How to treat the foundation for waterproofing. Treating the foundation to protect it from groundwater and melt water

Waterproofing is one of the most critical stages in the construction of a building. Correctly executed insulation work guarantee protection of the foundation of the house from moisture and other factors environment. It is no secret that when concrete is poured, the mixture leaks. The substance reacts to groundwater, which leads to a weakening of the foundation, moisture entering the walls of the house and the formation of cracks in them. The choice of materials that can be used to treat the foundation is quite wide today.

Rules for waterproofing

Each process that accompanies construction has its own characteristics. If you neglect them, you can ruin the whole plan and get unpleasant consequences. Let's sort it out important points, requiring increased attention when performing actions aimed at protecting the base of your home from moisture.

To understand what type of insulation is suitable for your home, you need to establish the groundwater level.
If you are creating your foundation on loose soils, then you should prevent possible flooding or flooding due to heavy rainfall.
Pay attention to the fact that the soil tends to swell. This phenomenon occurs due to constant changes in weather conditions and the ability of water to expand or contract during the processes of freezing in winter and thawing in spring. Thus, the structure of the water changes, which causes deformation of the foundation.
Consider the conditions under which the building will be used. If you are building a facility for commercial purposes, for example, warehouses, then you need to choose the best level of waterproofing.

Waterproofing the foundation of a wooden house

So, what difficulties can you encounter when building your own home? If your choice fell on the construction wooden house, then experts recommend using horizontal waterproofing to protect against moisture even when carrying out preparatory work. The drainage system is directly related to horizontal waterproofing and is necessarily used where there is a high groundwater level.

If we talk about the specifics of the preparation, it is carried out in stages: First of all, a pit is dug under the house, clay is poured onto its bottom (a layer of about 20-30 centimeters), this layer is carefully compacted. A layer of concrete substance – screed (about 5-7 centimeters) is laid on top of the clay. The concrete hardens after ten days, after which you can begin treating the foundation with bitumen mastic and laying the first layer of roofing felt.

Further, in the process of creating a wooden house, the algorithm will be repeated: a layer of roofing material on the treated surface of the foundation with bitumen mastic. It is important not to forget (especially in houses where there is a basement) to protect the top layer of the base of a wooden house, because a wooden object will put pressure on it.

Horizontal waterproofing

Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is necessary to prevent moisture from entering. The foundation is made of porous materials, so it absorbs water. If the wet surface is frozen, there is a risk of cracking. A damp foundation promotes the growth of fungi and mold. If you properly insulate from moisture horizontally, you can prevent the negative consequences of moisture penetration.

Types of waterproofing:

rolled, produced before the construction of walls by gluing or floating on a prepared surface;
impregnation, done during the construction of a building or its direct operation.

Pasted waterproofing

To perform adhesive waterproofing, you need a device that levels the screeds. It is made from a mixture of sand, concrete and special filler. The insulation material is rolled, based on polymers or bitumen.

How to make adhesive waterproofing:

the surface is leveled with a screed to which additives are added to increase moisture resistance;
A primer from a primer based on bitumen or water is applied to the screed. After the primer has dried, mastic is applied;
if a roll material is selected, then it is laid on the mastic before it dries. When the material has an adhesive layer, it is better to lay it after the mastic has dried. Floated insulation requires a propane torch to heat the material and roll it over the surface;
materials are applied in several layers;
for a room with a basement, waterproofing is applied under the base of the foundation - at the place where the base ends. If the building does not have a basement, waterproofing the foundation from the walls is sufficient.

Penetrating horizontal foundation waterproofing

Coating penetrating moisture insulation is made from a solution of cement and chemical activators. The solution crystallizes when interacting with the concrete surface and forms a moisture-proof layer.

How to make coating waterproofing:

the foundation is cleaned and contaminants are removed;
the cement solution is mixed with water, chemical activators and filler;
the concrete surface is moistened;
cement solution is applied;
Leave the surface for 2-3 days until the solution dries completely.

Injection waterproofing of the foundation

Injection waterproofing is the saturation of the foundation with a gel solution through special holes. The solution penetrates to a depth of 0.5 meters; upon contact with water, it swells and closes the holes so that moisture does not penetrate into the foundation.

How to make injection waterproofing:

from the inside the surface is cleaned of dirt;
The number of holes and their placement are calculated. The location is chosen such that it is possible to pour a continuous layer of mortar under the foundation;
holes are drilled at an angle, then special nozzles are inserted for pouring the solution;
polymer gel is pumped into the holes using low-pressure pumps;
remove the nozzles and seal the holes with cement.

Horizontal waterproofing of all types is highly effective, but for maximum protection, vertical insulation from moisture should also be done.

Vertical waterproofing

Vertical waterproofing is a method of combating high humidity, in which the walls of the building’s base and basement are strengthened. It is possible both at the construction stage of the facility and during preparation for construction.

Vertical waterproofing is done with outside base of the building and is applied to the level of the sidewalk or blind area. At the same time, there are several types of vertical waterproofing.

Bitumen waterproofing

The use of bitumen waterproofing is considered the simplest and in an accessible way. The bottom line is that contractors treat the foundation with bitumen mastic, as a result of which the substance penetrates into all the cracks and gaps, filling them. This feature of bitumen mastic helps protect against moisture, and, therefore, ensures the strength of the base of a wooden house.

If you bought a bitumen block, you should melt it to a liquid consistency in some container, after which you need to apply the mixture in several layers (from two to four). It is important to remember that the surface must be treated with melted bitumen mastic at one time, because repeated heating of the substance will lead to the loss of beneficial properties.

ease of use;
availability of building material;
low cost.

not a very high level of waterproofing;
relatively short service life of mastic - up to 15 years.

Roll waterproofing

Roll waterproofing of a wooden house using roofing felt is the application of a layer of one of its types: techno- or isoelast. This method can exist either independently or as a supplement to the previous type of insulation. The process of installing protection is very similar to laying a roof. You need to take a special burner, heat the roofing material and overlap it on the base, which has already been treated with a bitumen mixture. The joints of the roofing felt are also heated and fixed.

long service life - up to 50 years;
acceptable price.

The downside is that the process is quite difficult to complete on your own.

Waterproofing with plaster

Waterproofing with plaster involves creating a homogeneous mixture to strengthen a wooden house from the plaster itself with the addition of components that are resistant to any level of moisture. The base is impregnated by applying the substance with a spatula to the foundation walls. This composition not only protects against the ingress of groundwater, but also levels the very foundation of the object.

low cost of materials;
ease of application of waterproofing.

short service life - up to 15 years;
the possibility of cracks forming over time;
insufficient level of protection against moisture.

Liquid rubber

If you decide to use, then the base will be reliably protected, because it sprays perfectly and serves your family for a long time. Before applying the substance, the foundation and base should be treated with a special primer.

There are two types of liquid rubber - elastomix and elastopaz. The first type is applied in one layer and hardens within a few hours. After opening the container with the mixture, the substance will no longer be stored for a long time; it must be completely used before setting. As for the second type, the mixture can be applied in two dense layers, and the remainder will be stored in the container for some time.

Protecting the foundation is a very important stage when building a house, since the further operation of the building will depend on how it is done. If everything is done correctly, the house will last for many years.

Trust me, these are just some tips on how to protect the basement and foundation of your home. Experts will help you determine, already during the initial preparation, what type of moisture insulation is best for the basement of your home.

The foundation is a reliable and durable basis for any structure. Concrete, being its main component, can simultaneously be a durable, strong and fragile material. It is water and humidity that affect the basic indicators of concrete.

Quite a lot important role In this case, the use of mastic plays a role so that the foundation of the house is truly a reliable, solid foundation. Treating the foundation with bitumen mastic waterproofs the concrete, thereby extending its service life, maintaining all specifications.

The advantages of using this material make it an indispensable product when waterproofing the base of a building.

The advantages of its use include:

High adhesion rate to any type of surface;
Possibility of creating an elastic and seamless layer;
Affordable price;
Ability to perform work in any weather;
Uniformity and stability of the composition;
Increased resistance to the influence of various environmental conditions;
Possesses antiseptic qualities.

The advantages of treating the foundation with bitumen mastic also include its practicality, reliability, environmental friendliness, frost resistance, heat resistance, durability of the coating (up to 30 years), and ease of application to any surface.

Results of use

The use of this technology for waterproofing the base guarantees a positive result.

Namely:

Reliable protection from the influence of moisture of the entire structure of the building;
Prevention of corrosion;
Extending the service life of all building elements;
Maintaining the functionality of building elements.

This type of hydro insulating material is one of the oldest but most reliable methods of protection. These indicators confirm the need to treat any base with mastic.

Types of mastics

Mastic is a homogeneous organic mass, containing modifiers, solvent, bitumen (a by-product of oil distillation), and antiseptic. Depending on the method of preparation, two types are used for the base: cold and hot.

Hot - prepared directly on the construction site two hours before use. When preparing it, you must observe personal safety precautions. Most often, this type is used in the construction of large objects, since its cost is much lower than cold.

Cold appearance - does not require use during cooking high temperature. It is commercially available ready-made, so it is much easier to use and safer than hot. The only drawback is the high price.

Preparation for processing

When carrying out waterproofing work, you need to prepare special tools.

Namely:

Bulgarian;
Construction hair dryer;
Cement mortar;
Primer;
Putty knife;
Roller or brush.

You can start coating only on a properly prepared base surface. It is necessary to carefully inspect its surface, and if bubbles, cracks or chips are detected, they must be rubbed with a fine-grained cement solution.

If such work has not been carried out, the applied layer of material will burst after some time. As a result, the quality of waterproofing will deteriorate sharply, and the work will have to be done again. The presence of “ridges” with sharp protrusions on the base is also unacceptable. They must be removed with a grinder.

The corners of the base are being processed. They are slightly cut off or rounded. Transitions to the vertical surface are arranged with “dumbbells” to make the connection of elements smoother.

Don't forget to remove debris and dirt. Then it is necessary to reduce the humidity of the treated surface. For this purpose it is used construction hair dryer. If the surface is not dried well enough, the applied mastic may swell or peel off completely.

Important! To be completely sure that the base is sufficiently dry, you can conduct a small test. Cover part of the base with film for a day. If at the end of this time condensation does not form on it, then the foundation is well dried. You can start processing it.

Primer treatment

To reduce the consumption of mastic and improve the quality of its connection to the surface, it is necessary to prime the entire base. Priming with a primer is carried out taking into account the type of mastic chosen.

The primer is applied with a roller (brush) over the entire surface of the base. When coating the foundation with it, it will be possible to apply only 1 layer. After completing application, leave the primer to dry for several hours.

Application of its second layer is possible only at the points of connection to the base of the building structure.

Mastic application process

Treatment of the foundation with bitumen mastic begins from the surface where the water pressure is greatest (on its outer side). After opening the can, the material is thoroughly mixed. To apply it, depending on the consistency, use a spatula, roller, or brush.

When applying it, it is important to remember that the layers must be of the same thickness, be continuous, have no breaks, and the coating itself is carried out from top to bottom. The next application must be carried out after the previous one has dried.

The coating thickness is on average from 2mm to 4mm. This value is affected by the depth of the foundation. If it is located at a depth of up to 2 meters, then the layer of applied material is 2 mm. If the depth of occurrence exceeds this value, then the thickness of the coating increases to 4 mm.

It is easy to determine the readiness of the surface for applying the next layer of coating. It is enough to touch the first layer. If there is no sticking to your fingers, then you can safely apply the next layer. To extend the life of the mastic, after completing the application of the last layer, soft soil is poured onto it.

Useful video:

If the technology of waterproofing with bitumen mastic is followed and its type is correctly selected, the process of treating the base of the building can be done independently with high quality.

Despite the fact that modern concretes are highly durable, they remain susceptible to various types corrosion. In most cases, this is exposure to aggressive chemical environments and groundwater contaminated with acids and alkalis.

Also, do not forget about acid rain, which often falls in industrial areas. It is also slowly degraded by exposure to sulfates and phosphates, chlorides and other strong electrolytes.

If the foundation is built above the freezing zone, then it is also subject to strong pressure from frozen soil, an uneven displacement of the layers occurs and the sole is deformed.

Types of concrete corrosion

First view. Destruction of concrete occurs due to exposure to various aggressive media contained in groundwater. Due to corrosion of the upper surface of the foundation, slow dissolution of the cement mortar occurs. Also, groundwater may contain bicarbonate, which is soluble in water, but is highly alkaline and has a negative effect on concrete sand. If the influence of groundwater occurs in winter near the border of the freezing zone, then there is practically no chance of saving the foundation.
Another type of corrosion occurs chemical reactions metabolism, in which the filling of the foundation slowly dissolves, as well as the destruction of the reinforcing layer. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to add machine oil or various saturated fats to them when pouring concrete using concrete mixers.
The most dangerous is the third type of corrosion. It occurs in the process of replacing concrete salts with metabolic products, for example, sea water. In such cases, mechanical expansion of concrete pores occurs, destruction of the load-bearing layers and filling with hydrates. In most cases, this is a classic stage of destruction due to sulfates and carbonates, and the rate of concrete corrosion depends on its porosity, grade and permeability.

If we take into account all possible types of concrete deformation, then it immediately becomes clear that the key medium due to which the destruction of the foundation occurs is groundwater and rainwater.

Therefore, the main way to protect concrete from exposure to aggressive environments is high-quality waterproofing.

It is also necessary to initially build a foundation with a sole below the boundary freezing zone.

Protection of foundations from the effects of aggressive groundwater

As a rule, the impact on the foundation is not so much superficial as it is complex.

After all, there are also internal moments that also lead to the destruction of supporting structures. This is, for example, natural rusting of metal fittings.

If water is allowed to penetrate into the reinforcement layer, then it is no longer possible to stop the process of internal destruction. The resulting iron oxide reacts with the components of concrete, replaces them and forms huge open spaces.

Methods for neutralizing corrosion of metal reinforcement layer

When constructing the base, all reinforcing bars are completely filled with concrete, and any possible contact with the environment is eliminated;
Adhere to the rules for laying reinforcement, because it must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 cm from the surface;
When pouring concrete mortar, eliminate air pockets and use only fine gravel;
If the reinforcement is also installed in the soil freezing zone, then special compounds and minerals are added to the concrete, which block the process of metal corrosion. They also coat the metal itself with a thick layer of oxide and create an additional barrier of protection.

It is also recommended to carefully familiarize yourself with the composition of cement, especially its quantitative components. As a rule, it is prohibited to allow the concentration of calcium chloride to exceed 2% of the total mass of cement.

Although it is an important mineral component, it reacts with carbon dioxide, forming chalk. And over time, under the influence of even weak acids, it dissolves. Accordingly, destruction of the reinforcement is inevitable, because liquid calcium chloride is very active.

If the concentration of calcium chloride is allowed to exceed, then only highly specialized specialists can stop the destruction of the foundation, and the financial costs will be enormous.

Secondary protection of the foundation from corrosive factors

Such protection involves applying special protective paints or varnishes to the outer surface of the base.

As a rule, impregnation is done here to the maximum possible depth, but there are many factors that influence stopping the process of concrete deformation. First of all, this:

Anti-corrosion coating does not always guarantee stopping the process;
Without the presence of special inhibitors in concrete outer covering will not always be effective enough;
The time factor plays an important role, because internal corrosion of metal cannot be stopped by coatings;
The effectiveness of impregnation depends on the composition and consistency, so it is recommended to use a liquid mixture for maximum deep penetration into the material. On the other hand, the consumption of liquid mixtures is huge, and viscous compounds are easy to apply, but penetration is minimal.

Features of protecting the base of the foundation from corrosion in the freezing zone

Considering that in the freezing zone the bud is especially susceptible to harmful effects, then you need to choose the right protective substances and compositions.

First of all, here you need to do external impregnation with frost-resistant anti-corrosion compounds. They are produced on the basis minerals and epoxy resins.

The depth of concrete impregnation at the freezing depth must be at least 10 cm, and the reinforcement must be located at a distance of at least 5 cm from the outer surface of the foundation.

They also practice coating reinforcing bars with polymer resins, and mineral ingredients are added to the concrete that can withstand the effects of low-temperature groundwater.

Principles of protection

As a rule, the most severe destruction of concrete occurs through the influence of three key factors at once: moisture, electrolytes and frost. Therefore, concrete in the soil freezing zone is subject to severe destruction; on such horizons it is necessary to use frost-resistant and moisture-resistant concrete mixtures.

Additional anti-corrosion treatment of the sole is also carried out, subject to its availability. Columnar structures are not treated with anti-corrosion compounds; here the problem can only be solved by choosing the right concrete and having a high-quality waterproofing layer.

Thus, concrete in this zone is protected by two methods at once: internal structural changes in the characteristics of concrete and external treatment. Only a combination of these methods can save the foundation from destruction.

In specialized construction stores you can always buy organic and mineral additives that increase the strength and durability of concrete before exposure to aggressive environments.

It is recommended to carry out secondary treatment with expensive hydrophobic compounds, as well as polymer liquid mixtures. The main purpose of such protection is to fill the air formations and pores of concrete with compounds that are resistant to external aggressive environments.

Also, in the process of applying the compositions, a durable protective film is formed on the concrete surface itself. The coating is used at the stage of laying the foundation or during its repair.

What is internal foundation protection

It is done at the stage of laying the future foundation. As a rule, the essence of protection is the right choice concrete mixture, as well as increasing its characteristics by adding special ingredients.

Chemical modulators are now popular, and it is recommended to purchase and use them carefully. For example, lignosulfonate is used to protect concrete from groundwater with high sulfate content.

Also, the destruction of the cement base can be stopped with the help of amorphous silica. This is ordinary modified sand, produced chemical methods and is characterized by high hygroscopicity.

Silica in concrete replaces calcium oxide and forms silicates that are resistant to acids and alkalis. And the use of electrolytic additives accelerates the hardening process of concrete and its gaining of grade strength, and neutralizes oxides.

The most popular and cheapest are soda ash, potash and alkali metal bicarbonates.

In the construction of foundations, where it is necessary to obtain high structural strength below the soil freezing depth, chemical additives with a plasticizing effect are actively used.

Mylonaft improves waterproofing properties and frost resistance, and sulfite-yeast mash promotes rapid hardening. Organosilicon solution GKZh-94 increases frost resistance three times at once.

External treatment of foundations with anti-corrosion compounds

They are actively used here following materials and compositions:

Aerosol thin coatings with varnish or paint.
Mastic coatings.
Pasting films.
Polymer cladding.
Liquid impregnation.
Hydrophobization method.
Use of biocidal compounds.

Paint and varnish coatings protect against exposure to liquid and gaseous media. Such a film only protects concrete from external factors, it also serves as a barrier to microorganisms and rodents, and also neutralizes the effects of moisture.

Mastics based on epoxy resins and bitumen are now very popular. The compositions are applied with a brush or spray, the drying time depends on the composition and ambient temperature, the depth of penetration into the concrete depends on its structure and can be up to 10 cm or more.

Pasting films are recommended for use in soils with a high groundwater content, as well as near industrial enterprises with high volumes of aggressive Wastewater. For example, columnar foundations immersed in water are additionally covered with polyisobutylene films and plates.

Also highly effective are polyethylene film and rolled petroleum bitumen (roofing felt).

How to increase the waterproofing performance of a foundation

Any existing methods protecting concrete from corrosive destruction will not be effective if the surface waterproofing is poor. Therefore, you must first increase the waterproofing characteristics of the foundation, and for this purpose special water repellents are used:

Powders: bentonite, polymer emulsion.
Salts: metal stearates and oleates.
Plasticizers - resins.
Hardening activators - chlorides

Thus, protecting the concrete foundation is especially important in terms of ensuring the reliability and safety of the entire structure as a whole. Waterproofing is applied in a thick layer at a height of at least 15 cm from the sole and rises to the top edge of the ground.

Roofing felt, pine mastic and slaked lime. The entire finished coating is additionally impregnated with antiseptics.

The foundation is the part of the structure of any structure that experiences the maximum load. The durability of the building primarily depends on its reliability. If it begins to collapse, this will inevitably lead to deformation of all other elements.

Therefore, increased requirements are placed on foundation waterproofing. This is especially true for private houses, since almost every owner actively uses the ground floor (basement). It is necessary to take into account that this kind of work is carried out comprehensively, and protection from moisture is arranged “universally”. After all, it affects the foundation in different ways, and often simultaneously. In the form of groundwater, precipitation, during snow melting, and river floods.

In some sources you can find opinions that in some cases the waterproofing of the foundation can be neglected. Such statements are “short-sighted.” Any house is built to last for decades. Where is the guarantee that after some time, for example, some kind of significant construction? But this is - soil movements, which will inevitably affect the location of underground water layers.

Even the construction of a highway with its inevitable asphalting has such an impact. There are many others possible reasons changes in the configuration and water level in the ground. It is also necessary to take into account that throughout the year the depth of its occurrence is constantly changing. And many experts are already openly talking about irreversible climate changes on the planet. It is clear that waterproofing the foundation again for an already built and inhabited house (and this inevitably entails partial “destruction” of the adjacent territory) is an extremely complex and expensive issue. Yes, and it will take a lot of time.

Things to consider

At what depth are the subsoil layers located? This must be determined if the house design includes a basement.
Subsurface fluid pressure. According to this criterion, the layers are divided into 4 types. Moreover, in the same place you can simultaneously encounter, for example, both “suspended” waters and “pressure” ones. That is why experts advise not to do “like everyone else” when building a house, but to conduct a geodetic survey of a specific site.
Foundation waterproofing largely depends on soil characteristics, on which the structure is being erected. After all, there are soils that are both permeable (for example, sandstone) and not. In the latter case, the liquid looks for “easier” paths and often moves towards the foundation. Therefore, the waterproofing layer must be more “powerful”. Accordingly, the choice of materials is made taking into account these specifics. In addition, any liquid may contain aggressive components.
Foundation type. Each has its own characteristics, both in the nature of the work and in the materials. It is clear that if the foundation is piled, then the use of rolled “insulators” is excluded. At the same time, they are perfect for the tape type.
Regardless of the construction conditions, foundation waterproofing is done both from the outside and from the inside. Moreover, both layers are basic, and it is unacceptable to equip only one.

It should be noted that the components of comprehensive foundation waterproofing include measures such as removal of excess water (drainage) and the installation of a reliable blind area, which serves to protect the foundation of the house from water in the form of precipitation (rain, snow). And, of course, the optimal choice of the type of insulating materials used, as already mentioned.

In individual construction, the strip type of building foundation is most often used. However for marshy soil he doesn't fit. Such soil is unstable because it is saturated with moisture and its structure is heterogeneous. Underground water layers come quite close to the surface, and produce necessary calculations loads is extremely difficult. Construction under such conditions is considered risky. But sometimes there is simply no choice.

It is worth noting right away that waterproofing a foundation in marshy areas is expensive. The method of protecting the foundation depends on what type of foundation is chosen for the construction of the house. In practice, shallow, pile (bored) or slab foundations. But regardless of this, it is imperative that drainage system.

Its purpose is to drain water in the ground away from the building. Without this natural drainage of the area any other measures to protect against moisture cannot be considered effective. Experts recommend installing the foundation only after drainage has been organized. It is necessary to understand that waterproofing the foundation in swampy areas has a number of features. And first of all, this concerns the issue of laying the foundation.

Processing shallow-depth is not much different from the method of finishing strip. However, to protect the insulating layer, it is necessary to install a protective covering (wall).

For a slab pit, the pit is made shallow. Its bottom should be compacted as tightly as possible. If possible, it is advisable to use construction equipment (skating rink). The goal is to minimize subsequent soil shrinkage. Coarse sand and gravel are used as backfill. If possible, clay should also be laid. This layer is filled with concrete mortar.

The resulting “pillow” will become natural barrier in the path of liquids, an integral part of foundation waterproofing in marshy areas. Considering difficult conditions, it is advisable to use waterproof reinforced concrete slabs under the foundation of the house. Treatment can also be carried out at the construction site. To do this, they are impregnated with special water-repellent compounds. Additionally, all sides are treated with mastic, on a layer of which roll material (roofing felt, roofing felt, film) is applied.

In particular difficult cases The foundation is being made for a drilled foundation. Its construction involves the installation of concrete supports in prepared wells. For this, formwork is made. It is at this stage that all activities are carried out. In this case, waterproofing the foundation in swampy areas involves special treatment of asbestos-cement (or other waterproof) pipes that serve as formwork. Methods such as impregnation and surface treatment with mastics are suitable.

Such insulation is not afraid of mechanical loads, since the “shape” of the formwork is maintained concrete pouring and used reinforcement bars. In addition, sealing the lower parts of the pipes is recommended. However, it is possible to increase the effectiveness of foundation waterproofing in swampy areas by carrying out a number of additional measures.

Firstly, the correct choice of concrete mortar composition (grade of cement + chemical additives to increase moisture resistance). However, this issue requires a professional approach.

Secondly, additional treatment of the well bottom. Backfilling is done with sand, clay, gravel.

We should not forget that an integral part of such work is the installation of horizontal waterproofing. Regardless of the type of foundation.

Do-it-yourself waterproofing of a strip foundation

This type of “base” of a structure is most often used in individual construction, since it is easy to install independently. Secondly, such a foundation presupposes the presence of a basement in the house, which is important for a private developer. Thirdly, it is able to withstand a fairly large load and can be used on any type of soil.

The fact that any structure needs protection from moisture is clear to everyone. Especially its lower part, which is in direct contact with the soil. can be produced in any way, using various materials. Choice optimal option is largely determined by the material capabilities of the owner. Let's consider the most economical one.

The presence of a basement places increased demands on the quality of events. When determining a particular type of work, one should focus on the climatic conditions in the region (precipitation intensity), soil characteristics and the depth of underground aquifers.

Waterproofing a strip foundation is a set of measures. It includes work such as protecting its sole, the outer part, as well as the floor and walls of the basement from the inside. You need to start building a house with the proper arrangement of the foundation pit. It is advisable to lay out its bottom with a layer of clay and compact and level it thoroughly. It will create a kind of barrier to the path of liquids coming from the ground. Rolled material (roofing felt, film) should be placed under the base of the foundation.

The outside walls should be more securely protected. After all, they are influenced groundwater pressure, seasonal soil displacements. Consequently, mechanical damage to the waterproofing of the strip foundation is likely. Therefore, it is made in several layers. First, mastic (bitumen) is coated, after which roll material (roofing felt, film) is glued. Installation is carried out so that there are no breaks or gaps in the protective layer (overlapping).

This layer also needs to be protected. Indeed, in addition to the reasons already indicated, it can be damaged by construction waste and stones at the time of filling the trench. Protection can be provided in different ways: construction brick wall, styling thermal insulation material . To waterproof a strip foundation, you can also use the plastering method. This coating does not require additional protection.

When processing internal surfaces, the same methods are used. The choice of materials depends on the further design of the basement. We should not forget about the places where various utilities (pipes, cables) enter the building. The inlet channels are carefully sealed, for which it is convenient to use mastics and liquid glass.

Ideally, the protective layer is continuous. Essentially, it is a “bag” that protects the house from water penetration.

Waterproofing of strip foundations must be accompanied by additional measures to forced drainage of the site developments. For this purpose, a drainage system is installed to remove moisture from the base of the building. It consists of specially equipped channels that are installed around the entire perimeter of the building. In addition, it is necessary to correctly arrange a spillway. In some cases, it is advisable to use it to drain the area. drainage wells.

And we should not forget about the importance of the blind area. Properly and efficiently constructed, it will significantly reduce the influence of water on the underground part of the structure.

Operating principle of penetrating waterproofing

The best way to ensure reliable protection of the concrete foundation of a house from the destructive effects of moisture is penetrating waterproofing of the foundation. In order to correctly assess the scope of work, it is necessary to first analyze the level and volume of groundwater, the degree of its impact on the underground structures of the building. In addition, the amount of work on waterproofing is influenced by the presence or absence of basements in the house. If the house does not have a basement, horizontal waterproofing of the foundation will help protect against moisture; if there is a basement, the best option There will be a combination of vertical and horizontal protection and a drainage system.

Before you start working, you need to mix the dry ingredients with water and stir well. The resulting solution should be used to treat the concrete surfaces of the base. Once in the pores of concrete, the active substances contained in the penetrating waterproofing of the foundation react, forming water-insoluble crystals. The crystals gradually displace water from the concrete and reliably clog capillaries, pores and microcracks. Crystal growth occurs simultaneously in all directions - both towards the water flow and in the opposite direction. As a result of treatment with penetrating compounds, the concrete surface acquires a more compacted structure and becomes impermeable to moisture. As soon as the humidity level decreases, crystal growth slows down; when water is exposed to the surface, growth resumes.

Penetrating waterproofing of the foundation ensures the advancement of chemically active components into the thickness of concrete by tens of centimeters. When filling microcracks and capillaries with a diameter of up to 0.4 mm, the water resistance of the concrete base increases by 2-4 steps. As a result, the penetrating waterproofing of the foundation becomes an integral part of the foundation, forming waterproof concrete.

Application technology

Before starting to treat the foundation with penetrating compounds, the surface should be cleaned of dust, dirt, debris, oil stains, etc. You can open the capillaries on a polished concrete surface by treating it with a sandblasting tool and rinsing with a solution of hydrochloric acid in a ratio of 1:10. If you find traces of mold on the surface of the base of the house, thoroughly clean it and treat it with an antiseptic composition. In places where materials meet, grooves are punched, the depth of which should be 2.5 cm. If there are cracks on the surface, they should be widened by 25 mm in depth and 20 mm in width. Where communications pass through, the junction points should be sealed.

The next important step is moistening the concrete. The growth of crystals will depend on how well the surface is moistened.

Penetrating type foundation waterproofing is carried out using a spatula, spray gun or brush.

Advantages of using waterproof penetrating compounds:

the ability to process both underground and above-ground parts of the building;
ease of use,
possibility of processing freshly poured and old concrete,
the penetrating composition forms a single whole with the foundation, therefore it is not afraid of mechanical damage and does not peel off,
Possibility of use for processing external and internal walls,
working with wet foundations,
surface treatment regardless of the direction of groundwater pressure.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing is not used on foundations made of foam and aerated concrete due to the significant pore size.

Coating protection for foundations

The cost of constructing a foundation is on average 15% of the total cost of the structure, and coating the foundation waterproofing is only 1-2%. However, poor quality waterproofing or its complete absence may lead to the investment of much larger sums in the future.

Despite the fact that thanks to the excellent bearing capacity and affordability, the popularity of block foundations is growing; from the point of view of waterproofing, a monolithic foundation is more profitable. It does not require additional sealing of joining seams. Coating waterproofing of the foundation creates protective film, which prevents moisture from entering and destroying the thickness of the foundation.

Waterproofing the foundation of a house of the coating type can be single- or multi-layered and have a thickness of up to several centimeters. With its help, you can reliably protect the structure from the action of groundwater. If you apply the composition to the inner surface of the walls, it will also prevent the penetration of capillary moisture.

Materials for coating waterproofing

These can be either cement-based compositions or bituminous materials. The most popular are bitumen, bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mixtures.

Mastic for waterproofing the foundation should take into account factors such as:

budget for work to protect the building from moisture;
ambient temperature;
possible loads on the treated surfaces during operation;
place of implementation - coating waterproofing of the foundation is carried out on the external or internal planes of the foundation;
area of processed surface, etc.

Having decided on these points, you can choose the right material and even save money without sacrificing quality.

The most ancient and cost-effective method of waterproofing is the use of hot bitumen. In this case, a prerequisite is the use of heating equipment, with the help of which the mastic acquires a liquid consistency. You can work with hot bitumen even when negative temperatures.

It is also possible to use bitumen compositions based on organic solvents. Today this is one of the most common methods of foundation waterproofing. Depending on the budget of the event, you can choose either simple bitumen mastic or bitumen compositions containing polymer and latex additives. They give the waterproofing material elasticity, expand the temperature range of application, and increase adhesion. Bitumen waterproofing cold foundation can also be carried out at sub-zero air temperatures.

Mastics based on organic solvents are not recommended for use internal waterproofing walls of basements, cellars, as this may not be safe. In such cases, it is better to give preference to water-based formulations. The only disadvantage of using these materials is the reduction in temperature range. They cannot be used at temperatures below +5°C.

If large areas are to be waterproofed, optimal choice there will be liquid rubber (bitumen-latex emulsions).

Stages of waterproofing work with bitumen compounds:

surface preparation (cleaning from dust, corrosion, oil, salt and other stains; filling cracks with cement-sand mortar);
priming the foundation with more liquid waterproofing compounds;
applying coating waterproofing in 2-4 layers;
surface drying;
backfilling soil or carrying out decorative finishing.

Technology for applying cement-polymer coating waterproofing:

cleaning and moistening the foundation surface;
mixing the components of the waterproofing composition until homogeneous;
applying the mixture in several passes. The time interval between application of layers is 12 hours or more.
carrying out measures to protect waterproofing from precipitation over the next 24 hours.

Foundation waterproofing should be taken with full responsibility. Its durability and strength depend on how thoroughly the foundation of the house is protected from moisture.

What is horizontal waterproofing

If you refuse to waterproof the foundation, you risk facing the problem of dampness and mold in the house in the near future. Moreover, moisture will not only threaten the integrity and appearance decoration of premises, furniture, but can also cause destruction of the foundation. The result will be subsidence of the house, distortion of windows and door designs, the appearance of cracks in load-bearing walls.

Vertical and horizontal waterproofing of the foundation will help you prevent all these troubles.

Let's take a closer look at the second type. Such protection of the foundation of a building from moisture requires fewer measures, is easier to implement and is more affordable in economic terms than waterproofing a vertical foundation. When laying the foundation of a house, experts recommend using a combination of these two types. If the house does not have basements, only horizontal waterproofing of the foundation can be used.

However, if, when carrying out horizontal protection from moisture, gross violations, fixing them will be very expensive or even impossible.

The following can be used as waterproofing materials: roofing felt, hydrostekloizol, rubitex, glass elast, stekloizol, hydrostekloizol, profikorm and other self-adhesive and sprayed types of waterproofing.

Roll foundation waterproofing in the absence of a basement is carried out in several layers (2 or more) slightly above the blind area of the house along the foundation. When choosing an insulating material, give preference to one that is not susceptible to rotting. Modern rolled materials have increased resistance to ruptures, the risk of which arises when the base of the structure is deformed.

Coating horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is made using bitumen and rubbers. Bitumen-containing materials may also contain cement, which increases adhesion to the base, and plasticizing additives, which help increase the foundation’s resistance to cracking under dynamic and static loads. Polymer compositions make it possible to achieve high hydrophobic properties and durability of the material.

Impregnating horizontal foundation waterproofing has a penetrating effect and is capable of blocking capillary channels in concrete bases, forming threadlike crystals in them. The only drawback of using this type of waterproofing is its low ductility, which makes it possible for the waterproofing layer to be destroyed under significant vibrations.

The installation of installed waterproofing involves the use of mats made of bentonite clay. The mats consist of compacted clay and self-destructive layers of cardboard and geotextiles. This type a hydrobarrier will reliably protect the house from capillary and pressure moisture.

Correcting installation errors of horizontal waterproofing

In the case when the foundation was not insulated from moisture on time, there are 3 ways to carry it out “late”:

trimming walls with further laying of bitumen mass or roofing felt in the resulting holes;
raising the foundation and laying a bitumen layer or roofing felt;
thermal injection or crystal injection.

The first two options will require a significant investment of effort and time, but will be cheaper than injection. Crystal injection involves creating holes at the junction of the base and walls, into which a mixture of silicate activators, water and cement is subsequently poured. As a result of the reaction, a mineral mass is formed, which acts as a water barrier. Thermal injection involves pumping hot air into the hole, while the walls are heated to a temperature of 30-40°C.

The choice of the most suitable method of foundation waterproofing primarily depends on the size of the budget and the time frame for the operation.

Bituminous foundation waterproofing

Not only precipitation flows, but also groundwater have a negative impact on the foundation of a house. Effective protection The building can be provided with bitumen waterproofing of the foundation, as well as a comprehensive drainage system. Drainage allows excess water to be removed from the building, and a water barrier will prevent moisture from entering the building. load-bearing structure, basements, cellar If the groundwater in the area is high and the soil filtration coefficient is low, it is recommended to use a combination of the above measures.

Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation is one of the cheapest methods of coating protection. It is produced using mixtures that include organic and inorganic substances, high molecular weight carbon-containing components. Bituminous materials durable, elastic, have high waterproofing properties and affordable price. They are used for treating brickwork, concrete, plastered surfaces, etc. Bituminous foundation waterproofing can withstand temperature changes and the aggressive effects of groundwater. Bitumen mixtures are endowed with frost resistance and fire-resistant properties special additives – modifiers. Every year, coating waterproofing of foundations, blind areas, and roofs is becoming more and more popular. Moreover, when choosing materials, home owners increasingly prefer bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mastics. They are known for their durability, while completely devoid of the disadvantages of pure bitumen. Bitumen compounds are applied using a spatula, roller, trowel or sprayer.

Bitumen waterproofing - hot application technology:

At the preparatory stage it is carried out cleaning the foundation surface from dust and dirt using metal brush. Potholes and holes in the base are plastered and a layer of primer is applied. After 1-2 hours the mastic itself is applied. The composition should first be heated in a steam or water bath. During heating, the mastic should be stirred continuously. When applying the composition, carefully ensure that there are no unpainted areas left. After the first layer has dried, it is recommended to apply another layer. The thickness of each of them should be no more than 1 cm. Bitumen waterproofing of the foundation helps reliably protect underground parts of the building from the destructive effects of water.

Cold method of bitumen waterproofing

Cold mastics do not require preheating. Bitumen-polymer and bitumen-rubber mastics require careful preparation of the base. The foundation surface must be clean, dry and free of grease. If we are talking about liquid rubber, it is better to round and trim the edges of the foundation. Waterproofing the foundation of a house using bitumen-latex and bitumen-emulsion mastics is less demanding on the quality of foundation preparation. Bitumen-polymer mastics should be applied in two or more layers. Each subsequent layer of material should be applied only after the previous one has hardened. If you ignore this requirement, there will be a risk of insulation peeling, the adhesion of the mastic layer to the surface of the foundation will not be fully ensured. If the treated surface stopped sticking, we can assume that the waterproofing has dried completely.

For many years, bitumen waterproofing of the foundation has been one of the most common and affordable methods of protecting a structure from the penetration of capillary moisture. If your site has a hydrostatic head of up to 2 m, you can use bitumen mastics; if the pressure is 5 m or higher, give preference to bitumen-polymer compositions.

Rolled foundation waterproofing

Often houses are built on plots with high level location of groundwater. If this situation is familiar, and the groundwater level is at the level of the basement floor, roll foundation waterproofing will help you. With its help, you can reliably protect the structure from the destructive effects of moisture and prevent flooding of basements and cellars.

The advent of waterproof mastics formed the basis for the production of film and roll materials, the use of which greatly simplifies the process of insulating the foundation of a house from moisture and significantly reduces the time of the procedure.

Modern foundation waterproofing roll or as it is also called pasting and the use of soft sheet bitumen, polymer and polymer-bitumen materials helps prevent moisture from seeping into the room. The number of insulation layers is determined by the magnitude of the hydrostatic head and the requirements for dryness of the structure. As a rule, roll waterproofing of foundations is carried out in two layers and is placed on the hydrostatic pressure side.

If there is insignificant groundwater pressure in your area, expansion joints structures can be covered with waterproofing layers; if the gyrostatic pressure is large, use compensators, inert to action aquatic environment, in some cases you can apply metal sheets. In conditions where there is a highly aggressive water environment on the site, the foundation waterproofing device must use inert materials, and under the base of the house it is necessary to arrange crushed stone filling and fill it with hot bitumen solution.

Considering the fact that waterproofing the foundation with roll materials has increased requirements for strength and durability, material manufacturers modify waterproofing products using special additives of active polypropylene and styrene-butadiene-styrene. This helps to increase the resistance of materials to microorganisms, increase elasticity, strength and durability. Excellent examples of modern waterproofing materials are stekloizol, hydrostekloizol, hydroizol, stekloelast etc.

The most modern today is roll foundation waterproofing using polymers- films made of polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, thermoplastic membranes, membranes made of vulcanized rubber, films made of chlorinated polyethylene, self-adhesive polyethylene films. They all have high degree waterproofing, strength, durability. However, a low degree of vapor permeability can cause them to tear off from the base under the influence of steam. Therefore, when laying these materials, special primers are used or a ventilation layer is created. Anti-condensation and vapor-permeable propylene and polyethylene membranes, which are gaining popularity every year, are completely free of this drawback.

Waterproofing with cement

Work on waterproofing any structures is carried out without fail, regardless of what the structure is and what its purpose is. ABOUT negative impact moisture on any construction and Decoration Materials has been known for a long time. It should also be taken into account that aggressive chemicals are also present in dissolved form in water. The correct choice of insulating material and work technology plays a decisive role in ensuring high-quality protection against liquids.

As experts note, cement waterproofing is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is often mistaken for simple plastering of surfaces with specially prepared products. In fact, this is a more comprehensive concept. This name refers to any composition that contains cement and is used to treat surfaces to protect them from liquids. At the same time, depending on the purpose of the product, cement plays an appropriate role in it.

For the construction of cement waterproofing, compounds are used that are sold in the form of dry mixtures. There are two types of them. One group is a mixture of sand and cement, which contains a variety of additives. It is the percentage of all components that determines the specific characteristics of the composition. Such products are used on surfaces that have sufficient rigidity and strength.

You need to understand that when cement and sand harden a coating layer is formed, which does not differ in elasticity and tensile strength. The use of such materials has its limitations. For example, they are not recommended for areas where there is a high level of seismic hazard. After all, any movement of the soil during shocks will inevitably lead to cracking of the protective layer.

Another group of materials for cement waterproofing differs from those described above in that they contain additives polymers. These formulations are different best characteristics. Their main advantage is that they are elastic. Even if a crack appears on the surface treated with them, the insulation layer will remain continuous, thereby ensuring reliable sealing. Such compositions have increased resistance to low temperatures and aggressive environments.

In any area, under the surface of the earth there are, as a rule, several layers of water. They have different configurations and characteristics. In particular, pressure. Cement waterproofing in this sense it is universal. It can be used for both internal and external surface finishing. Possessing high vapor permeability, it is excellent for arranging a foundation, as it provides protection not only under pressure, but also “pull-off”.

It is most advisable to use this type of insulation for finishing elements of various structures located underground. For example, foundations, sewer septic tanks, tanks, swimming pools, pipeline sections, wells and much more. Such compositions are also used for furnishing premises. With excess humidity (for example, saunas and baths, baths and showers, laundries).

It remains to add that it is recommended to process an area of no more than 100 m2 manually. To finish larger surfaces, special “cement” guns are used. At the same time, it must be remembered that better quality This results in a layer laid on a damp surface.

As already indicated, mixtures are different. When choosing, be sure to read the instructions for use.

The foundation is the foundation of the house. The durability of the entire structure as a whole depends on its strength and safety. The foundation is affected by rain, groundwater and capillary water, as a result of which it subsides and deforms. Concrete has the property of absorbing moisture well, which, rising up through the capillaries, penetrates the walls and floor, providing ideal conditions for the formation of mold and other fungi. Also important is the problem associated with operation concrete foundations in a continental climate where water freezes and thaws annually. Water that penetrates into the pores of concrete, which freezes and thaws inside, leads to the destruction of the integrity of the foundation. To protect your structure from the destructive effects of water, timely waterproofing of the foundation is required. Waterproofing measures carried out during the construction phase will ensure the safety of the house. If you are still tormented by doubts about whether to do it or not, keep in mind that in the future, repairing the foundation will cost more than building the frame of a house, and there is no point in talking about the labor intensity and complexity of the work.

The main load-bearing element of the house requires extremely close attention at all stages of construction, from calculations and installation to work on water and thermal insulation. To say that waterproofing a foundation with your own hands is a simple matter is to be lying. The technology itself requires certain knowledge and understanding of the processes occurring in soil and concrete, as well as in certain waterproofing materials. Experience is also important, so before waterproofing the foundation, it doesn’t hurt to consult with a specialist and take into account his recommendations.

The first thing you need to do is decide on a set of waterproofing measures. To do this, a number of starting conditions should be taken into account:

Groundwater level;
The force of soil “swelling” in the post-frost period;
Soil heterogeneity;
Operating conditions of the building.

If the maximum groundwater level is more than 1 m below the base of the foundation, then it will be sufficient to carry out coating vertical waterproofing and horizontal waterproofing using roofing felt.

If the groundwater level is higher than 1 m from the base of the foundation, but does not reach the basement level or reaches it extremely rarely, then for high-quality waterproofing the set of measures will have to be expanded. Perform horizontal waterproofing in two layers with mastic between them. For vertical insulation, use and coating method, and pasted with roll materials. Depending on the budget planned for materials for waterproofing the foundation, you can additionally treat all concrete elements of the foundation and basement with penetrating waterproofing, which stops the movement of water through the capillaries.

If the groundwater level is higher than the base of the foundation and the level of the basement floor, or the area in which the house is built is famous for frequent and heavy rainfall, which seeps into the ground for a long time and difficultly, then in addition to the previous list of measures, it is necessary to equip a drainage system around the entire house.

For foundation waterproofing, the price will depend on the surface area that needs to be treated, the set of measures, the type and quantity of waterproofing materials. In the easiest case, you will only have to spend money on bitumen. And in the most complex case - simultaneously for materials for coating, roll, penetrating waterproofing and for work on arranging drainage or a pressure wall.

For strip and monolithic (solid) foundations, horizontal waterproofing is carried out in two places:

At or below 15 - 20 cm level of the basement floor;
In the base and at the junction of the foundation and the wall.

Important! Horizontal waterproofing can only be done during the construction phase of the house, so take care of it in a timely manner.

Before starting all work on arranging the foundation and basement, it is necessary to pour a 20-30 cm layer of fatty clay onto the bottom of the pit, and then compact it thoroughly. Concrete is poured on top with a layer of 5 - 7 cm. It is necessary in order to arrange waterproofing for the foundation. Before laying waterproofing, the concrete must dry and cure well for at least 10 to 15 days. Next, the concrete is carefully coated with bitumen mastic over the entire area, and the first layer of roofing material is laid on it. Then the surface is coated with mastic again and another layer of roofing felt is laid. A 5-7 cm layer of concrete is poured on top, which must be leveled and reinforced.

Important! Ironing also refers to measures that provide waterproofing. It is done using the following technology: after 2 - 3 hours, a layer of 1 - 2 cm of cement, sifted through a fine sieve, is poured on top of freshly poured concrete. Then it is leveled. After some time, the cement should become wet from the moisture contained in the concrete. Next, treat the surface in the same way as with a regular one. concrete screed- moisten with water from time to time until the concrete reaches strength and dries.

After completing the installation of the strip or pile foundation it also needs to be waterproofed to prevent moisture from rising up into the walls. To do this, the surface is opened with bitumen mastic, and roofing felt or other rolled material is laid on top. The procedure is performed twice to get two layers. The edges of the rolled material hanging from the foundation are not cut off, but are brought down and then pressed with vertical waterproofing.

Drainage system design

Depending on the groundwater level and soil structure, foundation waterproofing may require the presence of a drainage system that will collect and drain excess atmospheric and groundwater into a separate well. Basically, this need arises when groundwater is high and soil permeability is poor.

To install a drainage system, it is necessary to dig a trench around the perimeter of the object at a distance of at least 0.7 m from it. The depth depends on the level of the water surface. Width - 30 - 40 cm. Trenches should be located with a slight slope towards the collecting well or pit. We lay geotextiles at the bottom, wrapping the edges 80 - 90 cm over the sides of the trench. Fill up with gravel or crushed stone in a 5 cm layer along the entire length of the trench. Then we lay perforated drainage pipes with a slope of 0.5 cm for each linear meter. We fill the gravel with a layer of 20 - 30 cm, after washing it first so as not to clog the pipes. Then we wrap everything in the remaining edges of the geotextile. We bring the pipes into the collecting well. We fill it with soil.

The drainage system can be completed after the construction of the house is completed or even after some time during operation, if such a need is identified.

Vertical foundation waterproofing

To waterproof the vertical surface of the foundation, you can use various materials, combining them with each other. Of the options proposed below, you can use one or several at once, depending on the individual construction conditions.

The cheapest option to this day is the coating waterproofing of the foundation using bitumen resin. To do this, we purchase bitumen; most often it is sold in bars.

Pour 30% waste oil and 70% bitumen into a large container (pan, bucket, vat). The container needs to be heated, to do this we make a fire under it or put it on gas stove. When the bitumen warms up to the state of a liquid mixture, you can begin to apply it to the surface, which must first be leveled.

Using a roller or brush, apply bitumen to the surface of the foundation, trying to coat everything thoroughly. We begin to coat from the very bottom of the foundation and end 15 - 20 cm above the ground surface. Apply 2 - 3 layers of bitumen so that the total thickness is 3 - 5 cm.

Important! All this time, the container with bitumen must be hot so that it does not harden.

Bitumen penetrates and fills all the pores of concrete, preventing moisture from entering it. It will last 5 years - a relatively long time. Then it will begin to deteriorate and crack, letting water into the concrete.

To extend the service life of coating waterproofing, you can use bitumen-polymer mastics; they do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen and are more durable. The market can offer both hot and cold applied mastics, as well as polymer solutions with a hard or liquid consistency. Methods for applying such materials can be different: using a roller, spatula, trowel or spray.

Pasted waterproofing of the foundation using rolled materials

Rolled waterproofing materials can be used either separately or in addition to the coating method.

The most common and relatively cheap material for adhesive insulation is roofing felt. Before fixing it to the surface of the foundation, it must be treated with a bitumen primer or mastic, as in the previous method.

Then we heat up the roofing felt sheets gas burner and apply it to the vertical surface of the foundation with an overlap of 15 - 20 cm. This method is called fusing. But it is also possible to secure the roofing material using special adhesive mastics. We again cover the top with bitumen mastic and glue another layer of roofing felt.

Important! Before fusing the roofing material, it is necessary to fold the edges of the horizontal waterproofing down and press it, fusing the rolled material on top.

Instead of roofing felt, you can use more modern roll materials: TechnoNIKOL, Stekloizol, Rubitex, Gidrostekloizol, Technoelast or others. Their polymer base is polyester, which increases elasticity, wear resistance and improves performance characteristics. Despite the higher price compared to roofing felt, these materials are recommended for use for waterproofing foundations. But they will not be able to provide sufficient strength to the coating without treatment with mastic, since they do not penetrate the pores.

Instead of adhesive waterproofing, you can use liquid rubber, which has good adhesion to the base, is durable and non-flammable. And most importantly, the surface is seamless, which provides better protection. If foundation waterproofing work is done manually, on your own, then one-component liquid rubber, for example, Elastopaz or Elastomix, is suitable.

Material consumption per 1 m2 is 3 - 3.5 kg.

Elastopaz applied layer by layer, in two layers, drying will require at least 24 hours at a temperature of +20 ° C. Sold in 18 kg buckets, cheaper than Elastomix. If the bucket is not completely used, it can be sealed tightly and used later.

Elastomix applied in one layer, drying will require no more than 2 hours at a temperature of +15 ° C. Sold in 10 kg buckets, more expensive than Elastopaz. If the bucket with Elastomix is not completely used, the mixture cannot be stored, since the adsorbent activator, which is added to the mixture before use, will cause the contents of the bucket to turn into rubber within 2 hours.

Which material to choose depends on the preferences of the owner and the time frame for implementation. Before applying liquid rubber, the surface must be dust-free and treated with a primer. After an hour, apply liquid rubber using a roller, spatula or brush according to the instructions on the package.

Surface treated liquid rubber may require protection from external influences if the backfill soil contains rocks or debris construction waste. In this case, the foundation must be covered with geotextiles or a pressure wall must be installed.

Penetrating foundation waterproofing

Penetrating waterproofing refers to materials whose substances are capable of penetrating 100 - 200 mm into the concrete structure and crystallizing inside. Hydrophobic crystals prevent water from penetrating into the concrete structure and rising through the capillaries. It also prevents corrosion of concrete and increases its frost resistance.

Materials such as “Penetron”, “Aquatron-6” and “Hydrotex” are classified as penetrating anti-capillary waterproofing and differ in the depth of penetration and method of application. More often similar materials internal concrete surfaces of the foundation, basement or basement are processed.

It is best to apply penetrating waterproofing to wet concrete. To do this, first clean the surface from dust and then thoroughly moisten it. We apply the material in several layers. After it is absorbed, the outer film can be removed.

To level and at the same time waterproof the vertical surface of the foundation, you can use special plaster mixtures with the addition of moisture-resistant components: hydroconcrete, polymer concrete or asphalt mastics.

Plastering is carried out using the same technology as plastering walls using beacons. To prevent cracks from appearing for a long time, it is recommended to apply it hot. After drying, the plaster layer must be protected by clay castle and backfill with clay.

Screen waterproofing of the foundation

In fact, this method is a modern replacement for a clay castle. To protect the foundation from aggressive pressure waters, bentonite mats, which are based on clay, are used. By the way, they can be used in addition to other methods of waterproofing. Clay mats are secured to the treated foundation using dowels. They are laid with an overlap of 15 cm. Then a concrete pressure wall is installed nearby, which will serve as an obstacle to prevent the mats from swelling.

During operation, the paper component of the mats is destroyed, and the clay is pressed into the surface of the foundation, performing a protective function.

The clay castle is also designed to prevent pressure water from reaching the foundation. To do this, a 0.6 m trench is dug around it. A layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom. Then the bottom and wall of the trench are compacted with greasy clay in several layers with breaks for drying. The remaining space is covered with either gravel or clay, and a blind area is installed on top.

During spring floods, the clay will not allow water to reach the foundation, and the lower moisture will escape through the crushed stone layer.

Waterproofing the foundation is a responsible undertaking. In this article, we examined only the most common methods. If you decide to do all the work yourself, remember that the main thing for the success of the business is to choose the right materials and necessary measures. Then the foundation will last a long time and will not require costly repairs.

Drainage of a land plot is the most important stage in preparing the area for construction. The use of drainage pipes significantly speeds up and simplifies installation drainage systems. Drainage pipes are necessary to drain water from high groundwater levels.