Brick partitions. Installation of a brick partition and its features How to connect a brick partition to a finished wall

The algorithm for installing self-supporting brick walls differs little from the construction of partitions from other materials. First of all, markings are applied on horizontal and vertical surfaces indicating the width of the future wall and indicating doorways.

Then work on preparing the solution, it is mixed according to a certain recipe, depending on the brand of the main component - cement and the required brand of masonry mixture. As a rule, Portland cement is purchased M400 and M500, and the most common grade of mortar is M50 and M75. The C:P ratio by weight of the simplest recipes is presented in Table 2.

table 2

Mortar brand/Cement brand

To give the solution plasticity and workability, surfactants and air-entraining additives are introduced into the mixture; their permissible percentage content is always written on the packaging. Natural materials, lime paste or clay are also used as plasticizers, but this practice is becoming less and less common in modern construction.

The water-cement ratio also plays an important role in mixing the mortar; it varies between 0.4 - 0.7. Those who have tried to adjust the plasticity of a solution with the amount of water know how the setting time is delayed as it increases, so you should not abuse this technology.

Indeed, the mobility of the mortar for laying solid bricks should be slightly higher than, for example, for hollow or porous bricks. But it is better to achieve the required workability by adding plasticizing compounds. In order for the water to remain in the solution longer, I recommend pre-wetting the brick with water.

After applying the markings and preparing the solution, you can proceed directly to the masonry itself. The first is to lay a leveling layer, which allows you to eliminate surface defects and bring the zero level. Then the first row is laid; the quality of the partition’s construction depends on how correctly this stage of work is completed. Therefore, it is so important to comply with all requirements for straightness in the horizontal and vertical plane. The check is carried out using a level, plumb line and rules. Subsequent rows are laid offset so that the vertical seam of the previous row is located in the middle of the brick of the next row (Fig. 1).

Some minor flaws in the masonry can be eliminated by lightly tapping through the “foreign” one; this must be done before the solution “sets.” This happens as follows: after laying several rows, a flat strip is applied to the surface of a section of the wall and it is tapped with a hammer or pick until there is a complete fit along the entire length of the measuring tool. The procedure is repeated, changing the position of the slats clockwise.

The laying of each subsequent row begins with the installation of a cord - a mooring; it serves as a guide for alignment in the rows.

Masonry with internal reinforcement

If plastering of the surface is planned in the future, then the entire masonry is done without filling the seam. In this case, the adhesive properties of the surface increase many times over. If finishing work is not expected, and in modern design this direction is very popular, then it is necessary to perform the facing masonry with the same width of the seams and their subsequent jointing. For decorative masonry, you can use colored masonry mortars, which are prepared by adding various pigments to the mixture.

The next point that requires close attention is tying the inner wall to the main structures and strengthening its load-bearing capabilities through reinforcement.

The rigidity of the junction is ensured by anchors, which are installed in the load-bearing wall at intervals of 5–6 rows. You can also use a perforated metal mounting strip. It is made in the form of a corner with holes, one of its shelves is attached to the main wall with a dowel, and the other is placed between the rows of the masonry. Thus, a connection appears that connects the two walls to each other, but at the same time the load of the interior partition is not transferred to the supporting structure.

The partition is strengthened through reinforcement; for this, both individual rods with a diameter of 6–8 mm and wire mesh with a diameter of 4 mm are used (Fig. 2).

The reinforcing elements are laid vertically and horizontally, so their intersection forms a frame, the recommended cell size is 525mm x 525mm. The total diameter in places where reinforcement crosses should not exceed the width of the seam, minus 5 mm, which provides a protective layer to the metal structure. If the length of the partition is less than 1.5 m, then reinforcement is permissible only in the horizontal section.

The arrangement of doorways also has its own nuances. Their configuration can have various shapes, rectangular and arched. There are two ways to install a door frame; in the first option, the wooden structure is put in place after applying a leveling layer. It is necessary to provide spacers inside the frame that will prevent deformation during the laying process. When using the second method, you need to have the ideal dimensions of the opening in the wall and the door frame, since its installation is carried out after the completion of construction work.

In the upper part of the rectangular opening, a reinforced concrete lintel, type PB, is laid. They are produced in a variety of sizes, so you can always find the right option.

For a structure in the form of an arch, you will need to make a template of the radius that interests you and, after installing it, complete the laying of the doorway.

It is difficult to calculate that the top row fits clearly between the partition; often there is a gap left, which is filled with halves and quarters of bricks, previously coated with mortar. That's it, the construction of the interior partition is completed. Finishing work can only begin after the cement-sand mixture has gained strength, otherwise there is a risk of deforming or damaging the structure.

Indeed, a huge amount of information can be found about brick as a building material. But it is not enough to have this information; you need to be able to use it wisely. Of course, for most developers, brick is synonymous with good quality, solidity, durability and comfort. That is why it is often preferred when constructing not only load-bearing structures of a house, but also interior partitions. There are currently a great variety of materials for the construction of internal structures, but if the owners want to be sure of the strength of the structure, its durability and reliability, they still choose brick. This is especially true for stationary partitions, which will remain unaffected during future redevelopments. Brick is also used if special requirements are imposed on the insulation of a room, which is why this material is often used to separate plumbing rooms. However, in fairness, it should be noted that not every type of brick will protect you from the murmur of water from a filling bath, etc. And not everyone will provide you with the proper peace and quiet.

What exactly is the matter?

And what else do you need to know about brick, so that after the construction of the interior partition you do not lament the mistakes made and do not regret what you have done? In order to answer this question, you need to have some ideas about the nature of sound and understand that noise has two types: structural and airborne. The first is transmitted through structures, and the second through air vibrations. It is this definition that completely refutes the myth that hollow brick is an excellent material for the construction of internal walls. It's a delusion.

Selecting a material based on soundproofing properties

Undoubtedly, interior partitions made of brick are quite a heavy structure and, wanting to lighten it, many began to use a variety of this material with voids. It is understandable that the specific gravity of solid brick is 1800 - 1950 kg/m3, and that of hollow brick is 1200 - 1650 kg/m3.

However, voids in the product, which greatly increase thermal conductivity, do not work at all as sound insulation. Moreover, the cavities in the brick play the role of a resonator and perfectly transmit the structural component of noise.

The simplest and most reliable way to eliminate this problem is by increasing the density of the separating structure. In order to reduce the resonating properties of the product and sound absorption, it would be necessary to fill them with bulk material, which inevitably led to an increase in weight.

Yes, such a brick is good for cladding external walls, but it is not recommended for interior partitions. Currently, with the increased interest of developers in the soundproofing properties of building materials, some manufacturers have begun to indicate noise absorption parameters in the list of characteristics.

Sometimes they coincide with reality, but most often it is prescribed in what is called “Lazarus at random,” adjusting the numbers to the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards. Unfortunately, the deception is exposed only after construction and repair work is completed.

Finding the truth in this case is quite difficult, but, nevertheless, it is worth stocking up on some information.

Everyone already knows the Rw indicator of 43 dB; this is the noise insulation coefficient that a material must have to protect against household sounds.

For comparison, some data are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1

Against the background of the data presented, the indications stated by some manufacturers, such as porous brick δ 115 mm with Rw 52 dB, seem very suspicious. Agree, such values ​​may give rise to some thoughts.

The next, not very successful example of reducing the mass of a structure is laying bricks on an edge. Of course, the difference is noticeable if, when erecting a half-brick wall, it will take you on average per square meter

10000 cm2/(6.5+1cm x 12+1cm) ~ 103 pcs.,

accordingly, its mass will be about 360 kg, and a quarter of a brick

10000 cm2/(25+1cm x 12+1cm) ~ 30 pcs., weight per square meter 105 kg,

Where +1cm is taking into account the width of the seam. Plus plaster, but we don’t take its weight into account, since it will be approximately the same in both cases. Did you feel the difference? And if we have found out that the ability to absorb structural sound directly depends on the mass of the separating structures, judge for yourself which of them is more reliable.

Brickwork, reinforced mesh

No, if the purpose of the wall is purely decorative and not functional, then please. But if you plan to get an isolated room as a result of reconstruction, then we do not recommend using the method of laying bricks on an edge. Not only does a wall thickness of a quarter of a brick - 65 mm, not provide high-quality sound insulation, its strength characteristics also do not inspire confidence, especially if the wall size exceeds 2.5 meters, both in length and height.

It is worth noting that the construction of such a structure requires a lot of diligence and patience. Due to the small size of the support, quarter brick masonry is very unstable and according to all the rules, only 5 - 7 rows can be laid per day.

Then you need to give time

so that the masonry mortar “sets” and gains a certain strength, after which you can begin to continue work. Due to the vulnerability of the structure in the first hours, masonry is often carried out using guides, which will require additional time and money.

To speed up the process and more complete hydration of the cement-sand mortar, fresh masonry is covered with insulating material. This is necessary in order to maintain the humidity regime, and in winter to prevent the access of cold air.

To briefly summarize the above, it follows that for the construction of interior partitions it is recommended to use solid products with half-brick masonry technology.

And a little about the quality characteristics of bricks. To carry out construction work indoors, preference is most often given to ceramic bricks, this is explained by the best indicators of moisture resistance, strength in a saturated state and air permeability. This is really very important, especially when constructing partitions to separate sanitary facilities: toilets, baths and saunas.

The purpose of partitions is to divide into parts the internal space of the house, enclosed by load-bearing walls.

Brick partitions are laid out with a thickness of 12 cm (in ½ brick) and 6.5 cm (brick “on edge”). When the length of partitions laid out “on edge” is more than 1.5 m, they are also reinforced with wire every 2–3 rows in height.

The thickness of brick partitions is equal to ¼ brick for a partition length of up to 3 m and a height of up to 2.7 m, and for longer lengths and heights – ½ brick. In cases where it is necessary to make a ventilation duct in the partition, their thickness must be increased to 38 cm.

The partitions are laid on a mortar of grade no lower than 100, for stability they are reinforced with steel reinforcement rods with a diameter of no more than 6 mm, and in places where they interface with the walls, they are driven in with steel ruffs or pins.

For laying the corners of partitions with a thickness of ½ and ¼ brick, templates are used from boards, planed on the outside and planed on the inside working side. The template is installed along a plumb line - at a distance between the floor and ceiling of the room. Corner bricks are laid close to the template with bandaging.

To give the partitions rigidity, every 5–6 rows of masonry, two rods of reinforcing wire with a diameter of 3–4 mm are laid at a distance of 20 mm from the edges of the partition.

To ensure that the partitions are held firmly between the walls, through grooves (grooves) or separate holes (sockets) 2–5 cm deep are punched into the latter. The nests are chosen so that every 5–6 rows 2–3 rows of masonry partitions can be wedged into them.

The laying of partitions is carried out in the same way as the laying of brick walls.

It is best to do the masonry by emptying it, followed by plastering with lime or lime-gypsum mortar.

The top of the masonry partition often does not reach the ceiling by 2–5 cm.

Sometimes this space is filled with mortar and pieces of brick. You can also fill it with tow soaked in gypsum solution and compact it well. When the gypsum sets, it expands and adheres tightly to the partition and ceiling.

The necessary rigidity of the partition is given by mandatory wedging every meter, as well as the placement of soft wire with a diameter of 2.8 mm stretched and fastened to nails in every 2nd row.

If the partition sways and its rigidity is questionable, this is the result of poor wedging. It is not recommended to wedge the partition immediately after installation, since the solution in it cannot yet fully withstand the pressure and, when wedging, begins to be squeezed out of the seams. It is best to carry out wedging the next day, when the solution reaches the required strength.

It is impossible to obtain the required rigidity of the partition with loose and weakly tensioned wire. It is also very important to ensure the rigidity of the brick partition with a thickness of ½ brick. They often make a mistake when, when remodeling premises, they forget to make a connection with the walls half a brick deep at the four corners of the partition.

Until the required strength is achieved (8–10 days), the bathroom partitions should not be touched.

A typical mistake during reconstruction and redevelopment of apartments is installing a partition on the surface: parquet, plank flooring. In this case, the floor under the partition collapses, rots, and the partition itself sags.

Subsidence of the partition is also possible if it is installed directly on the slag bedding of the floor. Under the influence of loads and other factors, the bedding becomes compacted and shifts.

Subsidence of the partition occurs when it is installed on a “floating” concrete screed. Under the influence of the partition's own weight and the force developed from wedging, the concrete screed cracks and the partition sags. The correct solution is to install a partition on a rigid floor structure.

The weight of 1 m² of brick partition is significant (about 288 kg), so it is advisable to rest it on a special foundation. Reinforced concrete floor slabs used in residential buildings are usually designed for a load of 300 and 400 kgf/m², which allows even brick partitions with a thickness of 120 mm to be laid on them. In houses with floors on wooden beams, the installation of partitions must be approached more thoughtfully.

It is the wrong thing to do if immediately after the construction of the partition, especially during redevelopment, they begin plastering work. The partition still experiences shrinkage for several days, some movement is observed, so cracks appear on the fresh plaster. If prestressed reinforced concrete beams are installed at a distance from each other greater than the norm, then cracks will very soon form in the partitions resting on them.

To eliminate audibility between apartments, double partitions are erected with an air gap between them of 2–6 cm. Practice shows that such a solution is effective only if the walls are erected without deviations from technology requirements. Often walls are laid everywhere in the same way, on the same mortar, hence the frequency of their own vibrations will be the same, which negatively affects sound insulation.

Good sound insulation is obtained by laying one of the walls on lime, the other on reinforced lime-cement mortar. Sound insulation is compromised if the resulting air gap in the wall is narrowed either by protruding bricks or mortar. It is unacceptable for the walls of the double partition to touch each other.

To prevent sounds from penetrating from below, the partition is installed on a double layer of roofing felt. A good effect is obtained by making a gasket under the partition from cork or other soundproofing material.

Bathroom partitions ½ and ¼ brick thick are arranged using a template. The template for unmarked laying of bathroom walls is established according to the marks applied.

The first two rows of masonry are made according to the template, the quality is checked using the rule, and then the template is removed. Then install corner templates or regular orders and continue laying the walls. As the masonry proceeds, metal ruffs are hammered into the seams of the adjacent walls (2-3 ruffs along the height of the wall), tying reinforcement rods to them with soft wire.

In the process of laying partitions on each side of the doorway at a height of 1/3–

1/4 of the opening from the bottom and top, wooden antiseptic plugs are installed in the masonry (their size is usually equal to ½ brick) for subsequent fastening of door frames to them.

Laying junctions of partitions When crossing walls, the butt rows of one wall are moved a quarter of a brick away from the other wall and quarters are laid in this gap. With subsequent spoon rows, the bonded rows of both intersecting walls are tied into ¼ or ½ bricks. In this case, when intersecting the rows of spoons, the intersecting walls do not seem to pass through the main wall, but only go deeper into it by ½ brick.

The junctions of the walls are carried out in the same way as when laying the intersection of walls.

When walls are not erected simultaneously, junctions can be made in the form of vertical multi-row or single-row fines. In these cases, steel rods with a diameter of 8 mm are laid in the external walls, which are placed three in a row at least 2 m apart along the height of the masonry, as well as at the level of each floor. The rods must have a length of at least 1 m from the junction angle and end with an anchor.

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The All-Ukrainian TV channel in the program “Breakfast with 1+1” interviewed Roman Kirigetov, the founder of the Kabanchik.ua project, live about how the service works and how to safely order the services of private specialists in Ukraine.

An almost obligatory stage of any construction work is bricklaying - brick buildings are traditionally and rightly considered reliable, durable and suitable for our climate.

Laying bricks correctly is a difficult task. The building codes and regulations describe the requirements for such work. It is worth noting right away that a beginner will not cope with the task efficiently: only an experienced mason can build perfectly smooth walls.

Features of bricklaying

The quality of brickwork is influenced by many factors: the characteristics of the material itself, the mobility of the mortar, and the ideal horizontality of the structure.

Professionals know how to achieve quality in their work. In addition, they know how to work quickly: an experienced mason will not delay construction deadlines. The most popular services ordered from specialists:

Laying facing bricks.

This is the most complex and time-consuming process. It requires neatness, cleanliness and precision at the same time. Facing bricks are usually laid immediately after the construction of main walls (in some cases, an insulating layer is provided between the walls and the facade).

Most often, modern customers are interested in laying clinker facing bricks - the material is quite expensive, so it requires special care. Brick laying for jointing. It is performed in cases where no finishing is planned on the brick surface, so it is important to provide it with an aesthetic and finished appearance.

Almost always, this method of masonry is used for finishing bricks, and in a large number of cases - for bricks from which main walls are built. The craftsman is required, in particular, to immediately remove excess mortar from the seams. Brick walls.

Brick walls are erected using the “press” or “butt” masonry method. The first method is used for fairly rigid solutions, the second for plastic ones. There are many standardized types of masonry and dressing - the master chooses the desired option, focusing on the characteristics of the object.

Who should be entrusted with laying bricks?

Ideal brick laying is assessed according to the following characteristics:

strength; horizontal; aesthetics; no protruding parts.

Prices for bricklaying in Kyiv

Cost of bricklayingPrice, UAH/m2 Façade. facing brick from 200 UAH. Partitions in 1/2 brick (rough masonry) from 80 UAH. Rough wall from 300 UAH. Wall for jointing from 400 UAH. Wall made of aerated block or foam block from 250 UAH. Partition from aerated block or foam block from 250 UAH. Laying walls from cinder block from UAH 300

Are you interested in high-quality bricklaying in Kyiv at an affordable price? The Kabanchik service will help you find an experienced craftsman who will cope with the task quickly and inexpensively.

You can find a specialist in just 5 minutes: this time is enough to fill out the task, wait for applications and choose the best performer. You can offer your price and set a convenient time frame for the work. When choosing a specialist, use reviews, ratings and portfolios - this will allow you to accurately identify a professional.

The installation of an internal brick partition is still quite popular today. If it is not recommended to build them in apartments of multi-storey buildings, since the weight of the brickwork creates an excessive load on the floors and supporting structures, then in private houses and country cottages they are installed almost everywhere.

The brick partition is durable and provides good heat and sound insulation.

Although they take longer and are more difficult to construct than their drywall, plywood or plank counterparts, they are much stronger and provide better thermal and sound insulation. The most important practical advantage of a brick partition is that although it does not bear a supporting load and usually does not require a special foundation, it is strong enough to withstand hanging shelves, cabinets and other similar structures without additional support reinforcement.

Types of bricklaying.

Before starting masonry, you must first of all calculate the required amount of materials that will be used to build the partition. Since the partition runs through the interior, its thickness can be significantly less than that of external walls. Considering that a standard brick has dimensions of 250 by 120 with a thickness of 65 mm, the partition is usually placed 1/2 or less often 1/4 brick in thickness.

If in the first case it is simply placed on a plane with its side facing out, then in the second it is placed on the edge. The first option is used much more often, since the thickness and strength of the partition is much higher. At the same time, we should not forget that during the laying process, some of the bricks need to be split into pieces, which inevitably leads to waste, so you need to purchase it with some reserve.

The basis for a brick partition, as a rule, is the surface of a concrete floor. It usually does not require a foundation, but there are also cases when it cannot be done without it. This happens when the base for the masonry is the earthen floor of the basement or if the surface of the floor has a certain curvature.

Construction of a foundation for a brick partition.

In the first case, a ditch the width of a brick and a depth of about 120-150 mm is dug in the ground, which is well wetted and filled with cement mortar and sand in a ratio of 1 to 3. In the second case, the surface of the concrete floor, covered for better adhesion with a special network of grooves, is simply A layer of such a solution is placed, and its surface is leveled using a level. In both cases, the foundation must harden well before starting masonry.

The marking of future masonry is done directly on the floor to the surface of the adjacent wall. It must be free of foreign deposits and perfectly smooth. Using a long straight ruler, draw two parallel lines, spaced apart by the width of a brick.

Along the wall it should reach the ceiling, and on the floor take into account the width of the doorway, if provided. The quality of the entire partition depends on the correct marking, so when drawing vertical lines on the wall it is better to use a plumb line or a long spirit level. It is better to spend extra time and check everything several times, since it will be almost impossible to correct the flaws of a wall that has already been built from brick.

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Diagram of a brick partition.

In the absence of a foundation, which happens most often, the first row of bricks is placed on a previously notched and generously moistened floor, strictly according to the markings. Under it is placed a layer of an aqueous solution of cement with fine sifted river sand, mixed in a ratio of 1 to 3 to the consistency of thick sour cream. The width of this layer should be from 80 to 100 mm, and the height from 15 to 20 mm.

Under the weight of the bricks, it will give a mortar joint thickness of 10 to 12 mm. To do this, lightly tap the laid brick with the handle of a trowel. A little mortar is also placed on the end of the brick with a trowel, and it will be used to attach it to the end of the next one.

For the first brick in the row, this procedure is carried out with both ends, since it must be adjacent to the wall. To ensure that the row runs smoothly, a special cord is stretched from the wall to the opposite wall. Excess mortar protruding along the seams must be immediately removed with a trowel.

The second row of bricks should start not with a whole brick, but with half a brick.

Every other row will start this way, allowing the bricks to be staggered, creating a bandaged seam. This order will give the masonry the necessary strength. Approximately every fifth row should be attached to an adjacent wall, and the method of attachment depends on the material from which the wall is built.

Laying a quarter-brick partition using a guide board: 1 - loop; 2 - stand; 3 - hole; 4 - nail; 5 - board; 6 - partition.

If it is made of brick or stone, then a piece of metal rod or reinforcement approximately 300 mm in length and from 5 to 8 mm in thickness is driven into it at the height of the next row of masonry of the partition. If the wall is concrete, then the fastening element is a metal plate in the shape of the letter “L” with a number of holes on the surface. One side of it, using specially drilled holes, is attached to the wall with screws on plastic dowels, and the other is walled up in the brickwork.

Each row should be laid along a stretched cord, starting from the foundation or floor, and the vertical should be periodically checked using a plumb line every 3 or 4 rows. If a doorway is provided in the partition, then it is best to install the door frame at the very beginning, when the first row of bricks is laid.

It must be carefully leveled and secured with temporary spacers, and then the masonry must be adjacent to it. The brick should be laid close to it, and every 5 rows a fastening plate should be inserted in the shape of the letter “L”, similar to the one that secures the masonry to a concrete wall. There should be no foundations in the doorway.

A brick partition is designed to divide one room into several in order to increase their fire safety, sound insulation or change functionality. It has high strength and load-bearing capabilities, so it is possible to lay communications inside or on the surface: pipes, electrical wiring, communication cables.

Perform the following functions:

• Soundproofing, which will reduce acoustic and structural external noise indoors.
• Thermal insulation, in the case of using insulation with the necessary technical characteristics.
• Fire-resistant, preventing the spread of fire for a certain time.
• Sections of rooms with high humidity (bathrooms and kitchens) and/or temperature (workshops, boiler rooms).

The nuances of constructing a partition

Brickwork creates a load of several hundred kilograms per linear meter (depending on thickness and height). Therefore, it is important to make sure that the structure being built will have a reliable foundation:

• in private houses, an auxiliary foundation is provided at the design stage;
• in multi-storey buildings, installation is allowed only on reinforced concrete floors if the total weight is significantly lower than the maximum loads.

Installation of the partition is possible in accordance with the requirements of SP 15.13330.2012:

• the thickness of the ceiling made of stone or concrete is at least 12 cm, from reinforced concrete - from 6 cm;
• room height up to 6 m;
• the thickness of the load-bearing walls is more than 12 cm.

If the maximum height exceeds 6 m, then such a structure is considered self-supporting and is subject to more stringent requirements for technical parameters and materials used.

Suitable Brick Types

Interior partitions can be erected using the following types:

• Ceramic, with high tensile strength and resistance to moisture. Available in full and hollow, a wide range of colors and textures are available. Its disadvantage is the possible appearance of salt deposits on the surface.
• Silicate, characterized by low cost, optimal strength characteristics, frost resistance and durability. Disadvantages include high moisture absorption and weight.

The use of ceramic blocks is beneficial for the construction of structures with unique decorative properties, when it is necessary to minimize the load on the base, for the purpose of operation in conditions of high moisture. It is appropriate to erect silicate partitions in residential and utility rooms with a large margin of safety of the floors, as well as in cases of a limited budget.

The construction of non-load-bearing walls will be simplified, and the service life will be maximum possible when choosing bricks of the appropriate quality that meet the requirements of SP 15.13330.2012:

• deviations in length and width – no more than 4 mm, and in height – up to 2 mm;
• maximum curvature of block geometry (faces and edges) – up to 3 mm;
• The presence of chips, cracks, salt deposits and other defects is not acceptable.

Brick laying methods

The minimum wall thickness must be more than 60 mm. It is permissible to use the following schemes:

• rib (65 mm), allowing maximum savings on construction and saving room space;
• half a brick (120 mm), thanks to which you can get a strong and reliable wall with high load-bearing capacity.

Reinforcement of walls and partitions made of bricks when placing them on edge or installing communications and suspended structures is mandatory. This is due to the need to distribute the load evenly and avoid destruction.

Reinforcement is carried out with steel rods with a diameter of 2-6 mm or mesh with cell sizes from 30x30 to 60x60 mm. It is recommended to place them evenly at intervals of 4-5 rows. In this case, the reinforcing layer is securely attached to the load-bearing walls and floor with dowels or inserted into them to a depth of at least 8-10 cm. If it is planned to apply plaster, then the metal elements are made to protrude beyond the masonry by 2-3 mm.

Reinforcement with rods and mesh is carried out according to the principle of creating butting seams, the thickness of which should be 2 mm greater than the diameter of the metal layer. They are selected so that cement consumption is minimal and the brick partitions have sufficient strength.

How to achieve the required level of sound insulation?

Sound insulation allows you to ensure an optimal acoustic environment in the premises. Therefore, structures must be designed and constructed taking into account the following requirements:

• a structural rigid decoupling from load-bearing walls and ceilings is required using special soundproofing membranes, as well as fastening elements;
• the thickness of the partition should be as large as possible, and the structure itself should be more massive; the presence of cracks and any other defects is not allowed;
• The use of soundproofing materials is recommended.

Properly executed sound insulation of a structure with a thickness of 150 mm allows you to achieve a level of airborne noise absorption of up to 47 dB.

How to increase fire resistance?

Depends largely on the selected block type:

• ceramic interior partitions retain fire resistance up to +900°C, they do not melt, crumble or crack after a fire, but they will not withstand repeated fire and will collapse;
• silicate brickwork retains its structure at temperatures up to +700°C, but above this value the performance characteristics deteriorate and embrittlement occurs.

Fire resistance must be taken into account in the construction project and implemented constructively, since if errors are made, they are technically quite difficult to correct. A 65 mm wall can withstand a fire for 45 minutes, and a 120 mm wall can withstand fire 4 times longer. If the construction was made from hollow blocks, then the indicator is reduced by 0.5 and 1 hour, respectively.

You can improve the indicator like this:

• reinforcement using refractory steel;
• Concreting or plastering external surfaces;
• using protection with fire-resistant coatings or layers;
• the construction of partitions should be carried out with the installation of mineral wool heat-insulating materials;
• the brickwork must be made so that the cross-sectional thickness is greater and provides the required level of fire safety.

Fire resistance also increases if the construction of the wall does not involve the use of highly flammable and combustible materials.

Technological features of masonry

The following features of the laying of partitions are distinguished:

1. installation of bricks is carried out at temperatures above +5°C;

3. the solution requires the use of cement grade M400;

4. reinforcement of the lower and upper layers is performed with rods with a diameter of 6-8 mm;

5. the height of the seams should be the same;

6. Laying rows is carried out in 3-4 rows, after which the work is interrupted until the solution sets;

7. all stages of work must be accompanied by mandatory control of the evenness of the rows;

8. if the height of the last row is less than the size of the brick, then the space is filled with cement mortar using reinforcement;

9. If sudden temperature changes may occur in the premises, then it is necessary to use expansion joints at points of contact with load-bearing walls.

The arrangement of internal partitions made of brick is considered a traditional, “classical” way of constructing such structures.

When laying bricks next to the door frame in a row, it is necessary to lay L-shaped brackets.

They are characterized by durability, strength, and a high degree of fire resistance.

The mineral nature of the material provides a high level of sound insulation, and the absence of cavities does not allow rodents to infest. The downside is that such a structure has a considerable weight, and laying brick partitions is considered a “wet” job involving the use of cement mortar.

Features of construction

Rules for laying out bricks: a - 2.5 bricks, b - 1.5 bricks, c - 1 brick; 1 - for the tychkovy verst, 2 - for the spoon verst.

In order to somehow smooth out the main drawback, partitions are usually placed in half a brick (12 cm) or on an edge (the resulting thickness is 6.5 cm). Hollow bricks are also sometimes used, but then the quality of sound insulation decreases.

Installation of structures is carried out before the installation of a cement screed. To ensure maximum stability and adhesion to the building, metal reinforcement is inserted into the floor slab (base) by drilling, which is then secured in the vertical seam of the partition.

In some cases, it is possible to attach to the ceiling using metal profiles and dowels. It is necessary to level with cement mortar the part of the base on which the partition will rest. It is undesirable in places with high humidity, since it does not have sufficient resistance to its effects. After erecting the partition, the surface must be plastered.

The thickness of only 12 cm makes it necessary to take additional measures to strengthen the brick structure. Reinforcement is usually used: after 4-5 rows, metal reinforcement or fine mesh is placed in a horizontal seam, the ends of which are inserted into one of the main structures of the building or secured with dowels. If it is long, then additional vertical reinforcement is used with the help of rods and mesh, passed through the seams and fixed at the base. Particularly difficult is the construction of a partition less than 12 cm thick, that is, “on the edge” of a brick. Such a structure is very shaky, so construction is usually carried out in stages, with the construction of 4-5 rows and their subsequent drying.

Preparatory work

The general construction plan indicates all partitions, their sizes, as well as methods and materials of fastening to load-bearing walls.

At the first stage, it is necessary to take measurements of the future partition in order to calculate the required amount of brick. The brick structure can have a thickness of 12 or 6.5 cm (the stone is placed on its edge). The dimensions of a standard brick are 250x120x65 mm; when calculating, take into account the thickness of the mortar joint, which is 12 mm.

To build a structure at a height, you will need trestles, which can be made from available materials - boards, bars. You can also make a container for mixing the solution (if you don’t have one) yourself - to do this, take a 200-liter steel barrel and cut it lengthwise with a grinder. All that remains is to place the bars for stability - and you can knead!

The solution requires high-quality sand. You can use regular one, after sifting it first. To do this, use a metal mesh; fits well with the old, “Soviet-style” bed. In addition to bricks you will need:

The partition in the brick floor must be additionally secured at the junction of the load-bearing walls.

• cement (grade not lower than M500);
• water;
• mason's hammer ("pick");
• trowel or trowel;
• reinforcing bars or fine mesh;
• dowels or metal profile for attaching a 12 cm thick brick partition to the base;
• building level, plumb line;
• rule (well-planed strip 1.5-2 m long);
• nylon cord.

If necessary, plastic additives can be purchased to add to the solution. They can prolong the “workability” of the mixture or ensure its quality at low air temperatures. The door frame is installed in advance and fixed with spacers.

Construction of a brick partition

When carrying out masonry, a nylon cord (order) is usually pulled so that the masonry is carried out strictly horizontally.

Prepare the base: clean it down to the floor slab. If there is plaster on the walls, it must be knocked down. Clean the surface to which the partition will adjoin with a broom from dust and moisten it with water. Place the brick so that it can be easily reached without getting in the way.

1. First you need to mix the solution at the rate of 3 parts cement and 1 part sand. To do this, pour both ingredients into a half-barrel and mix dry with a shovel. Then make a funnel in the middle and add water there, mix everything. The finished mixture should resemble the consistency of good sour cream. The solution dries quite quickly, so mix it for no more than an hour of work. If the mixture begins to harden, simply stir it (it is not recommended to add water).
2. In the place where you plan to lay the first row of a 12 cm brick partition, pull a nylon thread. Using it as a guide, place the mortar (its strip should be a little wider than necessary) and bricks on it. They must be carefully leveled. The first row should be as horizontal as possible.
3. When laying bricks next to the door frame in a row, it is necessary to lay L-shaped brackets that will fix the frame in the desired position. Laying is carried out in compliance with the order, i.e. the vertical seams should not coincide. Bandaging allows you to make the wall monolithic.
4. After the laying of the 1st row is completed, proceed to the second. To do this, pull the cord and lay out a row along it. Check each laid stone with a building level, as a rule, and starting from the 3-4th row, use a plumb line to check verticality.
5. Every 3-4 rows it is necessary to carry out reinforcement using a fine mesh. Its fastening is carried out using dowels nailed to the walls. As a lintel over the doorway, you can use a channel or a wooden block wrapped in waterproofing material (for example, roofing felt).
6. When the brick wall reaches the ceiling, a small gap will remain. To fill it, you can use fragments of broken bricks, which must be covered with mortar. During work, constantly monitor verticality using a plumb line and horizontality using a level; Then it will be very difficult to correct the flaws.

After the laying of the 12 cm brick partition is completed, you can immediately begin plastering the surface. If it was used, then during the work the mason must embroider the seams with a special tool. If you intend to carry out any communications, then you should acquire in advance sections of metal pipes of suitable diameter and length. The resulting gap is best sealed with foam. Before the solution in the partition has more or less set (7-10 days), the wall cannot be touched.

Basic rules for the construction of partitions

1. Sometimes a 12 cm brick partition is laid to achieve the best sound insulation with the aim of constructing a double wall with an air gap. For the same purposes, roofing material (double layer) is laid over the ceiling. Even better results can be achieved if you use a cement-sand mortar to install one of the walls, and a lime-cement mortar for the other.
2. If the partition of 12 cm is small or the stone is placed on its edge, then it is possible to use templates according to which the first couple of rows are laid out.
3. Before installation, the door frame must be treated with antiseptic and fire-resistant compounds.
4. If 12 cm brick partitions are installed in a new house, then it is better to install the mortgages for attaching them to the walls in advance.

Brick walls freely allow the mounting of any shelves, cabinets and equipment. A well-laid partition will not only fulfill its main function, i.e., divide the living space, but also provide good sound insulation between the individual parts of the room and comfortable living.