Artistic cutting. Sawing Products cut from plywood with a jigsaw

Sawing out plywood using a jigsaw according to drawings is a fascinating activity for handmade lovers. Openwork products can be used to decorate pieces of furniture, interior design, make wall panels, boxes, etc.

The work is performed both manually and electric jigsaw. You need to prepare free space at a table or workbench, purchase necessary materials and, most importantly, prepare a template, draw a picture or make a drawing.

In this article, let's look in more detail at how to cut out plywood using a jigsaw according to drawings, how to correctly transfer a template onto plywood, and how to select a high-quality workpiece.

Materials for work

• Plywood without knots good quality thickness from 3 to 5 mm.
• There are two types of sandpaper - fine and coarse. In order for the layers to be cleaned evenly, you need to place a rectangular board during sanding.
• Jigsaw manual or electric. If, when cutting out plywood with a jigsaw according to the drawings, the pattern turns out thin, with turns, and a radius of less than 2.5 cm, then it is better to use hand tools so as not to spoil the template.
• Stain (optional).
• Varnish. It is best to use acrylic, it is odorless and dries quickly.
• Drill. You will need it to make a hole for the jigsaw file.

How to make a template?

If you don’t know how to draw, but want to start cutting out plywood with a jigsaw, you can get drawings from numerous Internet sites. You need to find the required ornament or design and print it in full size.

The template is transferred to the plywood only after careful processing; for application, use a ballpoint pen or a simple pencil of medium hardness. Some people use carbon paper.

Then the drawing is carefully drawn on the plywood, and all irregularities are corrected.

Preparation of plywood

Before starting work on cutting out plywood with a hand jigsaw according to the drawings, you must first prepare the base. First, for convenience, cut out required size by attaching the template to a sheet of plywood.

Once the desired size is prepared, sand the surfaces. First, the sheet of plywood needs to be processed coarsely sandpaper, No. 120 will do. Then wipe the surface with a dry cloth. Then the material is sanded with fine sandpaper, for example, No. 80. Wood dust can only be shaken off with a dry cloth.

Beginning of work

After the surface of the plywood acquires an even structure, transfer the pattern according to the template. To start cutting with a jigsaw, you need to make a hole for the saw with a drill. After inserting the file, secure it well on both sides of the hand jigsaw. If an electric tool is used, then the jigsaw must be secured to a special stand so that it does not vibrate and spoil straight lines.

The work is carried out slowly, carefully, observing safety precautions.

Once the entire design is cut out, sand the inside side cuts.

Final stage

In order for a picture or piece of furniture to acquire a finished look and last longer, it needs to be treated with varnish. If you want to give some other shade to the product, then first apply stain, and after drying, apply varnish. After applying the first layer of varnish, you need to let it dry thoroughly, then use fine sandpaper to treat the surface again, as the varnish can raise the pile on the plywood. The final final coat of varnish is applied after wiping the product with a dry cloth.

How to use a hand jigsaw

In this lesson we will show you the basics of working with a regular hand jigsaw. Of course, there are also electric jigsaws, but they cost a lot of money, and working with them is a pursuit of speed, and not a calm, moderate creation of beauty.

For work we will need: manual jigsaw, a file, a table stand, a clamp for attaching the stand to the table, an awl, a pencil, two paper clips, a sheet of tracing paper, a sheet of copy paper, sandpaper and of course a piece of plywood required sizes. We will cut out a Christmas tree; in this work, in addition to the cutting technique, we will also master the technique of assembling plywood parts into a three-dimensional Christmas tree shape and the easiest way to finish the finished product, using ordinary watercolor paint.

The size of the plywood should correspond to the pattern you have chosen; try to arrange the cut parts more compactly, closer to each other, since everything that remains after cutting, as a rule, can no longer be used in further work due to its fragility. And so we clean the selected piece of plywood with sandpaper, trying to move it along the fibers, since transverse scratches will be clearly visible on finished product and they are very difficult to remove later, and the treated plywood fibers look velvety and soft.

The sandpaper should be medium-grit to reduce scratching of the plywood.

Secure the sheet of tracing paper and the drawing using clamps, then use a pencil to copy the drawing onto the tracing paper. This operation is necessary in order not to damage the original drawing when transferring it to plywood.

It should be noted right away that with the current level of distribution and availability of copying machines, for large-scale and complex drawings, it is good to use a copying machine for cutting and the required drawing simply needs to be copied onto a blank sheet of paper and then transferred from there to the plywood. The advantage of this method is that it is quite easy to enlarge or reduce the pattern chosen for work. We put tracing paper with a design on the plywood and use a pencil to transfer it through carbon paper to the front side of it.

Having transferred the entire drawing to plywood, we carefully check whether all the lines of the drawing are clearly visible on the plywood.

On next stage It is very important to check future interconnections of the Christmas tree parts. To do this, a piece of plywood of the same thickness as we are using needs to be attached to the drawn groove of the Christmas tree part and make sure that it fits exactly within the drawn boundaries. If the dimensions of the groove and the thickness of the plywood do not match, the width of the groove is adjusted - it is drawn equal to the thickness of the plywood used. Otherwise, when assembling finished parts, they will dangle or simply not fit into each other. This way all grooves in all part drawings are checked.

We take the stand and insert its clamp into the central hole.

We fasten the stand with a clamp to the edge of a table, window sill or workbench.

If your file is not inserted into the jigsaw, then we do this in the following sequence. We loosen the thumb of the lower clamp of the jigsaw (after turning the handle down - to working position). Insert the file into the lower clamp.

The direction of the saw teeth should be as in figure “b” - this is very important.

Then, having loosened the knob of the upper clamp, insert the upper end of the file into it and placing the jigsaw on the stand, press it firmly and screw the knob tightly. The file should be taut. But excessively strong tension can lead to breakage of the file when cutting shapes, and weak tension on the file will also lead to the same. So everything should be in moderation.

The position of the body when cutting should be as in the figure.

When cutting with a jigsaw, you need to smoothly move your hand up and down, up and down, monitoring the position of the file so that it does not tilt from the vertical position. When cutting along a curved line, turn the plywood rather than the jigsaw during the sawing process - this will reduce the likelihood of breaking the file.

When cutting sharp corners, make movements of the saw in place, gradually turning the plywood.

You should have a free space - a hole in which the file will turn, now continue sawing in the desired direction.

Make free space for turning the saw on the part of the plywood that will be thrown away and you will get sharp corners without much difficulty.

After you have cut out the entire outline of the design, the sawn part will be freely removed from the plywood.

Now, in order not to break the file, insert it into the cut from which you started cutting out the part and smoothly moving the jigsaw up and down, but only pull it out of the plywood with the back of the file.

Similarly, cut out the second part of the Christmas tree.

Sand the resulting parts with sandpaper.

Now we have two Christmas tree parts ready for assembly.

We collect them into one structure.

Now let's paint the Christmas tree with watercolors or gouache.

Our Christmas tree is ready.

And at the end of the lesson, we will show you the sequence of cutting out internal holes in parts. Let's say we need to cut out part of a circle.

In the middle of the part to be removed, we pierce a hole with an awl. Do not try to make the hole close to the drawn line, this may cause the plywood to chip, which will be quite unsightly.

Having loosened the upper clamp of the jigsaw and freed the file, we insert its upper end from below into the punctured hole.

We clamp the file into the upper clamp of the jigsaw and cut out the part of the pattern to be removed.

Then release the file from the upper clamp again. And we repeat this operation with each internal hole in the pattern.

The Christmas tree turned out to be stable and quite strong; for greater stability, the joining parts of the parts can be coated with some kind of glue that does not leave marks on the wood - this is PVA, carpentry or casein glue.

Shaped plywood cutting(cutting figures from a sheet of plywoodusing a machine) is popular among decorators and furniture makers. Using a sheet of plywood and special equipment, you can create not just a home decorating craft, but an entire work of art.

Sawing methods (basic techniques)

• machine for figure cutting plywood – laser equipment;
• a regular jigsaw (you will also need a set of files for it);
• CNC – milling equipment.

Before you start sawing, using one technology or another, you should know Some nuances that need to be taken into account when working with glued veneer:

1. You should know that cutting a figure from plywood made from pine/spruce will be much more difficult than from other tree species. This is explained by coniferous varieties due to resins they have a viscous structure.
2. Glued veneer should be cut in the direction of the grain. If you need to make a cross cut, then first make small cuts with a knife, and then start sawing with the main tool.
3. Before driving a nail, you need to make holes for it.

Sawing with a jigsaw

Rules:

1. You only need to cut in one vertical plane. The saw should be moved “up and down”.
2. If you need to make a turn according to the drawing, then turn the workpiece, not the base.
3. They begin to cut in the inner contour. Then they move to the outer contour.
4. The nail file should be cooled periodically (pause work for 10-15 minutes). Otherwise, it will become unusable.

Note!!! From ancient times to the present day, sawing with a jigsaw has been considered an interesting and creative activity.

Laser cutting of plywood sheet

Operating principle: beam burning along the contour. The main advantages of this technique include:

• there is no need to process/file the edges of the figure after cutting;
• high-quality cutting;
• the size of all laser-processed parts is the same;
• You can burn a pattern of any complexity.

Disadvantages and possible risks when working with laser equipment include:

• with excess power, plywood may char (despite the fact that the technology provides a special air supply, there is a risk of fire/charring, albeit small);
• When a craftsman sees plywood, he must be able to determine what species the veneer is made of and what kind of glue it is glued with (the burning mode depends on the type of wood and the type of glue);
• If a novice works with such equipment, and during the burning process the beam “accidentally” (due to the operator’s inexperience) hits a knot, the product will be damaged.

Before you start cutting plywood with a laser, you need to learn how to work with this type of equipment. How the figure will look depends on experience.

Cutting with a milling machine

To the main advantages this method sawing can be attributed to:

• quick sawing;
• during the process of cutting a figure from plywood, charring and other unpleasant consequences will not arise (this technique is best suited for beginners);
• the cutting accuracy is the same as when using laser equipment;
• There is no need to process (sand) the edges.

Price

Listed below are prices for popular brands of domestically produced plywood cutting machines.

Company "MULTICUT"

Characteristics of the main types of carving tools

As a rule, it is impossible to imagine any woodworking these days without a jigsaw - a special device with which you can plan out the desired shape from wood, as well as polish it with high quality wooden surface. That is why such tools are very popular.

There are two main types of such sawing tools - manual and electric. It is impossible to say for sure which option is better. Indeed, depending on the complexity and precision of the work, it is advisable to use a jigsaw of a certain type.

The handheld device is most suitable for small parts that need to be given complex shapes. It is with the help of a hand-held device that you can achieve high level cutting out complex patterns on plastic and wood, which cannot be done with a tool that runs on electricity.

How to use a jigsaw correctly? The ability to use it is a very useful thing, especially when it comes to functional cutting large parts and wood blanks. Job electrical appliance significantly saves the time spent, for example, on sawing boards for house frames and windows.

10 secrets when working with a hand jigsaw

There are 10 basic secrets in working with hand tools that will help you do the job quickly and very efficiently.

Secret 1. When working with any part, this part must be secured very securely so that when cutting it does not move anywhere. For these purposes, use a vice that can be adjusted to the desired size.

Secret 2. When sawing, try to apply pressure on the part so that the wood or plastic is very clean. thin layer. If you use too much force, the material may burst and the file may break. Pressing too softly will degrade the quality of the workpiece. Therefore, when cutting, try to gradually increase the force from one edge to the other, constantly turning the part so that the cutting proceeds evenly.

Secret 3. Choose one file direction for yourself. At first, you should not turn it, as this can damage both the part and the file itself. And after your hand gets used to it, you can slightly twist the handle. But only the angle of rotation should not exceed 15 degrees.

Secret 4. If you need to cut a part lengthwise and crosswise, then the best option will do this while standing, directing movements from top to bottom. If you start sawing horizontally, you will not be able to avoid distortions of the part.

Secret 5. If your workpiece has such a shape that the file from time to time tends to rest against the edge of the part and get stuck there, then you need to turn the pin clamps located on the side and reduce the pressure on the file.

Secret 6. When making a cutout of a certain shape inside a workpiece without damaging the edges, you need to use an electric drill to make a hole in the intended place so that the file can fit there. It is then removed from the device, inserted into the hole, after which the tool is attached to it again. Now you can safely cut out the part from the middle.

Secret 7. To prevent the saw from jumping out of the clamps, fix it from time to time by turning the handle. Just don't overdo it so it doesn't break. It will be enough when, when pulling, you feel that the file is firmly held, and the handle turns with difficulty.

Secret 8. If you just need to cut wood in one direction, then select the maximum saw tension on the tool handle. And for planing a part, you can choose a lower tension.

Secret 9. Always work in the same direction, regardless of whether you are making decorative carvings or simply sawing a part. This will not only make the work easier, but will also help avoid the formation of nicks on the workpiece.

Secret 10. If you are cutting out complex patterns, it is preferable to work according to a sketch drawn in advance on the workpiece. This way you will avoid mistakes and make the part as beautiful as possible.

10 secrets for working with an electric carving device

To avoid any problems when working with a jigsaw, read the basic secrets.

Secret 1. When working with a tool that runs on electricity, you do not need to press hard on the material. This can lead to deformation of the canvas.

Secret 2. If you are working with very tight wood or with stronger materials such as metal or glass, be sure to coat the workpiece in the places where you intend to cut before working. machine oil or at least water. This will make cutting easier and will prevent the mechanism from quickly deteriorating.

Secret 3. Always secure the workpiece as tightly as possible in the vice so that you can hold the jigsaw with both hands when working. This way the part will not rotate, and the cut will be much smoother.

Secret 4. When working with electric tools, it is very important to have a constant cutting speed and pressure force. If you increase all this even a little, as when working with a manual device, you risk damaging the mechanism and cutting the blade crookedly.

Secret 5. Always try to place the workpiece face down. This will help you make the sawing area smoother and more even.

Secret 6. It is advisable to place a sheet of non-slip plywood under the materials being cut. This way you will not only protect the surface on which sawing occurs, but you will also be able to reduce vibration of the workpiece during operation.

Secret 7. Before work, always mark the cutting locations with a pencil and ruler. A process without preliminary marking can subsequently produce significant distortions. The result is damage to the material.

Secret 8. Always try to cut not strictly along the intended line, but 3 mm to the side from it. Surprisingly, the cut with this approach turns out almost perfectly smooth.

Municipal budget educational institution children's additional education center for children's (youth) scientific and technical creativity

Artistic cutting.

Methodological development

IN methodological development classes are presented that include theoretical and practical parts: cutting toys from plywood.

In this manual you will find useful practical advice for beginners, learn how you can make a beautiful and useful item for your family, school and friends from ordinary plywood.

The methodological development is intended for teachers, students aged 8-12 years, and is also available to everyone.

1. Introduction

2. Plywood. Types of plywood.

3. Workplace

4. Tools and accessories

5. Rules for cutting

6. Making a craft “Dressy Teddy Bear”.

7. Making a craft “Napkin holder”

Introduction.

Wood carving and artistic sawing are a fascinating activity for children. Since ancient times, people decorated their homes carved platbands on the windows, carved skates decorated the roofs of houses. Thanks to this, each house had its own unique face. And now the children enjoy this activity in the Center’s associations.

Sawing classes develop students' artistic taste, precision and accuracy, instill labor skills in processing plywood and wood, and help them master various instruments. Experience has shown that systematic practice of artistic sawing opens up the opportunity for the development of initiative, creativity, and activates thought.

The sawing process is fascinating, since personal labor is invested in every detail and the finished product is valued as its own work. And if you put something of your own into the product you were working on, make your own amendments and additions, change the design or design of the ornament, resort to imagination, such a product is especially expensive, such items are in the place of honor at home.

Teenagers engaged in artistic sawing can do many jobs for the family at home, which will allow parents to get involved in this interesting activity and communicate more with their children, share their passion with them, and experience the joy of what they have created together.

We wish success to everyone who wants to get a beautiful and useful item from ordinary plywood for family, school or friends, make a good gift with their own hands, try and create their own, original drawing with their own hands.

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It is good to make photo frames from plywood made from birch veneer, since due to its average strength, birch wood is easy to saw and does not chip or stick the file.

II. Equipped workplace.

Setting up a place for sawing is not at all difficult. Attach a device called a “dovetail” to the table with a clamp - and you’re done.

The simplest dovetail looks like the one shown in the figure. It is cut out of plywood with a thickness of at least 5 mm.

Attach the dovetail to the table as shown in the picture. The stronger the support, the better!

Pay attention to the lighting: you will have to look intently at the jigsaw. It is best to move the table towards the window so that the light falls from the front. If you are working under artificial light, also make sure that the light is bright enough and coming from the front. It is best to work with the window open. It is advisable to rest every 25-30 minutes of work.

As in any business, do not forget to keep your work area clean. You know that garbage sometimes reaches critical mass!

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7. Sandpaper

8. Pliers

10. Files and needle files

You will also need a ruler, pencil and compass for marking.

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IV. Sawing.

Here you go. The necessary preparations have been completed. It's time to start cutting directly.

So, we fix the “dovetail” on the workplace and place the workpiece on it so that the cutting line passes between the ends “ swallowtail" After this, we begin to cut along the contour. The movements of the jigsaw should not be too strong or sharp. This may cause the file to break or cause burrs to form. reverse side I drank it away. The cut must be made according to inside drawing lines.

https://pandia.ru/text/80/214/images/image011_21.jpg" width="452" height="260">The file must be positioned vertically. We hold and turn the plywood with our left hand, and move it up and down with our right hand file, being careful not to press it too hard.As you cut, a pile of sawdust will form along the design line. Blow it away from time to time so that you can see the outline.

If the file needs to be removed from the cut, this is also done using sawing movements, but in the opposite direction.

The files are very thin - they can bend and break, so you should not allow the part to hang on the file.

Having finished the work, the file must be removed from the upper end of the jigsaw - do not leave it in a taut state.

When turning the pattern sharply, it is necessary to make several cuts in one place, while turning the plywood sheet around the saw. This will create a slight widening of the cut, and the file can be rotated in it at a different angle.

Now finish to the line of the inner contour and cut along it. Having cut the inner contour to the end, remove the cut piece, disconnect the upper end of the file from the jigsaw and remove the jigsaw from the hole. Sawing out a complex openwork pattern begins from the center, gradually moving to the edges.

Making crafts “Dressy Teddy Bear”.

Before you start working, you need to remember the safety precautions when working with piercing and cutting tools.

We transfer the product details onto plywood.

You can translate from a drawing using carbon paper or using a pre-made template. DIV_ADBLOCK232">

We cut out the details along the contour. The process of working with a jigsaw is described in detail in the “Sawing” section.

We process the resulting parts with sandpaper. Sanding is carried out only along the direction of the grain. First, the product is cleaned with medium-grain sandpaper. Then the surface is slightly moistened to lift the pile hidden between the fibers, dried and sanded with fine-grained sandpaper. So, our “bear cub” has been cut out and cleaned well, we can “dress up” it.

You can color with paints and felt-tip pens. During joint classes it is convenient to use acrylic, watercolor and gouache paints. Painting is done with watercolor brushes as on paper. Little tricks:

1) Using gouache, you need to add a drop of glue to the finished paint so that the paint does not spread on the finished product.

2) When using watercolor paint, you should not put a lot of water on the brush, so that the paint lays down more densely; before painting with watercolor paints, you can first prime the product with water-based emulsion, dry it and clean it.

Well, everyone chooses what colors to paint the bear cub for themselves.

After the paint has dried, we begin assembling the product. Connect the legs and body along the shaded line using a connecting block measuring 5x4 cm.

We will transfer all the details of the product onto plywood. We have only 6 parts. Please note that in the prefabricated work we will cut along the external and inner contour. Sawing along the external and internal contours is described in detail in the “Sawing” section. When cutting, all parts of the product are mounted using tenons and grooves. The spikes (protrusion on the outer contour of the joined parts) and their corresponding sockets (holes and recesses on other joined parts) are cut out simultaneously with the patterns. It is necessary to ensure that the width of the grooves and tenons in the drawings corresponds to the width of the plywood.
We finish the finished sawn parts with sandpaper. To do this, wrap a piece of skin around a small wooden block and moves along the fibers. Do this carefully so that the thin openwork plate does not break. We also sand the internal slots of the ornament.
After sanding, we can coat the finished parts with stain and then varnish or polish them to resemble valuable wood. Etching or staining is done with a brush, sponge or cotton swab. It is best to warm up the stain before use: the warm solution penetrates deeper into the pores. You need to apply stain evenly, along the grain, stroke by stroke. The recesses in the cuts of the ornament are stained after the main ornamental strip has already been painted. After staining, the parts must dry; dry parts will be coated with varnish.

https://pandia.ru/text/80/214/images/image020_15.jpg" width="288" height="216 src=">All drawings were tested in artistic cutting circles, and sawn according to these drawings items participated in various exhibitions. We wish success to everyone who wants to get a beautiful and useful item from ordinary plywood for family, school or friends, make a good gift with their own hands, try and create their own original drawing with their own hands.