What are house roofs made of? Types of roofs for houses

Often, ordinary people encounter difficulties when building their home.

One of these difficulties is the question of what is best to cover the roof of a private house.

Thanks to this article this problem will cease to occur.

Everyone will choose what they like and can afford.

Materials for roof decoration

Currently the market roofing materials amazes with its varied wide range.

All of them are distinguished by high technology and quality, but are suitable for certain architectural and design solutions.

Slate and Euroslate

Slate these days is a material that is made by mixing asbestos mass and cement.

The reasons for its enormous popularity are its unpretentiousness, excellent fire resistance, and durability.

A roof covered with such material does not need additional care, this material is much cheaper compared to others.

Typically, sheets of 1130 by 1750 mm are used to decorate the roofs of houses.

Sheets are usually made with eight waves.

Laying a roof with such slate does not require any special knowledge, you can do it yourself if you have a good eye.

Euro slate looks practically no different from the good old corrugated slate made of cement and asbestos.

But, unlike the “classic” material, ondulin - the second name for Euro slate - is made from a different material: pressed bitumen, which is much more flexible and stronger.

Laying this material requires additional structures in the form of a valley, ridge, vertical planks, etc.

Metal tile roof

Metal tiles are roofing materials made from thin sheets of copper or stainless steel.

To improve the protective properties, each plate is profiled and coated with a layer of polymer.

In appearance, metal tiles resemble ceramic tiles.

This material is very common, since its use is advisable for any climatic zones.

Metal tiles are usually used to cover roofs with varying numbers of slopes.

The only drawback of this material is its poor corrosion resistance.

If the polymer layer is destroyed under the influence of the environment, then the metal of the tile is subject to corrosion from the influence of snow or rain, and temperatures.

For protection, it is necessary to additionally treat the joints of metal tiles with varnish or thin layer mastics.

Folded paintings

Seam roofing is one of the most reliable types of covering, which ensures complete tightness at the joints.

Seam plates, which are called paintings, are made of thin galvanized steel.

Each slab can be coated with a polymer layer, but there are slabs without them.

The plates are connected to each other by seam locks, the design of which is a groove on one plate and a sliding groove on the other.

At the top, both grooves are hidden with a rebate lock. .

Advantages:

tightness, which is achieved by connecting with a rebate and slabs that overlap;
very long service life: enormous resistance to corrosion is increased by the use of polymers and copper plates;
very convenient installation: Seam roofing is perfect for any type of roof, it is very easy to install, the slabs are easily adjusted to each other.

Roll roofing

Roll roofing is the most common and simplest type.

This is explained by the ease of installation and its absolute low cost.

As a rule, roll covering is used on a flat roof.

Such a roof can easily be laid on reinforced concrete coverings of outbuildings.

The canvas is usually made no wider than a meter and seven to nine meters in length.

The thickness of the canvas varies from 2 to 5 millimeters depending on the length: the longer, the thicker.

Roll coating is not used for roofs with a slope of more than 30 degrees, and in other cases this type roofs can easily outperform difficult-to-install and expensive types roofing materials.

Mastic roofing

This type of roofing is a soft type, similar to a roll roof, but in this case roll materials are not used.

Special mastics and additional reinforcement are used as “raw materials”.

The positive properties of mastic roofing are its low cost and lightweight technological process styling

The main thing in the installation method is to lay all the mastic in an even layer, reinforce it with thin wooden or metal lathing and again pour an even layer of hot mastic.

A roof that is filled with mastic is a combination of quality, functionality and low cost.

There are two types of mastic roofing: without reinforcement and with additional reinforcement.

Non-reinforced roofs using mastic are made in two layers: a layer of silicone emulsion, which does not allow water to pass through, and a layer of mastic is poured onto the emulsion layer.

Everything is done “hot”.

Mastic roofing has one positive property: there are no seams when pouring, but it is necessary to maintain uniformity of pouring, except for the seals under the ridge or in the places where joints or corners of the roof are attached.

Roof type

Set-type roofs are usually made using ceramic tiles.

Such a roof for for a long time used by different generations has passed many tests.

The stacked roof is very resistant to precipitation and temperature.

Its texture is sufficiently flexible, which greatly facilitates installation.

Recently, inlaid roofing has been very popular in the construction of country cottages and houses.

There are three types of tiles:

from clay of different properties;
a mixture of sand and polymer dust,
a mixture of sand and Portland cement.

This roofing is very suitable for roofs with different numbers of slopes, but it must be remembered that at an angle of inclination above 50 degrees, the tiles are additionally secured with screws.

Stacked roofing is the most expensive type of roofing, therefore it is used as a “finishing” type of roofing for important buildings.

The main advantages include excellent aesthetic appearance, fire resistance and strength.

Due to the fact that tiles are heavy, the roof requires additional system rafters and sheathing.

Video about how to cover a roof.

Reviews from buyers and developers

StroyTrest LLC, on the market since 1992. We actively use seam roofing in the construction of roofs. This material has proven itself to be excellent in quality, consumer demand, and excellent strength characteristics. The invention of the seam is a new word in roofing. Currently, our company has stopped dealing with other types of roofing, since seam slabs make up 90% of our income. In addition to installation, this material We recommend it to both private individuals and developers.

Egor, 42 years old. Recently I decided to rebuild my country house. I poured and laid the floors, raised the walls, erected a hipped roof, but the funds limit was exhausted. The question arose about how to make a roof, but at a cheaper price. In order to stay within the budget, I decided to make the roof from roll material. It turned out great. It is very easy to lay, cut with a regular knife, the cost also satisfied me. Excellent, affordable and high quality material.

Semyon, 27 years old. I moved with my wife to a two-story building. Such houses are still found in urban settlements; they lived there for the whole summer, and in the fall it turned out that the roof was leaking. I had no doubts for a long time and decided to re-cover the roof at my own expense. The roof is flat. I thought for a long time about what to do and finally decided to fill the floors with mastic. For an area of 40 square meters, only 80 liters of mastic were enough, which cost several thousand rubles. We are still living, 4 years have passed, and we are not complaining. An excellent material for making a roof.

Sergey Novozhilov is an expert in roofing materials with 9 years of practical experience in the field engineering solutions in construction.

In building a house, each process is important, requiring a serious approach, calculation and implementation of stages. The roof of a structure is one of the most important components of the structure, on which the protective function. The roof prevents moisture from entering, protects the house from external factors and helps retain heat indoors. Therefore, it is very important, even at the design stage of the future structure, to decide on the type of structure and choose required material. In this article we will tell you which roof to choose for a private home.

There are a number of specific construction criteria that help you choose the right roof for your home. Criteria include:

design of the future building;
architectural design features;
functional significance of the roof space;
external factors (ecological conditions, geographical location, climatic conditions);
location of the house above sea level;
material used for construction.

Important! The type of roof of the future structure is equipped with mandatory compliance with construction and technical standards.

In order to decide which design option is best suited for your home, you should consider design options. It is the design options that will tell you how to choose a roof for your house. Kinds roofing structures:

Single slope type- simple and inexpensive design, consists of the structure of one inclined surface, which is fixed to two load-bearing sides of the building and is located throughout the entire area of the house. This type of roof excludes the presence of good thermal insulation and provides poor protection from the wind;
Gable type- this type is assembled from two identical slopes, fixed on opposite sides of the building and connected to each other at the ridge. Gable roof practical, drains water perfectly, does not require the use of complex construction technologies and has quite an attractive appearance. The under-roof space allows you to place, heating system or attic;

For information! The gable roof has characteristic feature- it is installed according to the parameters of the house; the larger the structure, the more material is consumed.

Four-slope type- when choosing this type of roof, additional engineering calculations should be taken into account. The design consists of triangular and trapezoidal slopes, which are highly durable and reliable. However, it should be taken into account that the hipped roof is quite heavy and the future structure must have strong load-bearing walls;

For information! The hip type of roof is classified as hip roof; a structure of two slopes is installed, which completely cover the entire area of the building.

Multi-pincer type- consists of many pitched elements, so they are most often used for multi-level buildings.

A large number of slopes significantly increase the living space and give the house a more presentable appearance.

Characteristics of roofing material

Roofing material plays important role in the construction, the practicality and reliability of the roof depends on the material. The modern construction market and technologies offer a large selection of materials, so before deciding which roof to choose, we advise you to study the characteristics of the materials. All materials are classified according to their level of hardness, release form and composition. Covering in a private home can be made of:

mineral materials - in their production they use shale products of natural origin, various minerals and ardrogress;
ceramic products (ceramic tiles) - made from clay;
bitumen products - used in production organic matter and processed petroleum products, these include roofing felt, bitumen slate and tiles;
metal products - made of zinc, aluminum alloy and copper (galvanized corrugated sheets and metal tiles);
cement - made from sand, Portland cement and asbestos (slate, tiles);
polymer products - they are based on PVC and synthetic rubber (membrane, polypropylene).

For information! When choosing a material for roofing, study the characteristics of the product. Remember, manufacturers provide quality certificates and a guarantee for their products.

Roofing materials have different shapes release and level of hardness (soft or hard). For example, a product may be produced:

piece by piece (tiles);
leaf form (slate, ondulin);
in the form of a roll (polypropylene, rolled membranes).

It is impossible to answer unequivocally which material is better to choose for execution. roofing works, because in each specific case, the owner and developer focus on the design of the future building.

Advantages and disadvantages of the material

Before choosing a roofing material and performing all installation work, you should study its advantages and disadvantages. The material must not only have an attractive appearance, but also be practical, resistant to external irritants and have high performance characteristics. Let's look at the advantages and disadvantages of popular roofing materials.

Metal tiles

Metal tiles are the most affordable and popular. The product is highly durable, the sheets are able to protect the structure from sun rays, frost and wind. Thanks to large selection color palette, the future owner of the house will not have problems choosing the material to match the design of his structure. Disadvantages include:

low noise insulation;
due to the fact that the metal of the product is thin, it is necessary to perform careful thermal insulation;
the coating is susceptible to rusting and damage.

Ceramic tiles

Ceramic products are high-quality and durable products; a roof made from this material has high level noise absorption, and is also able to protect the structure from external factors. Among the disadvantages of the material it should be noted:

the presence of a durable frame;
the structure is heavy, i.e. the walls and foundation of the house must withstand the load of the roof;
high price.

For information! If you decide to build a house and cover the roof with ceramic tiles, when installing, take into account the angle of inclination from 22 to 60 degrees.

Bituminous shingles

Bitumen is highly resistant to corrosion and rotting, and is also a good heat insulator. Bitumen makes the house not only attractive, but also silent and durable. When constructing a roof, an angle of inclination of more than 12 degrees should be taken into account. Among the disadvantages of the material it is worth noting:

in severe frosts the product becomes fragile;
fades in the sun;
such a roof increases construction costs, because requires the construction of a solid foundation.

Corrugated sheet

Corrugated sheeting is considered the lightest and thinnest material on the market. It is easy to install and quite simple to work with. It has good resistance to various mechanical damage; when installing the roof, you should take into account the angle of inclination of 12 degrees. Among the disadvantages it is worth noting:

the product is subject to corrosion processes;
has low noise insulation;
requires careful lathing and thermal insulation.

For information! In the process of laying a corrugated roof a large number of material goes to waste.

Ondulin

Ondulin is a practical, reliable and highly flexible material, due to which you can install the most complex structures. The product perfectly tolerates any climatic conditions, protects from frost and sun, and also has high sound insulation.

For information! Manufacturers of ondulin provide a 15-year guarantee against leakage and cracking of the material. If the roofing process is carried out correctly, ondulin can last up to 50 years.

Among the disadvantages of the material it is worth noting:

Over time, the product fades in the sun;
requires good lathing to ensure structural rigidity.

If you decide to build your house and do all the work yourself, we advise you to carefully study the characteristics of roofing materials. Not only the appearance of the structure, but also its performance characteristics, safety and durability of the structure will depend on the selected material.

As you know, there are no houses without roofs. The roof structure is a kind of multi-layer cake, which is a rather complex system that includes rafters, beam floors, Mauerlat, hydro- and vapor barrier layers. Mauerlat is a thick beam that is laid along the entire perimeter of the roof and carries the function of uniformly distributing the load over the entire roof. It is attached to the walls of the building and serves as a foundation for the roof. Rafters are commonly called inclined beams. The structure of each individual species is not the same. They differ in configuration complexity.

The shape of the roof can be absolutely any, therefore, important stage roof construction is a clear and accurate design of all the nuances of the future roof.

Therefore, the question of how to properly make a roof includes more than one factor, or even several. Before you start studying the installation technology and its design, you need to understand what types of roofs there are, what function they should perform, and also have an idea of how roofing material is calculated and what types it is divided into. In addition, you will have to study the properties of the selected coating. Even if you plan to hire specialists for this, nevertheless, knowledge of all the nuances in this matter and useful information will be useful to all those who decide to start building a house.

What a properly made roof of a house should have

The roof protects the home from moisture and, accordingly, it must be waterproof.
must ultimately be carried out so that condensation does not form on the rafter system and internal surface coatings.
Ensure normal temperature and humidity indoors at home.
The roof is more exposed to external environment than, for example, walls, so it must withstand snow, wind and temperature loads, including sudden changes.
The roof can corrode, rot, and various living organisms can gradually destroy the roof. Therefore, it must be equipped in such a way that the correctly selected material protects the roof from such negative phenomena.
Soundproofing properties.
The roof must resist mechanical stress, be suitable for repair work and be economical to operate.
Coziness and comfortable living in the house depends on the roof, which must be done correctly.

In addition, the roof should be an architectural extension of the house, which is the final and defining element of the overall appearance. Therefore, you need to choose the roof correctly. There is more than one type of roof, so it is important to decide at the very beginning of construction what shape it will be in accordance with the design of the estate as a whole. Let's look at the most common and popular types of roofs.

Flat roof

When installing a flat roof, a unique opportunity arises to create an open space for relaxation on it.

It should be noted that this type of roof is not often used in the construction of private houses, since their design does not withstand the load in the form of snow in winter periods. The only exception is when it has a small area and its rafter system is not made of wooden beams, but is based on reinforced concrete or metal structures. Their tilt angle is about 3 degrees, which is the reason for low self-cleaning flat roof. In them, as well as in pitched roofs, there are rafters and sheathing, but their design is much simpler, which makes it possible to make such a roof with minimal costs. There are no valleys, ridges or inclined stiffeners in this type.

From an aesthetic point of view, this type of roof is attractive because such a roof can be used as additional area. For example, you can make a garden on it or arrange it as a terrace. You can also place an inflatable pool on it in the summer. In other words, make a comfortable place for a good rest for your family on a flat roof. In cold regions of our country, experts do not recommend doing flat roof at their homes.

Shed roof

The use of a single-pitched roof will ensure maximum use of the internal space.

This type of roof is more suitable for outbuildings, garages and shops than for residential buildings. Unlike other roofs, this type of roofing uses a special rafter system in which the beams, resting directly on the walls of the building, act as smooth guides and support all the roofing material. The installation technology for this type of structure is very simple, and doing it correctly will not be difficult even for a non-professional in this field. Typically, the angle of inclination of such structures ranges from 5 to 60 degrees.

Gable roof

A gable roof consists of two planes that rest on the walls and are located on the same level.

Gable roofs are the most common and are used almost everywhere in construction. This type implies the presence of two slopes that rest on the walls of the building with the same height. If the walls are of unequal height, the roof will look asymmetrical, which will spoil the overall appearance of the building. Therefore, it is still correct when the walls are identical to each other.

Due to the existing fronts, which resemble triangles, a gable roof is also called a gable roof. The construction of this type of roof is very different from single-pitch structures. They do not use straight beams, and usually the rafter system of gable roofs has the same triangle shape as the gable of the house. It is important to note that the angle of inclination of such a roof will directly depend on what roofing material is planned to be used. Tiles look best on these structures.

Thanks to their shape, gable roofs are very practical and easy to use. As a rule, they contain the opportunity to do attic space, which can be insulated and used as a useful area in the form of an attic, in which you can arrange, for example, a children's room, bathroom, bedroom or office.

Sloping gable roof or mansard

A special feature of the attic roof is its broken slopes, which increase the functionality of the attic space.

A mansard roof involves a structure that has two planes on each slope, which are connected to each other at an obtuse angle. It belongs to the variety gable roof. The broken shape has a considerable advantage over the usual gable shape, since thanks to its design, the area and volume of the attic in this case will be much larger, which is an excellent solution for small private houses. Because of this, the sloping roof is at the peak of popularity in our country today. Often on mansard roofs apply various slopes: the lower ones are steeper, and the upper ones are gentle.

Due to the fact that various fractures and bends increase the load on the main elements of the roof, and this occurs for reasons such as the accumulation of dirt, snow or water at the joints, as a result of this, leaks may appear in the structure and the roof will eventually sag. Therefore, the correctly selected material for this option and a high-quality rafter system will also play an important role in the durability of the roof and its functionality. In other words, when choosing this form for your home, you need to approach this issue very seriously.

Hip roof

A hip roof is a kind of hybrid of a gable and hip roof.

This design consists of two triangular slopes and two trapezoidal ones, which are located on both long sides of the building. The triangles are called hips, and this is where this design gets its name from. This same variety also includes a hip roof, in which all 4 slopes have a triangular configuration. They converge at one point. These are suitable for rectangular or square shape. Thanks to their design, they are very convenient, since snow and dirt are practically blown away from such roofs, and therefore there is no need to install snow retainers and complex drainage structures on them.

How to choose the right roofing material for the roof of a house

Metal tile covering will help home owners forget about roof repairs for 35-50 years.

Most likely, no one can give a definite answer to this question, since the choice of roofing material will depend on many factors: architectural style and the type of building as a whole, aesthetic and economic aspects, requirements for the quality of the roof (service life, appearance and other characteristics). So, for example, if you cover the roof with corrugated sheets or metal tiles, its service life will be approximately 25 to 50 years. If the coating is installed from ondulin, then the minimum warranty period starts from 15 years. In any case, experts say that the durability of the roof depends largely not on its type, but on the correct installation of the roof.

As a rule, in the construction of a house, except interior decoration, the final stage is covering the roof with roofing material, which requires a lot of money. Therefore, from the point of view financial side the choice should be individual and it is better if, at the very beginning of construction, the owner of the house decides on the type of covering and sets aside the necessary amount for installing the roof. The question of how to properly make a roof should arise immediately before the necessary material is available. In addition, if you plan to cover the roof with your own hands, you will need to purchase a set of tools, which should include:

electric scissors;
screwdriver;
roulette;
hacksaw;
level;
hammer;
ladder.

It should be noted that such heavy roofing materials as cement-sand and ceramic tiles are much more expensive than bitumen shingles, corrugated sheets or metal tiles. If, after all, the choice fell on heavy coverings, then it is important to know: they require a more powerful rafter system that costs a lot of money.

According to statistics, every second homeowner built his own home. According to their reviews, erecting a roof yourself is one of the most difficult stages for non-professional builders. Therefore, it is very important to approach this stage with a complete understanding of all the nuances of the process. To understand how to make a roof with your own hands, you need to study the device, installation technology, work order and features of fastening all components of the structure.

Types of roofs

First you need to decide on the form. To date, the most popular types are:

Features of forms

Covering the roof with one single slope will save nerves and materials, since structurally this is the simplest option. If you make such a frame yourself, the labor intensity of the work will be minimal and the installation speed will be high. But this form has a drawback - there is no possibility of arranging a full-fledged attic or attic, since the under-roof space is too low.

A gable roof is installed much more often. It is a little more difficult to manufacture, but allows you to get more space. Compared to the hipped one, it has less complexity and mass, but it will be necessary to make triangular pediments at the ends of the building.

Gable - the most popular form

Before you start self-construction roofs with four slopes will require serious preparation. This system has more elements compared to the previous two. In addition, it is not possible to make full-fledged windows in the attic, since the roof structure does not have gables and installation is difficult or cannot be avoided.

The hipped roof is complex in design, but savings are achieved due to the absence of gables

For the attic excellent option there will be a combined design with . In this case, in the lower part the roof has a greater slope than in the upper section. This assembly allows you to raise the ceiling in the room and make the constructed house more comfortable.

Broken line - not the most “architectural”, but very effective in terms of space used

Calculation

Before starting work, you need to make a design calculation. It makes no sense to calculate the cross sections of all elements. In most cases they can be accepted constructively:

Mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
racks - 100x150 or 100x100 mm depending on the cross-section of the rafters;
struts - 100x150 or 50x150 mm, taking into account ease of connection with the rafters;
puffs - 50x150 mm on both sides;
purlins - 100x150 or 150x50 mm;
overlays with thickness from 32 to 50 mm.

Calculations are usually performed only for rafter and slope legs. It is necessary to select the height and width of the section. The parameters depend on:

roofing material;
snow area;
pitch of rafters (selected so that it is convenient to lay insulation, for mineral wool there should be 58 cm of clearance between the elements);
span.

You can select the cross-section of the rafters using general recommendations. But in this case it is recommended to make a small reserve.

The calculation is usually performed for rafter legs

If you don’t want to delve into the intricacies of calculations, you can use special ones.

If you are planning to do warm roof, then the height of the cross-section of the legs is selected taking into account the thickness of the insulation. It must be mounted so that it does not protrude above the supporting beams. You also need to take into account that for mineral wool a ventilation gap of 2-4 cm is made between it and the coating. If the height of the rafters is not enough for this, provision is made for installing a counter-lattice (counter battens).

Step-by-step instructions for performing the work

The sequence of stages of roof construction is as follows:

taking measurements of the building box (dimensions may slightly differ from the design ones);
preparation of materials and tools, treatment of wood with antiseptic;
fastening the Mauerlat to the wall;
installation of a ridge crossbar, if needed (for layered rafters);
frame installation;
strengthening the roof using racks, struts and tie-downs;
waterproofing;
sheathing;
providing ventilation;
installation of drips;
installation of coating.

Fastening the Mauerlat

In order for the roof to be securely fastened, you need to ensure that it is securely connected to the wall of the building. If a wooden house is being built, then the Mauerlat is not required - this element is the upper crown made of timber or logs. In this case, fastening to the wall is carried out using special “floating” fasteners. They are sold ready-made, most often called sleds. This type of roof arrangement allows the entire structure to shift slightly as the walls shrink without destruction or deformation.

“Sliding” mount in wooden house

A similar situation arises with a frame house. In this case, the Mauerlat will be top harness walls It is attached to the frame posts with a gash using angles, staples or nails.

Methods of attaching rafters to the frame in a frame house

The roof structure made of brick, concrete blocks or concrete involves fastening through a Mauerlat. In this case, there are several ways.

There are four ways to place the Mauerlat on the wall:

on staples;
on stiletto heels;
on anchor bolts.

The Mauerlat can be secured to brackets. In this case, in the masonry with inside lay wooden blocks. They should be located at a distance of 4 rows from the edge. One side of the bracket is attached to the mauerlat, and the other to the same block in the masonry. The method can also be considered simple. It is not recommended for large buildings with high loads.

Fastening the Mauerlat to brackets. Antiseptic wooden blocks are provided in the masonry of the wall with a pitch of 1-1.5 m

When installing the roof yourself, fastening can be done through studs or anchor bolts with a diameter of 10-12 mm. The fasteners are laid in the masonry. The Mauerlat is temporarily placed on the sawn-off edge and lightly hit with a hammer. After this, indentations remain on the beam at the fastening points. You need to make holes for the studs along them. After this, the beam is put on the fasteners and the nuts are tightened. The method is ideal for walls made of lightweight concrete if available monolithic armored belt.

Fastening the rafters to the mauerlat

In houses made of brick or stone, it is more reasonable to perform it using rigid fastening of the rafters to the mauerlat. In this case, you can use both layered and hanging system. The design involves two methods:

with notch;
without cutting.

In the first case, the rafters are cut with a slope so that they are tightly adjacent to the mauerlat. To remove the cornice, fillies are provided. They are attached to the leg with an overlap of at least 1 m. Rigid fixation of the assembly should be done using self-tapping screws, nails or staples. But more reliable assembled frame will work if metal corners with holes for self-tapping screws are used for fixation.

The method without cutting often does not involve the use of fillies. In this case, the beams themselves provide the frame extension. This option is simpler than the previous one, since it does not require high precision. It is suitable for beginners. In this case, stop bars or boards are used to ensure a tight fit to the Mauerlat. Rigid fixation, as in the previous case, is performed metal corners on both sides.

Attaching rafters to the wall

The completed frame must be secured to the frame of the building - this will prevent a strong gust of wind from tearing off the roof. To do this, the rule is to use a twist of two wires with a diameter of 4 mm. They are wrapped around the leg where it rests on the mauerlat, and then the wire is attached to the wall with an anchor or ruff about 4-5 rows before the cut. The element must be laid in the masonry in advance.

Wind protection

For wooden house you can simplify the task. You can assemble the frame using staples. This option will speed up the process. But it is important to remember that this method is only suitable if the walls are made of wood.

Strengthening the system

How to strengthen the frame for spans of more than 6 meters? It is necessary to reduce the free span of the rafters. For this purpose, struts and racks are used. Reinforcement must be done taking into account the layout; it is important that these elements do not interfere with people’s stay and fit harmoniously into the interior.

The struts are usually placed at an angle of 45 or 60 degrees to the horizontal plane. The racks cannot be supported on the floor span. They can be installed on underlying walls or beams and trusses thrown between walls.

Tightening is necessary to reduce the thrust. Because of it, the rafters can simply move apart. This is especially true for systems with hanging beams. To assemble the frame, use two ties, which are attached on both sides of the rafters. Fixation is carried out using screws, nails or studs.

At the top point, the rafters rest on an intermediate or ridge run. Depending on the chosen system, location and width of the span, it is made of timber with a cross-section from 50x100 to 100x200 mm. Fastening is carried out on connecting metal plates, bolts or nails.

Lathing

Before starting work at this stage, it is necessary to lay waterproofing material. Builders recommend using a vapor diffusion moisture-proof membrane. It costs more than polyethylene film, but guarantees more reliable protection. Owning your own home is not a reason to save money.

The roof requires fastening of the sheathing. The type depends on the selected roofing material. For metal, a sparse sheathing of boards 32-40 mm thick will be sufficient. Under bitumen shingles you need a continuous sheathing made of 25-32 mm boards or moisture-resistant plywood.

Ventilation of the under-roof space

Before proceeding with the roofing stage, it is worth considering the ventilation of the under-roof space. This will protect structures from mold, mildew and destruction.

Proper ventilation under the roof will protect the structure from the appearance of fungus

For ventilation it is necessary to provide:

air flow through the cornice (the cornice is hemmed with a sparse board or special perforated soffits);
air movement under the coating (there should be a gap of 2-3 cm between the insulation and the roof);
air outlet in the area of the ridge (for this, a ridge and/or point aerator is installed on the roof).

Roof covering

The type of roof is selected for aesthetic and economic reasons. It is also worth studying the manufacturers’ proposals and finding out the permissible slope. For example, it is not recommended to lay bitumen shingles on a slope of more than 45°.

Seam roofing is a lightweight fireproof and durable covering

The flooring material must provide reliable waterproofing. Its installation is carried out in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. There are five most common types of coverage: roof insulation.

When looking at any a private house it is impossible not to pay attention to its roof. It is the visual effect of the roofing that largely determines general style cottage However, it's just beautiful roof- this is “good, but not enough”: in addition to external aesthetics, it must also be reliable and durable. In modern individual construction Many types of roofs are used, so the main task here is not to “get lost” among dozens of offers and make the right choice.

In today's review we will look in detail at the following issues:

How to choose the right roof covering so that its further operation does not cause problems.
- Why the choice of roofing requires integrated approach.
- Roof: types of covering.
- How to save money when installing a roof.
- In what cases is it better to buy more expensive roofing material in order to avoid unnecessary costs in the future.

FIRST STAGE: LOOK AT THE ROOF

As already mentioned, the types of roofs on the modern market are extremely diverse. When choosing roofing material, you must remember that the main role in this process is played by the following parameters:

Suitable design;
- reasonable price for you;
- durability (after all, the roof is not a part of the house that can be changed every year);
- no difficulties during installation.

It is better to decide on the choice of roof at the design stage of the future house in order to accurately take into account the load on the rafter structure and make a correct calculation of the necessary building materials and roof components.

A “correct” roof necessarily implies comfort inside the house precisely under the climatic conditions in which this house is built and operated. Therefore, the following observations and advice from experts cannot be ignored:

For southern regions characterized by increased solar activity, it is better to select a roofing covering based on its color fastness (ultraviolet stability) parameters. You also need to pay attention to the operating temperature range of the future roof covering, since it will get very hot in the summer.

In coastal areas, the roof must be resistant to the aggressive environment created by salty sea air.

In northern regions, it is necessary to take into account the weight of the roof covering, since snow loads will be the determining factor in this case.

When designing a roof, loads from snow and wind must be taken into account, regardless of the chosen covering material.

Experienced builders indicate that it is better to choose the roofing material before the rafter system is installed. The fact is that there are some seemingly small, but very important differences in the design of the roofing “pie” for different types coverings.

SECOND STAGE: SELECTING A ROOF COVERING

The choice of roof is carried out individually in each specific case - there is no universal advice here. However, there is a certain algorithm approved by professionals.

So that the roof of your house makes you happy long years and didn't create unnecessary problems, when choosing a roofing, proceed in the following sequence:

First of all, select the design and brand (manufacturer) of the coating from the desired group;
- then select a specific product from them, taking it into account specifications and price (compare offers from different sellers - the cost of the same product may differ significantly in different stores).

Remember that a roof, even one made of the most quality material, will not last long if you do not follow the rules for using this material! The types of roofing coverings for roofs are varied; there are also very cheap offers on the market, but you can only save up to a certain level. Also remember that durability roofing system at home depends on proper installation even more than on the quality of the chosen material.
When choosing a roofing covering, you must also take into account the shape of the roof. If you plan to install a roof of complex shape, with slopes of different shapes (for example, trapezoidal and triangular), then when using sheet materials(for example, metal tiles) the amount of waste will exceed 30% of total number material. Thus, the roof will cost too much, so for complex roof It is more advisable to use another material - for example, soft tiles, or another covering, the installation costs of which will not be so high.

TYPES OF ROOF COVERINGS

Roof coverings presented on the modern building materials market have different parameters that need to be understood before making the final choice. The most popular and common types of roofing are:

Metal tiles;
- soft bitumen shingles;
- ceramic tiles;
- composite tiles;
- sand-cement tiles;
- steel;
- slate (for the most economical builders).

Let's look at each of them in more detail, so that as a result the roof of your house does not disappoint you and does not require an urgent replacement.

METAL TILES

Today, this material has firmly established itself in the highest positions of popularity among roofing coverings. Metal roof tiles are a solid galvanized sheet with (or without) coating. various shapes(in professional language - rolling forms). The cost of this material varies between $5-14.4 per 1 sq. m. meter.

Types of metal tiles differ in coating options (if any), as well as steel thickness and profile. The steel thickness range is 0.4-0.5 mm. As the builders explain, the thicker the steel you choose, the more reliable the roof will be. For example, a thickness of 0.4 mm is considered not a particularly good choice - such steel is too thin, which makes installation difficult: large sheets During installation, metal tiles literally crumple like foil.

The “life” of metal tiles directly depends on the quality of the galvanized sheet and the quality of the coating. Different types of roofs involve both purchasing standard metal tile sheets and ordering them to individual sizes.

One of the features of this material is that, despite a fairly wide selection of colors, there are quite a few rolling forms for metal tiles. This must be taken into account when developing the design of the roof of your home. Also, when planning a purchase, you need to pay attention not only to the price per square meter of the tile itself, but also to the cost of additional elements for its installation - the inflated price of these elements will “pull” an increase in the total cost of the roof.

Another important point: When it rains, a metal tile roof is noisy! Raindrops knock loudly on it, and it can be heard in the house. To reduce the volume of the “sound track”, you need to take care of high-quality sound insulation and insulation ( insulation materials also muffles unwanted sounds).

If a metal tile roof is installed correctly, its service life will be about 50 years.

SOFT (FLEXIBLE OR BITUMEN) TILES

This material is the second most popular roof covering material in the domestic market after metal tiles. This type of roofing is distinguished by wide design possibilities and a variety of shapes and colors. Note that prices for this coverage also vary in a very wide range, starting from $5 per 1 sq. m. meter of material of simple quality and reaching $40-80 for offers from exclusive collections.

Soft tiles can also be “dressed” complex roof, since this type of roofing has virtually no waste during the installation process. In addition, such tiles have excellent sound insulating properties, which helps eliminate noise from rain.

It is important to know that flexible tiles must be laid on a solid base. In most cases, such a base is made of plywood (OSB). Of course, this slightly increases the overall cost of the roofing system.

Any type of roof covered with soft tiles requires continuous sheathing. In this case, it is most advisable to first make a thin sheathing, and then fill it with moisture-resistant plywood or OSB boards. To avoid having to cut the slabs, you need to adjust the pitch of the sheathing to the dimensions of the slab.

The roof will not become worse if you take a thinner slab. Standard width slabs are 122 centimeters. The sheathing can be made from inch boards in increments of 244 centimeters, and an OSM slab 9 mm thick can be fixed along its axes. This thickness will be quite sufficient for almost any climatic conditions found in the territories of Russia and Ukraine, and the edges of the slab will always be located exactly in the middle of the sheathing board.

Bituminous roof shingles also have one more useful feature- it does not require additional waterproofing along the rafter slope. A lining layer is laid on the continuous sheathing, on which the roofing tiles are mounted. With this installation algorithm, your roof will not create problems for you either with leaks or with condensation leaking onto the insulation from the inside of the material.

Through such a roof it is possible to install a pipe - a waste pipe, a smoke pipe or a ventilation pipe - much easier and cheaper than through a roof made of other materials. The main thing is not to forget to provide exits for these pipes in the future roof at the design stage.

To ensure that your roof covered with soft tiles serves you for a long time, take into account the following advice, which will be useful to you when purchasing a covering. It is very important that the bitumen contained in such shingles does not become brittle over time. Check the quality of bitumen when purchasing flexible tiles for the roof it’s as simple as shelling pears - you need to smell it. If you feel a strong bitumen smell, avoid purchasing this particular type of tile, since it means that the bitumen has been aged artificially, with the addition of various modifiers for elasticity.

WAVED BITUMEN SHEETS

This roofing material is made from cellulose (organic fibers) that is impregnated with bitumen. A roof made of corrugated bitumen sheets is easy to install and weighs relatively little. True, the use of such sheets imposes certain restrictions on the variety of design options. But despite this, this material is very popular due to its ease of installation and transportation.

Professionals note that the roof is made of wavy bitumen sheets It is especially well suited for small buildings - for example, summer houses, for which you can install the roof yourself.

STEEL (SEAM) ROOF

The types of roofs are very diverse, but the most durable and reliable will be a steel roof made using standing double seam technology. This type of roof has no holes and is installed monolithically and hermetically. A steel roof is exactly the option when the material itself is inexpensive, but requires special attention when laying. Masters who master the art high-quality styling steel roof, a little - and, accordingly, the price of installation work in this case increases compared to other materials.

It is worth choosing a steel roof if, first of all, you want it to last a long time, and the issue of price is not so important to you.

TILES

Good old tiles are a roofing material that has deep historical roots, because it began to be used in ancient times. A tiled roof is beautiful and durable, but when choosing this option, you should remember that any tile is heavy. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to reliability rafter system and the design of the house as a whole.

In the line of roof coverings, tiles occupy a place in the premium segment, since they are quite expensive. It is produced using several technologies. The modern market offers cement-sand, polymer-sand and ceramic tiles. Tile roof at its best classic look made from ceramic tiles.

When choosing sand-cement tiles, you need to pay attention to such a characteristic as cyclicity. A roof made of this type of tile absorbs moisture, which expands when the temperature drops below zero and back, which entails the destruction of the coating.

If you have chosen composite tiles, be prepared for difficulties when installing them. It is better not to trust the laying of this coating to roofers who do not have experience working specifically with composite tiles. But a roof covered with this material looks very impressive due to the combination of both the volume of the profile and the stone powder.

SLATE AND DYED SLATE

Slate roof is the most cheap option of all types of roofs today. In fact, slate can be recommended for use only in cases where the determining criterion for arranging a roof is its budget price. This material is already quite outdated and, in addition, it is characterized by increased fragility, which significantly complicates its transportation and installation.

Professionals remind you that the roof is not an element of the house on which you should save excessively. An excessive desire to reduce costs in this case will lead to a loss of quality of the roof itself, although the costs of installation work, insulation, etc. will remain unchanged. Therefore, if you expect reliable service from your roof for many years, try to purchase a higher quality roofing covering.

In conclusion, the real estate portal Stopmakler presents an interesting overview