificate for scaffolding, scaffolding or in the Logbook for acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.

2.2.62. In cases of repeated use of suspended scaffolding or scaffolding, they can be allowed for operation without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding (scaffolding) is suspended is tested for a load that is at least twice the design load, and the scaffolding is secured with standard units ( devices) that can withstand the required tests.

2.2.63. To avoid swinging, suspended scaffolding must be attached to strong parts of the building (structure) or structures.

2.2.64. Laying the flooring on the fingers of suspended scaffolding and using it is allowed after the elements to which the scaffolding is suspended are firmly secured.

2.2.65. Strengthening the hooks, clamps and fingers of suspended scaffolding on the structural elements being mounted or repaired is carried out before they are lifted.

Before installation, hooks for hanging scaffolds are tested with a static load that is 2 times greater than the working load, with exposure under load for 15 minutes. The test results are documented in a report.

2.2.66. For mobile scaffolding it is necessary to use steel ropes having a safety margin of at least nine times.

2.2.67. Cables (ropes) in places where they are connected to the cradle or to mobile scaffolding and the winch drum must be firmly secured. The movement of cables when lifting and lowering cradles and mobile scaffolds must be free. Friction of cables against protruding structures is not allowed. When moving cradles and scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the cable is wound correctly onto the winch drum.

2.2.68. Cradles and mobile scaffolds from which work is not carried out must be lowered to the ground.

2.2.69. Winches used to raise and lower cradles and mobile scaffolds must be supported on a foundation or provided with ballast to ensure their stability when doubled workload. The ballast is firmly attached to the winch frame.

Access to winches by unauthorized persons is not permitted.

2.2.70. Hanging cradles must comply with the requirements of GOST 27372-87.

2.2.71. The drive must be controlled from the cradle by continuously pressing the control device button; when the pressing stops, the cradle drive must stop.

2.2.72. Hanging cradles have a four-sided fence with a height of at least 1.2 m, on the side of the work front - at least 1.0 m, and a side fence along the perimeter with a height of at least 0.15 m. The installation of doors in the cradle fence is prohibited. The hook for hanging the cradle is equipped with a safety lock to prevent it from falling.

2.2.73. Cradles must be equipped with a limit switch that automatically turns off the drive motor when the cradle approaches the console installed at the top at a distance of 0.5 - 0.6 m.

2.2.74. Cradle winches are equipped with two brakes that operate automatically and independently of each other when the winch engine is turned off.

2.2.75. The drive of the cradles must have a device for manually lowering them.

2.2.76. Every day before work, the condition of the cradles, mobile scaffolding and ropes is checked and a test is carried out to simulate a break in the working rope.

2.2.77. Hanging cradles in addition to general requirements requirements for scaffolding must meet the following special requirements:

a) platforms of cradles must have dimensions that ensure the stability of the structure as a whole;

b) the number of anchors for the cradle suspensions must be comparable to the dimensions of the platform;

c) the safety of workers must be ensured by an additional rope with its fastening regardless of the attachment points of the cradle suspension ropes;

d) anchors and other elements of support for hanging cradles must have adequate strength;

e) ropes, winches, blocks or hoists are designed, manufactured and operated in accordance with the requirements for the design and operation of lifting mechanisms intended for lifting people;

f) the flooring of the cradles must be continuous;

g) cradles are equipped with catchers. The maximum fall of the cradle before it is stopped by its catchers should be no more than 0.15 m.

2.2.78. After manufacturing, each assembly of metal structures of supporting, suspended and mobile scaffolding and cradles is subjected to control and testing, for which an acceptance certificate must be drawn up. After this, a control assembly of the scaffolding is carried out, which is additionally checked and tested.

2.2.79. The control assembly of the supporting scaffolding must be carried out without special effort, and the following must be checked:

correct installation of all components by external inspection;

vertical installation of racks using a plumb line (the angle of inclination should be no more than 1 degree);

ease of connection of crossbars, handrails (barriers) and sides with racks;

the tight fit of the ladder hooks to the crossbars, and the lower ends to the floorings;

reliability of installation and fastening of racks;

reliability of fastening the fencing of openings on crossbars and decking;

the presence of sides that prevent the possibility of falling of tools, pieces of material, etc.

Floorings must comply with the requirements of clause 2.2.30 of the Rules.

2.2.80. Testing of supporting and suspended scaffolding after control assembly is carried out with a load of 2.5 kPa (250 kgf/sq. m) uniformly distributed over the upper tier and held under load for 10 minutes. After the test, the scaffolding is dismantled. All their elements should be disassembled without significant effort. The elements are checked for the integrity of welds, the absence of residual deformations, and the constancy of geometric shapes and sizes. Detected defects must be eliminated and the tests repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results.

2.2.81. Manufactured cradles are inspected and tested. Upon examination Special attention pays attention to the correctness and reliability of fastening drives, catchers and other components.

2.2.82. Cradles are tested with a static load exceeding the calculated load by 50%. During testing, the cradle is raised to a height of 100 - 200 mm and maintained in this position for 10 minutes. After this, the cradle is lowered and the condition of its components (frame, drive, catchers, etc.) and parts is checked. Permanent deformation is not allowed. During dynamic testing with a load exceeding the design load by 10%, it is necessary to evenly lower and raise the cradle (without contact with the floor) to check the interaction of components, drives and braking devices. When testing catchers, at least three tests should be carried out to simulate the break of each load (working) rope, while the safety rope should be clamped by the catchers. Testing of cradle catchers is carried out with a load equal to the carrying capacity of the cradle, and at least three times at different lifting heights of the cradle.

After the test, the cradle must be lowered and the condition of its components and parts checked. Detected defects are eliminated and the test is repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results.

Mobile scaffolding is tested similarly to cradles.

2.2.83. Mounted suspended scaffolding is allowed for operation after testing it for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the design load by 20%.

Mobile scaffolding, in addition, is tested by a dynamic load exceeding the design load by 10%.

The results of scaffolding tests are reflected in the act of their acceptance and in the Log of Acceptance and Inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.

In cases of repeated use of suspended scaffolding, they can be allowed for operation without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding is suspended is tested with a load exceeding the design load by at least 2 times, and the scaffolding is secured with standard units (devices) that have passed the tests.

2.2.84. When moving mobile scaffolds there should be no materials, containers or debris on them.

Workers are not allowed to be on moving scaffolding.

2.2.85. During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave mobile scaffolding in a raised state.

2.2.86. Mobile scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 28012-89.

2.2.87. The scaffolding as a whole, the flooring of the working platform and other load-bearing elements of the scaffolding must withstand a static load of 1.25 times the standard of 2000 N/sq. m (200 kgf/sq. m).

2.2.88. All load-bearing horizontal elements of the scaffold must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element, railings - 700 N (70 kgf).

2.2.89. The height of the scaffold railing must be at least 1.1 m, the side railing of the working platform deck must be at least 0.15 m.

2.2.90. For lifting and lowering people, the scaffolding is equipped with stairs.

2.2.91. Each wheel of the scaffold running gear must be equipped with a braking device.

2.2.92. Mobile scaffolds must have a sign containing trademark and the name of the manufacturer, symbol scaffolding, serial number, date of manufacture.

Work at height is carried out from scaffolding, scaffolding or using other devices and means of scaffolding that provide conditions for safe work. Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices must be manufactured according to standard designs and taken into inventory by the organization. Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a passport from the manufacturer. The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases, and their construction must be carried out according to an individual project with the calculation of all the main elements for strength, and the scaffolding as a whole - for stability. The project must be endorsed by an employee of the labor protection service and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization. Scaffolding and scaffolding can be wooden or metal collapsible.

Scaffolding with a height of more than 4 m is allowed for operation after its acceptance by the commission with the execution of an act, which is approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization accepting the scaffolding for operation. It is allowed to approve the acceptance certificate for scaffolding constructed by a contracting organization for its own needs by the head of the site (shop) of this organization. Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed into operation after their acceptance by the work manager or foreman with the appropriate entry being made in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.

In repair and maintenance organizations, scaffolding is inspected daily by the work manager, and in construction and installation organizations, scaffolding is subjected to visual inspection before the start of work daily by the work foreman (foreman) and at least once every ten days - by the foreman or foreman. The inspection results are recorded in the scaffolding and scaffolding acceptance and inspection log.

Inspections of scaffolding are carried out regularly within the time limits stipulated by the technical specifications for scaffolding, as well as every time after a break in operation, exposure to extreme weather or seismic conditions, or other circumstances that may affect their strength and stability. Forests from which no work has been carried out for a month or more are subject to re-acceptance before resuming work.

Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be approved for operation after testing with a static load that is 20% higher than the standard load, with exposure under load for 1 hour and, if the results are positive, after subsequent testing in dynamic loading mode with a load that is 10% higher than the standard load . The test results are reflected in the acceptance certificate for scaffolding, scaffolding or in the log of acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding. To avoid swinging, suspended scaffolding must be attached to strong parts of the building (structure) or structures. For mobile scaffolding, it is necessary to use steel ropes with a safety factor of at least nine times. Winches used to raise and lower cradles and mobile scaffolds must be supported on foundations or provided with ballast to ensure their stability under double working loads.

Hanging cradles and mobile scaffolds must meet the requirements regulatory documents. Cradles are tested with a static load exceeding the design load by 50 %. During testing, the cradle is raised by 10-20 cm and maintained in this position for 10 minutes. Permanent deformation is not allowed. During dynamic testing with a load exceeding the design load by 10%, it is necessary to evenly lower and raise the cradle (without contact with the floor) to check the interaction of components and braking devices. When testing catchers, at least three tests should be carried out to simulate the separation of each load (working) rope, while the safety rope should be clamped by the catchers. Testing of cradle catchers is carried out with a load equal to the carrying capacity of the cradle, and at least three times at different lifting heights of the cradle. After the test, the cradle must be lowered and the condition of its components and parts checked. Detected defects are eliminated and the test is repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results. The scaffolding as a whole, the flooring of the working platform and other load-bearing elements of the scaffolding must withstand a static load 1.25 times higher than the standard load of 2000 N/m2 (200 kgf/m2). All load-bearing horizontal elements of the scaffold must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element, railings - 700 N (70 kgf).

2.2.1. Work at height is carried out from scaffolding, scaffolding or using other devices and means of scaffolding that provide conditions for safe work.
2.2.2. Scaffolding and scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 24258 - 88, GOST 27321 - 87.
2.2.3. Scaffolding, scaffolding and other devices for performing work at height must be manufactured according to standard designs and taken into inventory by the organization.
Inventory scaffolding and scaffolding must have a manufacturer's passport.
The use of non-inventory scaffolding is allowed in exceptional cases and their construction must be carried out according to an individual project with calculations of all the main elements for strength, and the scaffolding as a whole - for stability. The project must be endorsed by an employee of the labor protection service and approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization.
2.2.4. The mass of assembly elements per worker during manual assembly of scaffolding equipment should be no more than:
25 kg - when installing scaffolding at height;
50 kg - when installing scaffolding equipment on the ground or ceiling (with subsequent installation of them into working position by installation cranes, winches, etc.).
2.2.5. Box-shaped and tubular scaffolding elements must be made in such a way as to prevent the accumulation of moisture in their internal cavities.
2.2.6. Scaffolding facilities, the working floor of which is located at a height of 1.3 m or more from the surface of the ground or ceiling, must have railings and side guards.
2.2.7. Steel structures of scaffolding facilities must be primed and painted. The painting of scaffolding means must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026 - 76.
2.2.8. Scaffolding and scaffolding can be wooden or metal collapsible.
Wooden scaffolding and scaffolding are made from dry coniferous and deciduous wood of at least 2nd grade according to GOST 8486 - 86, subjected to antiseptic protection.
2.2.9. Wooden deck boards and scaffolding side railings are deeply impregnated with a fire retardant compound. Nails in wooden decking panels are driven under the head and bent.
2.2.10. The service life of inventory scaffolding must be at least 5 years.
2.2.11. Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ramps securely attached to them, providing safe ways for workers to enter and exit the scaffolding.
2.2.12. The ground surface on which scaffolding means are installed must be leveled (leveled and compacted) to ensure the drainage of surface water from it.
2.2.13. In cases where it is impossible to meet these requirements, the scaffolding means must be equipped with adjustable supports (jacks) to ensure horizontal installation, or temporary support structures must be installed to ensure the horizontal installation of the scaffolding means.
2.2.14. Forests and their elements:
a) must ensure the safety of workers during installation and dismantling;
b) must be prepared and installed in accordance with the design, have dimensions, strength and stability appropriate for their purpose;
c) railings and other safety structures, platforms, decks, consoles, supports, crossbars, stairs and ramps must be easy to install and securely fastened;
d) must be maintained and operated in such a way that their destruction and loss of stability are prevented.
2.2.15. Scaffolding is designed for maximum load with a safety factor of at least 4.
2.2.16. Scaffolding not intended for independent use is rigidly attached to buildings, installations, and structures with horizontal and vertical spacing of attachment points specified in the technical documentation of the manufacturer.
2.2.17. In the absence of instructions for fastening scaffolding means in the work design or in the manufacturer's instructions, fastening scaffolding to the walls of buildings (objects) is carried out through at least one tier for the outer racks, through two spans for the upper tier and one fastening for every 50 m2 of projection scaffolding surfaces on the façade of a building (facility).
It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to parapets, cornices, balconies and other protruding parts of buildings and structures.
2.2.18. Scaffolding facilities located near vehicle passages are protected by fender bars in such a way that the dimensions of vehicles do not approach them at a distance closer than 0.6 m.
2.2.19. Scaffolding and devices used as supports for working platforms and decks must have a solid structure, a stable base, and have an appropriate system of struts and rigid elements, fixedly fixed, to ensure stability.
2.2.20. Loads acting on scaffolding means during the work process should not exceed those calculated according to the project or technical specifications. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding and scaffolding (from machines for lifting materials, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must be checked for strength and, if necessary, reinforced.
2.2.21. In places where workers climb onto scaffolding and scaffolding, posters are placed indicating the layout and magnitude of permissible loads, as well as the evacuation scheme for workers in the event of an emergency.
2.2.22. Metal scaffolding is made from straight metal pipes that do not have dents, cracks or other defects that impair the strength of the elements.
2.2.23. Collapsible metal scaffolding must have reliable connections for stackable risers.
2.2.24. For scaffolding, only metal fasteners (bolts, strings, clamps, staples, etc.) should be used.
2.2.25. Pipes, fittings, couplings used in tubular scaffolding must comply with the assortment and technical specifications.
Alloy and steel pipes should not be used simultaneously in scaffold construction.
Pipes must not have cracks, chips, excessive corrosion, or visually detectable curvature; the ends of the pipes must be strictly perpendicular to the axis of the pipe.
The couplings are made of forged steel, and they should not cause deformation of the pipes during assembly and disassembly.
The fittings and couplings must be free of defects and deformations and must be periodically lubricated.
2.2.26. To ensure stability, scaffolding posts are attached along their entire height to strong parts of the building (structure) or structure.
The locations and methods of fastening the racks are indicated in the work project.
2.2.27. It is not allowed to attach scaffolding and scaffolding to protruding and unstable parts of the building and structures and install scaffolding on structural elements without confirming their strength with a calculation.
If it is necessary to install scaffolding and scaffolding near hot surfaces or elements of equipment, the wooden parts of the scaffolding are protected from fire.
2.2.28. The load on the flooring of scaffolding, scaffolding of lifting platforms should not exceed the permissible values established by the project (passport).
2.2.29. Congestion of people on the decks in one place is not allowed. If it is necessary to transfer additional loads to scaffolding (from lifting mechanisms, lifting platforms, etc.), their design must take these loads into account.
3.2.30. Floorings on scaffolding and scaffolding must have a flat surface with gaps between elements of no more than 5 mm and be attached to the crossbars of the scaffolding.
The ends of the joining elements of the decking are placed on supports with an overlap of at least 20 cm in each direction. To avoid the formation of thresholds, the ends of the overlapped elements are beveled.
The width of decking on scaffolding and scaffolding should be: for stone work - at least 2 m, for plastering - 1.5 m, for painting and installation - 1 m.
At the same time, scaffolding means used for plastering or painting work in places under which other work is being carried out or where there is a passage must have a flooring without gaps.
2.2.31. When laying flooring elements (boards, boards) on supports (fingers, purlins), check the strength of their fastening and make sure that these elements cannot move.
2.2.32. The supports and hangers of the decks are designed with a sufficient margin of safety, allowing for the maximum possible number of workers and materials to be lifted onto them.
2.2.33. Racks, frames, support ladders and other vertical scaffolding elements are installed and secured with ties according to the design. The support risers are reliably strengthened from loosening with spacers and braces.
A solid (uncut) board lining with a thickness of at least 5 cm is laid under the ends of each pair of scaffolding posts in the transverse direction. The support pads are laid on a pre-planned and compacted surface.
Leveling the lining with bricks, stones, scrap boards and wedges is not allowed.
2.2.34. When performing work from scaffolding with a height of 6 m or more, there must be at least two floorings: working (upper) and protective (lower), and each workplace on scaffolding adjacent to a building or structure must, in addition, be protected from above by a flooring, located at a height distance of no more than 2 m from the working floor.
Work in several tiers along the same vertical line without intermediate protective flooring between them is not allowed.
In cases where the performance of work, the movement of people and vehicles under and near scaffolding is not envisaged, the installation of a protective (bottom) flooring is not necessary.
2.2.35. When the work is multi-tiered, to protect against falling objects, platforms, decks, scaffoldings, and scaffolding ladders are equipped with protective screens of sufficient strength and size.
2.2.36. Scaffolding is equipped with stairs or ladders for ascent and descent of people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other. On scaffolding less than 40 m long, at least two ladders or ladders are installed. The upper end of the ladder or ladder is secured to the crossbars of the scaffolding.
Openings in the scaffolding for exit from stairs are fenced. The angle of inclination of stairs should be no more than 60° to the horizontal surface. The slope of the ladder should be no more than 1:3.
2.2.37. To lift loads onto scaffolding, blocks, jib beams and other small mechanization equipment are used, which should be secured according to the design.
Openings for moving cargo must have four-sided barriers.
2.2.38. Near driveways, scaffolding means are installed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the vehicle dimensions.
2.2.39. Scaffolding with a height1 of more than 4 m is allowed for use after its acceptance by the commission with the execution of an act.
The scaffolding acceptance certificate is approved by the chief engineer (technical director) of the organization accepting the scaffolding for operation. It is allowed to approve the acceptance certificate for scaffolding constructed by a contracting organization for its own needs by the head of the site (shop) of this organization.
Until the act is approved, work from scaffolding is not allowed.
_______
1 The height of the scaffolding is measured from the level of the ground, floor or platform on which the scaffolding posts are installed.

2.2.40. Scaffolding and scaffolding with a height of up to 4 m are allowed for operation after their acceptance by the work manager or foreman with the appropriate entry being made in the Scaffolding and Scaffolding Acceptance and Inspection Log.
When accepting scaffolding and scaffolding, the following is checked: the presence of connections and fastenings that ensure stability and the strength of the fastening points of individual elements; serviceability of working decks and fences; verticality of the racks; reliability of support platforms and the presence of grounding (for metal scaffolding).
The curvature of the posts should be no more than 1.5 mm per 1 m of length.
2.2.41. In repair and maintenance organizations, the forests are inspected daily by the work manager.
In construction and installation organizations, scaffolding is inspected daily by the work foreman (foreman) before starting work, and by a foreman or foreman at least once every 10 days.
The inspection results are recorded in the Scaffolding and Scaffolding Acceptance and Inspection Log.
2.2.42. When inspecting forests, it is established:
a) the presence or absence of defects and damage to scaffolding structural elements affecting their strength and stability;
b) strength and stability of forests;
c) the presence of necessary fences;
d) suitability of scaffolding for further work.
Inspections of scaffolding are carried out regularly within the time limits stipulated by the technical specifications for scaffolding, as well as every time after a break in operation, exposure to extreme weather or seismic conditions, or other circumstances that may affect their strength and stability.
2.2.43. Forests from which no work has been carried out for a month or more are subject to re-acceptance before resuming work. Additional inspection is required for forests located in the open air, after rain or thaw, which may affect the bearing capacity of the foundation underneath them, as well as after mechanical stress. If deformations are detected, the scaffolding must be corrected and re-accepted in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs. 2.2.39 and 2.2.40 Regulations.
2.2.44. Floorings and stairs of scaffolding and scaffolding must be periodically cleared of debris during work and daily after work, in winter - from snow and ice and, if necessary, sprinkled with sand.
2.2.45. Scaffolding and scaffolding from which work is temporarily not carried out should be maintained in good condition.
2.2.46. Work from random supports (boxes, barrels, etc.), as well as from trusses, rafters, etc. not allowed.
2.2.47. To avoid impacts on the scaffolding with a load suspended from the crane hook, turning the crane boom simultaneously with lifting (lowering) the load in the immediate vicinity of the scaffolding is not allowed.
The load should be lifted and lowered onto the deck at minimum speed, smoothly, without jolts.
2.2.48. Scaffolding is assembled and disassembled in accordance with the sequence specified in the work plan. Workers involved in the assembly and disassembly of scaffolding must be instructed on the methods and sequence of work and safety measures.
Access for unauthorized persons (not directly involved in these works) to the area where scaffolding and scaffolding is being installed or dismantled must be closed.
2.2.49. Metal scaffolding is not allowed to be installed closer than 5 m from electrical network masts and operating equipment. Electrical wires located closer than 5 m from the scaffolding must be de-energized and grounded, or enclosed in boxes, or dismantled during their installation or disassembly.
2.2.50. During work at height, the passage under the work site must be closed and the dangerous area must be fenced and marked with safety signs in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026 - 76.
Scaffolding located at passages into the building is equipped with protective canopies with continuous side cladding to protect people from objects accidentally falling from above.
Protective canopies must protrude beyond the scaffolding by at least 1.5 m and have a slope of 20° towards the scaffolding.
The height of clear passages must be at least 1.8 m.
2.2.51. When organizing a mass passage in the immediate vicinity of scaffolding facilities, the places where people pass are equipped with a continuous protective canopy, and the façade of the scaffolding is covered with a protective mesh with a cell size of no more than 5x5 mm.
2.2.52. The gap between the wall of the building or equipment and the working floor of the scaffolding installed near it should not exceed 50 mm for masonry and 150 mm for finishing work.
When performing thermal insulation work, the gap between the insulated surface and the working flooring should not exceed twice the thickness of the insulation plus 50 mm. Gaps of more than 50 mm must be closed in all cases when no work is being done.
2.2.53. Partial dismantling of scaffolding and leaving it for work on it without taking appropriate safety measures is not allowed.
2.2.54. When using prefabricated scaffolding, you must follow the manufacturer's instructions, and frames of different types of scaffolding should not be used together.
Factory-made scaffolding must be equipped with fastening elements that ensure the rigidity of the scaffolding structure.
2.2.55. Scaffolds must be used for their intended purpose, and technical supervision is established over the conditions of their use in the organization.
2.2.56. When lifting heavy loads onto scaffolding or when moving them along the decking or scaffolding platform, it is necessary to avoid sharp impacts on the scaffolding structures.
The load on scaffolding should be distributed evenly, as far as possible.
When lifting loads onto scaffolding, it is necessary to provide insurance using a rigging rope to prevent impacts on the scaffolding.
2.2.57. Scaffolding should not be used for storing materials. Only those materials that are directly used (processed) are supplied to scaffolding.
2.2.58. Work on external scaffolding during thunderstorms, wind speeds of 15 m/s or more, heavy snowfall, fog, ice and other cases that threaten the safety of workers must be stopped.
2.2.59. During the dismantling of scaffolding adjacent to the building, all doorways on the first floor and exits to the balconies of all floors within the dismantled area are closed.
2.2.60. When operating mobile scaffolding equipment, the following requirements must be met:
a) the slope of the surface along which the scaffolding means is moved in the transverse and longitudinal directions must not exceed the values specified in the passport or manufacturer’s instructions for this type of scaffolding means;
b) movement of scaffolding equipment at a wind speed of more than 10 m/s is not allowed;
c) before moving, scaffolding must be cleared of materials and containers and there should be no people on them;
d) doors in scaffolding enclosures must open inward and have a double-acting locking device that protects them from spontaneous opening.
2.2.61. Suspended scaffolding and scaffolding after their installation can be approved for operation after testing with a static load that is 20% higher than the standard load, with holding under load for 1 hour and, if the results are positive, after subsequent testing in dynamic loading mode with a load that is 10% higher than the standard load .
The test results are reflected in the acceptance certificate for scaffolding, scaffolding or in the Logbook for acceptance and inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
2.2.62. In cases of repeated use of suspended scaffolding or scaffolding, they can be allowed for operation without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding (scaffolding) is suspended is tested for a load that is at least twice the design load, and the scaffolding is secured with standard units ( devices) that can withstand the required tests.
2.2.63. To avoid swinging, suspended scaffolding must be attached to strong parts of the building (structure) or structures.
2.2.64. Laying the flooring on the fingers of suspended scaffolding and using it is allowed after the elements to which the scaffolding is suspended are firmly secured.
2.2.65. Strengthening the hooks, clamps and fingers of suspended scaffolding on the structural elements being mounted or repaired is carried out before they are lifted.
Before installation, hooks for hanging scaffolds are tested with a static load that is 2 times greater than the working load, with exposure under load for 15 minutes. The test results are documented in a report.
2.2.66. For mobile scaffolding, it is necessary to use steel ropes with a safety factor of at least nine times.
2.2.67. Cables (ropes) in places where they are connected to the cradle or to mobile scaffolding and the winch drum must be firmly secured. The movement of cables when lifting and lowering cradles and mobile scaffolds must be free. Friction of cables against protruding structures is not allowed. When moving cradles and scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the cable is wound correctly onto the winch drum.
2.2.68. Cradles and mobile scaffolds from which work is not carried out must be lowered to the ground.
2.2.69. Winches used to raise and lower cradles and mobile scaffolds must be supported on a foundation or provided with ballast to ensure their stability under double working loads. The ballast is firmly attached to the winch frame.
Access to winches by unauthorized persons is not permitted.
2.2.70. Hanging cradles must comply with the requirements of GOST 27372 - 87.
2.2.71. The drive must be controlled from the cradle by continuously pressing the control device button; when the pressing stops, the cradle drive must stop.
2.2.72. Hanging cradles have a four-sided fence with a height of at least 1.2 m, on the side of the work front - at least 1.0 m, and a side fence along the perimeter with a height of at least 0.15 m. The installation of doors in the cradle fence is prohibited. The hook for hanging the cradle is equipped with a safety lock to prevent it from falling.
2.2.73. Cradles must be equipped with a limit switch that automatically turns off the drive motor when the cradle approaches the console installed at the top at a distance of 0.5 - 0.6 m.
2.2.74. Cradle winches are equipped with two brakes that operate automatically and independently of each other when the winch engine is turned off.
2.2.75. The drive of the cradles must have a device for manually lowering them.
2.2.76. Every day before work, the condition of the cradles, mobile scaffolding and ropes is checked and a test is carried out to simulate a break in the working rope.
2.2.77. Hanging cradles, in addition to the general requirements for scaffolding, must meet the following special requirements:
a) platforms of cradles must have dimensions that ensure the stability of the structure as a whole;
b) the number of anchors for the cradle suspensions must be comparable to the dimensions of the platform;
c) the safety of workers must be ensured by an additional rope with its fastening regardless of the attachment points of the cradle suspension ropes;
d) anchors and other elements of support for hanging cradles must have adequate strength;
e) ropes, winches, blocks or hoists are designed, manufactured and operated in accordance with the requirements for the design and operation of lifting mechanisms intended for lifting people;
f) the flooring of the cradles must be continuous;
g) cradles are equipped with catchers. The maximum fall of the cradle before it is stopped by its catchers should be no more than 0.15 m.
2.2.78. After manufacturing, each assembly of metal structures of supporting, suspended and mobile scaffolding and cradles is subjected to control and testing, for which an acceptance certificate must be drawn up. After this, a control assembly of the scaffolding is carried out, which is additionally checked and tested.
2.2.79. The control assembly of the supporting scaffolding should be carried out without much effort, and the following should be checked:
correct installation of all components by external inspection;
vertical installation of racks using a plumb line (the angle of inclination should be no more than 1°);
ease of connection of crossbars, handrails (barriers) and sides with racks;
the tight fit of the ladder hooks to the crossbars, and the lower ends to the floorings;
reliability of installation and fastening of racks;
reliability of fastening the fencing of openings on crossbars and decking;
the presence of sides that prevent the possibility of falling of tools, pieces of material, etc.
Floorings must comply with the requirements of clause 2.2.30 of the Rules.
2.2.80. Testing of supporting and suspended scaffolding after control assembly is carried out with a load of 2.5 kPa (250 kgf/m2) uniformly distributed over the upper tier and held under load for 10 minutes. After the test, the scaffolding is dismantled. All their elements should be disassembled without significant effort. The elements are checked for the integrity of welds, the absence of residual deformations, and the constancy of geometric shapes and sizes. Detected defects must be eliminated and the tests repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results.
2.2.81. Manufactured cradles are inspected and tested. During inspection, special attention is paid to the correctness and reliability of fastening of drives, catchers and other components.
2.2.82. Cradles are tested with a static load exceeding the design load by 50%. During testing, the cradle is raised to a height of 100 - 200 mm and maintained in this position for 10 minutes. After this, the cradle is lowered and the condition of its components (frame, drive, catchers, etc.) and parts is checked. Permanent deformation is not allowed. During dynamic testing with a load exceeding the design load by 10%, it is necessary to evenly lower and raise the cradle (without contact with the floor) to check the interaction of components, drives and braking devices. When testing catchers, at least three tests should be carried out to simulate the break of each load (working) rope, while the safety rope should be clamped by the catchers. Testing of cradle catchers is carried out with a load equal to the carrying capacity of the cradle, and at least three times at different lifting heights of the cradle.
After the test, the cradle must be lowered and the condition of its components and parts checked. Detected defects are eliminated and the test is repeated. A report is drawn up on the test results. Mobile scaffolding is tested similarly to cradles.
2.2.83. Mounted suspended scaffolding is allowed for operation after testing it for 1 hour with a static load exceeding the design load by 20%.
Mobile scaffolding, in addition, is tested by a dynamic load exceeding the design load by 10%.
The results of scaffolding tests are reflected in the act of their acceptance and in the Log of Acceptance and Inspection of scaffolding and scaffolding.
In cases of repeated use of suspended scaffolding, they can be allowed for operation without testing, provided that the structure on which the scaffolding is suspended is tested with a load exceeding the design load by at least 2 times, and the scaffolding is secured with standard units (devices) that have passed the tests.
2.2.84. When moving mobile scaffolds there should be no materials, containers or debris on them.
Workers are not allowed to be on moving scaffolding.
2.2.85. During breaks in work, it is not allowed to leave mobile scaffolding in a raised state.
2.2.86. Mobile scaffolding must comply with the requirements of GOST 28012-89.
2.2.87. The scaffolding as a whole, the flooring of the working platform and other load-bearing elements of the scaffolding must withstand a static load of 1.25 times the standard of 2000 N/m2 (200 kgf/m2).
2.2.88. All load-bearing horizontal elements of the scaffold must withstand a concentrated static load of 1300 N (130 kgf) applied in the middle of the element, railings - 700 N (70 kgf).
2.2.89. The height of the scaffold railing must be at least 1.1 m, the side railing of the working platform deck must be at least 0.15 m.
2.2.90. For lifting and lowering people, the scaffolding is equipped with stairs.
2.2.91. Each wheel of the scaffold running gear must be equipped with a braking device.
2.2.92. Mobile scaffolds must have a plate containing the trademark and name of the manufacturer, symbol of the scaffold, serial number, and date of manufacture.

Safety requirements when working on scaffolding. Instructions for labor protection during the operation of scaffolding, scaffolding, scaffolding and ladders

2.2. Requirements for scaffolding and scaffolding

Latest

You need to know this