Floor slabs are hollow. Size of hollow core floor slabs: design features, size and weight characteristics, grades, calculation of the maximum permissible load

The products have the following main specifications- length, width and load. Standard load – 800 kg/m2. The length requirement for the support is at least 15 cm.

Advantages in relation to a monolithic slab:

• Taking into account the work, the cost per m2 is 25-30% lower;
• Installation speed;
• Sound insulation (due to voids).

To the disadvantage This includes the need for space to install a truck crane.

Plates for private construction

For private construction, hollow-core floor slabs are used, which come in several types:

They differ in production technology according to GOST 9561-91 and some functional features.

Technological features

PC slabs – formwork formation. Prestressed reinforcement and a mesh of transverse reinforcement are laid longitudinally into the molds placed on the vibrating table. Then it is filled with concrete of the appropriate grade. The products are then passed through steaming chambers to speed up the chemical processes.

PCs come in increments of 30 cm in length and have technological voids. The voids improve noise, vibration and thermal insulation, and also make the product lighter. Technological holes are used for laying communications.

Pros are a technology that has been proven and proven over the years, and is relatively low cost.

PB slabs are formed without formwork. It is formed on a conveyor belt and then cut in increments of 10 cm. Metal ropes are laid transversely into the base. It's pretty new technology production.

pros They have a whiter, smoother and smooth surface.

PNO slabs are lightweight. They are designed mainly to cover the ceiling of a house, provided that there will be a non-living area there. This is due to the fact that they have poor noise and vibration insulation.

Plus is much lighter compared to PC and PB, which significantly reduces the load on load-bearing walls.

Plates by length

In our catalog you can find slabs of any length you are interested in.

Iron concrete plates ceilings (SC) are products widely used in the construction of multi-storey industrial buildings, residential and non-residential buildings.

They are often used in the construction of cottages and dachas, as well as for laying heating mains and tunnels. The scope of application of reinforced concrete products has been expanded due to the ease of installation and universal use, because these building units can be combined with materials such as ordinary concrete, blocks, bricks and panels. It is only important to correctly calculate the load and take into account their weight.

Types of floor slabs

Depending on the use in a particular industry, reinforced concrete PPs can differ in their structure, weight, and can be monolithic (solid) or hollow (contain channels of different sections).

Equipment for the production of floor slabs may differ slightly, but in general the production process goes through the same stages.

• Hollow-core products are used to create floors in residential and industrial buildings. The voids (or channels) are filled with air, which during the operation of buildings increases the thermal insulation of the room and also reduces the noise level. Moreover, such slabs are much lighter than monolithic structures.
• Lightweight hollow core slabs are used in the construction of buildings when it is necessary to reduce the load on the foundation.
• Solid channel PCBs are suitable for creating communication systems.
• Solid additional prefabricated PPs are used in construction when the floor slab plays the role of a load-bearing part of the structure.
• Ribbed reinforced concrete products suitable for the construction of industrial buildings and non-residential premises mainly due to the protruding ribs at the bottom of the slab.

Technical characteristics of floor slabs

The height of the PP does not exceed 220 mm. The weight of the floor slab ranges from 900 kg to 2500 kg and depends on the length and width.

Most often, reinforced concrete products are used in construction, the size of which is 6000 x 3000 mm, although the maximum length of the slab can reach 9000 mm. The cross-section of the voids inside the floor panels can be round, oval or in the shape of arches of varying heights. In this case, you can use universal equipment for the production of floor slabs.

What are the requirements for software?

Floor panels must be durable, since they bear the main load both from the structure itself and from objects located inside.

Due to sufficient rigidity, quality slabs do not sag under loads, which means they cannot break. When laying, pay attention to integrity: there should be no breaks or splits of more than 1 mm on the products.

Correctly selected equipment for the production of floor slabs makes it possible to obtain reinforced concrete products that prevent the penetration of moisture into the structure, are fire-resistant, gas-resistant and economical to operate. The presence of high-quality reinforcement ensures sufficient rigidity and strength of the panels, and thanks to the internal voids, the process of laying internal communications is greatly facilitated.

Obtaining a PP form

Various reinforced concrete products are created by molding a concrete mass. Floor panels are no exception. However, here, as in any production process, there are exceptions and peculiarities. This technology for the production of floor slabs is characterized by the use of many mechanisms. This is convenient when workshops or factories operate with a limited assortment.

The mold for manufacturing PP is installed on a special vibrating table and fixed using an electromagnet in a stationary state. B prepared metal pan reinforcement mesh is laid, which is the key to the strength and rigidity of the future product.

On one side of the equipment there are holes through which special pipes - poissons - enter. They are needed to create voids inside the slabs. Reinforcing mesh is also placed on top, and the entire structure is carefully poured concrete mortar. It should be mentioned that the bottom layer of reinforcement is denser and the metal rods are thicker.

After the metal tray is covered with a lid, a vibrating table forces the mold to move, resulting in the mixture being compacted tightly. At the end of the process, the poissons are returned to their place and voids remain in the slab. It is very convenient to use such a machine for the production of floor slabs, since the main process is carried out quickly and efficiently, which is very important when producing large batches identical reinforced concrete products.

Finishing, steaming and heat treatment

Special tunnels (walk-throughs), the height of which does not exceed 1 m, allow you to create a continuous cycle of work. Inside, a conveyor with molded floor slabs moves slowly, which are evenly treated with steam. The length of the chambers and the speed of movement of reinforced concrete products are designed so that the panels pass high-quality processing. As a rule, this takes at least a day. In one day ready-made slabs the floors can be sent to the warehouse.

Floor slabs are called horizontal structures, which perform the function of interfloor or attic partitions installed between the roof and top floor Houses. IN modern construction usually resort to installation concrete floors, and it does not matter at all how many levels the building has. In this article we will look at the types and sizes of floor slabs that are most often used on construction sites. These products make up the main share of products produced at concrete factories.

Purpose of the design

Load-bearing structures are made from heavy or lightweight concrete, but strengthen their structure with reinforcement, which gives strength to the products. On modern market building materials all standard types of reinforced concrete slabs are presented, which can be divided into several categories depending on their width, length, weight, and other equally important parameters that affect the main characteristics of the products.

The most common classification method concrete panels consists in dividing them by cross-sectional type. There are also several more distinctive characteristics that we will definitely consider in our article.

PC hollow-core reinforced concrete panels

These are some of the most common types of products produced at concrete factories, which are equally well suited for the construction of private and multi-storey building. Also, multi-hollow PC products are widely used in the construction of massive industrial buildings, with their help they provide protection for heating mains.

Hollow-core floor slabs are characterized by the presence of voids

The smooth, flat surface that round-hollow reinforced concrete panels have allows for the installation of reliable floors between floors that can withstand impressive loads. This design is equipped with cavities with sections various shapes and diameter, which are:

• round;
• oval;
• semicircular.

Technological voids, which are filled with air during the installation process, are in high demand due to this feature, which indicates the advantages of this particular block configuration. The undeniable advantages of a PC include:

1. Significant savings in raw materials, which reduces the cost of the finished product.
2. High coefficient of thermal and noise insulation, improving performance characteristics the buildings.
3. Round hollow panels are an excellent solution for laying communication lines (wires, pipes).

Reinforced concrete structures of this type can be divided into subgroups, and then we will tell you what types of hollow-core floors and based on what characteristics they can be classified into one or another subgroup. This information will be important for the correct choice of material depending on the technological requirements of construction.

The slabs differ in the installation method: 1 PKT has three supporting sides, while 1 PKT can be laid on all four sides.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the size of the internal voids - the smaller the diameter of the holes, the more durable and stronger the round hollow panels. For example, samples 2PKT and 1 PKK have similar width, thickness, length and number of supporting sides, but in the first case the diameter of the hollow holes is 140 mm, and in the second - 159 mm.

As for the strength of products produced by factories, their performance is directly affected by the thickness, which on average is 22 cm. There are also more massive panels with a thickness of 30 cm, and when pouring lightweight samples, this parameter is maintained within 16 cm, while in In most cases, lightweight concrete is used.

Separately, it is worth mentioning the load-bearing capacity of PC products. For the most part, hollow-core PC floors, according to generally accepted standards, can withstand a load of 800 kg/m2. For the construction of massive industrial buildings, slabs made of stressed concrete are used, this parameter is increased to a calculated value of 1200-1250 kg/m2. Design load is a weight that exceeds the same value of the product itself.

Manufacturers produce reinforced concrete panels of standard sizes, but sometimes the parameters can differ significantly. The length of the PC can vary in the range of 1.5 m - 1.6 m, and their width is 1 m, 1.2 m, 1.5 m and 1.8 m. The lightest and smallest floors weigh less than half a ton, while the most massive and heaviest samples weigh 4,000 kg.

Circular hollow-core structures are very convenient to use, because the developer always has the opportunity to select the material required size, and this is another secret of the popularity of this product. Having familiarized ourselves with the most common PC products, which include hollow-core floor slabs, and having examined their types and sizes, we suggest moving on to other products of a similar purpose.

Prefabricated ribbed (U-shaped) panels

Your name data reinforced concrete structures obtained thanks to a special configuration with two longitudinal stiffeners, and they are used in the construction of non-residential premises and as load-bearing elements for laying heating plants and water supply networks. To strengthen reinforced concrete products at the stage of pouring them, reinforcement is carried out, which, coupled with a special shape, leads to savings in raw materials, gives them special strength and makes them resistant to bending. It is not customary to install them as jumpers between floors for a residential building, since here you will have to deal with an unaesthetic ceiling, which is quite difficult to provide with communications and cover with cladding. There are also subtypes here; let’s look at the differences between products within the same group.

Design ribbed slabs is different high strength

First and main distinctive feature U-shaped structures lie in their size, or more precisely, in terms of height, which is 30 or 40 cm. In the first case, we are faced with products that are used in the construction of public buildings and as bridges between the upper floor of the house and attic space. For massive, large-scale commercial and industrial buildings, slabs with a height of 40 cm are usually chosen. The width of the ribbed floors can be 1.5 or 3 m (for more durable samples), and their weight ranges from 1.5 to 3 tons (in rare cases up to 7 t). Precast ribbed concrete slabs are characterized by the following lengths:

• 12 m.
• 18 m (rare).

Solid additional structures

If it is necessary to obtain a particularly strong floor between the floors of a house, they resort to using solid lintels, since they can easily withstand a load of 1000-3000 kgf/m2, and they are mainly used during installation multi-storey buildings.

Solid lintels allow you to install a high-strength floor

Such products have disadvantages, because their weight for relatively small dimensions is quite impressive: standard samples weigh from 600 kg to 1500 kg. They also have weak thermal and noise insulation performance, which does not allow them to compete adequately with hollow PC samples. The length of this type of panels ranges from 1.8 m to 5 m, and the thickness is 12 or 16 cm.

Monolithic structures

Previous and this species panels have the same scope of application and are installed where there is a need to create a strong building that can withstand heavy loads. Such a partition does not contain cavities and is created directly on the construction site according to available accurate calculations, so it can take on any configuration and dimensions, limited only by the area of ​​the object being built.

In the article, we described in detail what types of floor panels there are, what standard sizes they have and where they are used most often, so you can choose the necessary products for the upcoming construction and get a durable durable design, capable of serving you for at least a century.

When building a house, any developer faces the question of choosing an interfloor floor. The three most common types of floors are wooden, monolithic reinforced concrete and prefabricated reinforced concrete, mounted from flat hollow-core slabs. It is this type of flooring, as the most popular and practical for low-rise construction, that will be discussed in this material. From this pro interfloor ceilings in a private house you will learn:

• What is the difference between hollow-core floor slabs (PC) and floor slabs made by formless molding (PB).
• How to lay floors correctly.
• How to avoid installation mistakes.
• How to store floor slabs.

How to choose a hollow core slab

At first glance at hollow-core floors, it may seem that they differ from each other only in length, thickness and width. But the technical characteristics of hollow core floor slabs are much broader and are described in detail in GOST 9561-91.

Hollow core slab, private house.

Hollow-core interfloor slabs differ from each other in the method of reinforcement. Moreover, reinforcement (depending on the type of slabs) can be performed using prestressed reinforcement or without prestressed reinforcement. More often, floors with prestressed working reinforcement are used.

When choosing floor slabs, you should pay attention to the following: important point, as the permissible number of sides on which they can be supported. . Usually you can only support on two short sides, but some types of slabs allow support on three or four sides.

• PB. Provides support on two sides;
• 1pc. Thickness – 220 mm. The diameter of the round voids is 159 mm. Allows support on two sides only;
• 1PKT. Having similar dimensions, it allows support on three sides;
• 1PKK. Can be leaned on four sides.

Floor slabs also differ in their manufacturing method. There is often a debate about what to prefer – PC or PB.

Andrey164 User FORUMHOUSE

It's time to close ground floor construction with floor slabs, but I can’t decide what to choose - PC or PB, PB has a better surface finish than PC, but I heard that PB is used only in monolithic frame houses And country houses, and the end of such a slab cannot be loaded with a wall.

Sasha1983 User FORUMHOUSE

The main difference between the plates lies in the technology of their manufacture.

PC (thickness from 160 to 260 mm and typical load-bearing capacity of 800 kg/sq.m.) is cast in formwork. PB brand panels (thickness from 160 mm to 330 mm and typical load-bearing capacity from 800 kg/sq.m) are manufactured using formless continuous casting (this allows for a smoother and more even surface than PC panels). PBs are also called extruder ones.

PB, due to prestressing of the compressed and tensile zones (prestressing of the reinforcement is done at any length of the slab), is less susceptible to cracking than PC. PCs with a length of up to 4.2 meters can be produced without prestressed reinforcement and have a greater free deflection than PB.

At the customer's request, PB can be cut to individual specified sizes (from 1.8 to 9 meters, etc.). They can also be cut lengthwise and into individual longitudinal elements, as well as making an oblique cut at an angle of 30-90 degrees, without losing its load-bearing capacity. This greatly simplifies the layout of such floor slabs on a construction site and provides greater freedom to the designer, because the dimensions of the building box and load-bearing walls are not tied to standard sizes PC.

When choosing PC interfloor slabs (more than 4.2 meters long), it is important to remember this feature - they are prestressed with special stops at the ends of the slab. If you cut off the end of the PC, then the stop (cut off together with the end of the PC and the vertical reinforcement) will not work. Accordingly, the working reinforcement will cling to the concrete only with its side surface. This will significantly reduce bearing capacity slabs

Despite the better quality smooth surface, good geometry, lighter weight and high load-bearing capacity, this point should be taken into account when choosing a PB. Hollow holes in the PC (depending on the width of the slab, with a diameter of 114 to 203 mm) make it possible to easily punch a hole in it for sewer riser, with a diameter of 100 mm. While the size of the void hole in the PB is 60 mm. Therefore, to break through through hole in a panel of the PB brand (in order not to damage the reinforcement), you should check with the manufacturer in advance how best to do this.

Floor slabs for a private house: installation features

PB (unlike PC) does not have mounting loops (or you have to pay extra for their installation), which can complicate their loading, unloading and installation.

It is not recommended to use the “folk” method of installing the PB, when the fastening hooks cling to the end of the hollow hole. In this case, there is a high probability that the hook will be torn out of the hole due to the destruction of the end of the slab, or the hook will simply slip off. This will cause the slab to fall. Also, at your own peril and risk, you can use a method in which a crowbar is inserted into the hollow holes of the PB (two crowbars on one side of the slab) and hooks cling to them.

Installation of PB slabs is allowed only with the use of soft chocks or a special traverse.

ProgC User FORUMHOUSE

To pull the joist out from under the slab, when laying it, leave a gap of 2 cm to the adjacent slab. Then we move the already laid slab with a crowbar to the adjacent one.

Max_im User FORUMHOUSE

Personal experience: I laid slabs at my construction site using this method. The gap was left at 3 cm. The slabs lay on cement-sand mixture 2 cm thick. The mixture acted as a lubricant, and the plates were easily moved with a crowbar to the distance I needed.

Also, when installing floor slabs, it is necessary to observe calculated values minimum depth of support for the slab. The following numbers can be used as a guide:

• brick wall, minimum support depth is 8 cm, maximum support depth is 16 cm;
• reinforced concrete – 7 cm, maximum support depth – 12 cm;
• gas and foam concrete blocks– minimum 10-12 cm, optimal support depth – 15 cm;
• steel structures– 7 cm.

It is not recommended to support the floor slab more than 20 cm, because as the depth of support increases, it begins to “work” like a pinched beam. When laying floor panels on walls built with gas and foam concrete blocks, it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete armored belt, which is described in detail in the article:. Read also our article, which explains in detail. We wish you to successfully apply the acquired knowledge on your construction sites!

Before installing the slabs, it is recommended to seal the ends of the hollow holes. The voids are sealed to prevent water from getting inside the panel. This also increases the strength at the ends of the slabs (this applies to a greater extent to PC than to PB) if load-bearing partitions are supported on them. The voids can be filled by inserting half a brick into them and “filling” the gap with a layer of concrete. Typically, voids are sealed to a depth of at least 12-15 cm.

If water does get inside the slabs, it must be removed. To do this, a hole is drilled in the panel, in the “void,” from below, through which water can flow out. This is especially important to do if the floors have already been laid, and the house went into winter without a roof. In cold weather, water can freeze inside the hollow hole (since there is nowhere for it to flow out) and tear the slab.

Sergey Perm User FORUMHOUSE

I had slabs laid on the floor for a whole year. I specially drilled holes in the “voids” with a hammer drill, and a lot of water flowed out. Each channel must be drilled.

Before laying floor slabs, it is necessary to select a truck crane with the required lifting capacity. It is important to take into account the accessibility of access roads, the maximum possible reach of the boom of the truck crane and the permissible weight of the load. And also calculate the possibility of laying floor panels not from one point, but from both sides of the house.

zumpf User FORUMHOUSE

The surface on which the floor slab is laid must be level and free of debris. Before laying the panel, a cement mixture, the so-called, is “spread”. mortar “bed”, 2 cm thick. This will ensure its reliable adhesion to the walls or armored belt. Also, before installing the panels and before applying the mortar to the wall, you can lay a reinforcing rod with a diameter of 10-12 mm.

This method will allow you to strictly control the vertical mixing of all slabs when laying them (since the panel will not fall below the rod). The rod will not allow it to completely squeeze out the cement mortar from under itself and lie down “dry.” It is not allowed to install slabs in steps. Depending on the length of the slabs, the discrepancy between the ends should not exceed 8-12 mm.

A serious mistake during installation is covering two spans at once with one slab, i.e. it rests on three walls. Because of this, loads unforeseen by the reinforcement scheme arise in it, and under certain unfavorable circumstances, it can crack.

If such a layout cannot be avoided, to relieve stress, a cut is made with a grinder along the upper surface of the panels, exactly above the middle partition (wall).

Another point that you should pay attention to is how to block a flight of stairs between floor slabs if there is nothing to support them on. In this case, you can run two channels parallel to the slabs, and place one across, along the edge of the opening, tie reinforcement cage in the form of a mesh with a cell of 20 cm and a rod diameter of 8 mm, etc. Place formwork and pour monolithic site. There is no need to tie the channel to the floor slabs. In this case, they rest on two short sides and are not subject to loads from the support unit of the flight of stairs.

How to properly store floor slabs on site

Ideally, if the panels are brought to the site, they should be installed immediately. If for some reason this cannot be done, the question arises: how to properly store them.

To store the slabs, it is necessary to prepare a solid and level area in advance. You can't just put them on the ground. In this case, the lower slab may rest on the ground, and, due to the uneven load, it will break under the weight of the upper slabs.

Products should be stacked in a stack of no more than 8-10 pieces. Moreover, spacers are placed under the bottom row (from timber 200x200 mm, etc.), and all subsequent rows are placed through spacers - a 25 mm thick inch board. The spacers should be located no further than 30-45 cm from the ends of the slabs, and they should be positioned strictly vertically one above the other. This will ensure uniform load redistribution.

, and read about e. The video reveals everything

Comments:

The covering of any structure is the most important element responsible for reliability and safety. Hollow-core floor slabs have long become the most common method of installing this system. They are used in both residential and industrial construction.

Hollow-core floor slabs are used in residential and industrial construction; they are reliable, durable and economical.

Hollow-core floor slabs are produced in a wide range, but their parameters are quite strictly standardized by standards and building codes. However, with all the reliability of standard slabs important It has right choice dimensions, design and type of element. To do this, you need to first estimate the loads and carry out a certain calculation.

Features of hollow-core floor slabs

Prefabricated types of floors are made using slabs that are attached to load-bearing walls. Monolithic slabs Currently they are used only for special construction.

Hollow-core floor slabs made of reinforced concrete are widely used. Such slabs have longitudinal voids, which significantly reduce their weight, while having little effect on the strength characteristics, since the reinforcement system is preserved. In turn, reducing the weight of the floor leads to a reduction in loads on the supporting walls.

The hollow design allows to significantly increase thermal insulation characteristics due to availability air gaps. In addition, sound insulation increases for the same reasons. Finally, air channels save concrete, which reduces the cost of the product.

Return to contents

Slab design

Hollow-core floor slabs are reinforced concrete slab correct rectangular shape, in which parallel channels directed longitudinally are formed. Channels can be different shapes, but most often they are made in the form of end-to-end round hole with a diameter of 150 mm (in some designs - 159 mm). Figure 1 shows a diagram of the slab.

(Fig. 1) Diagram of a hollow-core floor slab.

Figure 1. Diagram of a hollow-core floor slab.

The diagram shows that the main geometric parameters are length L, width B and height H. Standard slabs are produced in lengths from 118 to 970 cm, widths from 99 to 350 cm and height 22 cm. The greatest demand is for hollow core slabs with a length of 6 m and a width of 1 .5 m, since for her installation is suitable crane with a lifting capacity of no more than 5 tons. Reinforcement is laid along the holes in the thickness of the concrete. The number of holes can be different; a common 6x1.5 m slab has 6 pieces.

The marking is standardized, for example, PB 12-10-8, deciphered as follows: 12 - length in dm, taking into account the technological gap between the plates (the closest length according to the standard corresponds to it - 118 cm); 10 - width in dm (determined similarly to length); 8 - bending strength, i.e. 8 kg/dm². To date, PC brand slabs have been sold, but they are produced at a higher cost. old technology and have a wider range of sizes.

Return to contents

Production Features

The slabs are made by formless molding of concrete onto long-tensioned reinforcement, followed by cutting to specified dimensions. The base is usually made of M400 concrete. Stainless steel rods of type A3 or A4, pre-tensioned under load, are used as reinforcement. To redistribute the tension load throughout the volume of the product, a reinforcing mesh is attached to the reinforcement. After pouring concrete, excess reinforcing elements are cut off to the end of the block. The use of prestressed reinforcing rods allows increasing bending strength, and the end parts of the slabs are pulled towards the middle, which strengthens the area where the ceiling is attached to the supporting wall. After pouring, the product is dried and subjected to control for compliance with strength and dimensions.

Return to contents

Installation features

Hollow core slabs are used as interfloor, basement and attic floors. They are laid closely parallel to each other with support on load-bearing walls. The seams between the slabs are sealed cement mortar. Strength of fastening to the walls is ensured using steel anchors connected to mounting loops.

The ends of the blocks are strengthened on the wall using L-shaped anchors. The length of the slab section resting on the wall is a standardized value and should be (not less) when resting on a wall of concrete panels:

• for elements up to 4.2 m long - 7 cm;
• length 4.2-6 m - 9 cm;
• length 6-7.2 m - 10 cm;
• length up to 12 m - 12 cm;
• when relying on brickwork this length increases by 30%.

To ensure reliability, the length of the supporting part is usually made 12 cm.

When installing ceilings on walls made of aerated concrete, a prerequisite is the installation reinforced belt. The belt is made around the entire perimeter and can be made of monolithic reinforced concrete or from three rows of solid bricks reinforced with masonry mesh. The width of the belt is 25 cm, and the thickness is at least 12 cm. The most reliable solution is to install a monolithic reinforced concrete belt with a height of more than 15 cm. The reinforcement is a rectangular frame of four A3 reinforcement rods with a diameter of 10 mm.

Return to contents

Floor loads

To determine which floor structure to install in a house, it is necessary to carry out a preliminary calculation, which, first of all, is based on the magnitude of the loads acting on the floors during the operation of the structure. The total load can be represented as the sum of the individual loads, i.e. F = F1+F2+F3+F4+F5, where F1 is the weight of the slabs themselves, F2 is the weight of the upper elements; F3 - weight of lower elements; F4 - weight building structures; F5 - dynamic load.

The weight of the slab itself (F1) is a fairly stable value, determined by the dimensions of the block. The weight of the upper elements (F2) includes the mass of all floor coverings(floor screed, finishing coatings) and permanently installed furniture and equipment. The weight of the lower elements (F3) implies the mass of the plaster, suspended ceilings and everything that is attached to the ceiling. The weight of building structures (F4) is determined by the weight of all interior walls and partitions, doors, fireplaces, etc. Finally, the dynamic load (F5) must take into account the presence and movement of people, the movement of furniture, pouring water into the bath, etc.

The calculation of the load arising from the mass of a certain object must take into account the distribution area of ​​this mass.

For example, a bathtub with water rests only on the legs, which means that there is a point load.

Return to contents

Calculation of permissible load

The maximum permissible load that can be applied to the slab is determined by its design and is strictly standardized by GOST. Typically hollow core slabs with a strength of 800 kg/m² are used.

Calculation permissible load comes down to determining the actual values ​​for a specific room. Calculations are carried out with the condition that the installation of the ceiling is carried out correctly, with a sufficient support area.

First of all, the actual area of ​​the slab used is determined: S = LxB (slab dimensions from Fig. 1). For example, a slab with an area of ​​6 x 1.5 = 9 m² was used. Weight standard plate PK60-15-8 is 2850 kg, i.e. load - 317 kg/m². The total permissible load on such a base can be no more than 800x9-2850=4350 kg.