Official statistics of HIV and AIDS in Russia (latest data). AIDS in Russia

Many countries assess HIV infection as the main problem in the formation of a healthy nation throughout the world. Depending on the economic state of the state, the ability to quickly and accurately detect infected people, timely high-quality treatment of patients, as well as public awareness of the dangers of the disease and prevention methods, the indicator that determines in which country the incidence of HIV (AIDS) is highest.

The popularity of the state in the world community and economic growth in the 21st century depend on this indicator. Many highly developed countries do not allow entry into their territory without passing the appropriate test, which indicates that the government is interested in the health of its population. IN Russian Federation Every year, every working person is required to take a test to determine the retrovirus in the blood. This allows you to control the disease and take appropriate measures to prevent immunodeficiency. For example, in Belarus, when crossing a border checkpoint, you must document your HIV-negativity. But in Europe this document is not always required. In any case, when traveling to another country, you must have such data with you, which is valid for 3 months.

Countries are divided into 3 levels based on the number of HIV-infected people:

1. States in which the AIDS pathogen is transmitted among men - homo- and bisexuals, drug addicts who use intravenous potent substances. These include the USA, Brazil, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mexico, Great Britain, Turkey. These countries have a high rate of infected people per 100 thousand population, which ranges from 53 to 246 patients, depending on the region.
2. The disease occurs among heterosexuals when the pathogen is transmitted sexually through contact with a prostitute. At the same time, there is a high degree of possibility of infection in people who have many sexual partners. Often such patients are also exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. Similar regions include Asian countries and of Eastern Europe. They have a relatively low rate of retrovirus infections, which ranges from 20 to 50 patients per 100 thousand population.
3. In China, Japan, Nigeria, and Egypt, the incidence of HIV infection is lower than in other countries of the world. Here the disease is considered imported and is observed most often in prostitutes and people who use their services. These countries have a low infection rate, which ranges from 6 to 16 patients per hundred thousand citizens.

Countries intensively infected with HIV pose a great danger to the world's population. Statistics from such countries show that the incidence of immunodeficiency is growing every year. This suggests that the country is either not fighting AIDS, or the actions taken are not effective. There is a list that includes the most dangerous countries for HIV transmission. The rating below shows the level of danger in them:

1. SOUTH AFRICA. Has the most high degree infection of the population with a retrovirus. It is believed that approximately a quarter of the population is affected by immunodeficiency. There are 5.6 million AIDS patients here. The state has a mortality rate from HIV of about 1 million people per year, 15% of the total number of citizens are infected.
2. India. AIDS has affected 2.4 million people here. In the country, the mortality index from immunodeficiency varies from 1% to 2% per year, the number of HIV-infected people is 10-12% of the population.
3. Kenya has the lowest rate of HIV (AIDS) in Africa. Statistics indicate 1.5 million patients. The country has a mortality index from a retrovirus of 0.75 million people, 7.5% of the population is infected with this pathogen.
4. Tanzania, Mozambique. There are 0.99-0.34 million people with AIDS here, depending on the region. These countries have a mortality rate from immunodeficiency of 0.2-0.5 million citizens per year, 8-12% of the population is infected.
5. USA, Uganda, Nigeria, Zambia, Zimbabwe. There are 1.2 million people with AIDS. These countries have a total HIV mortality rate of 0.3-0.4 million people per year, 5% of the population is infected.
6. Russia. There are 0.98 million people living with HIV in Russia. The mortality rate from AIDS reaches a level of slightly less than 3-4% of all cases. The most HIV-infected city in Russia is Yekaterinburg. It is believed that one in 50 city residents is infected with the retrovirus.
7. Uzbekistan. 32,743 people are affected by the infection in Uzbekistan. Of these, 57% are men.
8. Azerbaijan. The number of HIV (AIDS) patients in Azerbaijan is 131 people. Of these, 36 are women and 95 are men.
9. United Arab Emirates. IN Lately The detection of HIV infection among Arabs has increased. According to the latest data, the incidence index is 350-370 thousand per 367 million population.

HIV (AIDS) in Kazakhstan

According to the latest report, HIV infections in Kazakhstan account for 0.01%. At the end of 2016, 22,474 cases of infection were registered. 16,530 people with AIDS have been identified. Among the total number, infected men make up 69%, women - 31%. Although females make up a smaller share among those infected, their number is gradually growing. The government is actively involved in HIV (AIDS) treatment in Kazakhstan. The effectiveness of the program is evidenced by:

increasing the number of early detection of patients;

an increase in the number of patients who received antiretroviral therapy;

reduction in the birth rate of infected children.

HIV in the USA

The number of people living with HIV in the United States is growing every year. The country has a high level of economy, which contributes to the early detection of infected people and the appointment of adequate treatment in the initial stages of the disease. This helps reduce the aggressiveness of the virus, prolong life and improve its quality.

How many people are infected with HIV in the USA? In America, immunodeficiency is more common among homosexuals. It is believed that there are about 2.6 million carriers of the infection living in the United States. But the high level of medical care allows such patients to be well taken care of, making their lives the same as those of healthy people.

How common is HIV in Russia?

AIDS in Russia has not yet achieved epidemic status, but growing rates indicate the possibility of rapid progression of infection among people in the country. HIV infection in Russia is considered one of the most dangerous pathologies, because there is no vaccine to prevent it, and only self-awareness of citizens can lead to a decrease in the incidence rate.

Where did AIDS come to Russia? The first confirmed case of immunodeficiency was discovered in Moscow in the family of a long-distance sailor. After a 9-month business trip to hot countries, he is already in hometown was hospitalized with Pneumocystis pneumonia, which very often affects infected people due to a decrease in the barrier function of the immune system. The examination revealed human immunodeficiency virus. The man died a few months later, and his family had to move to the other end of the country and change their last names so that ill-wishers would not find them.

Since this period, the level of HIV incidence in Russia has been gradually increasing, violating standard indicators of public health and reducing its working capacity.

How many HIV-infected people are there in Russia? At the end of 2016, the quantitative index among those infected with the retrovirus was 0.98 million. This number is considered one of the lowest in the world, while AIDS mortality in the Russian Federation remains stable at an average level. In the regions of Russia, the situation with HIV incidence is different. This is due to several factors:

1. Religiosity.
2. Population of the region.
3. Economic significance.
4. Quality medical equipment and service.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) in Russia? The largest figure is in the Ural Federal District. The incidence rate is the highest numerically among other regions of the country. It is 757.2 infected per 100 thousand population.

The Siberian Federal District has an incidence index of 532 infected people per 100 thousand citizens. Volga Federal District - 424 patients for the same number of population.

Among all federal districts In the country, the lowest indicator is in the North Caucasus Federal District, where the level is 58 people per 100 thousand population.

The number of AIDS patients in Russia in the Far Eastern Federal District is 172 infected. How many people suffer from HIV (AIDS) in Russia in the Northwestern region? The incidence index in this district is 407 patients per 100 thousand population.

The number of HIV and AIDS-infected people in Russia is progressing upward every year, so only prevention measures can reduce the incidence among citizens of the Russian Federation.

Thanks to the standards of immunodeficiency treatment, state program According to detection and therapeutic assistance, the number of patients with HIV infection (AIDS) in Russia has decreased slightly. The rate of births of infected children has decreased, which indicates the early detection of the retrovirus in pregnant women and the provision of correct and effective treatment to them.

Thanks to the simplification of testing for retroviruses and constant screening of the population, the dynamics of HIV disease in Russia tends to reduce mortality rates. Some facts indicate that the number of carriers of the pathogen is increasing. But upon closer examination, it turns out that the number of citizens examined is growing every year, and this leads to an overestimation of the absolute incidence rate.

There is no need to be afraid that there are a million HIV-infected people in Russia. If you adhere to basic personal hygiene and prevention methods, the risk of infection approaches zero. Need to know that the best means protection against retrovirus infection are barrier contraceptives and sterile instruments.

Basic indicators

At the beginning of 2017, the total number of cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens reached 1,114,815 people ( in the world - 36.7 million HIV-infected people, incl. 2.1 million CHILDREN). Of these died various reasons(not only from AIDS, but from all causes) 243,863 HIV-infected (according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures for the prevention of HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients”). In December 2016, 870,952 Russians were living with a diagnosis of HIV infection.

As of July 1, 2017, the number of HIV-infected people in Russia amounted to 1,167,581 people, of which 259,156 people died for various reasons (in the first half of 2017, 14,631 HIV-infected people had already died, which is 13.6% more, than in 6 months of 2016). The rate of HIV infection among the population of the Russian Federation in 2017 was 795.3 people infected with HIV per 100 thousand of the population of Russia.

In 2016, 103,438 new cases of HIV infection were identified among Russian citizens ( 1.8 million in the world), which is 5.3% more than in 2015. Since 2005, the country has registered an increase in the number of newly identified cases of HIV infection; in 2011-2016, the annual increase averaged 10%.

The incidence rate of HIV infection in 2016 was 70.6 per 100 thousand population.

In terms of the growth rate of HIV infection, Russia has taken 3rd place after the Republic of South Africa and Nigeria.* (V.V. Pokrovsky).

*/approx. the statement is ambiguous, because not all countries estimate equally well the number of HIV-infected people, who also need to be identified for money (for example, in Ukraine, Moldova, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, where there is hardly enough money to screen the population for HIV.

In addition, judging by the identification of a huge number of HIV-infected guest workers, the prevalence of HIV in these countries is several times higher than in the Russian Federation)/.

During the first half of 2017, 52,766 HIV-infected Russian citizens were identified in Russia. The incidence rate of HIV infection in the first half of 2017 was 35.9 cases of HIV infection per 100 thousand population.

The most new cases in 2017 were detected in the Kemerovo, Irkutsk, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tomsk, Tyumen regions, as well as in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.

Video. Incidence in Russia, March - May 2017.

An increase in the growth rate of new cases of HIV infection in 2017 (but the overall incidence of HIV infection is low) is observed in the Vologda region, Tyva, Mordovia, Karachay-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Moscow, Vladimir, Tambov, Yaroslavl, Sakhalin and Kirov regions.

Growth in the total (cumulative) number of registered cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens from 1987 to 2016.

The growing number of HIV-infected Russians from 1987 to 2016.

HIV in regions and cities

In 2016, the following regions and cities were leaders in terms of morbidity rates in the Russian Federation:

1. Kemerovo region(228.8 new cases of HIV infection were registered per 100 thousand population - a total of 6,217 HIV-infected people), incl. in the city of Kemerovo there are 1,876 HIV-infected people.

2. Irkutsk region(163.6%000 - 3,951 HIV-infected). In 2017, 1,784 new HIV-infected people were identified in the Irkutsk region over 5 months. In 2016, 2,450 new HIV infections were registered in the city of Irkutsk, and 1,107 in 2017. Almost 2% of the population of the Irkutsk region are infected with HIV.

3. Samara Region(161.5%000 - 5,189 HIV-infected, including 1,201 HIV-infected in the city of Samara), for 7 months of 2017 - 1,184 people. (59.8%000).

4. Sverdlovsk region(156.9%000 - 6,790 HIV-infected), incl. in the city of Yekaterinburg there are 5,874 HIV-infected people (the most HIV-infected city in Russia / or are they well identified? ed./).

5. Chelyabinsk region(154.0%000 - 5,394 HIV-infected),

Tyumen region(150.5% 000 - 2,224 people - 1.1% of the population), in the first half of 2017, 1,019 new cases of HIV infection were identified in the Tyumen region (an increase of 14.4% compared to the same period last year year, then 891 HIV-infected people were registered), incl. 3 teenagers. The Tyumen region is one of the regions where HIV infection is recognized as an epidemic.

6. Tomsk region(138.0%000 - 1,489 people),

7. Novosibirsk region(137.1% 000) region (3,786 people), incl. in the city of Novosibirsk there are 3,213 HIV-infected people.

8. Krasnoyarsk region(129.5%000 - 3,716 people),

9. Perm region(125.1%000 - 3,294 people),

10. Altai region(114.1% 000 - 2,721 people) region,

11. Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug- Yugra (124.7% 000 - 2,010 people, every 92nd resident is infected),

12. Orenburg region(117.6%000 - 2,340 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 650 people. (32.7%000).

13. Omsk region(110.3% 000 - 2,176 people), over 8 months of 2017, 1,360 cases were identified, the incidence rate was 68.8% 000.

14. Kurgan region(110.1%000 - 958 people),

15. Ulyanovsk region(97.2% 000 - 1,218 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 325 people. (25.9%000).

16. Tver region(74.0%000 - 973 people),

17. Nizhny Novgorod Region(71.1% 000 - 2,309 people) region, in 1 sq. 2017 - 613 people. (18.9%000).

18. Republic of Crimea(83.0%000 - 1,943 people),

19. Khakassia(82.7%000 - 445 people),

20. Udmurtia(75.1%000 - 1,139 people),

21. Bashkortostan(68.3%000 - 2,778 people), in 1 quarter. 2017 - 688 people. (16.9%000).

22. Moscow(62.2%000 - 7,672 people)

%000 is the number of HIV-infected people per 100 thousand population.

Table No. 1.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection by regions and regions of Russia (TOP). Interactive table with sorting capabilities.

How many HIV-infected people have been identified in the regions of the Russian Federation?

What is the incidence rate in the regions per 100 thousand population.

Kemerovo region	6217	228,8
Irkutsk region	3951	163,6
Samara Region	5189	161,5
Sverdlovsk region	6790	156,9
Chelyabinsk region	5394	154,0
Tyumen region	2224	150,5
Tomsk	1489	138,0
Novosibirsk	3786	137,1
Krasnoyarsk	3716	129,5
Permian	3294	125,1
Altaic	2721	114,1
KHMAO	2010	124,7
Orenburgskaya	2340	117,6
Omsk	2176	110,3
Kurganskaya	958	110,1
Ulyanovskaya	1218	97,2
Tverskaya	973	74,0
Nizhny Novgorod	2309	71,1
Republic of Crimea	1943	83,0
Khakassia	445	82,7
Udmurtia	1139	75,1
Bashkortostan	2778	68,3

Table No. 2.

The number of HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection in Russian cities (TOP). How many HIV-infected people have been identified in Russian cities?

HIV incidence rates in Russian cities.

Ekaterinburg	5874	406,7
Irkutsk	2450	393,0
Kemerovo	1876	339,2
Novosibirsk	3213	202,8
Samara	1201	102,6
Moscow	7672	62,2

Leading cities in terms of the number of identified HIV-infected people and the incidence of HIV infection: Yekaterinburg, Irkutsk, Kemerovo, Novosibirsk and Samara.

The subjects of the Russian Federation most affected by HIV infection.

The most significant growth (rate, growth rate of new HIV cases per unit time) of incidence in 2016 was observed in the Republic of Crimea, Karachay-Cherkess Republic, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory, Belgorod, Yaroslavl, Arkhangelsk regions, Sevastopol, Chuvash, Kabardino-Balkarian Republics, Stavropol Territory, Astrakhan region, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Samara region and the Jewish Autonomous Region.

Number of newly identified cases of HIV infection among Russian citizens in 1987-2016

Distribution of the number of new HIV cases by year (1987-2016).

The prevalence of HIV infection in the Russian population as of December 31, 2016 was 594.3 per 100 thousand people.

Cases of HIV infection have been registered in all regions of the Russian Federation. In 2017, the incidence rate was 795.3 per 100 thousand.

A high incidence of HIV infection (more than 0.5% of the entire population) was registered in the 30 largest and predominantly economically successful regions, where 45.3% of the country's population lived.

Dynamics of HIV prevalence and incidence rates in the population of the Russian Federation in 1987-2016.

Incidence and prevalence of HIV in the Russian Federation.

The most affected constituent entities of the Russian Federation include:

Sverdlovsk region (1,647.9% of 000 people living with HIV are registered per 100 thousand population - 71,354 people. In 2017, there are already about 86 thousand people infected with HIV), including in the city of Yekaterinburg more than 27,131 HIV-infected people are registered, i.e. . Every 50th city resident is infected with HIV - this is a real epidemic. Serov (1454.2% 000 - 1556 people). 1.5 percent of the population of the city of Serov is infected with HIV.

1. Irkutsk region (1636.0%000 - 39473 people). In total, 49,494 people were identified as HIV-infected at the beginning of 2017; at the beginning of June (almost six months) of 2017, 51,278 people were registered with a diagnosis of HIV infection. Over the entire period, more than 31,818 people were identified in the city of Irkutsk.

2. Kemerovo region(1582.5%000 - 43000 people), including in the city of Kemerovo more than 10,125 patients with HIV infection are registered.

3. Samara Region(1476.9%000 - 47350 people),

4. Orenburg region(1217.0%000 - 24276 people) regions,

5. (1201.7%000 - 19550 people),

6. Leningrad region(1147.3%000 - 20410 people),

7. Tyumen region(1085.4% 000 - 19,768 people), as of July 1, 2017 - 20,787 people.

8. Chelyabinsk region(1079.6%000 - 37794 people),

9. Novosibirsk region(1021.9%000 - 28227 people) region. As of May 19, 2017, more than 34 thousand HIV-infected people were registered in the city of Novosibirsk - every 47 residents of Novosibirsk have HIV (!). As of August 1, 2017, 34,879 people infected with HIV were registered in the Novosibirsk region.

10. Perm region(950.1%000 - 25030 people) - Berezniki, Krasnokamsk and Perm are mostly severely affected by HIV,

11. Saint Petersburg(978.6%000 - 51140 people),

12. Ulyanovsk region(932.5%000 - 11728 people),

13. Republic of Crimea(891.4%000 - 17000 people),

14. Altai region(852.8%000 - 20268 people),

15. Krasnoyarsk region(836.4%000 - 23970 people),

16. Kurgan region(744.8%000 - 6419 people),

17. Tver region(737.5%000 - 9622 people),

18. Tomsk region(727.4%000 - 7832 people),

19. Ivanovo region(722.5%000 - 7440 people),

20. Omsk region(644.0%000 - 12741 people), as of September 1, 2017, 16,275 cases of HIV infection were registered, the incidence rate was 823.0%000.

21. Murmansk region(638.2%000 - 4864 people),

22. Moscow region(629.3%000 - 46056 people),

23. Kaliningrad region(608.4%000 - 5941 people).

24. Moscow(413.0%000 - 50909 people)

Table No. 3.

Rating of Russian regions according to the prevalence of HIV infection in the population. The number of HIV-infected people identified in different territories of the Russian Federation in absolute numbers and calculated per 100 thousand population of the represented region.

Sverdlovsk region	1647,9	71354
Irkutsk region	1636,0	39473
Kemerovo region	1582,5	43000
Samara Region	1476,9	47350
Orenburg region	1217,0	24276
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug	1201,7	19550
Leningrad region	1147,3	20410
Tyumen region	1085,4	19768
Chelyabinsk region	1079,6	37794
Novosibirsk region	1021,9	28227
Perm region	950,1	25030
Ulyanovsk region	932,5	11728
Republic of Crimea	891,4	17000
Altai region	852,8	20268
Krasnoyarsk region	836,4	23970
Kurgan region	744,8	6419
Tver region	737,5	9622
Tomsk region	727,4	7832
Ivanovo region	722,5	7440
Omsk region	644,0	12741
Murmansk region	638,2	4864
Moscow region	629,3	46056
Kaliningrad region	608,4	5941

Age structure

The highest level of HIV infection in the population is observed in the group of 30-39 years old; 2.8% of Russian men aged 35-39 years lived with an established diagnosis of HIV infection.

Women become infected with HIV at a younger age; already in the age group of 25-29 years, about 1% were infected with HIV; the proportion of infected women in the age group of 30-34 is even higher - 1.6%.

Over the past 15 years, the age structure among newly diagnosed patients has radically changed.

In 2000, 87% of patients received a diagnosis of HIV infection before age 30.

Adolescents and young people aged 15-20 years accounted for 24.7% of newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection in 2000; as a result of the annual decrease in 2016, this group amounted to only 1.2%.

Diagram. Age and gender of HIV-infected people.

In 2016, HIV infection was predominantly detected in Russians aged 30-40 years (46.9%) and 40-50 years old (19.9%), the proportion of young people aged 20-30 years decreased to 23.2%.

An increase in the proportion of newly identified cases was also observed in older age groups, and cases of sexually transmitted HIV infection in old age have become more frequent.

It should be noted that with a low level of testing coverage among adolescents and young people, more than 1,100 cases of HIV infection are registered annually among persons aged 15-20 years.

According to preliminary data greatest number HIV-infected adolescents (15-17 years old) were registered in 2016 in the Kemerovo, Nizhny Novgorod, Irkutsk, Novosibirsk, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk, Orenburg, Samara regions, Altai, Perm, Krasnoyarsk territories and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main cause of HIV infection among adolescents is unprotected sex with HIV-infected partner (77% of cases among girls, 61% among boys).

Structure of the dead

In 2016, 30,550 (3.4%) patients with HIV infection died in the Russian Federation (10.8% more than in 2015) according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form “Information on measures to prevent HIV infection, hepatitis B and C, identification and treatment of HIV patients.”

The highest annual mortality rate was recorded in the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Republic of Mordovia, the Kemerovo Region, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ulyanovsk Region, the Republic of Adygea, the Tambov Region, the Chukotka Autonomous District, the Chuvash Republic, the Samara Region, the Primorsky Territory, the Tula Region, the Krasnodar Region, Perm region, Kurgan region.

Treatment coverage

In 2016, 675,403 patients infected with HIV were registered at dispensaries in specialized medical organizations, which amounted to 77.5% of the number of 870,952 Russians living with a diagnosis of HIV infection in December 2016, according to the Rospotrebnadzor monitoring form.

In 2016, 285,920 patients received antiretroviral therapy in Russia, including patients in prison.

In the first half of 2017, 298,888 patients received antiretroviral therapy; approximately 100,000 new patients were added to therapy in 2017 (most likely there will not be enough drugs for everyone, since the purchase was based on 2016 figures).

Treatment coverage in 2016 in the Russian Federation was 32.8% of the number of registered persons diagnosed with HIV infection; among those undergoing dispensary observation, 42.3% of patients were covered by antiretroviral therapy.

The achieved treatment coverage does not serve as a preventive measure and does not allow to radically reduce the rate of spread of the disease. The number of patients with active tuberculosis in combination with HIV infection is growing; the largest number of such patients is registered in the regions of the Urals and Siberia.

HIV testing coverage

In 2016, 30,752,828 blood samples of Russian citizens and 2,102,769 blood samples of foreign citizens were tested for HIV in Russia.

The total number of tested serum samples from Russian citizens increased by 8.5% compared to 2015, and among foreign citizens decreased by 12.9%.

In 2016, the maximum number of positive immunoblot results in Russians was detected in the entire history of observation - 125,416 (in 2014 - 121,200 positive results).

The number of positive results in the immunoblot includes those identified anonymously, not included in the statistical data, and children with an undifferentiated diagnosis of HIV infection, and therefore differs significantly from the number of new registered cases of HIV infection.

For the first time, 103,438 patients tested positive for HIV.

Representatives of vulnerable groups of the population in 2016 made up a small part of those screened for HIV in Russia - 4.7%, but 23% of all new cases of HIV infection were identified among these groups.

When testing even a small number of representatives of these groups, it is possible to identify many patients: in 2016, among the examined drug users, 4.3% were diagnosed as HIV-positive for the first time, among MSM - 13.2%, among contact persons during an epidemiological investigation - 6.4%, prisoners - 2.9%, patients with STIs - 0.7%.

Transmission Path Structure

In 2016, the role of sexual transmission of HIV infection increased significantly.

According to preliminary data, among HIV-positive people newly identified in 2016 with established risk factors for infection, 48.8% became infected through drug use with nonsterile equipment, 48.7% through heterosexual contact, 1.5% through homosexual contact, 0.45 % - were children infected - from mothers during pregnancy, childbirth and during breastfeeding.

The number of children infected through breastfeeding is growing: 59 such children were registered in 2016, 47 in 2015, and 41 in 2014.

In 2016, 16 cases of suspected infection were registered in medical organizations due to the use of non-sterile medical instruments and 3 cases of transfusion of blood components from donors to recipients.

Another 4 new cases of HIV infection in children were likely associated with the provision of medical care in the CIS countries.

Diagram. Distribution of HIV-infected people by mode of infection.

conclusions

• In the Russian Federation in 2016, the HIV epidemic situation continued to deteriorate and this unfavorable trend continues in 2017, which may even affect the resumption of the global HIV epidemic, which, according to the UN report in July 2016, has declined.

• The incidence of HIV infection remains high, the total number of HIV carriers and the number of deaths of HIV-infected people is increasing, and the spread of the epidemic from vulnerable groups to the general population has intensified.

• If the current rate of spread of HIV infection continues and there are no adequate systemic measures to prevent its spread, the prognosis for the development of the situation remains unfavorable.

Radical actions by the Russian Government are required to stop trafficking, the spread of drugs and, most difficult, changes in the sexual behavior of the inhabitants of the Russian Federation (scrapes are wonderful, but the number of people practicing abstinence and practicing with one heterosexual sexual partner throughout their lives is a small number and it is impossible to change, p .e. the development of drug methods of pre-exposure prophylaxis with minimal side effects is required (take a pill and do what you want)).

V.V. Pokrovsky about the situation in Russia regarding the incidence of HIV/AIDS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=74&v=kUmU8m31dqw

Of all the countries in the world, the highest growth rate in the number of new cases of HIV infection (human immunodeficiency virus) was recorded in Russia. She stated this while speaking at the US State Department on the occasion of the annual celebration of December 1 world day fight against AIDS, coordinator of global AIDS programs Deborah Birks. She stated that “the largest increase in the number of new HIV infections worldwide is observed in Russia due to an insufficient response in the fight against the breadth and depth of the epidemic in the country.”

She did not provide any numbers or data to support her words. However official statistics confirms these words of a representative of the US State Department. At the beginning of 2017, there were approximately 36.7 million people living with HIV worldwide, mostly in developing countries, including African countries. Of these, Russia accounts for about 900 thousand infected, according to official statistics. The real figures in the Russian Federation, according to domestic experts, are .

In 2016, 1.8 million new infections were recorded worldwide, in other words, about five thousand people become infected with HIV every day on the planet - one every 17 seconds. In Russia, the annual increase in the number of new cases of virus infection is on average 10%: in 2014 - 89,808 cases of new infections, in 2015 - 98,232 new infections, in 2016 - 103,438 cases. And this year will be no exception. Mortality from HIV infection, according to Rosstat, in Russia is also increasing annually: in 2014 - 12,540 deaths, in 2015 - 15,520, in 2016 - 18,575 deaths.

The World Health Organization (WHO), which has been keeping HIV statistics by region since data collection and analysis began in the 1980s, reports that the total number of people infected in the European Region has reached 2,167,684, including 1,114,815 cases reported in Russia.

Over the past year, according to WHO, in the European region it was recorded 160 thousand new cases- this is the maximum in the entire history of observations. The European region is the only one where the number of new infections is increasing. But this does not mean that these ominous data apply to Europe. WHO statistics "for the European Region" unite 53 countries with a population of almost 900 million people - excluding the countries of the European economic zone(EU/EEA) also includes Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Russia.

In the EU countries themselves, only 29 thousand new HIV infections were recorded last year. Russia spoils the “European statistics”, since out of the total regional figure of 160 thousand, more than 103 thousand cases are in our country.

A joint report by WHO and the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) states that this is the most big number cases registered in one year. “If the trend continues, we will not be able to meet the target of stopping the spread of the HIV epidemic by 2030,” says Zsuzsanna Jakab, WHO Regional Director for Europe.

Russia also recorded the highest incidence rates in 2016 - 70.6 cases per 100,000 population, in Ukraine this figure was 33.7 per 100 thousand, in Belarus - 25.2, in Moldova - 20.5. The number of new cases of HIV infection diagnosed in Russia and Ukraine is 73% of the number of infections in the European Region and 92% of total number in the east of the European region.

In 2014, more than 142,000 new cases of HIV infection were recorded in the European region (of which 89,808 cases were in the Russian Federation), in 2015 - 153,407 (of which 98,232 were in the Russian Federation). By the end of 2017, there will also be at least 100 thousand new infections in Russia, the head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Vadim Pokrovsky, is convinced.

According to him, the number of deaths due to HIV-positive status is also growing. “Last year, 18.5 thousand people, according to Rosstat, died from AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). In fact, more than 30 thousand people with HIV died, but why the remaining 15 thousand died is a question that requires study,” - Pokrovsky said.

It cannot be said that the increase in morbidity in Russia is decreasing; we can only talk about a decrease in the increase in new cases. “Our growth is not decreasing, but as it was, remains the same, and increases,” says Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS.

Since 2016, the Ministry of Health has only taken into account non-anonymous infected people - those who took tests in government medical institutions with a passport and insurance certificate in hand. There were 86,800 of these in 2016 compared to 100,000 in 2015. And taking into account anonymous tests, Rospotrebnadzor in 2016 counted 125,000 new cases of laboratory confirmation of HIV infection. Thus, the Ministry of Health turned a blind eye to at least 20% of those infected. And a considerable part of HIV-infected people do not yet know about their diagnosis, since the latent form can last 10-20 years.

At the same time, there is not enough money in the state budget for the treatment of HIV/AIDS. WHO recommends immunodeficiency virus-suppressing antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for everyone diagnosed with HIV, while in Russia the coverage of ARV therapy is 46% of the 650,000 people with HIV registered by the Ministry of Health, or 33% of the 900,000 living carriers of the virus registered Rospotrebnadzor as of the end of 2016.

State strategy of the Russian Federation to combat HIV: there is no prevention, they only identify those already infected

Let us recall that the state strategy to combat the spread of HIV, adopted by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, set the goal of increasing the coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ARV), which suppresses the immunodeficiency virus, to 90% of all infected people by 2020 - this would make it possible to stop the epidemic.

However, it is not easy for Russian citizens to receive such treatment, and in rural areas it is completely unrealistic; patients are given medications that are far from the most modern, with a large number of side effects and mostly generics - medications, differing in their composition from the original medicine and in quantity active substance, and in terms of its quality.

In February 2015, due to the unfavorable dynamics of the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Health developed a strategy to combat AIDS until 2020. Officials planned to reduce prices for life-saving drugs for infected people through import substitution and the creation of cheaper Russian analogues.

But the Russian drug for the treatment of HIV will be registered in best case scenario only in 5-10 years, TASS reports. The development of the domestic gene therapy drug "Dinavir", which is being developed by a group of scientists from the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor, is now only at the stage of preclinical trials.

As for existing medications, according to the head of the scientific and methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Vadim Pokrovsky, only a quarter of patients receive them.

Despite the fact that the Russian government announced in April an increase in spending on the fight against AIDS, only 60 thousand people will feel the positive effect - “a drop of water on a hot stone,” Pokrovsky believes.

In general, according to him, in Russia there are no pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) programs, when antiretroviral drugs are taken by people with a potentially high risk of contracting HIV. There is no money for this, because there is not enough medicine even for already infected citizens. Against this background, the only working and officially approved concept in Russia is the “test and treat” strategy, recalls Medvestnik. “Prevention should prevent infections, but we identify those already infected, more and more every year. At the same time, next year The State Duma is going to reduce the budget for the treatment of HIV infection from 17.5 to 16.5 billion rubles. Therefore, it is not surprising that our epidemic is on the rise,” Pokrovsky said.

“The Russian state does not stand on ceremony with those who criticize it. As soon as Pokrovsky complained about not enough active struggle with the epidemic, as the Ministry of Health deprived the Federal AIDS Center of public funds in June of this year under a flimsy pretext. Non-governmental organizations also face an increased number of obstacles. Many of them are forced to curtail their work because, according to a law passed in 2012, they are required to register as “foreign agents,” recalls the Swiss newspaper Neue Zuercher Zeitung. By the way, in Switzerland the situation is almost stable - in 2016, the virus was detected in 539 people, in 2015 - in 537.

Sex between men remains one of the main routes of HIV transmission

Despite the presence of specialized prevention programs in many European countries, sex between men continues to be the predominant route of HIV transmission in European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries.

In all previous years, cases of HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men grew at an alarming rate - from 30% in 2005 to 42% in 2014.

According to the acting Director of the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) Andrea Ammon, to reduce these statistics, new strategies must be adopted, such as HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and access to care for EU citizens living in other countries.

In Russia, the official statistics are different: 40% of all HIV-infected people are people of traditional sexual orientation, from 55% to 60% of those infected were infected as a result of drug use, and only less than 2% were infected through homosexual contacts.

However, these figures are again far from reality due to the fact that in Russia, due to high level gays cannot even tell doctors that they have had same-sex contacts. "In AIDS centers there is a system of codes that assign different groups. For men who have sex with men, this is 103. But they are given other codes, for example 105 (persons with promiscuity). And thus gays add to the statistics of heterosexual transmission. But according to research public organizations“, in Russia, every sixth gay man is already infected,” Evgeny Pisemsky, head of the Oryol NGO “Phoenix PLUS”, told Radio Liberty.

“Specialists in AIDS centers are well aware of such underestimated statistics. But they are always under the sword of Damocles of the law on so-called propaganda among minors and interpret it in such a way that “just in case, we won’t even mention it, otherwise we will be accused of propaganda.” homosexuality." But only real numbers could convince society that the problem exists,” says Pisemsky.

According to the Open Institute of Health Foundation, the results of a 2017 biobehavioral study show that the average HIV infection rate among gay men in Russia is 18% (in Moscow - 13%, in St. Petersburg - 24%, in Yekaterinburg - 16%).

According to Pisemsky, the state will not be able to fight HIV without recognizing that it is spreading very quickly in this particular risk group. This means that no prevention is carried out in this environment, and gays themselves receive the misleading confidence that the HIV problem does not concern them.

Every second HIV-infected person is diagnosed at a late stage

Almost half of HIV infections across the European Region, which includes Russia, are diagnosed at a late stage: this increases the risks of poor health, death and HIV transmission.

The high number of AIDS cases in Russia and other Eastern European countries confirms that late diagnosis, delayed initiation of antiretroviral therapy and low treatment coverage contribute to the development of morbidity, the World Health Organization notes.

HIV/AIDS surveillance data from 2016 suggest that the likelihood of late diagnosis increases with age. Thus, 65% (63% in EU/EEA countries) of people over 50 years of age in the European Region were diagnosed with HIV infection at an advanced stage.

Testing for HIV infection for certain diseases, such as other sexually transmitted infections, viral hepatitis, tuberculosis and some types of cancer, can improve diagnostic quality.

According to Russian statistics, more than half (51%) of registered cases of HIV infection are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease.

Ten regions of Russia are in critical condition in terms of HIV prevalence. This was stated by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Veronika Skvortsova. The sad list is headed by the Sverdlovsk and Kemerovo regions.

“HIV is spread very unevenly throughout the country,” noted the head of the Ministry of Health. “The prevalence is significantly higher, several times, in those regions through which drug trafficking routes pass. Therefore, there are 10 critical regions out of 85. In first place is the Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, which got into the press (in connection with this),” Skvortsova said.

According to the minister, “57% of all sources of HIV infection are through injection, usually from heroin addicts.” As for such a traditional risk group as homosexuals, this trend is less pronounced in Russia.

“40% of cases of sexually transmitted infections relate to heterosexual couples,” Skvortsova pointed out, emphasizing that the increase in the number of infected people is due to healthy women who picked up the virus from their own husband.

According to the Federal Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, at the end of last year the list of the most HIV-affected regions was as follows: Irkutsk region, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Samara, Orenburg, Leningrad region, Khanty-Mansiysk autonomous region, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen regions.

During the year, anonymous testing was carried out in problem regions, which was completed by 23.5 thousand young people under 30 years of age. Among them, 2.3% were identified as HIV-infected.

In early November, the Ministry of Health of Yekaterinburg announced that every 50th resident in the city has AIDS.

“We have an infection rate of 1,826 people per hundred thousand, this is 1.8% of the city’s population, 26,693 thousand infected,” said Tatyana Savinova, deputy head of the city health department of Yekaterinburg. “And these are just known cases, the real incidence is even higher,” she emphasized.

But this situation in Yekaterinburg has been developing for decades, so doctors do not make announcements about the beginning of the epidemic, the city health department emphasized.

According to the criteria of the WHO and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV, more than 1% of those infected means that the infection is firmly rooted in the population and its spread is practically independent of risk groups.

Meanwhile, the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS believes that Russia is today on the verge of moving to the third and final stage of the HIV epidemic.

“An epidemic is a relative concept. HIV has three stages. Initial - the first cases are imported from abroad. The second is concentrated, risk groups are affected. In our country, 10% of men who have sex with men and 20% of drug addicts are now infected. And when more than 1% of pregnant women are infected, then it is generalized. We are now at the stage of transition from the second to the third," the head of the center, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, told the L!fe portal.

MOSCOW, July 23 – RIA Novosti. According to the number of HIV and AIDS infections among Russian cities Kemerovo, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and Yekaterinburg are in the lead. This was announced by the head of Rospotrebnadzor Anna Popova at the youth educational forum “Territory of Meanings on the Klyazma” in the Vladimir region.

“Do you know that Kemerovo is one of the leaders in our country in terms of this danger? Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Yekaterinburg, unfortunately, these are the points that are burning on our map today,” said the head of the supervisory department.

She emphasized that to prevent the spread of HIV among children and youth, it is necessary to provide comprehensive information about protection against various infections, and not separate sex education lessons.

“We need to engage in hygiene education, we need to tell people how not to get sick - with any infections. Each infection has its own method of transmission,” Popova noted.

Epidemic or not?

In May, Russian Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova reported that the number of HIV infections in the country in 2016 decreased by 15% compared to 2015.

“The number of new cases of HIV infection decreased sharply in 2016: we have a total of 86.8 thousand new cases, and in 2015 there were more than one hundred thousand people. A reduction of 15%,” said the head of the Ministry of Health. At the same time, according to her, as a result of improving the quality of clinical and laboratory monitoring and treatment, patients with HIV now live longer.

However, the head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, did not agree with these data. According to him, the HIV epidemic continues in Russia, and the situation is getting worse.

“Over the past year 2016, 103.5 thousand new cases of HIV infection were reported among Russian citizens. This is 5.3% more than in 2015. 98,232 people were registered there,” the virologist said. He emphasized that this is a small decrease in percentage, but in absolute numbers, the incidence of HIV continues to grow.

Skvortsova and Pokrovsky agreed on one thing - in assessing the number of registered HIV-infected citizens in Russia. The minister and the virologist cited similar figures - from 860 to 870 thousand people.

At the same time, Pokrovsky noted that in fact there are about 1.2-1.4 million HIV-infected people in Russia, that is, approximately half a million more than officially registered.

Is HIV a disease of the young?

According to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, the age at which the highest probability of contracting HIV is 30-39 years. In this age category, according to the scientist, every 50th person is infected.

Among men, cases of infection occur mainly at the age of 35-39 years (2.8%), and among women - at the age of 30-34 years (1.6%), the virologist noted. He explained this by the fact that women are more likely to have sex with older men. Moreover, sexual intercourse is the main risk factor for HIV infection for women.

“For the last year, 2016, sexual contacts have now taken first place in almost the same percentage of cases of new infections as through drug use. 48.8% were infected through drug use, 48.7% through heterosexual contacts, 1 .5% - during homosexual contacts,” the academician said in May.

He added that over the past year in Russia, 16 cases of suspected HIV infection were registered in medical institutions using non-sterile medical instruments, as well as three cases due to blood transfusion.

Fight for the virus

The Ministry of Health is taking measures to combat HIV - the department has developed a State Strategy to counter the spread of infection until 2020. One of the main directions of the document is primary prevention, which includes informing citizens about protection against infection. In addition, actions aimed at combating the spread of the virus are regularly held in Russia.

So, in July, the Ministry of Health, together with Russian Railways, sent a specially equipped carriage from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, where you can get tested for HIV free of charge.

“The carriage will travel across the entire country - from Vladivostok to St. Petersburg, making stops in the 24 most HIV-affected regions. Both on the train itself and at the stations where it stops, everyone will be able to take an HIV test,” the message said. departments.

In May, Rospotrebnadzor launched an all-Russian hotline on the prevention of HIV infection as part of the “Stop HIV/AIDS” campaign, which took place in the country from May 15 to 21 for the third time. During this time, events of various formats were organized in the regions: volunteer charity events to work with risk groups, to prevent discrimination against people with HIV, to provide support to palliative care centers for AIDS patients, as well as charity marathons and flash mobs.