German experiences. Auschwitz concentration camp: experiments on women

It is known that Nazi doctors conducted numerous experiments on prisoners of war and concentration camp prisoners. These were both men and women. Experiments were even carried out on Germans.

Experiments on prisoners in concentration camps are known for their unprecedented cruelty. Such experiments, by the way, were very diverse. The subjects could be placed in pressure chambers and then tested at different altitude conditions. This was done until people stopped breathing.

Experiments on prisoners in concentration camps were also carried out in other forms. People were injected lethal doses microbes of hepatitis, typhoid. Freezing experiments were also carried out on them in very cold water.

Nazi Germany is notorious for the horrors of its concentration camps.

The horror of the Nazi camp system was terror and tyranny.

Scientific research were organized on a grand scale.

People were taken naked into the cold until they froze.

They were also tested by poisoned bullets and mustard gas.

In the Ravensbrück concentration camp for women, hundreds of Polish girls were wounded and driven to gangrene.

Others were subjected to “experiments” in bone transplantation.

In Buchenwald, gypsies were selected and tested to see how long and how a person could live on salt water.

In many camps, experiments on sterilization of men and women were widely carried out.

The possibility of maintaining people's performance under conditions of excessive stress has been actively studied.

New drugs were also tested.

Experiments with malaria.

Experiments were also carried out with mustard gas.

Josef Mengele was born on March 6, 1911, a German doctor who conducted medical experiments on prisoners of the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II. Mengele was personally involved in the selection of prisoners arriving at the camp, and conducted criminal experiments on prisoners, including men, children and women. Tens of thousands of people became its victims.

The terrible experiments of Dr. Mengele - the Nazi "Doctor Death"

"Death Factory" Auschwitz (Auschwitz) gained more and more terrible fame. If in the remaining concentration camps there was at least some hope of survival, then most of the Jews, Gypsies and Slavs staying in Auschwitz were destined to die either in gas chambers, or from backbreaking labor and serious illnesses, or from the experiments of a sinister doctor who was one one of the first persons meeting new arrivals at the train.

Auschwitz was known as a place where human experiments were carried out

Participation in the selection was one of his favorite “entertainment”. He always came to the train, even when it was not required of him. Looking perfect, smiling, happy, he decided who would die now and who would go on experiments. It was difficult to deceive his keen eye: Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people. Many women, children under 15 and old people were immediately sent to gas chambers. Only 30 percent of prisoners managed to avoid this fate and temporarily delay the date of their death.

Dr. Mengele always accurately saw the age and state of health of people

Joseph Mengele thirsted for power over people's destinies. It is not surprising that Auschwitz became a real paradise for the Angel of Death, who was capable of exterminating hundreds of thousands of defenseless people at a time, which he demonstrated in the very first days of work at the new place, when he ordered the extermination of 200 thousand Gypsies.

Chief physician of Birkenau (one of the inner camps of Auschwitz) and head of the research laboratory, Dr. Josef Mengele.

“On the night of July 31, 1944, a terrible scene of the destruction of a gypsy camp took place. Kneeling before Mengele and Boger, women and children begged for their life. But it did not help. They were brutally beaten and forced into trucks. It was a terrible, nightmarish sight,” say surviving eyewitnesses.

Human life meant nothing to the “Angel of Death.” Mengele was cruel and merciless. Is there a typhus epidemic in the barracks? This means we will send the entire barracks to the gas chambers. This the best remedy stop the disease.

Joseph Mengele chose who to live and who to die, who to sterilize, who to operate on.

All experiments of the Angel of Death boiled down to two main tasks: to find an effective way that could influence the reduction in the birth rate of races disliked by the Nazis, and by all means to increase the birth rate of the Aryans.

Mengele had his own associates and followers. One of them was Irma Grese, a sadist who worked as a guard in the women's block. She took pleasure in tormenting the prisoners; she could take the lives of prisoners only because she was in a bad mood.

The head of the labor service of the women's block of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp - Irma Grese and his commandant SS Hauptsturmführer (Captain) Joseph Kramer under British escort in the courtyard of the prison in Celle, Germany.

Josef Mengele had followers. For example, Irma Grese, who is capable of taking the lives of prisoners due to a bad attitude

Josef Mengele's first task to reduce the birth rate was to develop the most effective method sterilization for men and women. So he operated on boys and men without anesthesia and exposed women to X-rays.

To reduce the birth rate of Jews, Slavs and Gypsies, Mengele proposed the development of an effective method for sterilizing men and women

1945 Poland. Auschwitz concentration camp. Children, prisoners of the camp, are waiting for their release.

Eugenics, if you look at encyclopedias, is the study of human selection, that is, a science that seeks to improve the properties of heredity. Scientists making discoveries in eugenics argue that the human gene pool is degenerating and this must be fought.

Joseph Mengele believed that in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”

Joseph Mengele, as a representative of eugenics, faced an important task: in order to breed a pure race, it is necessary to understand the reasons for the appearance of people with genetic “anomalies”. That is why the Angel of Death was of great interest in dwarfs, giants and other people with genetic abnormalities.

Seven brothers and sisters, originally from the Romanian town of Rosvel, lived in a labor camp for almost a year.

When it came to experiments, people had their teeth and hair pulled out, extracts of cerebrospinal fluid were taken, unbearably hot and unbearably cold substances were poured into their ears, and terrible gynecological experiments were performed.

"The most scary experiments of all were gynecological. Only those of us who were married went through them. We were tied to a table and systematic torture began. They inserted some objects into the uterus, pumped out blood from there, picked out the insides, pierced us with something and took pieces of samples. The pain was unbearable."

The results of the experiments were sent to Germany. Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to Joseph Mengele's reports on eugenics and experiments on Lilliputians.

Many scientific minds came to Auschwitz to listen to the reports of Josef Mengele

"Twins!" - this cry echoed over the crowd of prisoners, when suddenly the next twins or triplets timidly huddled together were discovered. They were kept alive and taken to a separate barracks, where the children were well fed and even given toys. A sweet, smiling doctor with a steely gaze often came to see them: he treated them to sweets and gave them rides around the camp in his car. However, Mengele did all this not out of sympathy or out of love for the children, but only with the cold calculation that they would not be afraid of his appearance when the time came for the next twins to go to the operating table. “My guinea pigs” was what the merciless Doctor Death called the twin children.

The interest in twins was not accidental. Mengele was worried main idea: if every German woman, instead of one child, gives birth to two or three healthy ones at once, the Aryan race will finally be able to be reborn. That is why it was very important for the Angel of Death to study in the smallest detail all the structural features of identical twins. He hoped to understand how to artificially increase the birth rate of twins.

The twin experiments involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived.

The first part of the experiments on twins was harmless enough. The doctor needed to carefully examine each pair of twins and compare all their body parts. Arms, legs, fingers, hands, ears and noses were measured centimeter by centimeter.

The Angel of Death meticulously recorded all measurements in tables. Everything is as it should be: on the shelves, neatly, precisely. As soon as the measurements were completed, the experiments on the twins moved into another phase. It was very important to check the body’s reactions to certain stimuli. To do this, they took one of the twins: he was injected with some dangerous virus, and the doctor observed: what will happen next? All results were again recorded and compared with the results of the other twin. If a child became very ill and was on the verge of death, then he was no longer interesting: he, while still alive, was either opened up or sent to a gas chamber.

Joseph Menge used 1,500 pairs in his experiments on twins, of which only 200 survived

The twins received blood transfusions and transplants internal organs(often from a pair of other twins), dye segments were injected into the eyes (to test whether brown Jewish eyes could become blue Aryan eyes). Many experiments were carried out without anesthesia. The children screamed and begged for mercy, but nothing could stop Mengele.

The idea is primary, the life of the “little people” is secondary. Dr. Mengele dreamed of revolutionizing the world (in particular the world of genetics) with his discoveries.

So the Angel of Death decided to create Siamese twins by stitching together gypsy twins. The children suffered terrible torment and blood poisoning began.

Joseph Mengele with a colleague at the Institute of Anthropology, Human Genetics and Eugenics. Kaiser Wilhelm. Late 1930s.

While doing terrible things and conducting inhuman experiments on people, Joseph Mengele everywhere hides behind science and his idea. At the same time, many of his experiments were not only inhumane, but also meaningless, not bringing any discovery to science. Experiments for the sake of experiments, torture, infliction of pain.

The Ovitz and Shlomowitz families and 168 twins enjoyed their long-awaited freedom. The children ran towards their saviors, crying and hugging. Is the nightmare over? No, he will now haunt the survivors for the rest of his life. When they feel bad or when they are sick, the ominous shadow of the mad Doctor Death and the horrors of Auschwitz will appear to them again. It was as if time had turned back and they were back in their 10th barracks.

Auschwitz, children in a camp liberated by the Red Army, 1945.

Fascist Germany, in addition to starting the Second World War, is also notorious for its concentration camps, as well as the horrors that happened there. The horror of the Nazi camp system consisted not only of terror and arbitrariness, but also of the colossal experiments on people that were carried out there. Scientific research was carried out on a grand scale, and its goals were so varied that it would take a long time to even name them.

In German concentration camps, scientific hypotheses were tested and various biomedical technologies were tested on living “human material”. War time dictated its priorities, so doctors were primarily interested in practical use scientific theories. For example, the possibility of maintaining people’s working capacity under conditions of excessive stress, blood transfusions with different Rh factors were studied, and new drugs were tested.

Among these monstrous experiments are pressure tests, experiments on hypothermia, the development of a vaccine against typhus, experiments with malaria, gas, sea water, poisons, sulfanilamide, sterilization experiments and many others.

In 1941, experiments were carried out with hypothermia. They were led by Dr. Rascher under the direct supervision of Himmler. The experiments were carried out in two stages. At the first stage, they found out what temperature a person could withstand and for how long, and the second stage was to determine ways to restore the human body after frostbite. To conduct such experiments, prisoners were taken out in winter without clothes for the whole night or placed in ice water. Hypothermia experiments were carried out exclusively on men to simulate the conditions experienced by German soldiers on the Eastern Front, since the Nazis were ill-prepared for winter period time. For example, in one of the first experiments, prisoners were lowered into a container of water, the temperature of which ranged from 2 to 12 degrees, wearing pilot suits. At the same time, they were put on life jackets, which kept them afloat. As a result of the experiment, Rascher found that attempts to bring a person caught in ice water back to life are practically zero if the cerebellum was overcooled. This was the reason for the development of a special vest with a headrest that covered the back of the head and prevented the back of the head from plunging into the water.

The same Dr. Rascher in 1942 began conducting experiments on prisoners using pressure changes. Thus, doctors tried to establish how much air pressure a person could withstand and for how long. To conduct the experiment, a special pressure chamber was used, in which the pressure was regulated. There were 25 people in it at the same time. The purpose of these experiments was to help pilots and skydivers at high altitudes. According to one of the doctor's reports, the experiment was carried out on a 37-year-old Jew who was in good health. physical fitness. Half an hour after the start of the experiment, he died.

200 prisoners took part in the experiment, 80 of them died, the rest were simply killed.

The Nazis also made large-scale preparations for the use of bacteriological agents. The emphasis was mainly on fast-acting diseases, plague, anthrax, typhus, that is, diseases that short time could cause mass infections and death of the enemy.

The Third Reich had large reserves of typhus bacteria. In the event of their mass use, it was necessary to develop a vaccine to disinfect the Germans. On behalf of the government, Dr. Paul began developing a vaccine against typhus. The first to experience the effects of vaccines were the prisoners of Buchenwald. In 1942, 26 Roma, who had previously been vaccinated, were infected with typhus there. As a result, 6 people died from progression of the disease. This result did not satisfy the management, since the mortality rate was high. Therefore, research was continued in 1943. And already on next year The improved vaccine was again tested in humans. But this time the victims of vaccination were prisoners of the Natzweiler camp. Dr. Chrétien conducted the experiments. 80 gypsies were selected for the experiment. They were infected with typhus in two ways: by injection and by airborne droplets. Of the total number of test subjects, only 6 people became infected, but even such a small number were not provided with any medical care. In 1944, all 80 people who were involved in the experiment either died from the disease or were shot by concentration camp guards.

In addition, other cruel experiments were carried out on prisoners in the same Buchenwald. So, in 1943-1944, experiments with incendiary mixtures were carried out there. Their goal was to solve problems associated with bomb explosions, when soldiers received phosphorus burns. Mostly Russian prisoners were used for these experiments.

Experiments with the genitals were also carried out here in order to identify the causes of homosexuality. They involved not only homosexuals, but also men of traditional orientation. One of the experiments was genital transplantation.

Also in Buchenwald, experiments were carried out to infect prisoners with yellow fever, diphtheria, smallpox, and also used poisonous substances. For example, to study the effect of poisons on human body, they were added to prisoners' food. As a result, some of the victims died, and some were immediately shot for autopsies. In 1944, all participants in this experiment were shot using poison bullets.

A series of experiments were also carried out at the Dachau concentration camp. Thus, back in 1942, some prisoners aged 20 to 45 were infected with malaria. In total, 1,200 people were infected. Permission to conduct the experiment was obtained by the leader, Dr. Pletner, directly from Himmler. The victims were bitten by malarial mosquitoes, and, in addition, they were also infused with sporozoans, which were taken from mosquitoes. For treatment, quinine, antipyrine, pyramidon, as well as a special medicinal product, which was called "2516-Bering". As a result, approximately 40 people died from malaria, about 400 died from complications of the disease, and another number died from excessive doses of medication.

Here, in Dachau, in 1944, experiments were carried out to convert sea water into drinking water. For the experiments, 90 gypsies were used, who were completely deprived of food and forced to drink only sea ​​water.

No less terrible experiments were carried out at the Auschwitz concentration camp. Thus, in particular, throughout the entire period of the war, sterilization experiments were carried out there, the purpose of which was to identify quick and effective way sterilization large quantity people without great time and physical costs. During the experiment, thousands of people were sterilized. The procedure was carried out using surgery, x-rays and various medications. At first, injections with iodine or silver nitrate were used, but this method had a large amount side effects. Therefore, irradiation was more preferable. Scientists have found that a certain amount x-rays can prevent the human body from producing eggs and sperm. During the experiments, a large number of prisoners received radiation burns.

The experiments with twins conducted by Dr. Mengele in the Auschwitz concentration camp were particularly cruel. Before the war, he worked on genetics, so twins were especially “interesting” to him.

Mengele personally sorted the “human material”: the most interesting, in his opinion, were sent for experiments, the less hardy - for labor work, and the rest - into the gas chamber.

The experiment involved 1,500 pairs of twins, of which only 200 survived. Mengele conducted experiments on changing eye color by making injections chemicals, resulting in complete or temporary blindness. He also attempted to "create Siamese twins" by sewing twins together. In addition, he experimented with infecting one of the twins with an infection, after which he performed autopsies on both to compare the affected organs.

When Soviet troops approached Auschwitz, the doctor managed to escape to Latin America.

There were also experiments in another German concentration camp - Ravensbrück. The experiments used women who were injected with bacteria of tetanus, staphylococcus, and gas gangrene. The purpose of the experiments was to determine the effectiveness of sulfonamide drugs.

The prisoners were given incisions, where shards of glass or metal were placed, and then bacteria were planted. After infection, the subjects were carefully monitored, recording changes in temperature and other signs of infection. In addition, experiments in transplantology and traumatology were conducted here. Women were deliberately mutilated, and to make it more convenient to monitor the healing process, sections of the body were cut out to the bone. Moreover, their limbs were often amputated, which were then taken to a neighboring camp and sewn on to other prisoners.

Not only did the Nazis abuse prisoners of concentration camps, but they also conducted experiments on “true Aryans.” Thus, a large burial was recently discovered, which was initially mistaken for Scythian remains. However, it was later established that there were German soldiers in the grave. The discovery horrified archaeologists: some of the bodies were decapitated, others had their shinbones sawn apart, and others had holes along the spine. It was also found that during life people were exposed to chemicals, and incisions were clearly visible in many skulls. As it later turned out, these were victims of experiments by the Ahnenerbe, a secret organization of the Third Reich that was engaged in the creation of a superman.

Since it was immediately obvious that such experiments would involve a large number of casualties, Himmler took responsibility for all deaths. He did not consider all these horrors to be murder, because, according to him, concentration camp prisoners are not people.

The Third Reich is the most mysterious empire of the twentieth century. Until now, humanity shudders to comprehend the secrets of the greatest criminal adventure of all time. We have collected for you the most mysterious experiments of scientists of the Third Reich.

Some of these experiments are so terrible that sometimes just the thought that flashes through our heads about it gives us goosebumps.

It’s hard to believe that there were people who didn’t put the lives of other people at a penny, laughed at their suffering, crippled the fate of entire families, and killed children.

Thank God that in our time there are those who can protect us from the modern manifestation of this cruelty, if you support this, we are waiting for your comment.

Along with design nuclear weapons, in the Third Reich, research and experiments were carried out on animals and humans as a biological unit. Namely, Nazi experiments were carried out on people, their endurance nervous system and physical capabilities.

Doctors have always had a special attitude; they were considered the saviors of humanity. Even in ancient times, witch doctors and healers were revered, believing that they had special healing power. That's why modern humanity shocked by the Nazis' outrageous medical experiments.

The wartime priorities were not only rescue, but also the preservation of people’s working capacity in extreme conditions, the possibility of blood transfusions with different Rh factors, and new drugs were tested. Great importance was devoted to experiments to combat hypothermia. The German army, which took part in the war on the eastern front, turned out to be completely unprepared for the climatic conditions of the northern part of the USSR. A huge number of soldiers and officers suffered serious frostbite or even died from the winter cold.

Doctors under the leadership of Dr. Sigmund Rascher dealt with this problem in the Dachau and Auschwitz concentration camps. Reich Minister Heinrich Himmler personally showed great interest in these experiments (the Nazi experiments on people were very similar to the atrocities of the Japanese Unit 731). At a medical conference held in 1942 to study medical problems associated with work in the northern seas and highlands, Dr. Rascher published the results of his experiments conducted on concentration camp prisoners. His experiments concerned two sides - how long a person can stay under low temperatures without dying, and in what ways it can then be reanimated. To answer these questions, thousands of prisoners were immersed in icy water in winter or lay naked and tied to stretchers in the cold.

To find out at what body temperature a person dies, young Slavic or Jewish men were immersed naked in a tank of ice water close to “0” degrees. To measure a prisoner's body temperature, a sensor was inserted into the prisoner's rectum using a probe that had an expandable metal ring at the end, which was pushed open inside the rectum to hold the sensor firmly in place.

It took a huge number of victims to find out that death finally occurs when body temperature drops to 25 degrees. They simulated German pilots getting into the waters of the Northern Arctic Ocean. With the help of inhumane experiments, it was found that hypothermia of the occipital lower part of the head contributes to faster death. This knowledge led to the creation of life jackets with a special headrest that prevents the head from immersing in water.

Sigmund Rascher during hypothermia experiments

To quickly warm up the victim, inhuman torture was also used. For example, we tried to warm up frozen people using ultraviolet lamps, trying to determine the exposure time at which the skin begins to burn. The method of “internal irrigation” was also used. At the same time, water heated to “bubbles” was injected into the test subject’s stomach, rectum and bladder using probes and a catheter. All victims died from such treatment, without exception. The most effective method turned out to be placing a frozen body in water and gradually heating this water. But it died great amount prisoners before it was concluded that heating must be sufficiently slow. At the suggestion of Himmler personally, attempts were made to warm the frozen man with the help of women who warmed the man and copulated with him. This kind of treatment had some success, but, of course, not with critical temperatures cooling...

Dr. Rascher also conducted experiments to determine from what maximum height pilots could jump out of an airplane with a parachute and survive. He conducted experiments on prisoners, simulating atmospheric pressure at an altitude of up to 20 thousand meters and the effect free fall without oxygen cylinder. Of the 200 experimental prisoners, 70 died. It is terrible that these experiments were completely meaningless and did not provide any practical benefit for German aviation.

Research in the field of genetics was very important for the fascist regime. The goal of the fascist doctors was to find evidence of the superiority of the Aryan race over others. A true Aryan had to be athletically built with correct body proportions, be blond and have blue eyes. So that blacks, Latin Americans, Jews, gypsies, and at the same time, simply homosexuals, could in no way prevent the accession of the chosen race, they were simply destroyed...

For those entering into marriage, the German leadership demanded that a whole list of conditions be met and full testing be carried out in order to guarantee the racial purity of children born in marriage. The conditions were very strict, and violation was punishable by up to death penalty. No exceptions were made for anyone.

Thus, the legal wife of Dr. Z. Rascher, whom we mentioned earlier, was infertile, and the married couple adopted two children. Later, the Gestapo conducted an investigation and Z. Fischer’s wife was executed for this crime. So the killer doctor was overtaken by punishment from those people to whom he was fanatically devoted.

In the book by journalist O. Erradon “Black Order. The Pagan Army of the Third Reich" talks about the existence of several programs to preserve the purity of the race. In Nazi Germany, “mercy death” was widely used everywhere - this is a type of euthanasia, the victims of which were disabled children and the mentally ill. All doctors and midwives were required to report newborns with Down syndrome, any physical deformities, cerebral palsy, etc. The parents of such newborns were pressured to send their children to “death centers” scattered throughout Germany.

To prove racial superiority, Nazi medical scientists conducted countless experiments measuring the skulls of people belonging to various nationalities. The scientists' task was to determine external signs, distinguishing the master race, and, accordingly, the ability to detect and correct defects that do occur from time to time. In the cycle of these studies, Dr. Joseph Mengele, who was involved in experiments on twins in Auschwitz, is notorious. He personally screened thousands of arriving prisoners, sorting them into "interesting" or "uninteresting" for his experiments. The “uninteresting” were sent to die in gas chambers, and the “interesting” had to envy those who found their death so quickly.

Test subjects were expected terrible torture. Dr. Mengele was especially interested in pairs of twins. It is known that he conducted experiments on 1,500 pairs of twins, and only 200 pairs survived. Many were killed immediately so that a comparative anatomical analysis could be carried out during autopsy. And in some cases, Mengele inoculated various diseases into one of the twins, so that later, having killed both, he could see the difference between the healthy and the sick.

Much attention was paid to the issue of sterilization. Candidates for this were all people with hereditary physical or mental illnesses, as well as various hereditary pathologies, these included not only blindness and deafness, but also alcoholism. In addition to the victims of sterilization within the country, the problem of the population of enslaved countries arose.

The Nazis were looking for ways to sterilize large numbers of people as cheaply and quickly as possible without causing workers long-term disability. Research in this area was led by Dr. Carl Clauberg.

In the Auschwitz, Ravensbrück and other concentration camps, thousands of prisoners were exposed to various medical chemicals, surgical operations, radiography. Almost all of them became disabled and lost the opportunity to procreate. The chemical treatments used were injections of iodine and silver nitrate, which were indeed very effective, but caused many side effects, including cervical cancer, severe abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding.

The method of radiation exposure of experimental subjects turned out to be more “profitable”. It turned out that a small dose of X-rays can provoke infertility in the human body, men stop producing sperm, and women’s bodies do not produce eggs. The result of this series of experiments was radioactive overdose and even radioactive burns for many prisoners.

From the winter of 1943 to the autumn of 1944, experiments were conducted in the Buchenwald concentration camp on the effects of various poisons on the human body. They were mixed into the prisoners' food and the reaction was observed. Some victims were allowed to die, some were killed by guards at various stages of poisoning, which made it possible to conduct an autopsy and monitor how the poison gradually spreads and affects the body. In the same camp, a search was conducted for a vaccine against the bacteria typhus, yellow fever, diphtheria, and smallpox, for which prisoners were first vaccinated with experimental vaccines and then infected with the disease.

Buchenwald prisoners were also experimented with incendiary mixtures in an attempt to find a way to treat soldiers who received phosphorus burns from bomb explosions. The experiments with homosexuals were truly horrific. The regime considered non-traditional sexual orientation a disease and doctors were looking for ways to treat it. The experiments involved not only homosexuals, but also men of traditional orientation. Treatment included castration, removal of the genital organ, and transplantation of the genital organs. A certain doctor Vaernet tried to treat homosexuality with the help of his invention - an artificially created “gland” that was implanted into prisoners and which was supposed to supply male hormones to the body. It is clear that all these experiments did not bring results.

From the beginning of 1942 to the middle of 1945, in the Dachau concentration camp, German doctors under the leadership of Kurt Pletner conducted research to create a method of treating malaria. Physically selected for the experiment healthy people and infected them using not only malaria mosquitoes, but also by introducing sporozoans isolated from mosquitoes. Quinine, drugs such as antipyrine, pyramidon, and also a special experimental drug “2516-Bering” were used for treatment. As a result of the experiments, about 40 people died directly from malaria, and more than 400 died from complications after the disease or from excessive doses of medications.

During 1942-1943, in the Ravensbrück concentration camp, the effects of antibacterial drugs were tested on prisoners. Prisoners were deliberately shot and then infected with anaerobic gangrene, tetanus and streptococcus bacteria. To complicate the experiment, crushed glass and metal or wood shavings. The resulting inflammation was treated with sulfanilamide and other drugs, determining their effectiveness.

Experiments in transplantology and traumatology were conducted in the same camp. Intentionally mutilating people's bones, doctors cut out sections of skin and muscle down to the bone, so that it would be more convenient to observe the healing process of bone tissue. They also cut off the limbs of some experimental subjects and tried to reattach them to others. Nazi medical experiments were led by Karl Franz Gebhardt.

On Nuremberg trials, which took place after the end of the Second World War, twenty doctors stood trial. The investigation showed that they were, at their core, true serial killers. Seven of them were sentenced to death, five received life imprisonment, four were acquitted, and four more doctors were sentenced to prison terms. different terms- from ten to twenty years of imprisonment. Unfortunately, not everyone involved in the inhumane experiments received retribution. Many of them remained free and lived long lives, unlike their victims.