Fig. 151 tasks for graphic work 8. Graphic drawing work

Graphic and test work in the subject "Drawing" allow you to organize independent, individual and collective work in the classroom, taking into account the characteristics of the students.

Download:

Preview:

Starting control of drawing training in 8th grade (for 7th grade)

Last name, class:______________________________________________________________

What is the subject of study in the subject "Drawing"? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What does it stand for: E S K D?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Name the main lines of the drawing: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write down the known dimensions of the drawing font and the angle of inclination of the letters for italic font type B: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name the types of triangles: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Name the types of quadrilaterals: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
List the names of geometric bodies: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Types of angles and their designation: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is pairing? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Preview:

https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

To use the preview, create an account ( account) Google and log in: https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

To use the preview, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

7th grade

On HORIZONTAL

Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each
on 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts

7th grade

GRAPHIC DRAWING WORK

“Dividing a circle into equal parts” Task:

On HORIZONTAL On a sheet of notebook located in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.

Line type: dash-dotted thin line.

Start constructing circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each using a compass. Please note that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
Divide the constructed circles from left to right using previously learned methods.into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Save auxiliary for constructing the line.
As a result of the work done, you should get four regular polygons inscribed in circles.

7th grade

GRAPHIC DRAWING WORK

“Dividing a circle into equal parts” Task:

On HORIZONTAL On a sheet of notebook located in the center of the working field, draw an axial (center) line for further construction of circles on it.

Line type: dash-dotted thin line.

Start constructing circles from the middle of the drawn center line.
Build FOUR circle radius 30 mm each using a compass. Please note that the construction of a circle begins with the construction of a perpendicular second center line passing through the center of the circle.
Divide the constructed circles from left to right using previously learned methods.into 3, 4, 5 and 6 equal parts. Save auxiliary for constructing the line.
As a result of the work done, you should get four regular polygons inscribed in circles.

Preview:

To use the preview, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

To use the preview, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

To use the preview, create a Google account and log in to it: https://accounts.google.com

Preview:

DRAWING - 7TH GRADE

_________________________________________

Graphic work on the topic “Drawing lines.

Working with drawing tools."

Draw in workbook on a separate sheet of paper, a square with a side of 15 cm.
Divide the square with a diagonal drawn from the lower left corner.
In the resulting division areas, perform the following constructions:

A) in one area, draw horizontal lines at intervals of 1 cm.

B) in another area, draw vertical lines at intervals of 0.5 cm.

_______________________________________________________________

Test work on the topic “Subject “Drawing”. Blueprints"

What does the subject "Drawing" study?
What is a drawing called?
List the drawing tools used in drawing lessons at school.
List the areas of industry where drawings are used.
What can be determined from a product drawing by “reading” it?

When answering questions, you should not rewrite the question itself.

You need to write its serial number and answer

Draw over the square isosceles trapezoid with bases 120 mm (lower) and 70 mm (upper). The height of the trapezoid is 50 mm.

Under the square, place a rectangle with sides 140 mm and 50 mm.

Divide the rectangle into four parts by diagonals.

_________________________________________________________

The work must be done clearly and accurately,

trying to draw all lines of the same thickness.

_______________________________________________________________

Workbook

Introduction to the Subject of Drawing

The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawings

Drawings in Rus' were made by “draftsmen”, a mention of which can be found in the “Pushkar Order” of Ivan IV.

Other images - drawings, were a bird's eye view of the structure.

At the end of the 12th century. In Russia, large-scale images are introduced and dimensions are indicated. In the 18th century, Russian draftsmen and Tsar Peter I himself made drawings using the method of rectangular projections (the founder of the method is the French mathematician and engineer Gaspard Monge). By order of Peter I, the teaching of drawing was introduced in all technical educational institutions.

The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. Currently, the drawing has become the main document business communication in science, technology, manufacturing, design, construction.

It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Which you will meet while studying the subject "Drawing"

Varieties graphic images

Exercise: label the names of the images.

The concept of GOST standards. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.

Exercise 1

Graphic work No. 1

"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines"

Examples of work performed

Test tasks for graphic work No. 1

Option #1.

1. What designation according to GOST has a format of size 210x297:

a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?

2. What is the thickness of the dash-dot line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 0.8 mm:

a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?

______________________________________________________________

Option #2.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. Where in the drawing is the main inscription located:

a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the right top corner?

2. How much should the axial and center lines extend beyond the contour of the image:

a) 3...5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?

Option #3.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What arrangement of A4 format is allowed by GOST:

A) vertical; b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?

2. . What is the thickness of the solid fine line, if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 1 mm:

a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?

Option number 4.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:

a) left, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom – 10 mm, right – 25 mm; c) left – 20 mm, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each?

2. What type of line are the axial and center lines made in the drawings:

a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?

Option #5.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What are the dimensions of the A4 format according to GOST:

a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?

2. Depending on which line the thickness of the drawing lines is selected:

a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?

Fonts (GOST 2304-81)

Font types:

Font sizes:

Practical tasks:

Calculations of drawing font parameters

Test tasks

Option #1.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What value is taken as the font size:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) height capital letter; c) the height of the spaces between the lines?

Option #2.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of the capital letter of rift No. 5:

a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?

Option #3.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of lowercase letters that have protruding elements? c, d, b, r, f:

a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of a lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of the capital letter?

Option number 4.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Are uppercase and lowercase letters different in writing? A, E, T, G, I:

a) differ; b) do not differ; c) do they differ in the spelling of individual elements?

Option #5.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What does the height of the numbers of a drawing font correspond to:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?

Graphic work No. 2

"Drawing of a flat part"

Cards - tasks

1 option

Option 2

Option 3

Option 4

Geometric constructions

Dividing a circle into 5 and 10 parts

Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts

Dividing a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts

Dividing a segment into 9 parts

Fixing the material

Practical work:

Based on these types, build a third one. Scale 1:1

Option #1

Option No. 2

Option #3

Option No. 4

Fixing the material

Write your answers in your workbook:

Option #1

Option No. 2

Practical work No. 3

"Modeling from a drawing."

Directions for use

To make a cardboard model, first cut out its blank. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece from the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) the cutouts. Cut them along the outlined contour. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw a line at the bending point. outside lines with some sharp object.

The wire for modeling must be soft and of arbitrary length (10 – 20 mm).

Fixing the material

Option No. 1 Option No. 2

Fixing the material

In your workbook, draw a drawing of the part in 3 views. Apply dimensions.

Option No. 3 Option No. 4

Fixing the material

Working with cards

Fixing the material

Using colored pencils, complete the task on the card.

Amount (increase)

Clipping

Reinforcement task

Oval -

Algorithm for constructing an oval

1. Construct an isometric projection of a square - rhombus ABCD

2. Let us denote the points of intersection of the circle and the square 1 2 3 4

3. From the top of the rhombus (D) draw a straight line to point 4 (3). We obtain segment D4, which will be equal to the radius of the arc R.

4. Let's draw an arc that will connect points 3 and 4.

5. At the intersection of segment B2 and AC, we obtain point O1.

When the segment D4 and AC intersect, we obtain point O2.

6. From the resulting centers O1 and O2 we will draw arcs R1 that will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.

Fixing the material

Complete a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are shown in Fig. 62

Graphic work No. 9

Part sketch and technical drawing

1. What is called sketch?

Fixing the material

Exercise tasks

Practical work No. 7

"Reading Blueprints"

Graphic dictation

“Drawing and technical drawing of a part based on a verbal description”

Option #1

Frame is a combination of two parallelepipeds, of which the smaller one is placed with a larger base in the center of the upper base of the other parallelepiped. A through stepped hole runs vertically through the centers of the parallelepipeds.

The total height of the part is 30 mm.

The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, length 70 mm, width 50 mm.

The second parallelepiped has a length of 50 mm and a width of 40 mm.

The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, height 10 mm; diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.

Note:

Option No. 2

Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) face of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is through hole prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 65 mm, width 40 mm.

Half-cylinder height 15 mm, base R 20 mm.

The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.

Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. The hole is located at a distance of 15 mm from the right edge of the support.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 3

Frame is a combination of a square prism and a truncated cone, which stands with its large base in the center of the upper base of the prism. A through stepped hole runs along the axis of the cone.

The total height of the part is 65 mm.

The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.

The height of the cone is 50 mm, the lower base is Ǿ 50 mm, the upper base is Ǿ 30 mm.

The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, height 40 mm.

The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 4

Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the lower cylinder is 15 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm.

The base of the second cylinder is Ǿ 45 mm.

Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.

Top part holes Ǿ 30 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 5

Base is a parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. There are two through cylindrical holes in the groove. The centers of the holes are spaced from the ends of the part at a distance of 25 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 100 mm, width 50 mm.

Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.

Hole diameters are 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 6

Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.

Cube edge 60 mm.

The depth of the semi-conical hole is 35 mm, the upper base is 40 mm, the bottom is 20 mm.

The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 7

Support is a combination of a parallelepiped and a truncated cone. The cone with its large base is placed in the center of the upper base of the parallelepiped. In the center of the smaller side faces of the parallelepiped there are two prismatic cutouts. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 15 mm is drilled along the axis of the cone.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, length 90 mm, width 55 mm.

The diameters of the cone bases are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).

The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, width 10 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 8

Frame is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. In the center of the upper and lower base of the body there are two conical tides. A through hole of cylindrical shape Ǿ 10 mm passes through the centers of the tides.

The total height of the part is 59 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, length 90 mm, width 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.

The height of the cones is 7 mm, the base is Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 9

Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axis. A through hole runs along the axis: at the top it is prismatic in shape with a square base, and then cylindrical in shape.

The total height of the part is 50 mm.

The height of the lower cylinder is 10 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm. The diameter of the base of the second cylinder is 30 mm.

The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.

The base side of the prismatic hole is 10 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Test

Graphic work No. 11

“Drawing and visual representation of the part”

Using the axonometric projection, construct a drawing of the part in required quantity species on a scale of 1:1. Add dimensions.

Graphic work No. 10

“Sketch of a part with design elements”

Draw a drawing of a part from which parts have been removed according to the markings applied. The projection direction for constructing the main view is indicated by an arrow.

Graphic work No. 8

“Drawing of a part with transformation of its shape”

General concept to transform the form. Relationship between drawing and markings

Graphic work

Making a drawing of an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)

Complete the technical drawing of the part, making, instead of the protrusions marked with arrows, notches of the same shape and size in the same place.

Assignment for logical thinking

Topic “Design of drawings”

Crossword "Projection"

1.The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.

2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.

3. Cube face.

4. The image obtained during projection.

5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120° to each other.

6. In Greek, this word means “double dimension.”

7. Side view of a person or object.

8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.

9. The image on the profile projection plane is a view...

Rebus on the topic “View”

Rebus

Crossword "Axonometry"

Vertically:

1. Translated from French"front view".

2. The concept in drawing of what the projection of a point or object is obtained on.

3. The boundary between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.

4. Geometric body.

5. Drawing tool.

6. Translated from Latin language"throw, throw forward."

7. Geometric body.

8. The science of graphic images.

9. Unit of measurement.

10. Translated from Greek language"double dimension".

11. Translated from French as “side view”.

12. In the drawing, “she” can be thick, thin, wavy, etc.

Technical Dictionary of Drawing

Term	Definition of a term or concept
Axonometry
Algorithm
Analysis of the geometric shape of an object
Boss
Shoulder

Shaft
Vertex
View
Main view
Additional view
Local view
Screw
Sleeve

Dimensions
screw
Fillet
Geometric body
Horizontal
Ready room
Edge

Dividing a circle
Division of a segment
Diameter
ESKD

Drawing tools
Tracing paper
Pencil
Drawing Layout
Construction
Circuit
Cone
Pattern curves
Circular curves

Pattern
Rulers
Line - leader
Extension line
Transition line
Dimensional line
Solid line
Dashed line
Dashed line
Lyska

Scale
Monge method
Polyhedron
Polygon
Modeling
Main inscription
Applying dimensions
Drawing outline
Break
Oval
Ovoid
Circle
Circle in axonometric projection
Ornament
Axonometric axes
Axis of rotation
Projection axis
Axis of symmetry
Hole

Groove
Keyway
Parallelepiped
Pyramid
Projection plane
Prism
Axonometric projections
Projection
Isometric rectangular projection
Frontal dimetric oblique projection
Projection
Groove

Scan
Size
Overall dimensions
Structural dimensions
Coordinating sizes
Part element dimensions
Gap
Drawing frame
Edge
Technical drawing
Symmetry
Pairing
Standard
Standardization
Arrows
Scheme

Thor
Mating point
Protractor
Squares
Simplifications and conventions

Chamfer
Drawing formats
Frontal
Projection center
Pairing center
Cylinder
Compass

Drawing
Working drawing
Drawing
Dimensional number
Reading the drawing

Washer
Ball
Slot
Engraving
Font
Hatching Hatching in axonometry
Ellipse
Sketch

Workbook

Practical and graphic work on drawing

The notebook was developed by the teacher highest category drawing and fine art Nesterova Anna Aleksandrovna teacher of MBOU "Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk"

Introduction to the Subject of Drawing
Materials, accessories, drawing tools.

2.1. The concept of ESKD standards. If each engineer or draftsman executed and designed drawings in his own way, without following the same rules, then such drawings would not be understandable to others. To avoid this, state standards have been adopted and are in force in the USSR Unified system design documentation(ESKD).

ESKD standards are regulations, which establish uniform rules for the execution and execution of design documents in all industries. Design documents include drawings of parts, assembly drawings, diagrams, some text documents, etc.

Standards are established not only for design documents, but also for individual species products produced by our enterprises. State standards (GOST) are mandatory for all enterprises and individuals.

Each standard is assigned its own number along with the year of its registration.

The standards are revised from time to time. Changes in standards are associated with the development of industry and the improvement of engineering graphics.

For the first time in our country, standards for drawings were introduced in 1928 under the title “Drawings for all types of mechanical engineering.” Later they were replaced with new ones.

2.2. Formats. The main inscription of the drawing. Drawings and other design documents for industry and construction are performed on sheets of certain sizes.

For economical use of paper, ease of storage and use of drawings, the standard establishes certain sheet formats, which are outlined with a thin line. At school you will use a format whose sides measure 297X210 mm. It is designated A4.

Each drawing must have a frame that limits its field (Fig. 18). The frame lines are solid thick basic ones. They are carried out from above, to the right and below at a distance of 5 mm from the outer frame, made by a continuous thin line along which the sheets are cut. On the left side - at a distance of 20 mm from it. This strip is left for filing drawings.

Rice. 18. Design of A4 sheet

On the drawings, the main inscription is placed in the lower right corner (see Fig. 18). Its shape, size and content are established by the standard. On educational school drawings you will make the main inscription in the form of a rectangle with sides 22X145 mm (Fig. 19, a). A sample of the completed title block is shown in Figure 19, b.

Rice. 19. The main inscription of the educational drawing

Production drawings made on A4 sheets are placed only vertically, and the main inscription on them is only along the short side. On drawings of other formats, the title block can be placed along both the long and short sides.

As an exception, on educational drawings in A4 format, the main inscription is allowed to be placed both along the long and short sides of the sheet.

Before starting the drawing, the sheet is applied to the drawing board. To do this, attach it with one button, for example, in the upper left corner. Then a crossbar is placed on the board and the upper edge of the sheet is placed parallel to its edge, as shown in Figure 20. Pressing the sheet of paper to the board, attach it with buttons, first in the lower right corner, and then in the remaining corners.

Rice. 20. Preparing the sheet for work

The frame and columns of the main inscription are made with a solid thick line.

What are the dimensions of an A4 sheet? At what distance from the outer frame should the drawing frame lines be drawn? Where is the title block placed on the drawing? Name its dimensions. Look at Figure 19 and list what information it contains.

2.3. Lines. When making drawings, lines are used various thicknesses and styles. Each of them has its own purpose.

Rice. 21. Drawing lines

Figure 21 shows an image of a part called a roller. As you can see, the part drawing contains different lines. In order for the image to be clear to everyone, state standard establishes the drawing of lines and indicates their main purpose for all industrial and construction drawings. In technical and maintenance lessons you have already used various lines. Let's remember them.

In conclusion, the thickness of lines of the same type should be the same for all images in a given drawing.

Information about the drawing lines is given on the first flyleaf.

What is the purpose of a solid thick main line?
Which line is called a dashed line? Where is it used? How thick is this line?
Where is the dash-dotted thin line used in the drawing? What is its thickness?
In what cases is a solid thin line used in a drawing? How thick should it be?
Which line shows the fold line on a development?

In Figure 23 you see an image of the part. Various lines are marked on it with numbers 1,2, etc. Make a table based on this example in your workbook and fill it out.

Rice. 23. Exercise task

Graphic work No. 1

Prepare a sheet of A4 drawing paper. Draw the frame and columns of the main inscription according to the dimensions indicated in Figure 19. Draw various lines, as shown in Figure 24. You can choose another arrangement of groups of lines on the sheet.

Rice. 24. Assignment for graphic work No. 1

The main inscription can be placed both along the short and along the long side of the sheet.

2.4. Drawing fonts. Sizes of letters and numbers of a drawing font. All inscriptions on the drawings must be made in drawing font (Fig. 25). The style of letters and numbers of a drawing font is established by the standard. The standard determines the height and width of letters and numbers, the thickness of stroke lines, the distance between letters, words and lines.

Rice. 25. Inscriptions on drawings

An example of constructing one of the letters in the auxiliary grid is shown in Figure 26.

Rice. 26. Example of letter construction

The font can be either slanted (about 75°) or without slanting.

The standard sets the following font sizes: 1.8 (not recommended, but allowed); 2.5; 3.5; 5; 7; 10; 14; 20; 28; 40. The size (h) of a font is taken to be the value determined by the height of capital letters in millimeters. The height of the letter is measured perpendicular to the base of the line. The lower elements of the letters D, Ts, Shch and the upper element of the letter Y are made due to the spaces between the lines.

The thickness (d) of the font line is determined depending on the height of the font. It is equal to 0.1h;. The width (g) of the letter is chosen to be 0.6h or 6d. The width of the letters A, D, Ж, М, Ф, X, Ц, Ш, Ш, Ъ, ы, У is greater than this value by 1 or 2d (including the lower and upper elements), and the width of the letters Г, 3, С is less by d.

The height of lowercase letters is approximately the same as the height of the next smaller font size. So, the height of lowercase letters of size 10 is 7, size 7 is 5, etc. The upper and lower elements of lowercase letters are made due to the distances between the lines and extend beyond the line in 3d. Most lowercase letters are 5d wide. The width of the letters a, m, c, ъ is 6d, the letters zh, t, f, w, shch, s, yu are 7d, and the letters z, s are 4d.

The distance between letters and numbers in words is taken to be 0.2h or 2d, between words and numbers -0.6h or 6d. The distance between the lower lines of the lines is taken equal to 1.7h or 17d.

The standard also establishes another type of font - type A, narrower than the one just discussed.

The height of letters and numbers in pencil drawings must be at least 3.5 mm.

The layout of the Latin alphabet according to GOST is shown in Figure 27.

Rice. 27. Latin font

How to write in drawing font. It is necessary to draw up drawings with inscriptions carefully. Unclear writing or sloppily written numbers different numbers may be misunderstood when reading the drawing.

To learn how to write beautifully in a drawing font, first draw a grid for each letter (Fig. 28). After mastering the skills of writing letters and numbers, you can only draw the top and bottom lines of the line.

Rice. 28. Examples of making inscriptions in drawing font

The outlines of the letters are outlined with thin lines. After making sure that the letters are written correctly, trace them with a soft pencil.

For the letters G, D, I, Ya, L, M, P, T, X, C, Ш, Ш, you can only draw two auxiliary lines at a distance equal to their height A.

For the letters B, V, E, N. R, U, CH, Ъ, И, ь. Between the two horizontal lines, another one should be added in the middle, but which is filled with their middle elements. And for the letters 3, O, F, Yu, four lines are drawn, where the middle lines indicate the boundaries of the roundings.

To quickly write inscriptions in a drawing font, various stencils are sometimes used. You will fill out the main inscription in 3.5 font, the title of the drawing in 7 or 5 font.

What is the font size?
What is the width of capital letters?
What is the height of size 14 lowercase letters? What is their width?

Complete several inscriptions in your workbook according to the teacher’s instructions. For example, you can write your last name, first name, and home address.
Fill in the main inscription on sheet of graphic work No. 1 with the following text: drew (last name), checked (teacher's last name), school, class, drawing No. 1, title of the work “Lines”.

2.5. How to apply dimensions. To determine the size of the depicted product or any part of it, dimensions are applied to the drawing. Dimensions are divided into linear and angular. Linear dimensions characterize the length, width, thickness, height, diameter or radius of the measured part of the product. Angular size characterizes the size of the angle.

Linear dimensions in the drawings are indicated in millimeters, but the unit of measurement is not indicated. Angular dimensions indicated in degrees, minutes and seconds with the designation of the unit of measurement.

The total number of dimensions in the drawing should be the smallest, but sufficient for the manufacture and control of the product.

The rules for applying dimensions are established by the standard. You already know some of them. Let's remind them.

1. Dimensions in the drawings are indicated by dimensional numbers and dimensional lines. To do this, first draw extension lines perpendicular to the segment, the size of which is indicated (Fig. 29, a). Then, at a distance of at least 10 mm from the contour of the part, draw a dimension line parallel to it. The dimension line is limited on both sides by arrows. What the arrow should be is shown in Figure 29, b. Extension lines extend beyond the ends of the arrows of the dimension line by 1...5 mm. Extension and dimension lines are drawn as a solid thin line. Above the dimension line, closer to its middle, the dimension number is applied.

Rice. 29. Applying linear dimensions

2. If there are several dimension lines parallel to each other in the drawing, then a smaller dimension is applied closer to the image. So, in Figure 29, first dimension 5 is applied, and then 26, so that the extension and dimension lines in the drawing do not intersect. The distance between parallel dimension lines must be at least 7 mm.

3. To indicate the diameter, a special sign is applied in front of the size number - a circle crossed out by a line (Fig. 30). If the dimensional number does not fit inside the circle, it is taken outside the circle, as shown in Figure 30, c and d. The same is done when applying the size of a straight segment (see Figure 29, c).

Rice. 30. Sizing circles

4. To indicate the radius, write the capital Latin letter R in front of the dimension number (Fig. 31, a). The dimension line to indicate the radius is drawn, as a rule, from the center of the arc and ends with an arrow on one side, abutting the point of the arc of the circle.

Rice. 31. Applying dimensions of arcs and angles

5. When indicating the size of an angle, the dimension line is drawn in the form of a circular arc with the center at the vertex of the angle (Fig. 31, b).

6. Before the dimensional number indicating the side of the square element, a “square” sign is applied (Fig. 32). In this case, the height of the sign is equal to the height of the numbers.

Rice. 32. Applying the size of the square

7. If the dimension line is located vertically or obliquely, then the dimension numbers are placed as shown in Figure 29, c; thirty; 31.

8. If a part has several identical elements, then it is recommended to indicate on the drawing the size of only one of them with an indication of the quantity. For example, an entry on the drawing “3 holes. 0 10" means that the part has three identical holes with a diameter of 10 mm.

9. When depicting flat parts in one projection, the thickness of the part is indicated as shown in Figure 29, c. Please note that the dimensional number indicating the thickness of the part is preceded by the Latin small letter 5.

10. It is allowed to indicate the length of the part in a similar way (Fig. 33), but in this case a Latin letter is written before the dimension number l.

Rice. 33. Applying the part length dimension

In what units are linear dimensions expressed in mechanical engineering drawings?
How thick should extension and dimension lines be?
What distance is left between the outline of the image and the dimension lines? between size lines?
How are dimensional numbers applied on inclined dimensional lines?
What signs and letters are placed before the dimensional number when indicating the values of diameters and radii?

Rice. 34. Exercise task

Draw into your workbook, maintaining the proportions, the image of the part given in Figure 34, enlarging it by 2 times. Apply required dimensions, indicate the thickness of the part (it is 4 mm).
Draw circles in your workbook with diameters of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mm. Add their dimensions. Draw circular arcs with radii of 40, 30, 20 and 10 mm and mark the dimensions.

2.6. Scale. In practice, it is necessary to create images of very large parts, for example parts of an airplane, ship, car, and very small ones - parts of a clock mechanism, some instruments, etc. Images of large parts may not fit on the sheets standard format. Small details that are barely visible to the naked eye cannot be drawn in full size using existing drawing tools. Therefore, when drawing large parts their image is reduced, and small ones are enlarged compared to their actual size.

Scale is the ratio of the linear dimensions of the image of an object to the actual ones. The scale of images and their designation on drawings sets the standard.

Reduction scale - 1:2; 1:2.5; 1:4; 1:5; 1:10, etc.
Natural size - 1:1.
Magnification scale - 2:1; 2.5:1; 4:1; 5:1; 10:1, etc.

The most desirable scale is 1:1. In this case, when creating an image, there is no need to recalculate the dimensions.

The scales are written as follows: M1:1; M1:2; M5:1, etc. If the scale is indicated on the drawing in a specially designated column of the main inscription, then the letter M is not written before the scale designation.

It should be remembered that, no matter what scale the image is made, the dimensions on the drawing are actual, i.e. those that the part should have in kind (Fig. 35).

The angular dimensions do not change when the image is reduced or enlarged.

What is the scale used for?
What is scale?
What are the magnification scales established by the standard? What scale of reduction do you know?
What do the entries mean: M1:5; M1:1; M10:1?

Rice. 35. Drawing of the gasket, made in various scales

Graphic work No. 2
Flat part drawing

Make drawings of the “Gasket” parts using the existing halves of the images, separated by an axis of symmetry (Fig. 36). Add dimensions, indicate the thickness of the part (5 mm).

Complete the work on an A4 sheet. Image scale 2:1.

Directions for use. Figure 36 shows only half of the image of the part. You need to imagine what the complete part will look like, keeping in mind symmetry, and sketch it on a separate sheet. Then you should proceed to the drawing.

A frame is drawn on an A4 sheet and space is allocated for the main inscription (22X145 mm). The center of the working field of the drawing is determined and the image is constructed from it.

First, draw the axes of symmetry and build a rectangle with thin lines that corresponds to the general shape of the part. After this, images of the rectangular elements of the part are marked.

Rice. 36. Tasks for graphic work No. 2

Having determined the position of the centers of the circle and semicircle, draw them. The dimensions of the elements and the overall, i.e., the largest in length and height, dimensions of the part are indicated, and its thickness is indicated.

Outline the drawing with the lines established by the standard: first - circles, then - horizontal and vertical straight lines. Fill out the title block and check the drawing.

Workbook

Practical and graphic work on drawing

The notebook was developed by Anna Aleksandrovna Nesterova, teacher of the highest category of drawing and fine art, teacher of the Municipal Budget Educational Institution “Secondary School No. 1 of Lensk”

Introduction to the Subject of Drawing

The history of the emergence of graphic methods of images and drawings

Drawings in Rus' were made by “draftsmen”, a mention of which can be found in the “Pushkar Order” of Ivan IV.

Other images - drawings, were a bird's eye view of the structure.

The entire history of the development of the drawing is inextricably linked with technical progress. Currently, the drawing has become the main document of business communication in science, technology, production, design, and construction.

It is impossible to create and check a machine drawing without knowing the basics of the graphic language. Which you will meet while studying the subject"Drawing"

Types of graphic images

Exercise: label the names of the images.

Materials, accessories, drawing tools.

From the history

An iron compass was found in France in a Gallic mound from the 1st century AD. In the ashes that covered Pompeii nineteen centuries ago, archaeologists also discovered many bronze compasses.

IN Ancient Rus' A circular pattern of small regular circles was widespread. A steel compass cutter was found during excavations in Novgorod the Great.

Pencil got its name from the merger of two Turkic words:punishment – black and tash - stone. In the 16th century, the British discovered graphite deposits. Fragile pens were placed in an elegant frame made of reed or mahogany, and only at the end of the 18th century, the Czech J. Garmut proposed making writing rods from a mixture of crushed graphite and clay. The writing rods were called “kohinoor” - “having no equal.”

Protractor - a tool for measuring degrees and drawing angles, made of tin or plastic.

Pattern - a thin plate with curved edges, used for drawing curved (pattern) lines that cannot be drawn using a compass.

Word eraser , it turns out, comes from the abbreviated word “gummy elastic”, which translates asrubber.

Ready room – a set of drawing tools and accessories placed in a case.

Fixing the material:

According to the teacher's instructions, students draw vertical, horizontal and inclined lines, as well as circles, in a workbook, using drawing tools.

The concept of GOST standards. Formats. Frame. Drawing lines.

Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4

D/Z:

Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, format fA4 (without font)

Learn:

Ideas about GOSTs, ESKD, formats, title block

Be able to:

Determine the thickness, style, type of lines when creating graphic images, design the format.

Exercise 1

Graphic work No. 1

"Formats. Frame. Drawing lines"

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova p. 20, accessories, fA4

D/Z:

Tools, notebook, textbook, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, graph paper.

Learn:

Rules for drawing up, stages of work on the drawing.

Be able to:

Carefully and rationally work with drawing tools. Follow the rules for drawing up drawings and drawing lines.

Examples of work performed

Test tasks for graphic work No. 1

Option #1.

What designation according to GOST has a format of size 210x297:

a) A1; b) A2; c) A4?

2. What is the thickness of the dash-dot line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 0.8 mm:

a) 1mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.3 mm?

______________________________________________________________

Option #2.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Where in the drawing is the main inscription located?

a) in the lower left corner; b) in the lower right corner; c) in the upper right corner?

2. How much should the axial and center lines extend beyond the contour of the image:

a) 3...5 mm; b) 5…10 mm4 c) 10…15 mm?

Option #3.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What arrangement of A4 format is allowed by GOST:

A) vertical; b) horizontal; c) vertical and horizontal?

2. . What is the thickness of a solid thin line if in the drawing the solid main thick line is 1 mm:

a) 0.3 mm: b) 0.8 mm: c) 0.5 mm?

Option number 4.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

At what distance from the edges of the sheet is the drawing frame drawn:

a) left, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each; b) left, top and bottom – 10 mm, right – 25 mm; c) left – 20 mm, top, right and bottom – 5 mm each?

2. What type of line are the axial and center lines made in the drawings:

a) a solid thin line; b) dash-dotted line; c) dashed line?

Option #5.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What are the dimensions of the A4 format according to GOST:

a) 297x210 mm; b) 297x420 mm; c) 594x841 mm?

2. Depending on which line the thickness of the drawing lines is selected:

a) dash-dotted line; b) a solid thin line; c) a solid main thick line?

Fonts (GOST 2304-81)

Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, graph paper.

D/Z:

Notebook, textbook §2.4 pp. 23-24, graph paper.

Learn:

Drawing font, main inscription of the drawing.

Be able to:

Use a font when designing a drawing

Font types:

Font sizes:

Practical tasks:

Calculations of drawing font parameters

Relates.

size

Size in mm

3.5

Height

capital letters

3.5

Height

lowercase letters

0.7 h

2.5

3.5

Letter spacing

0.2 h

0.7

0.1

1.4

2.0

2.8

Minimum distance between line bases

1.7 h

6.0

8.5

12.0

17.0

24.0

Minimum distance between words

0.6 h

2.1

3.0

4.2

6.0

8.4

Letter thickness

0.1 h

0.35

0.5

0.7

0.1

1.4

Test tasks

Option #1.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What value is taken as the font size:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) height of capital letter; c) the height of the spaces between the lines?

Option #2.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of the capital letter of rift No. 5:

a) 10 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 5 mm; d) 3.5 mm?

Option #3.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What is the height of lowercase letters that have protruding elements?c, d, b, r, f:

a) the height of the capital letter; b) the height of a lowercase letter; c) greater than the height of the capital letter?

Option number 4.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Are uppercase and lowercase letters different in writing?A, E, T, G, I:

a) differ; b) do not differ; c) do they differ in the spelling of individual elements?

Option #5.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What does the height of the numbers of a drawing font correspond to:

a) the height of a lowercase letter; b) the height of the capital letter; c) half the height of a capital letter?

Applying dimensions. Scale

Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories.

D/Z:

Notebook, textbook §2.5-2.6, fA4 (vertical)

Learn:

Rules for applying dimensions

Linear

Corner

Numbers on drawings

R signs, diameter, square

Be able to:

Apply sizing rules. Read the dimensions on the drawings. Use the scale correctly

The sizes are:

Signs that are used when applying dimensions:

L –

R –

Ǿ -

Exercise:

Apply dimensions

Scale –

Test tasks

Option #1.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

1. What length of the object should be indicated on the drawing if it is 1250 mm and the image scale is 1:10:

a) 125: b) 1250; c) 12.5?

2. Which letter should be placed before the dimension number when indicating the thickness of the part:

a) R; b)L; V)S?

Option #2.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

The drawing is set to a scale of 2:1. How will the linear dimensions of the image relate to linear dimensions projected object:

a) the image is larger than the actual size of the object; b) the image corresponds to the actual size of the object; c) is the image smaller than the actual size of the object?

Option #3.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

What scale is preferable for drawing a part:

a) increase; b) decrease; c) natural?

2. What does the R sign in front of the size number mean:

a) circumference; b) diameter of a circle; c) radius of the circle?

Option number 4.

Select and underline the correct answers to the questions.

Which option corresponds to the scale of reduction:

a) M 1:2; b) M 1:1; c) M 2:1?

2. What is it like minimum distance between the image outline and the dimension line:

a) 5 mm; b) 7 mm; c) 10 mm?

Exercise to consolidate the material

(work with colored pencil)

Graphic work No. 2

"Drawing of a flat part"

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, fA4 (vertical)

D/Z:

Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass)

Learn:

Rules for applying dimensions, drawing design (fonts, lines).

Be able to:

Carry out a drawing, apply the rules for drawing dimensions, use drawing tools.

Cards - tasks

1 option

2 option

3 option

4 option

Pairings. Geometric constructions

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compass).

D/Z:

Notebook, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories (compasses), fA4, §15.2 -15.3 Fig. 137

Learn:

Rules for constructing parallel and perpendicular lines, conjugating angles, two parallel lines, a straight line and a circle and dividing a circle into equal parts, constructing regular polygons.

Be able to:

Perform geometric constructions using drawing tools. Read the drawing.

Pairing –

Consolidation of the studied material:

Make a drawing of a door key

Conjugation of blunt, acute and right angles

Geometric constructions

Dividing a circle into 5 and 10 parts

Dividing a circle into 4 and 8 parts

Dividing a circle into 3, 6 and 12 parts

Dividing a segment into 9 parts

Projection. Projection method. Projecting onto one projection plane

D/Z:

Accessories, 2 matchboxes, textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova pp. 31-34 read.

Learn:

Projection Basics. Concepts: center, perpendicular, parallel

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of an object, display on a plane.

Obtaining images on 2 projection planes.

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 pp. 37-38.

Learn:

Rules for depicting a figure on a mutually perpendicular plane. Basics of the rectangular projection method.

Be able to:

Be able to construct projections on 2 projection planes.

Exercise:

Make models from matchboxes as shown in Fig. 56 a. Compare the model drawings you made with their visual images. Make your own one or two models from two or three boxes and complete their drawings.

Practical task:

Using a visual image, construct a horizontal projection. Add dimensions.

Review task:

Obtaining images on 3 projection planes

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §4 -5 pp. 37-38 fig. 51.

Learn:

The order of projection on 3 planes. Number of types used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.

Be able to:

Draw a simple shape. Select the number of types. Read a drawing of a simple shape.

Oral work:

Construct the third type of part frontally on the chalkboard

Fixing the material

Practical work:

Based on these types, build a third one. Scale 1:1

Option #1

Option No. 2

Option #3

Option No. 4

Location of species. Local species. Tasks for drawing up drawings from isolated images

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, tracing paper.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §5 fig. 55-56, scissors, glue, wire, matchboxes, colored paper.

Learn:

The order of projection on the plane. Number of types used in technical drawings. Principles for choosing the main type.

Be able to:

Make a drawing of a simple form, choosing the required number of types in accordance with GOSTs. Read a drawing of a simple shape.

View –

What's called local species?

Fixing the material

Write your answers in your workbook:

Option #1

Option No. 2

Practical work No. 3

"Modeling from a drawing."

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, wire or cardboard, matchboxes, glue, etc.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova

Learn:

Methods of modeling from a drawing.

Be able to:

Directions for use

To make a cardboard model, first cut out its blank. Determine the dimensions of the workpiece from the image of the part (Fig. 58). Mark (outline) the cutouts. Cut them along the outlined contour. Remove the cut out parts and bend the model according to the drawing. To prevent the cardboard from straightening after bending, draw lines on the outside of the bend with some sharp object.

The wire for modeling must be soft and of arbitrary length (10 – 20 mm).

The order of constructing images in drawings

tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper

D/Z:

§13, f A4, colored pencils, accessories.

Learn:

Be able to:

Construct cuts and sections, perform technical drawings of elements.

Fixing the material

Exercise:

Option No. 1 Option No. 2

Fixing the material

Exercise:

In your workbook, draw a drawing of the part in 3 views. Apply dimensions.

Option No. 3 Option No. 4

Analysis of the geometric shape of objects. Bodies of rotation. Group of geometric bodies

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §10, 11, 16, colored pencils.

Learn:

Rules for making drawings of geometric bodies.

Sequence of reading a group of geometric bodies.

Be able to:

Fixing the material

Working with cards

Fixing the material

Using colored pencils, complete the task on the card.

Geometric shape analysis -

Drawing of a part according to these two types

tools,

D/Z:

f A4, tools

Learn:

Be able to:

Analyze drawings, give an accurate verbal description of the object depicted in the drawing.

Obtaining axonometric projections flat figures

Homework:

Repeat paragraph 7-7.2; complete the construction of table 1.

Equipment for students:

textbook "Drawing" ed. Botvinnikova A.D., workbook, drawing accessories.

Square in dimetric projection

Exercise:

Construct a square in isometric projection

Triangle in dimetry Triangle in isometry

Hexagon in dimetry and isometry

Exercise:

Construct a hexagon in isometric projection

Exercise:

Axonometric projections volumetric bodies

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, notebook, instruments.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova page 49 table No. 2, §7-8.

Learn:

Rules for constructing axonometric projections. Methods for constructing a volumetric part in isometry.

Be able to:

Construct images in axonometry starting from flat figures lying at the base of the part. Learn to analyze the resulting images.

Review task:

Construct a geometric figure on a horizontal projection plane.

Amount (increase)

Clipping

Reinforcement task

Axonometric projection of a part with cylindrical elements

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 7-8.

Learn:

Rules for constructing a part with a curved surface. The general concept of “axonometry of a part”.

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of the part and the resulting image.

Ellipse –

Oval -

Algorithm for constructing an oval

1. Let's construct an isometric projection of a square - a rhombus ABCD

2. Let us denote the points of intersection of the circle and the square 1 2 3 4

3. From the top of the rhombus ( D ) draw a straight line to the point 4 (3). We get the segment D 4, which will be equal to the arc radius R .

4. Let's draw an arc that connects the points 3 And 4 .

5. When crossing a segment AT 2 And AC we get a point O1.

When crossing a line D 4 And AC we get a point O2.

6. From the received centers O1 And O2 let's draw arcs R 1 , which will connect points 2 and 3, 4 and 1.

Consolidating new material

! work in the workbook

Exercise:

Make isometric projections of the circle parallel to the frontal and profile projection planes.

Drawing and visual representation of the part

F A4, tools, textbook

D/Z:

§12, tracing paper

Learn:

ZUN

Be able to:

Analyze the shape of the part, build 3 types of parts and apply dimensions.

Technical drawing

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A. D. Botvinnikova§9, accessories, notebook.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova § 9

Learn:

Rules for making technical drawings and techniques for making parts.

Be able to:

Perform axonometric projections depicting flat figures. Perform technical drawing.

Technical drawing –

Hatching methods:

Fixing the material

Complete a technical drawing of the part, two views of which are shown in Fig. 62

Projections of vertices, edges and faces of an object

Textbook "Drawing" ed. A.D. Botvinnikova, accessories, notebook, colored pencils.

D/Z:

Accessories, textbook “Drawing”, ed. A. D. Botvinnikova §12, fA4, colored pencils.

Learn:

Methods for selecting a point on a plane. Principles of constructing edges and faces.

Be able to:

Construct projections of points and faces.

? Problem

What is a rib?

What is the top of an object?

What is the edge of an object?

Projection of a point

Practical work:

Label the projections

points on the part drawing, marked in the visual image.

IN)

Graphic work No. 9

Part sketch and technical drawing

D/Z:

Tools, graph paper, fA4, § 18

Learn:

What is a sketch? Sketch rules

Be able to:

Complete the sketch in the required number of types. Draw according to the sketch.

What's calledsketch ?

Fixing the material

Exercise tasks

Applying dimensions taking into account the shape of the object

tools, textbook, notebook, tracing paper.

D/Z:

Rice. 113 (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9)

Learn:

General rule drawing dimensions on the drawing.

Be able to:

Repetition and consolidation of the material covered.

Oral exercise

Practical work:

Cutouts and slices on geometric bodies

Parts elements

SLOT - a groove in the form of a slot or groove on machine parts. For example, a slot in the head of a screw or screw into which the end of a screwdriver is inserted when screwing it in.

GROOVE - an oblong depression or hole on the surface of a part, limited on the sides by parallel planes.

LYSKA – a flat cut on one or both sides of cylindrical, conical or spherical sections of a part. Flats are designed to grip wrench and etc.

GROWTH - this is an annular groove on the rod, technologically necessary for the exit of a threaded tool during the manufacture of a part or for other purposes.

KEYWAY GROOVE - a slot in the form of a groove, which serves to install a key, which transmits rotation from the shaft to the bushing and vice versa.

CENTER HOLE - an element of a part that serves to reduce its mass, supply lubricant to rubbing surfaces, connect parts, etc. The holes can be through or blind.

CHAMFER – turning a cylindrical edge of a part onto a truncated cone.

Exercise: Instead of numbers, write the names of the part elements

Exercise: Perform an axonometric projection of the part

Practical work No. 7

"Reading Blueprints"

Textbook, notebook, sheet.

D/Z:

Graph paper, §17

Learn:

Learn the methods of constructing 3 types, analyze the geometric shape of an object, know the names of the elements of a part.

Be able to:

Analyze the drawing, determine dimensions, give an accurate verbal description

Graphic dictation

“Drawing and technical drawing of a part based on a verbal description”

Format (notebook), tools

D/Z:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Rules for sketching

Be able to:

Determine what is needed and sufficient quantity types for this part. Choose main view. Dimension.

Option #1

The total height of the part is 30 mm.

The height of the lower parallelepiped is 10 mm, length 70 mm, width 50 mm.

The second parallelepiped has a length of 50 mm and a width of 40 mm.

The diameter of the bottom step of the hole is 35 mm, height 10 mm; diameter of the second stage is 20 mm.

Note:

Option No. 2

Support is a rectangular parallelepiped, to the left (smallest) face of which is attached a half-cylinder, which has a common lower base with the parallelepiped. In the center of the upper (largest) face of the parallelepiped, along its long side, there is a prismatic groove. At the base of the part there is a through hole of a prismatic shape. Its axis coincides in the top view with the axis of the groove.

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 65 mm, width 40 mm.

Half-cylinder height 15 mm, baseR 20 mm.

The width of the prismatic groove is 20 mm, the depth is 15 mm.

Hole width 10 mm, length 60 mm. The hole is located at a distance of 15 mm from the right edge of the support.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 3

The total height of the part is 65 mm.

The height of the prism is 15 mm, the size of the sides of the base is 70x70 mm.

The height of the cone is 50 mm, the lower base is Ǿ 50 mm, the upper base is Ǿ 30 mm.

The diameter of the lower part of the hole is 25 mm, height 40 mm.

The diameter of the upper part of the hole is 15 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 4

Sleeve is a combination of two cylinders with a stepped through hole that runs along the axis of the part.

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the lower cylinder is 15 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm.

The base of the second cylinder is Ǿ 45 mm.

Bottom hole Ǿ 50 mm, height 8 mm.

The upper part of the hole is Ǿ 30 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 5

The height of the parallelepiped is 30 mm, length 100 mm, width 50 mm.

Groove depth 15 mm, width 30 mm.

Hole diameters are 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 6

Frame It is a cube, along the vertical axis of which there is a through hole: semi-conical at the top, and then turning into a stepped cylindrical one.

Cube edge 60 mm.

The depth of the semi-conical hole is 35 mm, the upper base is 40 mm, the bottom is 20 mm.

The height of the bottom step of the hole is 20 mm, the base is 50 mm. The diameter of the middle part of the hole is 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 7

The total height of the part is 60 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 15 mm, length 90 mm, width 55 mm.

The diameters of the cone bases are 40 mm (lower) and 30 mm (upper).

The length of the prismatic cutout is 20 mm, width 10 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 8

The total height of the part is 59 mm.

The height of the parallelepiped is 45 mm, length 90 mm, width 40 mm. The thickness of the walls of the parallelepiped is 10 mm.

The height of the cones is 7 mm, the base is Ǿ 30 mm and Ǿ 20 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Option No. 9

Support is a combination of two cylinders with one common axis. A through hole runs along the axis: at the top it is prismatic in shape with a square base, and then cylindrical in shape.

The total height of the part is 50 mm.

The height of the lower cylinder is 10 mm, the base is Ǿ 70 mm. The diameter of the base of the second cylinder is 30 mm.

The height of the cylindrical hole is 25 mm, the base is Ǿ 24 mm.

The base side of the prismatic hole is 10 mm.

Note: When drawing dimensions, consider the part as a whole.

Test

Graphic work No. 11

“Drawing and visual representation of the part”

A3 format, tools

D/Z:

Tools, notebook, textbook.

Exercise:

Using the axonometric projection, construct a drawing of the part in the required number of views on a scale of 1:1. Add dimensions.

Graphic work No. 10

“Sketch of a part with design elements”

tools, textbook, graph paper

D/Z:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Sketch rules

Be able to:

Make a sketch and put the dimensions correctly

Exercise:

Draw a drawing of a part from which parts have been removed according to the markings applied. The projection direction for constructing the main view is indicated by an arrow.

Graphic work No. 8

"Part drawing c transforming its form"

tools, fA4, textbook

D/Z:

Tools, graph paper.

Learn:

Be able to:

Execute drawing

General concept of shape transformation. Relationship between drawing and markings

Textbook, notebook, graph paper, accessories

D/Z:

Textbook pic. 151 (get to know each other), fA4

Learn:

Be able to:

Analyze the form. Draw the drawing in orthogonal rectangular projection.

Graphic work

Making a drawing of an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)

Exercise:

Complete the technical drawing of the part, making, instead of the protrusions marked with arrows, notches of the same shape and size in the same place.

Logical thinking task

Subject "Design of drawings"

Subject "Drawing tools and accessories"

Crossword "Projection"

1.The point from which the projecting rays emanate during central projection.

2. What is obtained as a result of modeling.

3. Cube face.

4. The image obtained during projection.

5. In this axonometric projection, the axes are located at an angle of 120° to each other.

6. In Greek, this word means “double dimension.”

7. Side view of a person or object.

8. Curve, isometric projection of a circle.

9. The image on the profile projection plane is a view...

Rebus on the topic "View"

Rebus

Subject "Developments of geometric bodies"

Crossword "Axonometry"

Vertically:

Translated from French as “front view”.

The concept in drawing on which the projection of a point or object is obtained.

The boundary between the halves of a symmetrical part in the drawing.

Geometric body.

Drawing tool.

Translated from Latin, “throw, throw forward.”

Geometric body.

The science of graphic images.

Unit of measurement.

Translated from Greek “double dimension”.

Translated from French as “side view”.

In the drawing, “she” can be thick, thin, wavy, etc.

Technical Dictionary of Drawing

Axonometry

Algorithm

Analysis of the geometric shape of an object

Boss

Shoulder

Shaft

Vertex

View

Main view

Viewadditional

Local view

Screw

Sleeve

Dimensions

screw

Fillet

Geometric body

Horizontal

Ready room

Edge

Dividing a circle

Division of a segment

Diameter

ESKD

Drawing tools

Tracing paper

Pencil

Drawing Layout

Construction

Circuit

Cone

Pattern curves

Circular curves

Pattern

Rulers

Line - leader

Extension line

Transition line

Dimensional line

Solid line

Dashed line

Lyska

Scale

Monge method

Polyhedron

Polygon

Modeling

Main inscription

Applying dimensions

Drawing outline

Break

Oval

Ovoid

Circle

Circlein axonometric projection

Ornament

Axonometric axes

Axis of rotation

Projection axis

Axis of symmetry

Hole

Groove

Keyway

Parallelepiped

Pyramid

Projection plane

Prism

Axonometric projections

Projection

Isometric rectangular projection

Frontal dimetric oblique projection

Projection

Groove

Scan

Size

Overall dimensions

Structural dimensions

Coordinating sizes

Dimensionspart element

Gap

Drawing frame

Edge

Drawingtechnical

Symmetry

Pairing

Standard

Standardization

Arrows

Scheme

Thor

Mating point

Protractor

Squares

Simplifications and conventions

Chamfer

Drawing formats

Frontal

Projection center

Pairing center

Cylinder

Compass

Drawing

Working drawing

Drawing

Dimensional number

Reading the drawing

Washer

Ball

Slot

Engraving

Font

Hatching

Hatching in axonometry

Ellipse

Sketch

Reading a drawing involves imagining the three-dimensional shape of an object from flat images and determining its dimensions. It is recommended to carry out this work in the following sequence:

Read the title block of the drawing. From it you can find out the name of the part, the name of the material from which it is made, the scale of the images and other information.

Determine what types of parts are given in the drawing, which of them is the main one.
Consider the types in relation to each other and try to determine the shape of the part with all the details. This task is helped by analyzing the images and data in the drawing. Presenting according to the drawing geometric shape each part of the detail, mentally unite them into a single whole.
Determine the dimensions of the part and its elements from the drawing. Let's give an example of reading a drawing of a part (first, questions about the drawing are given, and then answers to them).

Questions for the drawing (Fig. 143. Questions are compiled in a sequence corresponding to the correct order of reading drawings)

What is the name of the part?
What material is it made from?
What scale is the drawing made at?
What types does the drawing contain?
Describe general shape details.
What are they equal to? dimensions parts and dimensions of individual parts?

Rice. 143. Part drawing

Answers to questions about the drawing (see Fig. 143).

Read the drawing in Figure 145.

Rice. 145. Exercise task

Questions about the drawing

What is the name of the part?
What material is it made from?
What types are shown in the drawing?
The combination of which geometric bodies determines the shape of the part?
What parts of the part are shown in the main view by two circles with a diameter of 10?
What elements are represented by circles with a diameter of 18 and why are they drawn in the main view with dashed lines?
What are the overall dimensions of the part?

Practical work No. 7. 1. Oral reading of drawings

As instructed by the teacher, read one of the drawings in Figure 146. Write down the answers to the questions in your notebook.

Rice. 146. Assignments for practical work No. 7

Questions for reading blueprints

What is the name of the part? What material is it made from?
What scale is indicated in the drawing?
Which images convey the shape of the part?
What geometric bodies combine to form its shape?
Describe the shape of the part.
What are the overall dimensions? What is the size of the geometric bodies that form the shape of the part?

2. Solving fun problems

Rice. 148. Exercise tasks

Graphic work No. 8. Drawing an object in three views with transforming its shape (by removing part of the object)

Rice. 151. Tasks for graphic work No. 8

Directions for work. Complete tasks 1-4, as preparatory ones, in your workbook, task 5, as the main one, on an A4 sheet. Complete the images while maintaining the proportions of the subject; do not apply dimensions.

Fig. 151 tasks for graphic work 8. Graphic drawing work

Download:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Graphic work No. 1

Graphic work No. 2
Flat part drawing

Latest

You need to know this

Fig. 151 tasks for graphic work 8. Graphic drawing work

Download:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Preview:

Graphic work No. 1

Graphic work No. 2 Flat part drawing

Latest

You need to know this

Graphic work No. 2
Flat part drawing