Spring protection of garden plants from pests and diseases. Spicy plants on an alpine hill

The joke of the Dutch writer Zonneveld that his country does not have enough mountains resulted in the creation of a rock garden 2 km high!

Let's try to figure out how to create a rock garden on your own personal plot and what plants are suitable for this.

If you take an unconventional approach to creating a rock garden on your personal plot, you can get an aesthetic flower-stone composition that will provide aromatherapy and herbal medicine, gourmet cuisine, and reliable protection from insects. All you need to do is replace daylilies and conifers herbs. And slightly adjust their union.

How not to get lost in the herbs?

Before planting seeds, we immediately determine which herbs are most needed for your family’s favorite dishes and which of them have the most pleasant aroma.

One of the most popular herbs is tarragon(tarragon). It is good for many salads, and it dried leaves added as a seasoning to all kinds of dishes. And for pickling cucumbers and tomatoes, it is simply irreplaceable.

– one of the best spicy plants used in national Ukrainian dishes. Lemon balm will not only decorate a flower bed, but will also serve as a good ingredient for improving the taste of food. The very name “lemon balm” indicates the presence of a pleasant lemon aroma and taste. It is used in salads, in the preparation of various medicinal mixtures, and soothing tea.

U thyme(creeping thyme) has excellent properties - it sits comfortably among stones, blooms for a long time, from June to the end of summer. The flowers of this plant are pink, purple, and white. You can’t do without thyme as a seasoning for meat dishes, in sauces; its leaves and flowers are also added to tea.

A must for rock garden and oregano- the most popular medicinal and spicy plant, the leaves and flowers of which are also used in medicine and in cooking (added to stews, gravies and sauces). Oregano sprigs are added when pickling cucumbers and mushrooms.

And of course, mint. It is added to pickles and marinades, to various herbal teas and medicinal infusions.

You also need to find a place on the hill for basilica, hyssop, sage and nasturtium.

We are preparing a more comfortable place

So, it’s decided – we plant it! AND optimal time for this - late spring. After all, many spices are very heat-loving and sensitive to the slightest cold snap.

Rock garden We place it in a well-lit, visible place. You will have to work hard and clear the ground of weeds, then loosen everything. Next, we lay expanded clay, crushed stone or gravel in the base to prevent moisture accumulation. We fill the top of the drainage with sand or pebbles, and then with a small layer of prepared soil.

The time has come to scatter, or rather, thoughtfully arrange the stones. The largest ones are in the center, followed by the smaller ones. Since granite stones are multi-colored, you can experiment with both shape and color.

Then we fill the hill with peat, sand and turf soil in equal proportions, where we will plant the plants.

Necessary take into account the height of the grass so that the “giants” do not block the sun from the short ones. Experienced gardeners advise giving the center of the hill to perennial, unpretentious crops. For example, one of the varieties of decorative onions. But keep in mind that perennials don’t last forever. For example, lemon balm will give good harvest in one place for no more than 5 years in a row.

As an option: we place celery and lovage in the background, sow red basil as a border, and creeping thyme next to it. Green basil planted on the same perimeter in a diamond shape looks great and gives an amazing aroma, and hyssop can be placed inside it. Chives and trampoline make an excellent frame for these plants. The border is very decorated with curly parsley, and along the edges it would be nice to plant bush dill and coriander. Right next to the path experienced gardeners It is recommended to add savory, lavender and mint.

On a note!

Basil masterfully repels not only flies and mosquitoes, but also more serious insects, for example, the tomato hornworm. Mint - cabbage cutworm, anise - aphids, coriander - Colorado potato beetle.

DIY Alpine slide (video)

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Gardens of spicy and aromatic plants appeared in ancient times. They were located at temples; aromatic herbs were grown

for temple smokehouses: the pleasant smell of burning herbs created a special mood in the “houses of the gods.” In the Middle Ages there were such gardens at monasteries; By the 15th century, gardens of medicinal and aromatic plants were established at the medical faculties of universities. Such famous botanists as Fuchs, Clusius, Mattioli were doctors - a common combination of professions for that time. In their books we see beautiful engravings of hundreds of plants. Since the 16th century, collections of local flora have been replenished American species(among them such popular spicy plants as monarda and marigold), and since the 18th century, species from Southeast Asia.

IN modern gardens There are often areas of spicy plants. Such gardens, located in a sunny place not far from the house, are beautiful and convenient: you can always pinch off a few leaves or twigs for tea, salad or meat dish. We advise you to arrange a “spicy hill”, where unpretentious perennials Every year you can plant various annual spicy and aromatic crops.

Perhaps the “master” of the slide will be thyme, or thyme. Genus Thymus contains, judging by the most modern reference guide, about 150 species, widespread in Eurasia and North Africa. There are about 80 species in the flora of Russia, including about 10 species in the Central Russian region. Why did we use the word “about” several times? Is it really so difficult to count the number of species? The fact is that thyme is a difficult genus to define. Firstly, species growing nearby easily hybridize, forming many transitional forms; secondly, the appearance of plants varies greatly depending on the conditions and time of growth. There are also “thirdly”, “fourthly”, etc.

Most often found in gardens creeping thyme (Thymusserpillum) – creeping subshrub up to 15 cm high with a bright pink flowers. In the non-chernozem zone of Russia it grows in light pine forests on sandy soil. Plant of the steppe and forest-steppe zone - (Th. marschallianus) taller - 10-40 cm, this species has a discontinuous inflorescence, forming several false whorls. Familiar to rock garden lovers early thyme (Th. praecox) - Very low plant– up to 5 cm. Several more species are found in horticultural literature: common thyme (Th. vulgaris) originally from the mountains of the Mediterranean, thyme lemon-smelling (Th. citriodorus), Th. Pannonicus and others. Some species have yellow-leaved and variegated forms. All types contain essential oils, mainly thymol, familiar to us from cough mixtures.

I saw amazingly beautiful thyme in an interesting place from the point of view of geography, geology and biology: in the Cockroach Log near the Pinega River (Arkhangelsk region). The ravine is a huge - wide, deep and long ravine, even a ravine with steep walls of 20-30 meters! On the slopes of the ravine, among the gypsum crystals in the form of fantastic flowers, settles an elegant, bright endemic plant - thyme Talieva (Th. Talievii).

Thyme is popularly known as Bogorodskaya, or the Virgin's herb. But another wonderful plant is named after the Mother of God, which looks like thyme. Unfortunately, it does not grow wild in central Russia. But there is a lot of it in the Caucasus mountains, Altai, Irkutsk region, and Kazakhstan. I was lucky enough to see all bluish-purple from the blooming ziziphora (Ziziphora ssp.) steppe slopes of the Tien Shan foothills. The aroma of ziziphora is incomparable to anything, although you can “smell” the odors of almost all Lamiaceae in it. In shops at Egyptian resorts you will be offered “Bedouin tea” with the same aroma. Either this is a local, heavily pubescent species of ziziphora, or something close. I smell and recognize my favorite smell from afar. If you manage to purchase ziziphora seeds or seedlings somewhere, plant them on your plot, you won’t regret it!

Hyssop (Hyssopusofficinalis) And sage (Salviaofficinalis) - subshrubs native to the Mediterranean - feel great in middle lane Russia. They need to be planted in sunny places with light soils. They have been known as spicy and medicinal plants since ancient times - in Egypt, Greece, Rome. ABOUT medicinal properties Avicenna mentioned it more than once in the “Canon of Medical Science”. Sage is still used in cooking today; it is added to roasts of game, pork, and lamb. Hyssop is added to herbal teas. Flower corollas

wild shrubs of blue-violet color, garden forms the flowers are white and pink, and the leaves are variegated. Plants live in one place for 5-6 years (sometimes longer); easily propagated by seeds.

(Origanumvulgare) - the most popular spicy and medicinal plant. The people call her Mother, Matryoshka, Ladanka. Its Latin scientific name means “joy of the mountains.” There are no mountains in European non-black earth Russia, but the pink carpets of blooming oregano on the slopes of hills or along the edges of pine forests evoke such a feeling of joy that you understand the ancient Greeks, who gave the name to the plant. Essential oil oregano flavors soaps, creams, shampoos, and toothpastes. Dried herbs are added to meat and fish dishes, added to pies fillings, and used for pickling cucumbers and mushrooms. About medicinal tea and there is nothing to say! Oregano is good mixed with any other herbs.

Oregano is so often found in the wild, with flowers of bright pink, pale pink and even white, growing in such huge clumps that it is not difficult to move several bushes from the edge to the garden. Next will be self-seeding. True, for spicy slides You can purchase a dwarf variety.

Two kinds monarda - double And piped (Monardadidyma, M. fistulosa) - arrived to us from North America. And there are about 100 species in total! The leaves and flowers of these perennials have long been used as a spice by the American Indians. In Russia, monarda is better known as ornamental plant, but it’s worth trying to use it in cooking along with mint, oregano, and sage.

Lofant anise (Lophantusanisatum, Agastachefoeniculum) is still an infrequent guest in garden plots, although

This spicy plant of the Lamiaceae family from North America is an excellent vitamin green and aromatic addition to tea. Lofant is undemanding to soil and is easily propagated by seeds and by dividing the bush.

Several spicy annuals with a decorative appearance combine well with the listed perennials on the hill. These are like this unpretentious plants, How Moldavian snakehead (Dracocephalummoldavica) with a faint lemon aroma, well known to everyone

basil(Ocimumbasilicum) with purple fragrant leaves, garden savory And mountain savory (Saturejahortensis, S. montana) - plants with a very strong characteristic odor.

Don’t be surprised that garden plants are also included among the herb plants. nasturtium (Tropaeolumxcultorum). The whole plant smells strong and spicy, can be added to different dishes pieces of leaves and flowers. But we are interested in young unripe fruits as a spice. A surrogate of capers is prepared from them (capers, or capers, are a plant in southern Europe with edible spicy buds). The recipe for making nasturtium “kapers” is in the famous old book by Elena Molokhovets. But you can prepare them even simpler: pour hot marinade over the unripe fruits, and when it cools down, put them in jars. You can put a handful of nasturtium fruits in vegetables prepared for canning: cucumbers, tomatoes, squash, beets.

Many people today arrange for summer cottage The Alpine slide is beautiful and prestigious. We propose to create a rock garden from medicinal plants, which will not only please the eye, but will also provide quick help for various country ailments.

Do you need large stones to decorate the composition, as well as alternating plants, blooming in spring, with those that bloom in summer and autumn. The combination of low creeping plantings along the edges with high and lush ones closer to the center is very important. Therefore, along the edge of an alpine hill, it is good to plant creeping thyme - an evergreen branching shrub with thin woody stems ending in recumbent shoots.
Flowering shoots of thyme in July and August are decorated with small pinkish-purple flowers. It is sown with seeds in the spring or in August, or before winter in a sunny, dry place. In the first year, small green branches will appear that require regular watering. They need to be pinned to the ground and covered with earth. This way the bushes will grow better, gradually forming a thick, elegant mat. You can purchase perennial plants from a nursery or transplant them from nature. Thyme sprigs brewed with boiling water will help you with intestinal upset and bloating; the decoction will relieve coughs and colds, relieve inflammation and itching of the skin. Dried thyme has long been added to fatty foods to improve absorption.
Part of the border can be represented by daisies, perennial plants that form a thick green edge. From April to July, daisies will delight you with white or red basket flowers. Plants are easy to root by dividing the bushes of purchased seedlings into 2-3 parts. It is better to plant them after 15-20 cm. Daisy leaves have anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects, so they can be applied to wounds and cuts, and chewed for gum inflammation. In spring, fresh leaves are added to salad to support the body during the period of vitamin deficiency. A good addition Sedum will also serve as a border, a low perennial with a thin creeping rhizome and numerous stems covered with small thick leaves.
From June to September it appears yellow flowers with sharp petals that successfully complement color scheme alpine hill at a time when many other plants have already faded. Sedum is propagated by dividing bushes and pieces of stems, which can be planted directly into the ground. He loves sunny places with dry, loose soil. Fresh sedum juice can be used to wipe away age spots; it helps reduce calluses and warts. However, do not take the juice internally - it is highly poisonous. You can also plant fragrant violets along the edge -perennial with creeping rhizome. She has beautiful sockets leaves and flowers purple, pink, white. Violet loves the morning rays of the sun and loose, moist soil. A decoction of violet flowers, leaves and rhizomes is good for coughs, and the juice contains bactericidal substances and is used for dermatitis.
The second row of the rock garden can be represented by taller plants, for example, thick-leaved bergenia. Its lush rosettes of rounded heart-shaped leaves will delight the eye with early spring until the first snow. At the very beginning of spring, flat inflorescences will appear on long pinkish leafless shoots, decorated with small pink flowers. Bergenia can be planted using both seeds and rhizome cuttings. It is extremely winter-hardy; it is not without reason that it originates from Siberia. Bergenia is undemanding to soil and moisture, but loves the sun - it needs to be in direct rays for at least 2-3 hours a day. In Tibetan and Russian folk medicine, the bergenia rhizome is extremely valued - it can lower blood pressure and strengthen the walls of blood vessels. A decoction of the rhizome is used for inflammatory processes on the skin and mucous membranes; it is used to gargle with sore throat and stomatitis. And tea made from bergenia leaves (it is better to take black-brown ones that have overwintered on the plant under the snow) also perfectly cleanses the kidneys.
Pyrethrum also looks great in the second “ring” of plants. It is sown as seeds for seedlings, and then planted in the ground, where the plant exists for 3-4 years, then it needs to be replaced. Pyrethrum prefers sunny, warm places with loose, slightly alkaline soil. All types of pyrethrums have the property of repelling insects, which will undoubtedly be useful for garden plot. A decoction of feverfew flowers, which must be collected at the beginning of flowering, is a recognized remedy for headaches in Europe.
In the center of the alpine hill, plant enough tall plants, for example sandy immortelle. This is a perennial herbaceous shrub with white pubescence and inflorescences-baskets, which have a dark yellow wrapper or more light flowers. Dozens of baskets are collected in inflorescences resembling an inverted rowan cluster. Plant immortelle with seeds (they can even be taken from a pharmacy bag) in a sunny place with dry, loose soil, cleared of weeds. The seeds are simply scattered on the ground without being embedded in the soil. Water abundantly for germination. You can transplant a piece of immortelle rhizome from nature in early spring or in August, removing all the flowering stems. A decoction of immortelle flowers, collected at the beginning of flowering, has a powerful choleretic effect and is indispensable for liver diseases. Oregano is also appropriate at the top of the hill - perennial herbaceous plant with dense dense bushes and white, purple, pink inflorescences. Oregano loves sunny places, light soils, and is propagated by seeds and by dividing the bush - it is best to do this in early May. Oregano tea improves intestinal function, enhances the formation of bile, and has a diaphoretic and calming effect. It has a particularly beneficial effect on the female body.
The magnificent sedum will also serve as an excellent decoration for the upper part of the rock garden - a plant about 50 cm tall with wide bright crimson inflorescences and fleshy jagged leaves, which has the same properties as the caustic sedum. It reproduces by pieces of stems, which can be planted directly into the ground. Loves sunny places with dry soil. Spectacular inflorescences appear in September and delight the eye until frost.

There are several varieties of alpine slide. The hill on which plants of the Onion family are planted is called “allarium” ( onion slide).

1 - chives (skoroda);

2 - anzur (bows - giant, high, aflatun, stalked, highland);

3 - oblique bow (Allium obliquum);

4 - blue onions (can be replaced with dark purple, blue-blue, branched onions);

5 - wild garlic (bear or victory bows);

6 - Karatav onion (Allium karataviense);

7 - slime bow (Allium nutans);

8 - Pskem onion (Allium pskemense);

9 - Ostrovsky bow (Alliumostrowskianum);

10 - thyme (= thyme,Thymus).

For a rock garden, choose an open, sunny area of ​​the garden, preferably near buildings, near a fence. The slide in the middle of a spacious lawn looks quite ridiculous. A path should lead to the hill, preferably made of uneven, angular slabs.

Firstly, ridding the site of the future slide from perennial weeds. They even grow from tiny pieces of root or rhizome deep in the soil. Herbicides will not help in this case. You have to dig up the soil several times and select these pieces by hand.

At the base of the slide lay a drainage layer. It could be gravel, expanded clay, broken brick. The drainage layer is about 25-30 cm. Pour onto it layer of sand, then - the ground, compacting it every 5-10 cm.

Earth no need to fertilize, because mountain plants are accustomed to poor soil (in general, it all depends on what kind of plants you plan to plant: some need to add peat, some need lime, some need sand).

Stones and pebbles They don’t just lay them on the ground, but bury them to half their volume, otherwise they will slide out of place after the first rain or will look unnatural. Since you need to stand on rocks when planting and weeding, some of them need to be large, flat and stable. They are not laid completely horizontally, but with a slight slope towards the center of the hill. Plants are planted only after a year: the earth must settle and the stones must settle.

Most decorative onions are mountain plants. This means that they belong in the rock garden. Moreover, they are all edible. The most famous is chives with small purple hemispherical inflorescences and thin tubular leaves. Its wild relative, Skoroda, is found in meadows in central Russia. Slime onion, a Central Asian species, is perhaps the most delicious. Its flat, belt-shaped leaves are very juicy and sweetish. The peduncle, at first drooping, straightens out by the time the flowers open. In the soil of the slime there is not a bulb, but a thick rhizome.

Victory bows (left) and bear bows, as well as a slime bow:

Ramson is the common name for two types: the European bear onion and the Asian victory onion. Bear's onion is an ephemeroid: it will bloom, the leaves will fade, and it is not visible in the summer. The victory onion grows later in the spring than the bear onion, its leaves are coarser. Blooms in summer, the inflorescence is denser and spherical.

Several types of mountain Asian onions, anzurs, with large purple balls of inflorescences on a high (one meter or more) peduncle are very decorative. Unfortunately, during flowering the leaves look untidy: they turn yellow and curl. Of these onions, the most common onion in gardens is the giant onion (Allium giganteum).

The Karatav onion is original: squat, with wide flat leaves and an openwork large pinkish ball of inflorescence.

The tender leaves of blue onion are pleasant to the taste (Allium caeruleum). They are triangular in cross section. Blue onion, like its relatives blue onion (Allium caesium), - a native of the mountains Southern Europe and Western Asia. Both species are easily propagated by baby bulbs.

Pskem onion, whose homeland is the Tien Shan and Pamirs, has swollen arrow stalks and tubular leaves that are colored bluish. The flowers are white, like those of a close relative - onions.

The leaves of the onion are flat, bluish-green, rising along the stem almost to the inflorescence. The flowers are yellow, with protruding stamens, making the inflorescences appear fluffy.

Oblique bow:

Reproduces very quickly long pointed bow (Allium longicuspis), or wild garlic, it can clog any mound, but it is tasty, just like soon. The plant overwinters with green leaves, so the harvest can be harvested in early April.

Bows (from left to right) long-pointed, dark purple, blue:

Good on the hill, purely decorative low-growing species onion with large flowers in a loose inflorescence-umbrella: yellow - in the onion Molya (Allium moly), bright pink - Luka Ostrovsky.

The bulbs are planted in the soil starting at the end of September. Planted at a depth equal to height of three bulbs

Since almost all onions are “vertical” plants, for contrast they place low creeping plants. This could be, for example, thyme or creeping thyme. In the wild, thyme is found on dry hillsides, in the steppes, and on the edges of pine forests. There are many types of thyme in nature, all of them are decorative, fragrant and so similar that it is difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish them.

IN last years Many forms of thyme have been obtained not only with green, but also with yellow, variegated leaves. Thyme blooms for a long time, from June to the end of summer, and sometimes blooms a second time. The flowers are pink, purple, and white.

Thyme is the main plant and spicy slides.

The most popular medicinal and spicy plant is oregano.

The most famous herb is mint. Mint and oregano can grow in one place for many years, but they like to “spread”.

Popular as a spice annual plant basil Its varieties with purple leaves are especially impressive. Seedlings are planted on permanent place when the threat of frost has passed. Basil loves fertile soil.