How to seal a stainless steel chimney. What sealant for sewer pipes should I use during installation and repair? The best way to seal the joint between plastic pipes

The main problem when operating pipelines from various materials- the possibility of leaks at the junctions of individual elements of the pipeline. The question of how and with what sealing should be carried out is especially acute. sewer pipes, which usually have a bell-shaped design.

Separately, it is worth noting the need to join elements sewer lines from dissimilar mains, insertion of individual branches in which it is impossible to use standard fittings. These sections of the pipeline are considered the most problematic, and the solution to the problem may differ in both cost and labor intensity of the process.

First of all, it is worth considering the need for high-quality insulation of the connection of elements of external sewer lines.

Which sealant for sewer pipes would not be chosen (we are talking only about quality materials), it will solve two main problems:

Preventing sewage leakage into the ground. The main task is not only to comply with environmental safety standards, but also to eliminate the possibility of flooding of underground parts of buildings (basements, basements).

No less important is the elimination of leaks and ingress. groundwater or parts of soil into the sewer system. Soil water can seriously damage the movement of wastewater through the pipeline, in addition, there is the possibility of silting of the sewer system.

Eliminating the consequences of any of these problems will require a considerable amount of work. At the same time, the costs of excavation work associated with opening the main line are practically no different from the costs of laying a new line. Therefore, it is economically feasible to purchase materials for sealing sewer pipes, rather than spending money on emergency response work.

Main types of sealants

It must be taken into account that most types of polymer pipes do not require additional insulation due to the use of rubber butt seals. Basically, means of sealing sewer pipes are necessary when laying cast iron or ceramic lines. Installation of elements of such highways requires the mandatory presence of the so-called compensation expansion joint, which allows maintaining the integrity of the pipes during certain ground movements.

Whatever sealant for sewer pipes is chosen, it is necessary to follow the technology for its application, otherwise the use of even expensive materials may have zero effect. In practice, various types of materials are used that can provide high-quality sealing of joints, while most pipe sealants were known and effectively used by craftsmen several centuries ago. IN Lately Polymer substances and various resins, including epoxy, were added to the list of sealing compounds.

All existing sealants can be divided into two main classes:

Products applied in the form of a paste (glue).
Self-adhesive sealant tape.

Both types of materials allow you to reliably seal and ensure the safety of fitting connections and individual sections of the pipeline. They are used not only when installing sewerage systems, but also when making connections into main lines and carrying out emergency restoration work, elimination of emergency leaks.

Paste-like materials based on various silicone rubber. They are characterized by high sealing ability and are able to provide resistance to possible deformations. During the polymerization process, silicone sealants turn into a rubber-like substance that is highly resistant to various influences.

Can be used for laying and repairing sewer lines made of metal (steel, cast iron), ceramic and polymer pipes.

There are two main types of silicone:

Neutral, which is used in most cases, ensures reliable sealing of the elements.
Acidic silicone is necessary for the installation of pipelines working with aggressive media.

Sealing sewer pipe connections with silicone is affordable, while ensuring guaranteed quality and durable operation of the joint. Today, this material is most popular both among professionals and when solving various everyday issues.

This type of sealant is a metallized tape on a bitumen-rubber base. An aluminum or copper layer provides sufficient strength and reliable sealing.

In order to achieve required quality connection using such a tape, you must remember the basic rules for its installation:

Before use, it is necessary to carefully prepare the pipes or fitting; the tape simply will not stick to a dusty or damp surface.
Winding should be carried out in a spiral, with an overlap of approximately 50%, this will ensure that the entire surface can be covered with two layers of tape.
The winding should be carried out with a significant stretch of the self-adhesive, this will prevent the possibility of its spontaneous sticking after removing the protective layer and ensure uniformity of the coating (no wrinkles or other defects).

Today, self-adhesive tapes for sewer pipes are considered the easiest material to use, while they provide high degree sealing connections various types. Allows you to significantly simplify the elimination of emergency leaks.

The sewage system must be absolutely sealed. Otherwise dirt and unpleasant odors can't be avoided. How to seal sewer pipes? What options are there, and which one is most effective? This will be discussed in this article.

We use tapes for sealing

Many experts will suggest using special self-adhesive tapes. This material is available in both regular and foil forms.

Self-adhesive tapes have a number of advantages:

they are easy to use;
thanks to the polyethylene base they have good performance characteristics;
have dielectric and anti-corrosion properties;
can be used to seal almost any pipelines;
are used not only when sealing joints, but also when applying a protective layer on plugs, bends, taps, etc.

Self-adhesive film is applied in the following sequence:

First of all, the foundation is prepared. The joints (or other areas) are cleaned of dust and dirt. Then the base must be dried;
When winding the tape, it is necessary to ensure its constant tension. In this case, the formation of folds and wrinkles is not allowed;
By applying the material, there is an overlap on the previous layer, which should be at least 50%. As a result of such wrapping, each section of the pipe will be covered double layer tapes.

Note! Self-adhesive film does not withstand impact ultraviolet radiation. For this reason, if sewer pipes are located in areas open to sunlight, it is necessary to provide an additional protective layer.

Silicone based sealant

Silicone sealant is most often used to seal sewer (and other) pipes. This material has excellent adhesion and adheres easily to any smooth surfaces (metal, ceramics, plastic). In addition, silicone sealant easily withstands all the harmful effects of aggressive environments and is not afraid of ultraviolet solar radiation.

The material contains many components, but the main one is synthetic rubber. It is this that is responsible for the main qualities of the sealant.

To seal joints and other sections of sewer pipes, two types of silicone sealant are used:

acid;
neutral.

The first option is more expensive. It is more resistant to acidic environments, but can only be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The fact is that acidic silicone sealant is not suitable for all surfaces.

Note! Neutral material can be used for sealing any pipelines and for other purposes. It is considered universal. The only place where its use is undesirable is on metal surfaces.

Silicone sealant begins to harden when exposed to air and moisture. Therefore, the opened tube must be kept tightly closed. The material is used at temperatures from +5 to +40 degrees. It is simply applied in a thin layer to the desired area. After crystallization, the sealant turns into a rubber-like substance. Its layer reliably and permanently seals the desired area without losing its properties over a long period of operation.

Other options

If you are thinking about how to seal the joints of sewer pipes, then in addition to the two options listed above, there are others that are no less popular.

We list the main ones:

Epoxy resin. This material is quite widely used for sealing joints.
Portland cement. Used in the preparation of mixtures for sealing joints of sewer pipes made of cast iron.
Asphalt mastic and petroleum bitumen. Used for filling joints and sockets of ceramic pipes.
Hemp, jute, resin strand. This material is used for various purposes, including for driving sockets. The most preferred is to use a combination of hemp or jute ropes and resin impregnation.
Technical sulfur. Rarely used, mainly for sealing joints cast iron pipes. Before use, technical sulfur is crushed and heated to the melting point.

There are other materials for sealing. Various mastics and sealants, woven and liquid materials, but they are used much less frequently.

Traditional method of sealing joints with a socket

For many years, the caulking method has been used to seal sockets. With this method, the sealing material is driven to the depth of the socket up to 2/3. The rest of the space is filled with cement mortar.

Resin or hemp rope is used as a sealing material, or jute rope. To prepare the solution, use cement, Portland cement or asbestos cement. In this case, the grade of cement must be at least 400. The mixture is prepared in advance, and water is added immediately before pouring into the socket joint.

The process of sealing the socket connection itself is as follows:

the pipes are centered relative to each other;
then the sealing material is tightly laid down to a depth of 2/3, using a special tool - caulking or caulking;
after that I'm ready cement mixture diluted with water and poured into the socket;

To ensure that the solution adheres better and cracks do not appear on the surface, a damp cloth is placed at the joint. Such sealing is quite labor-intensive, but provides an almost 100% guarantee of no leakage, especially when using cast iron pipes.

Repairing leaks

If there is a leak in the sewer system, it needs to be fixed urgently. Of course, if the pipes are already very worn out, then it is better to carry out complete replacement. But sometimes there is no time or money for this. In this case, some advice from professionals will help to close the gap or fistula:

If the hole is small, you can use old way- hammer in a small wooden peg. However, you shouldn’t make it long. A peg sticking inside the pipe can cause a blockage.
If there is free access to the entire surface of the pipe, then you can use a regular bandage. The problem area is wrapped with this material, and then the bandage is impregnated with epoxy resin.
You can use a rubber band, additionally securing it with wire.

It is worth remembering that all these methods are temporary. The fistula can be blocked more reliably (and for a longer period) by laying a rubber gasket and then securing it with a repair coupling or clamp.

Quite often (especially for products made of cast iron or ceramics) cracks appear on the surface of pipes. They can be superficial or solid. In the first case there is no great danger. No odor or liquid leaks out of the crack. Continuous cracks are more dangerous.

To cope with this trouble, it is better to use " cold welding" The progress of the work itself will look like this:

the crack is widened, while being careful;
the problem area is dried and degreased;
The adhesive mass, pre-mixed according to the instructions, is applied and allowed to harden.

Cold welding can reliably seal the crack that appears. But still, you shouldn’t delay replacing old sewer pipes.

In order to understand how to seal sewer pipes, you need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each material.

Sealing sewer pipes with tape is used to connect couplings, bends, plugs, turning corners and tie-ins in PVC sewer pipes.

The tape is made of a bitumen-rubber base, a copper or aluminum layer, the base is polyethylene.
It is easy to use as it is self-adhesive.
It has high strength, corrosion resistant.

Minus: if you do not first clean the pipe from rust and accumulated debris, the tape will not stick.

Silicone product is made using silicone rubber.

It has high adhesion to surfaces and does not require pre-treatment.
Provides the highest sealing of structures.
Used to maintain strength in external and internal sewage pipelines.
Silicone sealant for sewer plastic pipes prevents the appearance of mold and rot, protects fittings from clogging and leaks, and quickly sets and hardens (4-6 hours are required).

The only negative is that the product can only be applied using a syringe.

Sealing films have a high-strength polyethylene base, which:

provides good performance characteristics;
provides the opportunity to use them to provide comprehensive protection pipes made of polyvinyl chloride;
resists corrosion and is dielectric;
allows you to seal the linear elements of the sewage pipeline.

Epoxy resin is the most popular home adhesive and is also used on fiberglass. The main disadvantage of this resin is that after pouring the product, the pipes will become non-separable.

Sewerage is designed to collect and dispose of liquid human waste. Any leakage of contaminated wastewater leads to unpleasant consequences - repulsive odors, spoilage building structures and even to the spread of dangerous infectious diseases. To ensure reliable operation of the system, sealing of sewer pipe joints is carried out both at the installation stage and when servicing existing communications. Various technologies using sealants can prevent leaks and correct problems in the functioning of drainage paths.

The sad consequences of a leak sewer system

Why do you need sealing of sewer pipes?

Leaks in pipes occur due to installation errors, as a result of wear of pipeline parts or mechanical damage associated with freezing or shock. Violation of tightness can occur due to incorrect design, non-compliance with slope angles and connection of communications. Increased pressure occurs in the connecting nodes, which causes their deformation and, as a result, leakage.

Sealing of joints between sewer pipes is carried out for the purpose of:

Avoid leaks in external environment. Contaminated wastewater entering the ground causes contamination of soil and water. The smell of sewage is nothing more than a mixture of gases harmful to human breathing - methane, hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, released during the decay of organic waste.
Prevent flooding of underground structures. A large volume of emissions can erode soils under foundations and fill cellars, basements or basements. The aggressive composition of sewage water causes corrosion of building materials.

Sewage washed away the base of the highway

Secure pipelines from external leaks. When groundwater is sucked from the soil, sand and soil enter the system. They accumulate in the lumen of the pipes, further clogging the sewer.
Extend the service life of communications. Rubber gaskets at joints age over time and lose their elastic properties. The process is aggravated by temperature changes and the alkaline or acidic reaction of wastewater. The tightness of the system is lost, dismantling and expensive repairs are required.

To pick up the best way sealing, take into account the type of sewer system, material and design of pipes. Installation must initially be carried out without errors leading to depressurization. Otherwise, the efforts to glue the joints will be wasted.

Principles of laying sewer networks

Engineering networks for drainage include internal, external and storm sewer. They are laid taking into account the requirements of SNiP 2.04.01-85. According to the standards:

The diameter of the pipes is selected based on the second flow of liquid. In apartments this is 30-50 mm for appliances and 110 mm for toilets and outlets.
The optimal line slope is 1-3.5 cm per 1 linear meter so that the wastewater moves freely by gravity without being delayed.

The system should be located with a slope towards sewer riser or common drainage point

The joints of the water pipelines are placed at an angle of 120°-135°. A sharp change in the direction of fluid movement leads to a decrease in flow rate and the formation of a blockage.
Pipe diameter for external sewerage not less than 150 mm, and the minimum laying depth is 0.5-0.7 m from ground level. When laid above the freezing point, the profiles are insulated.
For cleaning, inspections are carried out at pipeline turning points.
Drainage and storage systems must be sealed. To eliminate the risk of contamination of the aquifer, they are removed from the well at a distance of at least 15 m.

Sewerage is laid from plastic, cast iron, ceramic or asbestos pipes. Connections - socket or coupling.

Important. If the installation standards are followed, blockages causing leaks will become a rare occurrence.

Types of pipes for drainage

The choice of method and material for sealing is directly related to the type of sewer pipe. For the installation of drainage systems in apartments and private houses, the following are most often used:

Cast iron pipes. They are mechanically strong, durable, and corrosion resistant. One end is formed in the form of a bell - a funnel-shaped extension, providing a quick and reliable connection.
Plastic. They are made from polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, fiberglass. The products are lightweight and heat resistant. Service life reaches 50 years. The inner surface of polymer pipes is smooth, which reduces the deposition of suspended matter. Inexpensive price and simple installation make it possible to widely use polymer products in private construction and for apartment renovations.

Plumbing polymer products for pipeline installation

Ceramic, asbestos or concrete structures. They are difficult to transport and install due to their heavy weight, and in some qualities they are inferior to their counterparts made of cast iron or polymers.

Types of sealants used and rules for their application

The construction industry produces sealing materials designed for sealing sewer pipe joints. This:

Sealing self-adhesive tapes. Strips 3-15 cm wide are made from bitumen or rubber. They can be reinforced with fiberglass mesh, covered protective layer from aluminum foil. Used to strengthen coupling joints, tap-in points or seal cracks in communications.

Self-adhesive tape

Polymer sealants. Viscous compounds made from silicone rubbers, acrylic or polyurethane cure at room temperature. They have heat and water resistance, good adhesion to the pipe material. Acidic, vinegar-smelling substances are not recommended for working with metal, as they cause corrosion. More expensive neutrals are safer in this regard.
Portland cement. Powder made from clinker, calcium silicate and gypsum hardens quickly when combined with water. To increase elasticity, modifiers are added to the mass. Used for sealing cast iron structures.
Technical sulfur. Inexpensive material Available in the form of powder or lumps. It is crushed and mixed with finely ground kaolin, heated to a temperature of 150°C. In molten form, it is poured into the socket of cast iron pipes.

Technical granulated sulfur

Bitumen sealants. Compositions with rubber or polymer additives are applied heated or cold. They have high elasticity and water resistance, but become brittle at temperatures below -35°C.
Thiokol sealants. Heat-resistant, elastic and durable compositions are very unpretentious and have high adhesion to plastic, metal or concrete. Suitable for gluing pipe joints made of various materials. The adhesive base is mixed with a hardener and vulcanization accelerator before work.

Sealing tapes are designed for processing joints from the outside. Filming protective film, slightly stretching, apply overlapping layers. Wrap the pipe 15-20 cm above and below the joint. First, the surface is cleaned of dirt and dust to ensure a tight fit of the strip.

Paste-like bitumen, polyurethane or silicone sealants are applied to the inner edge of the socket, connected to another part, and left until completely hardened. Most often, such compositions are used when assembling the joint of cast iron and plastic pipes. The viscous layer ensures tightness of the interface and compensates varying degrees temperature deformations of two materials.

Sealing PVC sewer pipes

Installation of sewerage systems made of polyvinyl chloride pipes consists of simple operations - the end of one element is inserted into the socket of another. The rubber O-ring ensures a tight connection. Over time, the ring material ages, and if the joint is under even slight deforming stress, a leak occurs.

There are two ways to troubleshoot the problem:

Dismantling of the structure with replacement of the gasket and subsequent assembly of the section.
Sealing a leaking joint with sealant without dismantling.

In the first case, a viscous sealant is used, in the second, self-adhesive tape.

Assembling a system from PVC pipes with sealant

Sealing of PVC sewer pipes is carried out in the following sequence:

Clean the surfaces to be joined from dust with a cloth moistened with a degreaser.
Apply thin layer glue on inner side socket and the outer end of the connected pipe.
Insert the element without force, pressing lightly.
Hold the link for several seconds until the composition dries.

Remove any remaining sealant with a napkin. Allow the glue to completely harden for 5-15 minutes.

Installation of sewer pipes using silicone sealant

Sealing PVC pipes without dismantling

To repair a joint without dismantling, clear the area for free access. Use sealing tape, such as self-vulcanizing silicone repair tape.

The work is carried out according to the following scheme:

The tape is stretched to increase its length by 3 times.
Wrap the damaged area with an overlap of up to 50% of the strip width.
Lay several layers as tightly as possible.

Sealing joints with self-adhesive tape

Important. Repair tape is convenient because it seals even wet, uneven or greasy surfaces. Vulcanization of silicone rubber occurs within a few seconds.

Sealing of cast iron structures

To seal the joints of cast iron pipes with your own hands, use tarred tow made of flax or jute fiber. The work is carried out according to the following algorithm:

Wind the strands around the end of the pipe.
The structure is inserted into the socket and the fiber is compacted with a special tool—chasing.
The voids are filled with a solution of Portland cement in a ratio of 9:1 or filled with a viscous sealant.

Tow fills the joint to 2/3 of the height. When wet, the strands swell, taking up all the available space. You can use a mixture of dry asbestos fiber and cement in a 1:2 ratio. Before use, mix the ingredients with water.

Caulking the joints of cast iron pipes with tow and filling with polymer sealant

Sealing concrete rings

To prevent sewer septic tanks from becoming a source of pollution environment, you need to carry out thorough waterproofing concrete rings. Apply various ways sealing:

plastering the inner surface with moisture-resistant compounds;
spraying an elastic film on the outside using a special apparatus;
coating with cold or hot mastics;
pasting with roll materials;
impregnation with penetrating solutions;
sealing joints with bentonite expanding clay and bitumen pastes.

Coating waterproofing wells

Treatment of rings gives a good effect bitumen mastics And additional protection by using clay castle. The clay around the septic tank is poured in layers and compacted with a hand tamper.

When installing and repairing a sewer system, professional plumbers recommend:

Rigidly fix the structures during installation using clamps.
Do not increase the pipe slope above 15%. If the angle is steeper, the water will not have time to wash away the waste deposited on the walls.
Seal cracks in a cast iron pipe using a bandage soaked in cement mortar and a clamp.
If the system does not provide an angle of inclination for free drainage, use special blowers for sewage.
Regularly inspect drainage lines.

Assembling the sewer system in compliance with the standards, sealing critical joints and careful operation will help the structure last a long time.

July 25, 2016
Specialization: philological education. Work experience as a builder - 20 years. Of these, for the last 15 years he led a team as a foreman. I know everything about construction - from design and zero cycle to interior design. Hobbies: Vocals, psychology, quail breeding.

Greetings, my dear readers!

Many people know that when creating and repairing various utilities, it is important to reliably seal all elements. The reliability and efficiency of systems depends on this. Today I will tell you how to choose a sealant for water supply, sewerage, heating and smoke exhaust pipes.

Category No. 1: materials for sealing water and sewer pipes

For sewer and water pipes There are several types of seals.

Sealing tapes

Self-adhesive tapes, specially created for sealing pipe joints, are a modern means of sealing. They have such advantages.

Self-adhesive films are easy to use and highly effective.
Sealing tapes on a durable polyethylene base have good performance characteristics.
They are universal, they can be used to seal different types of pipelines (sewage and water supply), because they have anti-corrosion and dielectric properties.
Tapes can be used not only for sealing pipe joints, but also for sealing system elements: inserts, plugs, rotary corners, etc.

Prepare its surface for winding the sealant: it must be cleaned of dirt, dust and dried.
When applying the tape to the pipe, make sure that it is constantly tensioned; in addition, do not allow wrinkles and folds to form.
Wind the film, creating a 50 percent overlap in a spiral. As a result, the entire sealed surface should be under two-layer tape protection.

Plumbing tape has poor UV resistance. As a result, if the sealed section of the pipeline is exposed to the sun, it should be additionally protected from ultraviolet radiation over the film.

Silicone compounds

Silicone-based plumbing pipe sealant is another common sealant. Rubber silicone compounds are a composite of different substances that provide high quality sealing. They have good adhesion to compacted surfaces and do not require pre-treatment with a primer.

I would like to warn you that, based on the type of hardener, silicone sealants for sewer pipes are divided into the following types:

Acidic compounds. Their price is relatively low. However, they should not be used to seal certain surfaces that may react with acids.
Neutral analogues. They are universal and can be used for all types of materials from which pipes are made.

Silicone sealants are used to seal both metal and plastic pipes, but only sewer pipes.

Following the vulcanization of silicone gel, after its application, it is transformed into a material similar in its qualities to rubber. On this process has a direct impact on the moisture contained in the air.

At the moment, sealants of the Tytan, Moment and Sinicon brands are of the highest quality, which is why they are popular. They are used not only for sealing joints between metal and plastic pipes, but also for repairing fistulas and cracks.

I'll tell you how to use them:

Before sealing the surface, make sure it is dry and clean.
Next, carefully spread silicone gel over the interface of pipes or system elements.
The composition should not be smeared further. Apply it in 2-3 layers, slightly going beyond the boundaries of both sides of the joint.
It is extremely undesirable to moisten the pipe not only before and during work, but also until the polymerization of the silicone is completed.

Squeezing out and distributing the sealant is extremely simple - using a special mounting gun. If you don't have one, you can use a regular hammer.
Insert its handle into the tube and press this kind of piston.

Epoxy resin

It serves, like adhesives based on it, as the most used product for water and sewer pipes:

In water supply and wastewater systems epoxy resin used for cast iron and ceramic pipelines, which require a more durable connection than plastic counterparts.
The advantages of this sealant include its long service life and resistance to more than fifty chemically aggressive compounds.
“Epoxy” is not resistant only to sulfuric and nitric acids, hydrogen peroxide, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone and fluoride compounds.

Hemp, jute rope

Another common sealant for water pipes made of metal and sewer analogues made of ceramics and cast iron is jute or hemp rope, as well as a resin strand (heel). They are used to seal the sockets of networks. I would like to give you some advice - using resin-impregnated rope is a more preferable option.

Previously, only jute impregnated with resin was used to seal household communications. The principle of its operation is the same as that of self-adhesive tapes, but they are fixed differently.

Jute is an ordinary twine. However, if it is impregnated with bitumen or resin, it becomes a durable and strong seal for the sockets of ceramic and cast iron sewers.

Other means

Cement is a common element in some sealants. Most often used for the production of asbestos-cement mixtures and for caulking cast iron sewer pipes.
Asphalt mastic and an analogue from petroleum bitumen are used for the production of casting compounds. They are needed to seal the joints and sockets of ceramic networks. The following mastics are used for different types of pipelines: talc-bitumen, asbestos-polymer-bitumen, rubber-bitumen, polymer-bitumen, etc.

Technical sulfur is used to seal the sockets of cast iron sewer pipes. Before use, it must be crushed and then heated until melted. It should be said that this method is now rarely used, because sulfur has a very pungent and unpleasant odor.

Category No. 2: seals for heating systems

We all have to install a new heating network, change radiators and thread seals shortly before heating season. Find out from my article which sealants can now be used for this.

Flax tow

At the moment there are many seals for radiators and pipes heating systems who belong to different generations. One of the oldest sealants is flax tow, planted on paint.

However, this material was good many years ago; now it is of little use. I'll explain why:

Linen is natural, i.e. degradable, therefore a short-lived sealant. Earlier cast iron radiators quietly operated for 40 years. However, now the service conditions of heating networks have become different. This sealant will have to be changed after 3-4 years.
Current paints have a composition that is different from that of their Soviet counterparts. They are absolutely not suitable as impregnation of flax fibers. Silicone is also not suitable for this. It contains vinegar, which causes thread corrosion.

Modern high-rise buildings are not Khrushchev buildings with 2-5 floors. During pressure testing (testing of pipelines for strength and tightness) and operation of the network of such a building, a pressure of up to 16 atmospheres is turned on. Linen sealant can be used at pressures up to 8 atmospheres.

As a result, the connections on the flax seal burst due to its swelling or cannot withstand the operating pressure in the heating system.

For apartments in 1-5 storey buildings apartment building Linen sealant can be used. There are only a few connections in the dwellings.
In your own home or cottage, the number of threaded connections on pipes can approach several hundred. It is highly undesirable to use flax sealant in them.

More modern means - polymer threads and anaerobic sealants

The photo shows the sealing of a pipe fitting with a polymer thread.

Flax planted on paint is gradually becoming a thing of the past. Now there is a more modern, reliable, safe and durable method of sealing pipes and elements of heating systems. It is based on the use of polymer threads and anaerobic gels.

The anaerobic sealant for heating polymerizes in contact with the metal, completely filling the entire thread. The connection will last as long as the pipes, without replacements or leaks. He will not be afraid of high pressure and temperature, shock and vibration loads.
Polymer threads are also an excellent sealant for threaded units of heating systems. They are suitable for sealing metal, PVC and polypropylene pipes, the mating of which is undesirable using gel materials. The operating temperature of the threads is not limited, and dismantling is easy.

In the lower table I present to you specifications high-quality anaerobic gels from the Russian company RST (Region Spetstekhno).

Name	Purpose	Characteristics
Gel "Santech-master" (green)	Anaerobic sealant for metal flanges and threaded connections up to 1.5 inches.	Polymerization period: 20/30 min. Application temperature from +15º. Dismantling is easy. Volume: tube – 60 g, blister – 15 g. Operating temperature range -60/+150º. Ingredients: dimethacrylate polyglycol and modifiers.
Gel "Santech-master" (blue)	Anaerobic sealant for metal threaded and flanged connections up to 2 inches	Polymerization period: 15/20 min. Installation temperature from +15º. Dismantling requires medium force. Volume: tube - 60 g, blister - 15 g. Composition:
Gel "Stop-master" (red)	Anaerobic sealant for metal flange and thread connections up to 3 inches.	The polymerization period is 5 minutes. Installation temperature +5º. Heating is required for dismantling. Volume: tube - 60 g, blister - 15 g. Composition: dimethacrylate polyglycol and modifiers. Operating temperature range -60/+150º.

Category No. 3: sealants for furnace equipment

Furnace equipment may crack due to temperature changes.

What are furnace sealants used for?

Through cracks can reach the chimney. Then soot on its walls and increased fuel consumption will not be all the problems. IN living rooms harmful combustion products will begin to penetrate.
Problems with a chimney are not so common when it is made of high-quality ceramics or a sandwich, but they are dangerous. For optimal traction, its channel must be sealed. This directly affects fire safety. Why?
Soot often settles on the chimney walls. If it is not cleaned in a timely manner, it may ignite when exposed to air oxygen. The ignition temperature will be quite high - up to +1500º. If the thermal insulation of a heated pipe is poor, the floors or roof will catch fire.
Incomplete sealing of the smoke exhaust channel also leads to the gas burner fire going out. This problem widespread when using gas boilers.

To cover cracks, as well as to join channel elements, it is best to use a paste sealant for chimneys. The basis of such materials are different polymers that give different technical characteristics to the seal.

They are packaged in tubes different configurations and volume. There are packages that look like tubes of toothpaste. The sealant is simply squeezed out of them.

Tubes for mounting guns are also available. In this case, you need to cut off the spout on the cone of the lid, insert the sealant into the device and squeeze out the required volume of paste using the trigger lever.

Types of material

According to the form of release, high-temperature seals are divided into two- and one-component ones.

The first of them must be mixed before use. In most cases, they are used by professional builders.
This happens due to working conditions: when mixing components, you need to measure them very accurately. The permissible maximum error is only one gram.

In addition, if a small proportion of components accidentally gets into each other, a reaction begins, and the viability of the resulting mixture is only a few hours. Based on all this, for non-professional builders, I recommend using ready-to-use paste sealants.

Based on the area of application and withstandable temperatures, oven sealants are divided into two groups.

Heat-resistant seals are used for areas that heat up to +350º. Scope of their use: external surfaces of fireplaces and stoves, masonry joints(however, not between the masonry and casting of the furnace). They are also suitable for sealing joints between parts of hot water supply and heating systems, sandwich chimneys and bricks with roofing.

Heat-resistant and heat-resistant analogues are able to resist extremely high temperature- up to 1500º. The scope of their use in fireplaces and stoves, interface areas brickwork and furnace casting. In boilers they are used in furnaces and combustion chambers. In chimney ducts - at seams and joints, including those running immediately after the outlet pipe.

These pastes can be used in direct contact with open flame. However, then the sealant must have an additional characteristic on the packaging: “fireproof” or “fire resistant”.

Heat-resistant seals

This type of high temperature seals is made on a silicone base. The temperature regime that the composition can withstand may vary based on the exact composition of the paste. Thus, to increase thermal resistance, silicone is modified with iron oxide.

This paste holds temperatures well up to +250º, with a short increase to +315º. Iron oxide colors the sealant in a brownish-reddish tone.

Therefore, using a similar composition for brick oven or a fireplace, you won’t spoil their appearance, it won’t be visible. It can also be used to seal joints heating pipes. However, aesthetics will suffer here.

Based on its composition, silicone material can also be neutral or acidic. The latter analogues dry out and release vinegar. As a result, such sealants are prohibited from being used for cements, concretes and metals that are not resistant to corrosion.

In this case, a reaction occurs between the base and the seal, which leads to the appearance of a layer of oxides or salts, which destroy the seal. Then the seams and joints stop playing their role, beginning to let air and moisture through.

Cement, concrete and metal can be sealed with neutral silicone-based sealants, because... when cured, they release alcohol and water. The main properties of neutral heat-resistant sealants are below.

UV resistance. Thanks to this, they can be used outdoors, for example, to seal roof penetrations.
Moisture resistance. This parameter makes it possible to use this composition for chimney ducts. For example, seal seams and cracks in roof passages, at the junctions of its flooring, and seal threaded connections when installing heating.
Good adhesion to substrates made of different materials: concrete, brick, glass, metal, plastic, ceramics, wood.
After hardening, the seal retains some elasticity and therefore does not crack under mild vibration and deformation. However, plasticity also has its drawback - silicone sealant The paint doesn't stick. It peels and cracks.
The drying period of the material can be several hours or several days. This parameter is affected by the composition of the sealant and its storage time. The fresher the sealant, the faster it dries. The drying period is indicated on the packaging.

Manufacturers measure this parameter at a humidity level of 50 percent and a temperature of 23º. Changing their values shortens or lengthens the drying time. The lower the humidity and temperature, the longer it takes for the sealant to harden.

Polymerization of the sealant begins from its surface and continues inward; it requires air moisture. Based on this, do not make the seams deeper than necessary; the silicone at the bottom simply may not harden. In this case, the joint or seam will allow water or smoke to pass through.

To ensure that the compactor has good adhesion to the base, I strongly advise you to prepare it.

First, clean the surface down to the very base: remove dirt, dust, salts and oxides.
Next, wash it with water and thoroughly degrease.
Silicone-based sealants must not be used on wet surfaces. Therefore, wait until the base is completely dry before sealing.
The silicone seal holds well on smooth surface. However, to improve the adhesion, I recommend that you sandblast it, emery cloth or other abrasive. Then wash the base again, wipe with solvent and dry. Next you can work with the sealant.

All silicone-based oven materials are painted red or brownish-reddish.

Heat-resistant analogues

The universal heat-resistant seal is made on the basis of silicates. The operating temperature regime that it can withstand is up to +1300º, and can withstand short-term exposure up to +1500º. This type of furnace sealant can be used in areas of direct contact with an open flame. In this case, the packaging of the seal should be marked: “fireproof”.

Heat-resistant seals are used:

for repairing leaks in heating boilers;
for sealing chimney pipes and sealing cracks in them;
for sealing areas where brickwork is adjacent to furnace casting;
for sealing fireclay lining of furnaces;
When installing a chimney made of sandwiches, it is also highly advisable to coat their modular joints with a similar product.

The exception is pyrolysis and condensation boilers; at their outlet the smoke temperature is up to +150º. Here you can use heat-resistant seals.

When you plan to make the chimney duct or other element collapsible, apply sealant only to the joints. By loosening the two sections and crumbling the seal, you can separate them.
If you apply a layer of the product over the entire surface, the structure will become monolithic. You won't be able to take it apart without damaging it.

Silicate-based materials have good adhesion to stone, brick, concrete, metal, cement mortar. However, I warn you that they are not firmly held on a smooth plane, as a result of which such surfaces require abrasive treatment before applying sealant.

I would also like to note one point - the sealant can be applied only in the positive temperature range: +5/+40º. The best option- temperature not less than +20º, in this case the composition dries faster.

Having hardened, the heat-resistant composition creates a strong and rigid, i.e. not elastic seam. Based on this, silicate sealants can be used in areas that are not exposed to vibration or are subject to it to a small extent. Otherwise, the material will crack.

However, plasticity has its advantage - it makes it possible to paint the sealant. The silicone composition is distributed using a mounting gun and is no more than one centimeter thick.

Please contact me Special attention that some types of heat-resistant seals, if they come into contact with the skin, can cause chemical burns. Based on this, when working with your hands, wear rubber gloves and be careful.

Fire-resistant and heat-resistant oven sealants are painted black or gray. They have no other colors.

They are not pure sealants, but rather a sealing adhesive.
These products are transparent and can withstand temperatures up to +200º.
Such compositions are chemically neutral, i.e. they do not react with salts and acids. The drying period is not affected by humidity and temperature. Thanks to this, they can be used outdoors and during the winter season.
Sealing adhesives are waterproof. Therefore, they can be used in rooms with high level humidity - in the shower, bath, bathhouse, etc.
The relative disadvantage of such compositions is that they are not high-temperature.

Of these sealants, I can recommend you the “Fix All” brand sealing adhesive from the Soudal company. It is not directly related to heat-resistant analogues, but is perfect for repairing leaks, cracks in heating networks, as well as hot water supply, both in the pipes themselves and in the fittings.

Popular product brands

Almost always, manufacturing companies write on the packaging of heat-resistant seals their main purpose. For example: “sealant for chimneys, fireplaces and stoves.” So, you can't go wrong with your choice.

"Soudal-C". The Belgian company Saudal produces a diverse range of sealing materials. These include heat-resistant analogues, as well as heat-resistant stove and fireplace seals “Soudal-Calofer”. Such compositions are painted black.

The Penosil company produces heat-resistant sealant for Penosil/+1500 ovens. It is black in color and can withstand temperatures up to +1500º. It polymerizes within 15 minutes.
The company also has heat-resistant red analogues that can withstand temperatures up to +300º. They are acidic, so they cannot be used on concrete, cement and metal.
In the middle price segment you can also find seals that have good quality. For example, heat-resistant sealants of the Tytan and Bau-Master brands.

Under the Titan brand, a group of companies from Poland Selena-Group produces construction and Decoration Materials professional grade, including oven sealants. They are standardized and have DIN and ISO No. 9001 certificates.

The Tytan high-temperature seal is modified with fiberglass; it gives the material a high degree of gas and smoke resistance. It is able to withstand temperatures up to +1250º. This composition is suitable for chimney pipes and stoves.

Conclusion

Without pipe sealants it is impossible efficient operation many utility networks. Depending on the type of network, different types of seals should be used.

If you watch the video in this article, you will find out Additional information. Ask your questions in the comments.

So I say goodbye, and good luck to you in your endeavors!

July 25, 2016

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