Spray booths extinguishing heels. Requirements for spray booths

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Where to start construction?

Having decided to build a paint booth for body work, you need to immediately think about the expected amount of profit and drawing up a construction project. You also need to consider the camera's performance and the expected number of employees.

Usually, for the full operation of a car painting shop, at least 1 painter is needed, as well as several disassemblers and straighteners. Recruited personnel need to be trained the latest technologies painting works, and in the workshop try to organize a mini-laboratory for the selection of paints.

As you can see, there is a lot of work, and in order to get completely confused, it is necessary to draw up a detailed design of the spray booth.

Main Components

The main elements of the spray booth include:

Premises (building);
Filter system;
Forced ventilation;
Exhaust ventilation;
Heat generator.

The main element of any spray booth is the housing and ventilation system. The fan helps clean the air in the room from persistent odors paint and varnish materials. Two ventilation systems can be installed in one chamber.

One of them will pump clean air into the body service room (supply), and the second at this moment removes paint particles (exhaust). The chamber can be equipped with only one fan, and in this case, when pumping clean air An increased level of pressure is created in the room.

Due to the fact that air is supplied from top to bottom, paint particles are converted into fog, settle and are discharged outside through a special hole.

The principle of operation of the painting booth is as follows: the air coming from the street is heated by the system to the required level (usually for painting cars it is necessary to maintain the temperature in the room at 20 degrees).

After heating, the air passes through a filter system and enters the paint booth. Next, having absorbed all the harmful paint vapors, the air passes exhaust system filters and ventilation, after which it is discharged outside.

If the spray booth is equipped with high-quality filters, the air is discharged outside the booth as purified as possible. Almost all operating modes in modern painting booths are automated.

Another important structural element of the spray booth is lighting. Poor light does not allow craftsmen to see various flaws and defects on the surface of the body and effectively eliminate them.

Lighting in the spray booth is usually fluorescent or regular halogen daylight bulbs. Sometimes the owners of such premises increase their spending by equipping the spray booth with LED lighting.

In general, experts recommend installing mortise lamps with a glass diffuser in body service cameras. It is better to avoid lamps covered with plastic. The plastic often gets scratched, resulting in poor light quality.

Paint box - design features

The layout of the spray booth always depends on design features the buildings. Several types of paint boxes are now known:

Equipped with one motor;
Cameras with two motors;
Dead-end premises;
Premises where metal structures are supplied manually;
Boxes in which metal structures are supplied by mechanical methods;
Passage rooms;
Boxes with top tracks.

The main feature of dead-end spray booths is the ability to rotate the vehicle for convenient and uniform painting on all sides. Pass-through boxes allow metal structures to be moved along a special belt during the painting process.

In single-engine boxes ventilation system is represented by just one unit that supplies air into the room from top to bottom, thereby creating high level pressure. Under its influence, the paint mist is lowered down and removed from the room through the lower ventilation hole.

Unfortunately, single-engine paint booths result in heavy pollution environment, so they are now used very rarely. More the best option ventilation for the painting unit will be a two-engine unit.

It is based on two motors, each of which performs only one function. One motor is responsible for pumping clean air, and the second is responsible for removing dirty air containing paint vapors.

A properly designed paint booth will allow you to get a high-quality painted car without spending a lot of money. a large number of paints and maintaining the cleanliness of the workplace and the health of the painters.

Filter area on the ceiling;
Fan performance and power;
Correct placement of lighting devices;
Air speed inside the filter equipment;
The area of the filter located on the floor.

Rules for calculating ceiling and floor filters

The air filter is an important structural element of any car service center that paints cars. They are placed evenly in the room where the car body is painted. Such filters come in two varieties, for floor and ceiling.

The ceiling filter for the spray booth is installed so that it can be easily removed if necessary. For uninterrupted operation spray booth cleaning system, it is necessary to initially correctly calculate the minimum area of the filter elements.

Each of these types of filters should ensure maximum cleaning efficiency of the box (indicators should exceed 99%). In this regard, cleansing is performed in stages:

First, large particles of paint are removed from the air;
In subsequent stages, small particles are removed from the air.

This technique requires the use of fine filters, thanks to which dust from the street air does not settle on the surface of painted metal structures. To calculate minimum area ceiling filters, you need to know exactly the level of nominal air flow in the spray booth.

This parameter will need to be divided by the nominal air flow rate in the filter being used. The result of such calculations will be the minimum surface area of the filters. Naturally, to achieve maximum efficiency of the entire system, it is necessary to install large-area filters in the box.

In a similar way, you can calculate the minimum area for filters on the floor. In general, a floor filter for a spray booth consists of two structural elements: load-bearing sheathing and filter elements.

The painting booth drawing is created in several versions. Each of them has its own type of lathing with filters. The grille can be located directly under the car, or under the wheels of the vehicle.

In addition, the lathing can completely cover the floor of the chamber, and the filter elements in this case will be several centimeters below the level of the lathing.

Creating box lighting

It is best to equip a car painting booth with ceiling and wall lights evenly distributed throughout the room. It is also recommended to install several additional lighting fixtures on the back wall of the box.

For high-quality car painting, it is important that lighting devices do not contribute to the appearance of a flickering effect. For spray booths, the most convenient are long lamps mounted in a checkerboard pattern vertically. You can also equip the room with fluorescent lighting fixtures.

Fire safety

The paint booth for metal structures has one significant drawback- it has a high fire hazard. When arranging such a room, you need to pay great attention to safety requirements. When constructing paint booths, not only construction standards must be observed, but also the rules for arranging electrical networks.

All elements of the room and ventilation equipment must be equipped reliable protection against explosions. When equipping walls thermal insulation materials It is necessary to pay attention to the high resistance of materials to fire.

The best insulation for such rooms would be mineral wool. Fire extinguishing of a paint booth is an element that must be equipped in a car service bay. The implementation of a fire extinguishing system must be noted in the project plan.

To increase the fire safety of the box, it is necessary to equip the heat exchanger with a special thermostat that performs protective functions.

You also need to equip the control panel with a special button that allows you to block the work of the feeder in the event of emergency situations. air valve(as a result the supply of compressed air will stop). The room must have a grounding system for electrical appliances.

The spray booth is a functional automatic mechanism that ensures safety and high speed of operation, as well as - high quality coloring of products. The operating principle of the chamber is that compressed, purified and heated to the required temperature air from the street is supplied to a special cabin using ventilation systems.

The atmosphere created in boxing allows you to high-quality painting car, and after completing the procedure, remove all dangerous connections through a special ventilation hole.

Paint booths are premises closed type, therefore their equipment must be special. The main meaning of these structures is to carry out work to create paint coatings cars. In addition, these chambers are often designed to perform drying work after painting. In this case, they are called paint-drying. It is very important that during procedures in such devices, all fire safety requirements are observed, and sanitation and hygiene standards are also taken into account. These requirements include many points, in accordance with government regulations. In order to briefly understand the basic norms, we will dwell on the most significant of them.

The composition and dilution of all types of paint and varnish products must be done in isolated places near external walls that have window openings, or at the sites open type. The supply of materials is carried out centrally, already in prepared form. Varnishes and paints should be placed in the workshop storeroom in quantities that do not exceed the needs of the shift. Dye containers must be sealed; Special places are reserved for it.

The premises themselves, intended for the dyeing processes and preparation of mixtures, must be equipped with their own supply and exhaust ventilation, as well as local suction systems to remove harmful vapors from all paint-containing devices, namely: baths for painting and dipping, pouring installations, posts where manual coloring is carried out, drying chambers, etc.

Fire safety requirements for paint booths

Painting is not permitted when ventilation is turned off.

If consumables are accidentally spilled on the floor, they must be removed immediately using sawdust, water, etc. Washing floors with flammable substances, including solvents, is not permitted.

Paint booths are made only from non-combustible materials and at the same time equipped with special systems of local suction, which must be interconnected with devices supplying compressed air or coloring material into spray devices. The paint injection tanks must be located outside the paint booths.

The painting process is carried out in electric field, which means that the corresponding devices must have the necessary interlocking for protection that will prevent the spraying devices from being turned on in cases where local air removal systems are not operating or the conveyor is stopped.

Premises and special areas in which work with flammable substances takes place, namely the preparation of mixtures and their application to objects, must be provided with ventilation to eliminate explosive vapors.

The air exchange rate is calculated according to the production design.

When using flammable substances, there should be a quantity at the workplace that does not exceed the needs of the shift. Containers with them should be opened only before use, and upon completion of work, closed and transferred to storage. Used containers must be stored in a specially equipped place located outdoors.

Work must begin in places that are furthest away from the exits of these premises, and in corridors - after the work is completed.

In general, it must be remembered that any chamber whose purpose is painting and drying must be well ventilated, and the equipment must be equipped with explosion protection. In addition, the units must have thermal insulation made from entirely natural minerals, which have increased resistance to fire. A fire extinguishing system is also absolutely necessary. And finally, if a drying chamber is still present, then there must be a heat exchanger and a safety thermostat.

These are, in general, brief requirements for fire safety of painting booths.

A spray booth is a specially equipped room. industrial type, used to carry out operations related to coloring. This is a universal paint box in which complex technological processes. That is why the basic requirements for paint booths are established at the legislative level, which they must meet to ensure the most efficient and safe operation.

If you are planning to purchase, you need to very carefully study all its features and the most important characteristics. For uninterrupted and problem-free operation, the camera must meet the following indicators:

The box must have quality system ventilation, ensuring the entry and exit of air masses. Ventilation must be continuous, which will ensure quick withdrawal pollution from the premises.
To ensure maximum quality of work, preliminary cleaning of air masses is necessary. Therefore, it is impossible to do without a high-tech cleaning system. This will eliminate possible problems during operation and will protect the equipment from defects.
Coloring is carried out at certain parameters of temperature and air humidity. That is why a system must be installed in the box that allows you to quickly reach the required microclimate indicators in the room. At the same time, it is extremely important that the established parameters are stable and maintained for the specified time. The rule for cameras is that the maximum fluctuations temperature regime should not exceed 3.5 degrees.
High-quality work is carried out with the proper level of lighting. Ideally, the light in the dyeing box should be as close to daylight as possible.
Modern technical equipment must be ergonomic. This means that during operation, material consumption is set to a minimum level, which helps to achieve significant savings in resources in the end. It should be mentioned that you should not skimp on the quality of equipment and materials used in boxing.
The paint booth must demonstrate extremely high safety indicators, both for humans and for the environment. And this can be achieved by creating absolute tightness of the room.

Paint booth: fire safety requirements

Painting boxes must have extremely high fire safety ratings. All models and others that you can find in our company’s catalog comply with all fire safety requirements. According to general recommendations fire safety requirements, a standard paint booth must comply with the following rules:

The walls of the chamber should not be insulated with materials that have high flammability. Otherwise, during the drying process of painted parts, the risk of fire increases significantly.
The paint box must demonstrate extreme tightness, which eliminates fire problems in difficult situations.
The standard rule is that to comply with fire regulations, the box must have at least 2 doors.
If a spill occurs during operation Supplies(solvents, paint and varnish compositions), they must be removed immediately. In this case, it is prohibited to use detergents and specialized substances that are prone to fire.
It is strictly not recommended to use the working resource of the camera when ventilation is turned off or there is a breakdown in the system.
To prevent possible fires, the box is additionally equipped with by special means for extinguishing fires, as well as a box of sand.
The painting procedure takes place in an electric field, therefore all devices must be protected from possible sources of danger.
If flammable materials are used during work, their quantity should not exceed the needs of the shift. In this case, containers should be opened only before starting work, and they should be stored in specially designated boxes.
The paint box must be made of durable materials With low level combustion.
The location of the box near residential areas, as well as potentially dangerous objects, is strictly prohibited.

If you don’t know how to choose paint booths whose fire safety will allow you to use them as efficiently as possible, contact the managers of our company. Our experts will advise you on high-quality equipment that fully complies with all standards and requirements. You can contact consultants by telephone, at the email address indicated on the website, or using a special form, by filling out which you will receive a quick answer to your questions.

Introduction

Justification of the need for the use and type of APPP

Selecting the type of fire extinguishing installation

Installation design

Design of the ATP system

Layout of the main components and description of the operation of the APPP installation

Brief instructions for operating APPZ installations

Literature

INTRODUCTION

Wide scope of cultural, housing and industrial construction, changes in structure modern production, high degree concentration of material assets, the transition to the construction of high-rise buildings require the use of effective measures fire protection. As experience shows, an effective direction in solving the problem of fire protection of objects National economy is the mass introduction of fire alarm and fire extinguishing devices and systems. Early detection of a small fire by a fire detector and transmission of an alarm signal to the duty control panel allows for timely response necessary measures and eliminate the fire at the initial stage of its development.

APZ systems are a complex of complex technical devices ensuring fire safety of people, technological equipment, material assets and building structures buildings and structures. Such systems detect fires without human intervention, sound an alarm and extinguish fires at the initial stage of their development. They are an integral part of equipping modern buildings and structures with safety and labor protection equipment.

APZ systems are increasingly used in a wide variety of facilities various forms property. Continuously improving efficiency technical means APZ, their specialization is expanding.

IN modern devices and APPP systems widely use scientific advances in automation and electronics, ensuring their high reliability and efficiency.

Analyzing the facts of the increase in the occurrence of fires, it is not difficult to conclude that the rate of deployment of fire protection is lagging behind the rate of growth of materialized fire danger, which is expressed in new products, equipment, and technology machines. As a result, both the number of fires and the damage caused by them have a clear upward trend. Suppressing these trends requires significant material and human resources, including fire automatic equipment. These trends can be stabilized and even reduced if at all levels of fire hazard: at the stages of research and development, development, pilot production. Thanks to this, it will be possible to timely detect potentially fire-hazardous developments and take measures to eliminate sources of danger.

In this course project I'm developing an automatic fire protection for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5).

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NECESSITY OF APPLICATION AND TYPE OF APZ FOR SPECIFIC PREMISES

All buildings and premises with a high fire hazard are equipped with fire automatics. There are two approaches to the issue of using fire automatics - deterministic and probabilistic.

Deterministic requirements for the selection of fire automatics are set out in regulatory documents - building codes and rules (SNiP) and construction standards of Belarus (SNB), as well as lists of designed, reconstructed and technically re-equipped buildings and premises of national economic facilities of the republican ministries, departments and societies to be equipped by automatic means fire extinguishing and automatic fire alarm systems (by ministries). It is obvious that the deterministic method for determining the need for fire protection and its type is based on average indicators of the fire hazard of premises. In addition, it cannot quickly respond to new technological processes, changes in their modes, changes in the fire load in the premises, etc. Therefore, in cases where there is no regulatory justification for the need and type of APPP or when it is necessary to extend the provisions of the standard to new production, a probabilistic method based on is used.

The probabilistic approach to the use of fire automatics is based on compliance with the required level of ensuring fire safety of people and material assets. The basic data for the calculation are the classification of objects by explosion and fire hazard, characteristics of evacuation routes, critical duration of a fire, statistical data on fires. This method is based on complex calculations and is used much less frequently than deterministic.

In our case, it is necessary to justify the type of installation of the APPP for a painting booth using flammable liquids (20x15x5). The area of the room is 300 m2. According to being normative document in the Republic of Belarus, protection by automatic fire extinguishing installations is required.

SELECTION OF THE TYPE OF FIRE FIGHTING INSTALLATION

The type of fire extinguishing installation is determined by the selected fire extinguishing agent, extinguishing method and incentive system.

The choice of the type of fire extinguishing agent is made taking into account the compatibility of its properties with the properties of the substances and materials to be extinguished. Since the library's book depository contains a large number of books, some of them represent historical value, it is necessary to choose the most effective fire extinguishing agent for successful fire extinguishing and safety.

So, according to table. 4.1 the means for extinguishing substances and materials located in the painting booth using flammable liquids is water, water with wetting agents or low expansion foam.

We accept low expansion foam as the most effective fire extinguishing agent (including compatibility with flammable materials).

In case of fires in paint booths, the dynamics of fire development depend on the location and workload (availability of flammable liquids, paints and varnishes and the equipment used for painting). In the initial stage of fire development, there is a rapid increase in temperature, and then a rapid increase in the fire area. In this regard, in order to prevent further spread of fire, it is necessary to supply the paint booth with a minimum a short time low expansion foam. The most appropriate would be the use of an automatic foam fire extinguishing installation (AUPP).

Knowing the dependence of the determining factor of a fire on the time of its development, it is possible to determine the maximum permissible time for detecting a fire by the incentive system and thereby select its type.

As follows from Fig. 1, the permissible fire detection time T obl.add., consisting of the time until the trigger threshold T por.srab. and inertia of the stimulus T in.pob. in the prevailing conditions of a real fire, is determined from the condition:

T obl.add = T por.av. + T in.pob.< Т пред. - Т ин.эл. -Т ин.мех.

where, T limit - maximum permissible time of fire development,

T in.el. , T in.mech. - accordingly inertia electrical system installation and mechanical and hydraulic systems of AUP.

The vertical axis in Fig. 1 shows the dangerous factor of fire development and its critical value, and the horizontal axis shows time. T ap.aup (aup actuation time).

The quantities included in the expression T obv.ad. are determined as follows.

Fig.1. Graphic model of fire development.

The maximum permissible time for the development of a fire is determined directly from the graph of the dependence of the fire hazard on time as the moment it reaches its critical value. Inertia electrical diagram installation is, according to experimental data, 1-2 seconds, the inertia of the mechanical and hydraulic systems of the fire control system depends on the type of installation, the type and method of supplying the fire extinguishing agent and can approximately be taken within 10-30 seconds. Actual time of fire detection T obl.fact. must be less than or equal to the value of T obl. add. It is defined for various types incentives depending on the conditions of development of a particular fire.

Based on the above, we accept the electric SPS as an incentive system.

INSTALLATION DESIGN

The fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the protected premises using sprinklers. Considering that the distance between sprinklers should be no more than 4 meters, the maximum area controlled by one sprinkler is 12 meters; the intensity of irrigation with a foaming agent solution of at least 0.15 l/cm 2 for placing a painting booth using flammable liquids (group 4.1.) (Table 1) determines that it is necessary to install 25 sprinklers.

The distance from the wall to the sprinkler is no more than 1.5 m. Pipelines should be designed from steel pipes with welded and flanged connections (clause 5.26).

Equipment for automatic water and foam fire extinguishing installations is located in a room that is separated from other rooms fire partitions with a fire resistance limit of at least EI 45 and floors with a fire resistance limit of at least REI 45.

Control nodes on the first floor of the building. For foam fire extinguishing installations, it is necessary to provide a 100% supply of foam concentrate. Pumping stations must be located in separate room buildings on the ground floor. They must have a separate exit to the outside (clause 5.56). Room pumping station must be separated from other rooms by partitions. The station must be equipped with a telephone connection to the premises of the fire post with personnel on duty around the clock (clause 5.67).

Valves installed on pipelines filling the waste water tank should be installed in the pumping station premises (clause 5.71). Instrumentation and measuring rods must be installed in the premises of the fire extinguishing station to ensure visual control (clause 5.72).