Reciprocal connection of pipeline fittings type ach. Types of fittings for connecting to a pipeline

Greetings, dear readers, today we will look at an interesting and very important question that arises during the construction stage, namely, how to properly insulate the foundation of a private house and how to choose insulation for the foundation of a house.

It is worth noting that until recently, professional builders and amateur builders, who build and repair their houses on their own, debated about the advisability of insulating the foundation. The question has always been whether it should be insulated or not?

Today, thermal insulation of the foundation of a house is a generally accepted practice. However, the questions are how to properly insulate the foundation of a private house and what kind of insulation would be better suited for this purpose remains open. The purpose of this article will be to try to understand this issue.

Arguments in favor of insulation:

protection against freezing, especially for foundations that are in damp water (this is why it is recommended to insulate the foundation from the outside);
reducing the dependence of the foundation on temperature changes, and therefore reducing deformation;
expansion-compression leading to destruction;
additional waterproofing from groundwater and condensate;
normalization of the microclimate in the house, the ability to use the basement for various needs so that it is not too cold in winter and warm in summer.

Foundation insulation: types, materials

Depending on the location of the thermal insulation material, foundation insulation can be:

external, when the material is located on the “facade” of the foundation or, as they also say, the base;
internal, when the insulation material is located from the inside of the house.

The material used for external insulation must meet certain requirements: have good vapor barrier properties, sound insulation, be inexpensive and have long term services. These requirements are best met by polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and a more modern heat insulator - penoplex.

Application of expanded polystyrene

The technology of insulation with polystyrene foam is practically no different from the work on thermal insulation of facades and can be easily done with your own hands: foam plastic slabs are attached to the foundation blocks using special glue.

Sometimes mastic is used for this, which acts as additional waterproofing. As additional fastening elements use dowel nails.

Note! Not only that part of the foundation that is located higher from the ground is subject to insulation. Installation of thermal insulation material must also be done in the part that is located underground. To do this, the foundation is dug, making a trench around it.

Thermal insulation with polystyrene foam has a number of advantages:

ease of installation of the heat insulator;
high thermal insulation properties of the material;
low cost compared to other heat insulators.

The disadvantages include the fact that polystyrene foam is often damaged by rodents and is flammable (this is important when insulating from the inside).

Application of polyurethane foam

One of the most effective ways insulation. To implement it, special equipment is required; such thermal insulation is more difficult to do with your own hands.

The technology of work is preliminary preparation foundation blocks: they are cleaned, dried, chips removed, cracks covered. Polyurethane foam is applied with a special sprayer, making several layers, which, when hardened, form an even film with excellent heat and waterproofing properties. The service life of such insulation exceeds 25 years.

The disadvantages of using polyurethane foam as insulation include the high price and the need to use spray equipment.

Application of penoplex

Penoplex is a modern thermal insulation material with high density. Thanks to the extrusion production method, penoplex is saturated with air, which provides it with good thermal insulation and thermal characteristics.

Unlike expanded polystyrene, this material is absolutely harmless; when heated, it does not emit toxic fumes. The material is produced in the form of slabs with a thickness of 20 to 60 mm.

Attaching penoplex to foundation blocks is carried out in two ways and can be easily done with your own hands:

horizontal, when the material is laid around the perimeter of the house, forming a continuous layer;
vertical when the slabs are mounted on the walls of the blocks.

When the slabs are installed correctly, there are no “cold bridges” at all. Note! All measures to insulate the foundation are carried out simultaneously with its waterproofing!

Penoplex is attached to the foundation using a special glue for thermal insulation boards. After installing the slabs, it is necessary to seal all seams using polyurethane foam. In cold areas, it is recommended to use two layers of foam insulation.

The advantages of this insulation include:

high density;
higher thermal insulation rates compared to expanded polystyrene;
resistance to fungi and rodents.

The disadvantages, in comparison with expanded polystyrene, include cost; the price of this material is much higher, but the quality of insulation is much better.

Internal foundation insulation

In addition to external insulation, there is also internal insulation, when the heat-insulating material is attached inside the foundation.

Expanded polystyrene or Penolex are used as insulation. The technology of the work completely replicates the thermal insulation of the foundation blocks from the outside. Internal thermal insulation helps make the floor in the house warmer, and there will be less dampness in the basement. It is advisable to do such insulation when using basements for household needs.

Conclusion

We have briefly reviewed popular materials for foundation insulation, and I think we have answered the question, how to insulate the foundation in a private house? In fact, all of the materials listed are well suited for these purposes; they differ only in price. Therefore, the choice of material for insulation was not so difficult.

Every person who has in his possession a private house or a cottage or dacha, faces such a problem as heat loss, especially in winter period. Approximately 1/5 of heat loss occurs through the foundation, and it is this foundation that is often forgotten to be insulated, especially in houses that do not have a basement. However, it is necessary to insulate the foundation, since this can significantly reduce heat loss, reduce humidity in the basement and extend the life of the structure as a whole. So how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside? This will be discussed further.

There are several reasons that indicate that it is simply necessary to insulate the foundation:

A common mistake made by building owners is to insulate the basement from the inside, not the outside, while the foundation itself is not protected from the harmful effects of moisture on it. Thus, under the influence of moisture, cracks form in the foundation at low temperatures, which over time can lead to partial or complete destruction of the foundation. That is why it is necessary to do insulation not inside, but outside the foundation.
External insulation of the base also allows not only to protect from high humidity, but also makes it possible to prevent freezing of the foundation in winter time. When thermal insulation is performed correctly, insulation can reduce the impact of moisture on the foundation, since it is much more resistant to it.

Methods for insulating the foundation from the outside

How to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands? Today, the building materials market offers a wide selection of insulation materials. The most commonly used insulation methods are:

Classic and the old way, this is insulation of the foundation with gravel, expanded clay or sand.
Using sheet insulation (for example, polystyrene foam).
Use of sprayed material (eg polyurethane foam).

Each of the materials has its own advantages and disadvantages, which will be discussed further.

This type of insulation for the foundation of a house is most often used in private construction, since polystyrene foam has the following advantages:

The material has high strength and durability.
Has high moisture resistance.
The material is quite easy to install and secure to the base, which allows you to do the finishing yourself.
Expanded polystyrene is inedible for rodents and is resistant to damage.
Carrying out external decorative finishing is not particularly difficult.
The cost of the material is affordable for almost everyone.

Regarding the technology of finishing the foundation with outside, then it is as follows:

It is necessary to insulate the foundation of the house from the outside immediately after it has been erected and the rough floor of the first floor has been completed. However, insulating the foundation has already finished house is also possible, but for this you need to dig a trench around the foundation with a width of at least 1 m and a depth equal to the depth of the foundation.
Before proceeding with insulation, the foundation walls must be cleaned of all contaminants.
If the groundwater level is elevated at the construction site, then it is necessary to drainage system. To do this, a layer of sand is poured into the bottom of the trench, a layer of geotextile is laid, then perforated pipes with a diameter of about 10 cm into which gravel is poured. The pipes are also wrapped in geotextile and covered with sand. They need to be taken to a special collector well.
The next step is to coat the foundation walls with a latex-based primer. This primer will completely fill all the cracks and small cracks in the foundation, and will also ensure good adhesion to the waterproofing material.
Then they make waterproofing (usually self-adhesive), which is smoothed with a roller, and the joints are sealed with a special sealant.
Now you can start laying the insulation. It is fixed to the walls using special glue, which is applied to the polystyrene foam in a small strip at a distance of 1-2 cm from the edge of the sheet, as well as in small dots along the entire perimeter.
Thus, continue along the entire perimeter of the foundation. If the foundation is high and one row of polystyrene foam is not enough, then the insulation is laid in a checkerboard pattern, like a brick, in several rows.
Once all walls are insulated, large gaps are sealed with foam or sealant.
Where the foundation will subsequently be covered with sand, there is no need to further strengthen the polystyrene foam, but on the protruding part it is secured using special dowels.
Next, the insulation must be plastered, and a reinforcing mesh must be used to give strength (it must be buried in a layer of plaster).

Thus, by doing everything correctly, you can achieve high-quality insulation without leaving cold bridges. In addition, this finishing gives the house a full, complete look.

This method of foundation insulation differs from the previous one in that it does not need to be fixed; it is applied directly to the foundation walls using a special sprayer. Polyurethane foam is sprayed onto the surface of the foundation in liquid form, after which it hardens directly on the walls for some time. This finishing method allows you to avoid insulation joints and also ensures a tight fit to the walls.

According to the application technology, polyurethane foam can be applied to the wall without any effort, and there is no need to additionally prepare the surface (i.e., no need to cover it with a primer, treat it with glue, etc.), just clean it of dirt.

Usually the insulation layer is about 5 cm, and rarely more. This layer allows you to make high-quality insulation. It should also be noted that polyurethane foam is resistant to moisture, which indicates additional waterproofing of the foundation.

It must also be said that such material can only be applied using special installations with sprayers, so doing it yourself is practically impossible.

This method of insulating the foundation from the outside has been proven for decades. In fact, expanded clay is a porous material that is quite light in weight and has good thermal insulation properties. However this method It is not advisable to use it in an area with a sufficiently high groundwater level, since the material is hygroscopic, that is, it easily absorbs excess moisture.

In order to reduce the hygroscopicity of the material, it is necessary to shield expanded clay from external environment using waterproofing materials.

Expanded clay insulation technology is as follows:

Along the entire perimeter of the foundation along its walls, it is necessary to dig trenches, the depth of which is slightly greater than the freezing level of the soil.
Next, the walls of the trench must be waterproofed using any waterproofing.
After this, the trenches are filled with expanded clay, and a blind area is made on top of it.

The blind area is performed as follows:

They install formwork from planed boards, just like for the foundation. The width of the blind area is usually at least 60 cm.
To strengthen the blind area, reinforcing mesh is laid on top of the expanded clay.
Next, the concrete solution is poured.
After some time, when the blind area has gained strength, the formwork is dismantled.

Thus, to summarize, we can safely say that the most rational material for insulating the foundation is expanded polystyrene, which is popularly called polystyrene foam. It is budget-friendly and of high quality, and also allows you to perform insulation yourself, without the involvement of specialists. However, how and with what to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside is up to the owners of the house to decide.

Insulation of the foundation base from the outside should be considered as a stage general works on thermal insulation of the building. Each enclosing surface has its own characteristics in terms of the nature of operation, the physics of heat transfer and influencing factors. This affects the choice of materials and insulation methods. What “works” well on the roof or attic is completely unsuitable for the foundation and its visible part - the plinth.

General scheme of comprehensive insulation of the foundation of a house Source stroy-dom-pravilno.ru

Why is it necessary to insulate the basement?

In its “pure form” the base is insulated if the house is on a pile or screw foundation. For strip or slab foundations, it is customary to insulate the entire foundation of the house. The effect of insulating only its visible (aboveground) part under conditions middle zone Russia - purely decorative.

If you look at the map of soil freezing depth, you can see that from western border and to the Urals it lies in the range from 1 m to 1.8 m. And in the Moscow region the soil freezes to 1 m 40 cm.

This is what a map with freezing depth contours looks like Source centermira.ru

It turns out that any shallow foundation for several months a year (up to six months, depending on the “severity” of the season) is entirely exposed to negative temperatures. Even a full-size foundation is mostly located in this zone. This is bad for several reasons:

Thermal conductivity monolithic reinforced concrete quite high, and the mass and area of contact with cold air and ground is large. It turns out that the entire foundation is a large heat exchanger that is in direct contact with the ceiling and load-bearing walls. And if the walls are made of brick, and the ceiling is a reinforced concrete slab, then the heat loss is quite significant - up to 20%.

In the underground of the house they pass engineering Communication– water supply and sewerage. When they “rise” from the ground, they have to cross the freezing zone. Not to mention those cases when horizontal communications of the first floor are laid in the underground. The cold base and foundation do not create Better conditions for this part of the water and sewer system.

It is even possible to lay pipes along the base Source giropark.ru

And when reliable waterproofing in the micropores of concrete, and especially brick, there is always some moisture. When it freezes, it expands, microcracks appear, which increase in size during subsequent thawing/freezing cycles. The number of such cycles that the material endures without destruction determines the frost resistance index. No matter how big it is, there comes a point when this endurance ends.

And insulating the foundation base from the outside reduces heat loss, creates more “comfortable” conditions for the basement and utility networks running in the underground, and moves the dew point from the wall to the insulation (thereby extending the service life of the foundation). It is only important to choose the right way to insulate the basement of the house from the outside.

A pile foundation is not such a powerful heat exchanger, but its insulation will increase the overall level of protection of the house, and especially the first floor, from exposure to cold air.

Video description

Why it is necessary to insulate the foundation, as well as other necessary measures, is described in the following video:

Choosing insulation for the base

The choice of materials for thermal insulation of the base is not as large as for the walls. Due to its proximity to the ground, its operating conditions are more extreme than those of walls.

When calculating wind loads, it is taken into account that they are significantly lower near the ground. This means that the conditions for weathering excess moisture from materials are worse. Source docplayer.ru

There is almost always a higher level of intrinsic moisture content of the materials. Rain and melting snow have an impact. There is also a capillary rise of water through micropores in concrete, brick or in the plaster finishing layer - it is not in vain that the basement is horizontally waterproofed before building walls. And the conditions for weathering excess moisture near the base are worse than near the walls - the wind speed and pressure are lower near the ground. Therefore, the use of mineral wool for insulating the base is eliminated using both the “wet facade” technology and the ventilated facade technology.

Insulation for foundation plinth choose from three types of foam:

expanded polystyrene;

extruded polystyrene foam (EPS);

sprayed polyurethane foam (PPU).

Note! Usually, “in everyday life,” foam plastic means expanded polystyrene, but this is a whole class of cellular plastics made of different polymers and varying degrees of rigidity.

In practice, extruded polystyrene foam is most often chosen. Conventional expanded polystyrene and hardened polyurethane foam have lower resistance to mechanical loads, a higher coefficient of water absorption and higher thermal conductivity.

Thermal conductivity and operational humidity indicators of EPPS are better than those of regular polystyrene foam Source severnaya-palmira.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer foundation repair and insulation services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Base insulation technology

There are several ways to insulate the basement of a house, depending on its design and finishing method.

Insulation of the base of a strip foundation

If we draw parallels with the insulation of the facade, then the base of the strip foundation is insulated and finished in two ways - using the “wet” or suspended facade technology. But naturally, the progress of work differs, from the preparation stage to the decorative finishing.

Preparatory stage

As mentioned above, the base is the visible part of the foundation, and it must be insulated in conjunction with the underground part. This is best done during the construction phase before backfilling. If insulation is carried out separately or during reconstruction, then the foundation must be dug up to the base and a full range of waterproofing and insulation must be carried out.

Important! Unlike the facade, waterproofing the base is included in the mandatory list of works before insulation.

The width of the trench must be sufficient for a person to work in it freely.

Carrying out thermal insulation works for the base already standing house more difficult than during construction Source w-proofing.ru

Work order this stage is as follows:

Surface carefully cleared from the earth. Give it time to dry.

Cleans up concrete spills(“folds” from unevenness of the formwork) or remove the remains of the masonry mortar if the base is made of brick. Clean from dust.

Deep chips and potholes sealed with repair mortar. For this purpose, special mixtures are used, which contain modifiers that accelerate the hardening of the solution.

Prime the walls bitumen primer and wait until it is completely dry.

Cover the foundation to its full height roll waterproofing. The work proceeds from the bottom (from the sole) upward, with the stripes overlapping horizontally, and when increasing in length, vertically. Fixation to the wall occurs using a gas burner, which is used to heat the bitumen on the inner surface of the waterproofing strip. For reliability, the joints are additionally treated with bitumen mastic. And if the house is located on damp soils with a high level of water, then the pasting is carried out in two layers.

Waterproofing should be in a continuous layer from the base of the base and to the entire height of the plinth Source pol-pro.com

Insulation with polystyrene foam and EPS

The fundamental difference between how to insulate the base of a house from the outside with polystyrene foam or EPS and how to insulate the underground part of the foundation lies in the method of attaching the slabs.

The slabs are attached to the surface of the underground part of the foundation exclusively with the help of an adhesive solution. The use of mechanical fasteners will damage the waterproofing, which is generally unacceptable.

As an alternative, you can use the top layer of rolled waterproofing to fix the slab to the wall using molten bitumen. But the method itself is quite risky and requires careful handling of the burner, and in order for the fastening to be reliable, the surface itself must be as smooth as possible.

Attention! It is necessary to use cold bitumen mastics to insulate joints or fasten insulation boards with extreme caution. Some types of ready-made compositions contain components that are aggressive towards polystyrene.

It is easier to fix the slabs using a regular adhesive solution, a layer of which allows you to compensate for minor unevenness in the base. And this is the only method of fastening when insulation is carried out in two layers.

Two-layer insulation is necessary for the basement floor Source giropark.ru

The insulation is attached to the above-ground part of the foundation using a combination of glue plus mechanical fasteners (plastic dowels and umbrellas). If in the underground part the insulation is pressed by backfill, then on the surface the adhesive forces of the glue will not be enough for reliable fixation. In addition, there is no pressure water pressure on the surface, which means there are no conditions for its penetration through the fasteners into the materials from which the base is built.

After the expanded polystyrene slabs are fixed over the entire surface of the foundation, backfilling is carried out and a blind area is arranged (insulated if the soil is heaving).

Video description

Once again about the choice between polystyrene foam and EPS. It is better to choose extruded polystyrene foam. And why - the author of the following video explained it well:

Finishing work

There are two types of finishing for the insulated base of a strip foundation:

Plaster or tile. A layer of glue (approximately 3 mm) is applied to the surface of the polystyrene foam and the fiberglass mesh is pressed into it. Apply another layer of solution of the same thickness and level the surface. After the base has dried, the base is plastered or tiled.

Source stroyfora.ru

Curtain facade. Mounted from metal profile lathing. To reduce heat loss, the brackets are covered with foam. The frame is covered with panels.

Source moypodval.ru

Insulation of the base of a pile foundation

In this case, we are talking about the construction of a small closed underground floor under the ceiling of the first floor.

There are two methods of insulation - external and internal.

External insulation is used when a small wall of ordinary brick is built along the outer perimeter of piles (reinforced concrete or screw). They can even cast a small reinforced concrete foundation for it. And in this case, the insulation technology is the same as for the base of a strip foundation.

Brick fence on concrete base no different from a wall on a shallow foundation Source etokirpichi.ru

Internal insulation is carried out when the base (or insulation) is made in the form of sheathing piles over a wooden or metal frame.

Conclusion

Insulation of the base from the outside is carried out as part complex works on hydro- and thermal insulation of the foundation. To do this correctly, and not “by eye,” it is necessary to carry out calculations and develop a full-fledged project, taking into account the characteristics of the region, site and foundation design. And this is a task for specialists. However, so does the execution of the work itself.

The foundation is the most important part of any home. The durability of the entire structure depends on its strength and correct manufacturing. During the winter months it is exposed to moisture and low temperatures. This leads to rapid destruction.

Insulating the foundation helps solve this problem. Conduct similar works you can do it yourself. The main thing is to choose the right one necessary materials, study technology.

Many people think, why protect the foundation of a building on the street if you can do it from the inside. In fact, insulating the foundation of a house from the outside is an important procedure that is carried out by qualified workers even at the construction stage. But it can also be done for old buildings.

This helps solve several problems at once:

reduce heat losses buildings, reduce heating costs in cold months;
prevent cracks from appearing in the foundation of the house;
avoid dampness in the basement;
eliminate the possibility of mold appearing under the ceiling of the first floor.

Insulation allows you to extend the life of the structure. Properly selected materials protect the foundation from moisture and frost.

Important! Building codes do not directly indicate the need to insulate the foundations of buildings that do not have a basement. However reinforced concrete structure still needs protection. Therefore, such structures also need to be insulated, but this can only be done at the construction stage.

Key requirements for insulation

The choice of insulation for the foundation must be approached responsibly. Use for this purpose mineral wool left over from interior decoration, it is forbidden. Water will accumulate in it, which will lead to rapid destruction of the entire structure.

The material must meet the following requirements:

low thermal conductivity;
resistance to sudden temperature changes;
sufficient mechanical strength;
resistance to aggressive influences environment;
waterproof.

Vapor permeability does not play a big role. But it is better to give preference to materials with low throughput. Do not pay attention to the flammability of the insulation, as it will be covered with soil.

Choosing insulation for the foundation

The answer to the question of how to insulate the foundation of a house from the outside is ambiguous. Modern stores offer a wide range of materials. When choosing, they are guided by the type of soil on which the building is erected, the climatic conditions of the region, as well as the degree of load on the structure. There are five insulation materials that have optimal ratio price quality.

Expanded polystyrene

Expanded polystyrene or polystyrene foam is an inexpensive, practical material. It is widely used for thermal insulation of various structures, including foundations.

Among its advantages are:

ease of installation;
light weight;
excellent thermal insulation qualities;
foam does not absorb moisture;
does not shrink during operation;
does not lose its properties under the aggressive influence of salt or chlorinated water, acids, alkalis;
maybe it's joint use with mastics, lime, plaster and other materials.

Expanded polystyrene comes in the form of large rectangular sheets. It cuts easily with a regular knife. Therefore, even a novice master can handle its installation.

A significant disadvantage of expanded polystyrene is its low strength. It is damaged even by minor mechanical impacts. Therefore, such material needs additional protection, for example, brick lining.

For heat and moisture insulation of the foundations of houses, it is better to purchase polystyrene foam with a thickness of at least 50 mm. Its price on average across the country varies from 2500 to 3000 rubles per cubic meter. Service life – up to 40 years.

Important! When heated strongly, foam releases substances harmful to health into the air. Therefore, if there is a sauna in the basement of the building, it is better not to use such material.

Extruded polystyrene foam (EPS) is a type of foam. During its production, another technological process is added - extrusion. Thanks to this, the characteristics of the material are improved.

EPPS has the following properties:

high density;
complete impermeability to moisture and steam;
sufficient strength;
chemical and biological inertness.
light weight.

To insulate the foundation, a 40 mm thick EPS slab is sufficient. It is mounted using adhesive or disc dowels.

Most popular trademarks EPPS steel Penoplex and TechnoNIKOL. The cost of a cubic meter of such material varies from 4,500 to 5,000 rubles. The service life, subject to installation technology, is 50 years.

Polyurethane foam

Polyurethane foam (PPU) – liquid insulation, which is applied to the base using a special sprayer. It hardens quickly, forming a durable coating.

Compared to polystyrene foam and EPS, it has the following advantages:

when using polyurethane foam, a continuous surface without joints is obtained, which increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the material;
the product fills cavities and cracks that exist in concrete foundation, which prevents its destruction;
easy to apply on complex shaped surfaces;
has high adhesive properties.

PPU is resistant to aggressive environmental conditions. It can withstand sudden temperature changes, does not deform, and does not release toxic substances into the air.

The price for two canisters of PU foam components weighing 50 kg each on average ranges around 25,000 - 30,000 rubles. With a layer thickness of 5 cm, this is enough to process about 40 square meters of surface. The service life of polyurethane foam is up to 40 years.

Expanded clay

Expanded clay is a material obtained from melted clay. Recently it has been rarely used, since in terms of characteristics it is significantly inferior to polyurethane foam, polyurethane foam and polyethylene foam. Its main advantage is its low price. 1 cubic meter costs about 1,500 rubles.

Expanded clay is distinguished by its environmental friendliness. Since only natural ingredients are used in its production, it does not emit any harmful substances. The service life of such material is more than 50 years.

Its significant disadvantage is fragility. If the technology for manufacturing the insulating layer is violated, the expanded clay granules crumble. This worsens its thermal insulation properties. The downside of expanded clay is also the need for a blind area when laying it.

Mastics

Mastic is a liquid multicomponent composition based on bitumen. More often it is used as a base layer before laying other materials, since its thermal insulation properties are very low.

To achieve a positive result, you need to apply it in three to four layers.

The mastic well fills cracks and voids in the base, which increases the strength of the structure. It reliably protects against moisture.

Polystyrene foam insulation technology

The cheapest and in a fast way How to insulate the foundation is the use of polystyrene foam. To install it, you will need a minimum set of tools: a knife, a hammer drill, a construction mixer. You will also need to purchase glue for PPS, primer, plaster, construction mesh, and disc dowels.

The work is divided into several key stages:

If the house has already been built, then its foundation will have to be dug up. To do this, make a trench about a meter wide and high around the perimeter of the building. equal to the foundation. Remains of soil are removed from surfaces. Leave for a week to allow the moisture to evaporate.
Surfaces are primed with a latex-based composition. This will help protect cracks and cavities from moisture. For this purpose, you can use mastic.
Expanded polystyrene sheets are attached using glue. You need to press them lightly with your hand so as not to damage the material. In areas of the foundation located above the ground level, the sheets are fixed with disc-shaped dowels. You will first have to drill holes for them using a hammer drill. The sheets are very light, so insulating the foundation of a house with expanded polystyrene from the outside can be done alone.
The seams formed between the EPS boards are sealed with polyurethane foam or rubbed with glue.
The last step is filling the trench with soil. The soil is thoroughly compacted.

PPS, which is located above ground level, does not look aesthetically pleasing, so it will have to be plastered. Before this, a construction mesh is placed on it. Drying time of the layer is 2 days.

Features of applying polyurethane foam

Insulating the foundation base from the outside with polyurethane foam requires special equipment. It is often not advisable to purchase it for finishing a private house. It is more profitable to seek help from professionals.

The work is divided into several stages:

A trench is dug along the perimeter of the building. The foundation is cleaned of contaminants. There is no need to apply primer or mastic to it. Liquid polyurethane foam will independently fill all cracks and voids.
The surfaces are dried. Remove crumbling fragments.
Polyurethane foam is applied. The thickness of the coating is maintained in the range from 3 to 5 cm. In some cases, applying a second layer of polyurethane foam is allowed.
Wait for the insulation to dry completely. After this, a trench is dug. On areas of the foundation that rise above the surface of the earth, carry out Finishing work.

If the surface to be treated has a small area, then you can use polyurethane foam, available in cans. It resembles polyurethane foam and is applied in a similar way.

Backfill method of insulation

Insulating the foundation from the outside with expanded clay does not reliably protect surfaces from moisture. The moisture absorption coefficient of this material reaches 20%, while for PPS it is about 4%. Expanded clay is several times cheaper, and therefore it continues to be used.

The installation process is divided into several stages:

A trench at least half a meter wide is dug around the building.
A layer of waterproofing film is laid on the bottom and walls of the resulting pit.
Fill in expanded clay and level it.
Cover the top with a layer of film.
Pour a layer of sand.

The final stage is the installation of a blind area. This is additional protection of the foundation from low temperatures and moisture. In addition, it performs a decorative function.

How to organize water drainage from the base?

Melt and rain water lead to the destruction of the foundation over time. Often even proper insulation cannot save in such a situation. Therefore, it is important to organize the drainage of liquid from the base of the house. For this purpose, an open or closed drainage system is made.

The easiest way to do it yourself is open drainage. It consists of ditches about 0.5 meters wide and 1 m deep, dug along the entire perimeter of the building. The walls of such a trench are beveled at an angle of 30 degrees for better water drainage. Liquid from the pits must move to drainage well. Therefore, the efficiency of such a system is much higher if the site has a slope.

Closed drainage has recently become the most popular. It consists of pipes that are dug into the ground outside the building around the perimeter. They are laid at an angle to allow water to flow independently into the drainage well. Pipes must be wrapped with geotextiles.

Insulation of various types of foundations

The choice of materials and methods of work will depend on the type of foundation of the house. There are three main options.

Tape

The strip foundation consists of closed system beams placed under all walls of the building. They are made of reinforced concrete, rubble stone or brick. Frame buildings are often built on this foundation.

In this case, the choice of ways to insulate the foundation of a house is widest. You can use any materials: EPS, EPS, polyurethane foam, expanded clay.

When carrying out work, observe the following sequence of actions:

They dig a trench around the perimeter of the building. If the foundation is shallow, this can be done manually with a shovel. Otherwise, it is better to use special equipment.
The bottom of the trench is covered with layers of sand and crushed stone to better outlet moisture.
All foundation surfaces are cleaned. Leave to dry for a week.
Apply a layer of waterproofing. It is better to use polymer or bitumen mastic. If insulation is carried out with liquid polyurethane foam, then this stage can be skipped.
After the waterproofing layer has dried, installation of the insulation begins. The material is laid from top to bottom in horizontal rows.
The structure is left for several days to dry completely. After this, you can bury the trench. If necessary, finishing work is carried out in the above-ground part of the foundation.

Your home should not only be beautiful, warm, but also safe. Therefore, it is important to take a responsible approach to the choice of materials used. Purchase all products only from specialized construction stores. Always check that the seller has certificates and other accompanying documentation for the products.

Columnar and pile

Column and pile structures are a system of free-standing supports. A grillage is subsequently placed on them - a frame onto which the pressure is distributed load-bearing walls building.

Both types of such foundations are similar, but have a number of differences. The pile is buried at a distance of 5 meters or more. It has a smaller cross-sectional area. Can be screw or driven. Its sole functions and side surface. The pillars are dug in just below the freezing point of the soil. Have large section, rest only with the lower part on the ground.

Insulating the foundation takes longer and is more difficult than others. First of all, you need to create a foundation wall, which is called a fence. It is on this that the insulation will subsequently be attached. It can be made from brick or metal profiles on which a wooden board is laid.

An important stage of the work is the insulation of each pillar or pile from moisture. To do this, each support is wrapped in roofing felt. Metal constructions coat them well with mastic, and coat the wooden ones with a special solution that prevents rotting. The grillage beams also need to be treated. The further insulation process will be similar to a strip foundation.

Slab

Slab foundation – monolithic design made of reinforced concrete. It is the most reliable and durable. It can be built on any type of soil.

Insulation of such a base from the outside is possible only at the construction stage. There is no opportunity to do this later.

The process is divided into several stages:

The soil at the base of the dug pit is compacted.
A geomembrane is lined to protect against groundwater.
The pillow is made from a mixture of crushed stone and sand. This will improve load-bearing capacity soil.
A layer of waterproofing is laid. Any roll material is used for this.
Sheet insulation is installed. It is better to use PPS or EPS.
A slab is being made.

If insulation was not carried out at the construction stage, then the only option is to lay the material under the floor screed of the first floor.

Insulation of the foundation of an old wooden house

The choice of method for strengthening the foundation of a house from the outside with your own hands depends on the type of foundation. In old buildings it often turns out to be wooden piles. In this case important stage becomes design processing protective compounds preventing rotting.

Wooden pillars or piles quickly collapse, so it is better to strengthen them by covering them with bricks. You can build new ones from metal or reinforced concrete next to the old supports. The further process of insulating the foundation is no different from that described above.

Protecting the foundation of a building from cold and moisture is an important procedure. If you are not sure about own strength, it is better to entrust the work to professionals. This is the only way to keep your home intact for many years.

Insulation of the foundation of a wooden house

Many owners of wooden houses are faced with the fact that in winter the floor freezes on the 1st floor. This phenomenon can only be eliminated in one way - to insulate the foundation of a wooden house from the outside. Foundation in wooden house erected from different materials. The method of insulating the foundation of a wooden house depends on the type of supporting structure of the building. Modern thermal insulation materials are used to insulate the foundation of the house. This article presents options for insulating foundations of various designs.

The foundation of a wooden house is a supporting structure that is in direct contact with the natural foundation and the structure itself. In addition to its supporting function, the foundation protects housing from the negative influences of the soil. It is important that the base of a wooden house does not cause heat leakage from the home.

The foundation of the house is constantly exposed to moisture penetration from the soil and changes in ambient temperature. In winter, moisture that gets into the body of the base of the structure freezes and destroys the supporting mass. The cold begins to penetrate into the home through cracks. As a result, the floors in the house will always be cold in winter. That is why it is necessary to insulate the base of a wooden house.

It is impossible to insulate an old foundation from below, but its walls are quite accessible for thermal insulation. Since support structures can be various types, then the thermal insulation of the foundation from the outside is carried out differently.

Materials for foundation insulation

Insulation of the foundation must be done at the stage of its construction. Although there are circumstances when careless builders did not take care of this in due time. And now the owners of the house have to re-insulate the base of the wooden house.

The time comes, and homeowners think about which insulation to choose. Among the wide variety of heat-insulating agents, it is necessary to highlight materials suitable for insulating foundations:

expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
expanded clay;
Styrofoam.

All these materials have low thermal conductivity and high resistance to temperature changes.