The largest submarines. Russian submarine fleet

I bring to your attention a photo review of all nuclear submarines in service and under construction for the Russian Navy.

Project 955 "Borey"

1. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-535 “Yuri Dolgoruky” of project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2012

2. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-550 “Alexander Nevsky” of Project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2013.

3. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-551 “Vladimir Monomakh” of Project 955 “Borey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 2014.

4. Strategic missile submarine cruiser “Prince Vladimir” of project 955 “Borey”. Laid down - 2012.

5. Strategic missile submarine cruiser “Prince Oleg” of project 955 “Borey”. Laid down - 2014.

6. Strategic missile submarine cruiser "Generalissimo Suvorov" of project 955 "Borey". Laid down - 2014.

Project 885 "Ash"

7. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-560 “Severodvinsk” of project 885 “Ash” Year of entry into the fleet - 2013.

8. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-561 “Kazan” of Project 885 “Yasen”. Laid down - 2009.

9. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-573 “Novosibirsk” of Project 885 “Yasen”. Laid down - 2013.

10. Multi-purpose nuclear torpedo submarine with cruise missiles K-173 “Krasnoyarsk” of Project 885 “Ash”. Laid down - 2014.

Project 941UM “Shark”

11. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-208 “Dmitry Donskoy” of project 941UM “Akula”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1981

12. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-17 "Arkhangelsk" project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - mothballedThis message has been edited Arhyzyk — 01/30/2015 — 20:41

13. Heavy strategic missile submarine cruiser TK-20 "Severstal" project 941 "Shark". Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - mothballed

Project 667BDR "Squid"

14. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-223 “Podolsk” of project 667BDR “Kalmar”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1979.

15. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-433 “St. George the Victorious” of project 667BDR “Squid”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1980.

16. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-44 “Ryazan” of project 667BDR “Kalmar”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1982. Status - under repair

Project 667BDRM "Dolphin"17. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-51 "Verkhoturye" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1984

18. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-84 “Ekaterinburg” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1985

19. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-114 “Tula” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1987. Status - under repair

20. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-117 "Bryansk" of project 667BDRM "Dolphin". Year of entry into the fleet - 1988

21. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-18 “Karelia” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989

22. Strategic missile submarine cruiser K-407 “Novomoskovsk” of project 667BDRM “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990

Project 949A "Antey"

23. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-132 “Irkutsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair

24. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-119 “Voronezh” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989.

25. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-410 “Smolensk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990.

26. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-442 “Chelyabinsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990. Status - under repair

27. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-456 “Tver” of Project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992.

28. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-266 “Orel” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair

29. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-186 “Omsk” of project 949A “Antey”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1993.

30. Nuclear submarine with cruise missiles K-150 “Tomsk” of project 949A “Antey” “Dolphin”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1996. Status - under repair

Project 671RTMK "Pike"

31. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-388 “Petrozavodsk” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988.

32. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-414 “Daniil Moskovsky” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990.

33. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-138 “Obninsk” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990.

34. Nuclear torpedo submarine B-448 “Tambov” of project 671RTMK “Pike”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1992. Status - under repair

Project 971 "Pike-B"

35. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-322 “Sperm Whale” of Project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1988. Status - under repair

36. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-391 “Bratsk” of project 971 “Shchuka-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1989. Status - under repair

37. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-331 “Magadan” of project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990.

38. Nuclear torpedo submarine K-317 “Panther” of Project 971 “Pike-B”. Year of entry into the fleet - 1990.

November 4th, 2014

The underwater surprise from Russia for America and Europe marks a real REVOLUTION in the field of military SUBMARINE SHIP BUILDING.

With the advent of the new Russian submarine Lada, an entire era of American “dominance at sea” will become a thing of the past; Washington will actually lose its main tool for “projecting power” to remote regions and risks finally losing its global geopolitical role.

IN Lately In the West, anti-Russian militaristic hysteria is growing like an avalanche. Having discovered that instead of a pliable liberal “Russia” in the vastness of Eurasia, a historical, traditional, imperial Russia has suddenly revived, angry and offended by decades of humiliation and insults from the arrogant and deceitful Western Sodom, the “free” European and American media are filled with panicky headlines about “military preparations” » Moscow.

As soon as we launch a rocket from the cosmodrome in Plesetsk or from an underwater missile carrier in the Barents Sea, or send our air missile carriers on patrol along the European borders, this immediately becomes a reason for countless accusations of “militarism and imperialism”, “nuclear saber rattling”, “ intimidation of the international community,” etc. nonsense. Meanwhile, many truly important news that are directly related to changes in the military-strategic balance of power in Eurasia pass by the attention of the general reader.

Here is one such news...

Photo 2.

On October 13, 2014, the RIA Novosti news agency, citing a source in the military-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, reported: “In Russia, a decision has been made on the serial production of air-independent power plants (VNEU) to equip future Project 677 Lada submarines.” Testing of the experimental prototype of the VNEU at the stand was completed successfully. The next tests will be carried out directly on the boat.”

This message went practically unnoticed, even among military observers no one paid attention to it special attention. But in vain! For this decision marks a real revolution in the field of military submarine shipbuilding.

Photo 3.

Balance Breakers

In order for the reader to understand how significantly new Russian submarines with VNEU will be able to change the balance of power between Russia and the United States, I will give just one example. “Four to six of these submarines,” Vice Admiral Viktor Patrushev said in an interview with RIA Novosti at the end of 2010, “can completely cover such closed or semi-closed water areas as the Black, Baltic and Caspian Sea. Their advantages are obvious to any naval specialist.”

On my own behalf, I would add that the deployment of an additional two or three Lad formations in the Russian Navy can fundamentally change the balance of forces not only in the Baltic, Caspian and Black Sea, but also in the North, and in the Mediterranean, in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. In the North, in the Barents Sea, such boats are capable of reliably covering the deployment routes of Russian submarine strategic missile carriers from any encroachment by the anti-submarine forces of the United States and NATO countries, which will significantly increase the combat stability of the naval component of our strategic nuclear forces.

Now our missile carriers perform combat service mostly under the ice of the Arctic, where they are practically inaccessible to enemy influence. The Americans can detect, track and hit our submarine cruise only at the stage of its transition to the combat patrol area. And the Ladas of Project 667 are ideally suited to counter American nuclear submarines spying on our “strategists,” since they can hear them at distances much greater than the Americans are able to hear the Lada. In such conditions, defeating an enemy submarine - either by the Lada on its own, or by targeting it with anti-submarine aircraft and surface ships - becomes a matter of technology.

As for the Mediterranean Sea, the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean, the presence in their waters of sufficient quantity submarines like the Lada practically nullify American naval power there, the core of which is carrier strike groups (ACGs). Back in Soviet times, Project 641B diesel engines managed to break through the anti-submarine defenses of aircraft carriers and sometimes surfaced right under the noses of stunned American admirals. And only a small underwater range, the absence of long-range missile weapons and the inability to remain submerged for more than 3 days gave the Americans a chance in this confrontation with Soviet submariners.

Today, provided that the Lada is truly capable of remaining under water for up to 25 days, its ammunition will include a powerful anti-ship missile system similar to the Caliber, and reconnaissance and guidance of submarines to the AUG will be carried out using layered reconnaissance, including space grouping, the vaunted US aircraft carriers will no longer have such a chance! This means that the entire era of American “dominance at sea” will become a thing of the past; Washington will actually lose its main instrument for “projecting power” to remote regions and will finally lose its global geopolitical role.

Photo 4.

More about VNEU - what is the point?

Today, all submarines according to the type of power plants are divided into two types: submarines with a nuclear power plant (nuclear reactor) and diesel-electric submarines (DEPL), moving on the surface using a diesel engine, and underwater using electric motors that draw energy from rechargeable batteries.

Nuclear submarines appeared in the Soviet Navy in the late 50s of the last century. The first nuclear submarine of Project 627, called Leninsky Komsomol, entered service in 1957. From that moment to this day, nuclear-powered submarines constitute the main striking force of our fleet, carrying a wide range of the most formidable weapons - from strategic intercontinental missiles and tactical nuclear torpedoes to high-precision long-range cruise missiles, which today form the basis of the Russian strategic non-nuclear deterrent forces.

Nuclear-powered submarines have a number of outstanding advantages: an almost unlimited time spent under water, high underwater speed and great diving depth, the ability to carry great amount a wide variety of weapons and equipment. The high power supply, achieved by the enormous power of a nuclear power plant, makes it possible to build boats of very large displacement and place on them not only a lot of weapons, but also highly effective hydroacoustic systems, communications, electronic reconnaissance and navigation.

But, alas, the main advantage of a nuclear power plant, its power, is at the same time the source of the main drawback characteristic of nuclear submarines. This disadvantage is a lot of noise. Availability on board the nuclear submarine nuclear reactor(and sometimes two) with the whole complex of accompanying mechanisms: turbines, generators, pumps, refrigeration units, fans, etc. – inevitably generates a huge number of different frequency oscillations and vibrations and requires sophisticated technologies to reduce noise levels, which are the main unmasking factor of any nuclear submarine.

But a diesel-electric submarine is practically silent underwater. Electric motors powered by battery energy do not require turbines or other high-noise equipment. Therefore, diesel-electric submarines sneak in the ocean depths, making virtually no noise, like a dangerous predatory fish tracking down unwary prey.

However, this fish can stay under water for a relatively short time - only a few days. Moreover, it moves very slowly in the ocean depths, saving its energy reserve, which is simply insignificant compared to atomic “sharks”. And the lack of energy, in turn, imposes serious restrictions on the displacement, armament and other key characteristics of diesel-electric submarines. In fact, these boats are not completely “underwater”, they can rather be called “diving”, since they spend most of the time on deployment routes on the surface, and even in combat patrol areas they are forced to regularly surface and turn on the diesel engine to recharge their batteries .

Photo 5.

Unified periscope complex “Parus-98″ and fencing for the cabin of the submarine “St. Petersburg” pr.677 LADA with retractable devices, December 2005 (based on photo by Oleg Karpenko, http://photofile.ru/users/carpenco)

For example, the newest Russian diesel-electric submarine of Project 636.3 has a submerged range of only 400 miles. And it moves underwater mainly with an economical speed at a speed of 3 knots, that is, 5.4 km/h. Therefore, such a boat cannot pursue its prey underwater. She is forced to rely on reconnaissance data, which should lead her to a given point along the deployment route of enemy ships. Hence the main method of combat use of diesel-electric submarines - the so-called. "veil", i.e. deployment of submarines in a line perpendicular to the course of the probable movement of the target, at certain intervals from each other. At the same time, the entire group of submarines participating in it is controlled from an external command post, which creates additional unmasking factors and reduces the combat stability and effectiveness of the submarine group. If we also take into account that the depth of the layered anti-submarine defense of a modern American aircraft carrier strike group is over 300 miles (i.e., more than 550 km), it becomes clear how difficult it is for our diesel-electric submarines to resist such an enemy.

Therefore, it is not surprising that the cherished dream of all submariners is to create a submarine with a fundamentally new power plant, which will combine the advantages of nuclear and diesel-electric submarines: power and stealth, greater autonomy of underwater navigation and low noise...

Photo 6.

The fairy tale has become reality

So: Russian submarines of the 677th Lada project with an air-independent power plant are precisely a major breakthrough in this direction, taking the Russian submarine fleet to fundamentally new frontiers.

“Ladas” are small, their displacement is almost half that of the famous “Varshavyanka”. But the complex of its weapons is very serious and unusually large. In addition to the traditional mine-torpedo armament of diesel-electric submarines (6 533-mm torpedo tubes, 18 torpedoes or mines), Project 667 is the world’s first non-nuclear submarine equipped with specialized launchers for cruise missiles (10 vertical launchers in the middle part of the hull). Moreover, these missiles can be both operational-tactical, strike-anti-ship, and long-range missiles designed to hit strategic targets deep in enemy territory.

Main command post of submarine pr.677 (drawing by TsKB "Rubin", http://milparade.com)

But most important feature The new Russian submarine is VNEU, an air-independent power plant. Without going into details that are interesting to specialists, we note that the presence of VNEU will allow the Ladas to remain submerged for up to 25 days, that is, almost 10 times longer than their famous “big sisters” - the Varshavyanka Project 636.3! At the same time, the noise level of the Lada will be even less than that of the famous Warsaw “ black hole", which the Americans nicknamed it because it is almost impossible to detect.

NATO countries have long been trying to equip their submarines with such VNEU. Germany and Sweden are the trendsetters in this area. Since the late 90s, German shipbuilders have been building small submarines of Project 212\214, equipped with a hybrid power plant. It includes a diesel engine for surface propulsion and battery recharging, silver-zinc batteries themselves, and VNEU for economical underwater propulsion based on fuel cells, including tanks with cryogenic oxygen and containers with metal hydride (a special alloy of metal combined with hydrogen).

Photo 7.

Equipping the boat with such an anaerobic installation allowed the Germans to increase the time it spent underwater to 20 days. And now German “babies” with VNEU of various modifications are in service with Germany, Italy, Portugal, Turkey, Israel, Korea and several other countries.

The Swedish concern Kockums Submarin Systems, in turn, at the end of the last century began building Gotland class submarines with VNEU based on the so-called “Stirling engine”. When using it, these boats can also stay under water without recharging the batteries for up to 20 days. And now there are submarines with Stirling engines not only in Scandinavian countries, but also in Australia, Japan, Singapore and Thailand.

But neither the German nor the Swedish submarines, which are small, essentially coastal boats, can be compared with the Russian Ladas - neither in their tactical and technical characteristics, nor in the variety and power of weapons. Our Project 667 submarines are, in all respects, new generation ships of unique quality in this class!

General view and fragment of the quasi-conformal direction-finding antennas of the GAS (bow and side) of the Lyra SJSC (photo probably of the Kronstadt submarine, 2009, from the Deep Blue Sea archive, http://paralay.iboards.ru).

Central Design Bureau Rubin, the main designer of submarines in Russia, designed the Lada so that it is capable of delivering salvo torpedo and missile strikes against sea and stationary ground targets from both torpedo tubes and specialized vertical missile silos. Due to the unique hydroacoustic system, our boat has a significantly increased target detection range. It can dive to 300 m, has a full submersible speed of up to 21 knots, and has an endurance of 45 days. To reduce the noise of the boat, vibration isolators and an all-mode rowing electric motor with permanent magnets are used. The boat's hull is covered with Molniya material, which absorbs sonar signals.

Little is known about the VNEU of our boat. Just like the Germans, it will be based on an electrochemical generator. But it will be fundamentally different in that the hydrogen necessary for the operation of VNEU will be produced directly on board by processing existing diesel fuel. Therefore, the Russian VNEU will be much more economical than its German counterpart, which will increase the time the boat is continuously under water to 25 days. At the same time, the Lada will cost significantly less than the German boats of project 212\214.

By 2020, the Russian fleet expects to receive 14 units of these new 4th generation non-nuclear submarines.

Photo 8.

And now a little more about the performance characteristics:

Project 677 submarines are designed to conduct independent operations on sea lanes against enemy submarines and surface ships in a limited area, carry out anti-submarine defense in coastal areas, narrow areas and strait zones, lay minefields and other tasks.

The Project 677 submarine is made according to the so-called one-and-a-half-hull design. The axisymmetric, durable body is made of AB-2 steel and has the same diameter along almost the entire length. The bow and stern ends are spherical in shape. The hull is divided along the length into five waterproof compartments by flat bulkheads; by means of platforms, the hull is divided in height into three tiers.

The lightweight body is given a streamlined shape, providing high hydrodynamic characteristics. The fencing of the retractable devices has the same shape as that of Project 877 boats, at the same time, the stern empennage is cross-shaped, and the front horizontal rudders are placed on the fencing, where they create minimal interference with the operation of the hydroacoustic complex.

Photo 9.

Armament

The submarine is equipped with 6 torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber. 2 TAs of the upper tier are adapted for firing remote-controlled torpedoes. The ammunition capacity is 18 units, which can include universal torpedoes (SAET-60M, UGST and USET-80K types), anti-submarine missile torpedoes, cruise missiles, mines (22 DM-1 types). It is possible to use Shkval high-speed anti-submarine missiles.

The firing system allows you to fire ammunition individually and in a salvo of up to 6 units. The mechanical loading device "Moray" allows you to automatically reload torpedo tubes. The entire cycle of preparing the complex for the use of weapons and firing are automated and carried out from the operator’s console from the main command post of the submarine.

For air defense there are 6 Igla-1M MANPADS.

Coordination of the operation of all electronic weapons is ensured by the Lithium combat information and control system.

The Lyra hydroacoustic complex includes highly sensitive noise direction-finding antennas. The complex includes a bow antenna (L-01) and two onboard antennas at the bow end of the submarine. The antenna dimensions have been increased to the greatest possible extent. They occupy most of the surface of the nasal tip.

In addition to the stationary antennas, the submarine is equipped with an exhaust towed hydroacoustic antenna with an exit point in the upper vertical stabilizer.

The navigation complex includes an inertial navigation system and ensures the safety of navigation and the generation of data on the location and movement parameters of the submarine with the accuracy necessary for the use of weapons.

The unified periscope complex UPC "Parus-98" includes:

• commander's periscope of non-penetrating type "Parus-98KP" with optical and TV channels (daytime and low-level) with variable magnification 1.5-12X, with video recording;
• optocoupler mast of non-penetrating type “Parus-98UP” (universal periscope) with TV channels (daytime and low-level) with variable magnification 1.5-12X, laser rangefinder channel;
• Radar KRM-66 "Kodak". Includes active and passive radar channels, combined antenna post of channels. The radar system has a high-secrecy channel in active mode and provides complete information to both surface and air conditions without unmasking the submarine;
• digital complex of radio communications "Distance". The set of radio communication equipment allows for reliable two-way radio communication with coastal command posts, ships, vessels and aircraft when in surface and periscope positions. To receive command messages when at great depths, there is an exhaust towed radio antenna. The antenna is released from a durable housing;
• navigation complex "Appassionata" with an inertial navigation system and a satellite navigation system GPS / GLONASS. Navigation accuracy - deviation of location coordinates for 2 days - 5 km when changing courses up to 6 degrees / min.

Photo 10.

Power plant

The boat has a diesel-electric main power plant, developed according to a full electric propulsion scheme. It consists of a diesel generator set located in the fourth compartment consisting of two 28DG DC diesel generators with rectifiers (1000 kW each), two groups of storage batteries of 126 elements each (total power - 10580 kWh), located in the first and third compartments, an all-mode brushless low-speed propulsion motor with excitation by permanent magnets of the SED-1 type with a power of 4100 kW.

The selected power of diesel generators allows not only “normal” charging of the battery, but also a specially developed accelerated charging mode, which can significantly reduce the time the submarine is in the periscope position. The absence of a brush current collector increases the operating safety of generators.

Electric motor SED-1 on a test bench at the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT (photo from the Rubin Central Design Bureau for MT)

Photo 11.

The all-mode propulsion motor performs the functions of the main propulsion motor and the economical propulsion motor. It drives a seven-blade, low-noise, fixed-pitch propeller with saber-shaped blades. Also, the submarine has 2 remote screw columns RDK-35. The highest underwater speed reaches 21 knots; when moving on the surface, the boat develops a speed of 10 knots. The cruising range in diesel operating mode under water reaches 6,000 miles; in a similar position, when moving at economical speed, the boat can cover 650 miles.

The submarine is equipped with a universal rescue complex of the KSU-600 type for remote automatic release of PSNL-20 life rafts (2 pcs., in the superstructure in front of the retractable devices fence).

All living quarters of the submarine are located in the third compartment. There are cabins for all crew members: for the command staff - double, for the commander - single.

For meals there is a wardroom with a pantry. All food supplies are stored in special pantries, refrigerated and non-refrigerated. Newly developed galley equipment, with its small size and energy consumption, is capable of quickly preparing hot food.

Fresh water is stored in stainless steel tanks. Replenishing water supplies is possible using a water desalination plant that utilizes diesel heat. In general, the water supply is quite sufficient for both drinking and hygienic purposes (washing dishes, showers). Habitat conditions and supplies of fuel, food and drinking water provide autonomy for 45 days.

Let me remind you also what and what. This once again confirms that The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -

Which country has the largest submarine fleet? June 3rd, 2015

More details about this place in the photo

It would seem that we can roughly estimate and say which country will have the largest number of submarines. But I didn't succeed. Maybe you can do it?

Think and say. Which? And under the cut, in reverse order, there will be the TOP 10 countries by the number of submarine fleets...

Every year, countries spend billions of dollars on their militaries. The armies, air forces and navies receive generous amounts of funding to maintain existing levels of combat readiness while developing and purchasing new weapons. Over the past few centuries, the powers of the world have quickly realized the importance and necessity of the navy. Not only a symbol of power and wealth, a strong navy can project power, be used as a political tool, protect commercial lines, and transport troops anywhere in the world.

For many nations, one of the most important and versatile components of their navies is the submarine. The first submarine was built in the 17th century. Over the next few hundred years, the submarine went through a large number of evolutions, greatly improving its mobility, practicality, lethality and overall capabilities. Today submarines are formidable force, which terrifies a potential enemy. Today we look at the 10 largest submarine fleets in the world. This list is based on total number diesel-electric and nuclear boats from the state.

10. South Korea - 14 submarines.

The submarine fleet starts this list South Korea. The Republic of Korea Navy currently operates a fleet of 14 diesel-electric submarines. Currently, 12 of these submarines are German submarine Type 209 and Type 214, while two midget submarines are built in Korea. The small Type 214 boat has eight torpedo tubes and the ability to fire anti-ship missiles and mines.

9. Türkiye - 14 submarines.

All Turkish Navy submarines are diesel-electric boats and belong to the German Type 209 variant. These submarines are among the most exported types. Costing approximately $290 million, the Type 209 is capable of firing Harpoon anti-ship missiles. Co next year The Turkish Navy plans to replace the Type 209 with more modern German Type 214 diesel-electric submarines.

8. Israel - 14 submarines.

When you think of a maritime power, Israel certainly does not come to mind. From a military point of view, most people see Israel as a land power. Yet it is known that the Israeli Navy currently has 14 submarines (although most online sources report lower numbers). The most famous boats here are the Dolphin. Built in Germany since 1998, the Dolphin-class submarines are diesel-electric and are capable of carrying and firing Israeli nuclear weapons.

7. Japan - 16 submarines.

Today, Japan's submarine force consists of diesel-electric submarines. The oldest of them was built in 1994. Japan's newest submarines are the Soryu class. They are created using the latest technology, have a range of 11,000 kilometers and can fire missiles, torpedoes and mines.

6 India - 17 submarines.

Currently, the vast majority of India's submarine force consists of diesel-electric submarines built in Russian and German shipyards. These vessels have enabled India to project its power in coastal waters and the Indian Ocean for the past 25 years. More recently, steps have been taken to create an Indian nuclear submarine fleet. Russia's lease of an Akula-class submarine and India's development of its nuclear military program - obvious signs that India would like to significantly expand the capabilities of its submarine fleet. Given the time and cost involved in building nuclear submarines, it is likely that diesel-electric boats will remain the backbone of the Indian Navy for the next few years.

5 Iran – 31 submarines.

No, that's not a typo, Iran actually currently has the fifth largest submarine fleet in the world. Over the past few years, the Islamic Republic of Iran has begun developing new surface ships and submarines. The submarine force has been, and largely remains, focused on coastal and Gulf operations. The most modern submarines are three diesel-electric boats Russian production Kilo class. Built in the 1990s, these submarines provide Iran with a patrol capability of more than 11,000 kilometers and pose a real threat to any naval forces approaching Iranian shores.

4. Russia – 65 submarines.

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With the collapse Soviet Union in the early 1990s, the Soviet Navy, like most Soviet military forces, was underfunded and Maintenance. Over the past few years, this situation has changed, as Russia seeks to reform and modernize its armed forces. The Russian Navy's submarine fleet is one of the branches of the armed forces that has benefited from this reform. Russia has about 30 nuclear submarines. New submarines are now being actively built, and it is likely that the submarine forces of the Russian Navy will soon be able to improve their position on this list in the coming years.

3 China - 69 submarines.

Over the past 30 years, China's military has undergone a program of massive expansion and modernization. In addition to ground and air forces, the submarine fleet has undergone significant development to expand functionality. China currently has about 50 diesel-electric submarines, which form the backbone of its submarine fleet. In addition, China has several nuclear ballistic missile submarines as a nuclear deterrent.

2 USA – 72 submarines.

The US Navy's submarine force is, surprisingly, not the first on this list. However, despite the fact that America has the second largest submarine fleet in the world, nevertheless, perhaps, they have the most powerful submarine fleet. Currently, the vast majority of US submarines are nuclear-powered, which means they are limited only by the amount of food and water they can carry when conducting ocean operations. Currently, the most numerous submarines are the Los Angeles class, of which about 40 are in service. Built between 1970 and 1990, the Los Angeles-class submarine costs about $1 billion, displaces nearly 7,000 tons, and can dive to depths of more than 300 meters. However, the US has now begun to replace these Cold War-era boats with new and more modern Virginia-class submarines at a cost of approximately $2.7 billion.

1 North Korea - 78 submarines.

Korean fleet People's Army ranks first on this list, with 78 submarines. All North Korean submarines are diesel-electric and all displace less than 1,800 tons. The potential danger of this force was demonstrated in 2010 when a small 130-ton Yono-class submarine sank the South Korean corvette Cheonan. However, North Korea's submarines are largely considered obsolete. The bulk of the submarine fleet consists of old boats Soviet era and small homemade coastal submarines. North Korean small submarines are very good at operating in shallow waters and riverbeds. During war, they can be used for mining, reconnaissance in enemy harbors and transporting special forces to enemy shores.

The most important part of the navy are its submarines. Modern submarines can perform a wide range of missions to detect and destroy enemy ships, submarines or ground targets. In addition, the naval component of the strategic nuclear forces is built entirely on submarines. Currently, as part of the renewal of the Navy, new submarines are being built various types. In the foreseeable future, the fleet should receive several dozen submarines, both strategic or multi-purpose, and diesel-electric or special. However, for now, the basis of the submarine fleet in quantitative terms are submarines built earlier, including before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

The four fleets of the Russian Navy (with the exception of the Caspian Flotilla) currently serve a total of 76 submarines of various types. Strategic missile submarines (SSBNs), nuclear attack submarines, diesel submarines, as well as a number of nuclear and diesel submarines are in service and in reserve. special purpose.

Strategic missile cruisers

The basis of the naval component of the nuclear forces are the Project 667BDRM Dolphin nuclear submarines. Currently, the Russian Navy has six such submarines: K-51 "Verkhoturye", K-84 "Ekaterinburg", K-114 "Tula", K-117 "Bryansk", K-118 "Karelia" and K-407 "Novomoskovsk". The submarine "Ekaterinburg" is currently undergoing repairs. Completion of work and delivery of the boat is scheduled for the end of this year. Another submarine of the Dolphin project, K-64, was withdrawn from the fleet in 1999 and soon went for refurbishment. All six Project 677BDRM submarines serve in the Northern Fleet.

The second largest type of SSBN in the Russian Navy is Project 667BDR “Squid”. Submarines of this type were built from the mid-seventies to the early eighties. Most of submarine cruisers "Squid" has now been decommissioned and disposed of. Currently, the fleet has only three submarines of this type: K-433 “St. George the Victorious”, K-223 “Podolsk” and K-44 “Ryazan”. The latter is the newest of the existing Project 667BDR submarines and was delivered to the fleet in 1982. All three Kalmars serve in the Pacific Ocean.

Until the mid-nineties, nuclear deterrence tasks were carried out by the K-129 Orenburg submarine, built according to project 667BDR. In 1996, it was decided to convert it into a carrier for deep-sea vehicles. Currently, Orenburg belongs to project 09786 and is designated BS-136.

The Northern Fleet has three nuclear submarines of projects 941 and 941UM “Akula” in service and in reserve. The heavy missile cruiser TK-208 “Dmitry Donskoy” continues to serve. This was facilitated by repairs and modernization in accordance with Project 941UM, during which the submarine received equipment for the Bulava missile system. Two other Akulas, the TK-17 Arkhangelsk and the TK-20 Severstal, were put into reserve in the middle of the last decade due to the lack of R-39 missiles. Their future fate has not yet been determined.

In January 2013, a flag-raising ceremony took place on the lead SSBN of the new Project 955 Borei. The submarine K-535 Yuri Dolgoruky, under construction since 1996, passed all tests and was handed over to the fleet. At the end of December of the same year, the submarine cruiser K-550 Alexander Nevsky was accepted into the Navy. The lead submarine of the Borei project became part of the Northern Fleet, and the first production submarine joined the Pacific Fleet.

Multipurpose nuclear submarines

The tasks of destroying various surface, underwater and coastal targets are assigned to multi-purpose nuclear submarines armed with cruise missiles and torpedoes. The most popular nuclear submarines of this class are the Project 971 Shchuka-B submarines. The Russian Navy has 11 submarines of this type, distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. Five Shchuka-B submarines serve in the Pacific Fleet, six are in the Northern Fleet. On this moment Five Project 971 submarines are undergoing repairs or are being prepared for them. To date, the Navy has lost three submarines of this type. The K-284 "Akula" boat has been in storage since 2002, the K-480 "Ak Bars" was handed over for disposal at the end of the last decade, and the dismantling of the K-263 "Barnaul" started last year.

The fate of the K-152 “Nerpa” boat is worth special consideration. It was laid down in 1991 for the domestic fleet, but financial difficulties led to the failure of all work deadlines. In 2004, a contract was signed, according to which the submarine was planned to be completed and transferred to the Indian Navy. After a number of difficulties, all work was completed, and in January 2012 the submarine was accepted by the customer.

The second largest multipurpose nuclear submarines in the Russian Navy are Project 949A Antey submarines. There are 5 and 3 submarines of this type in service in the Pacific and Northern fleets, respectively. Initially, it was planned that the Navy would receive 18 of these submarines, but the financial capabilities of the fleet allowed the construction of only 11. To date, three boats of the Antey project have been out of service. In August 2000, the K-141 Kursk submarine tragically died, and since the end of the 2000s, work has been underway to dismantle the K-148 Krasnodar and K-173 Krasnoyarsk submarines. Of the remaining submarines, four are currently undergoing repairs.

From the late seventies to the early nineties, four submarines of projects 945 Barracuda and 945A Condor were built. According to project 945, the ships B-239 “Karp” and B-276 “Kostroma” were built, according to project 945A - B-534 “ Nizhny Novgorod" and B-336 "Pskov". All these submarines are part of the Northern Fleet. Last year, work began on the repair and modernization of the Karp submarine. After it, Kostroma will undergo repairs. "Pskov" and "Nizhny Novgorod" continue to serve.

Until now, four multi-purpose nuclear submarines of Project 671RTMK “Pike” remain in the Northern Fleet. Two submarines, B-414 Daniil Moskovsky and B-338 Petrozavodsk, continue to serve, while the other two, B-138 Obninsk and B-448 Tambov, are under repair. In accordance with current plans, all the Shchukas in the fleet will end their service in the foreseeable future. It was previously reported that all of them will be written off by the end of 2015. They will be replaced by new types of multi-purpose submarines.

On June 17, 2014, a flag-raising ceremony took place on the K-560 Severodvinsk submarine, the lead and so far only ship of Project 885 Yasen. The first Yasen was laid down at the end of 1993 and launched only in 2010. By 2020, it is planned to build 8 Yasen-class submarines equipped with missile weapons. Due to the long construction time for the lead submarine, all other submarines in the series will be built according to the updated 885M project. Currently, there are three new type submarines on the stocks of the Sevmash enterprise: Kazan, Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk.

Non-nuclear submarines

Since the early eighties, several domestic shipyards have been engaged in serial production of Project 877 Halibut diesel-electric submarines. Over the past decades, several versions of this project have been created, thanks to which Halibuts of various modifications have become the most popular submarines in the Russian Navy.

The Baltic Fleet has two submarines of the Halibut project: B-227 Vyborg and B-806 Dmitrov (Project 877EKM). The Black Sea Fleet has only one Project 877B boat - the B-871 Alrosa. The Northern Fleet has the second largest group of Halibuts - five Project 877 diesel-electric submarines and one Project 877LPMB. Finally, eight Project 877 Halibut diesel-electric submarines serve at the bases of the Pacific Fleet.

A further development of Project 877 is Project 636 “Varshavyanka” and its versions. On August 22, 2014, the lead submarine of Project 636.3, the B-261 Novorossiysk, was accepted into service with the Black Sea Fleet. By the end of the decade, the Black Sea Fleet will receive five more submarines of this type. Two of them, B-237 Rostov-on-Don and B-262 Stary Oskol, have already been launched.

Until recently, great hopes were placed on the Project 677 Lada diesel-electric submarines, which are a further development of the Halibuts. Previously, there were plans to build a series of several Project 677 boats, but tests of the lead ship forced serious adjustments to be made to them. As a result, the first submarine of the project, B-585 St. Petersburg, is in trial operation by the Northern Fleet. Two production ships of Project 677 are under construction. Due to problems with the lead submarine, the construction of serial submarines was suspended for some time.

Special equipment

In addition to combat submarines, the Russian Navy has a number of special submarines and underwater vehicles designed to perform specific tasks various kinds. For example, the Baltic, Northern and Pacific fleets operate four Project 1855 Priz deep-sea rescue vehicles.

According to open data, the Northern Fleet has 10 special-purpose nuclear and diesel-electric submarines designed to perform various tasks. This equipment is intended to carry out research work, conduct rescue operations and ensure combat duty of submarine missile cruisers. The most famous representative of this class of equipment is the special AS-12 Losharik submarine, capable of diving to depths of several kilometers. It was reported that in September 2012, Losharik participated in research work in the Arctic, during which its crew collected soil samples at a depth of more than 2 kilometers.

In the future, the Russian Navy should receive a number of new special-purpose submarines. Thus, since 2012, the Belgorod submarine of Project 949A has been completed according to a special project, thanks to which it will be able to become a carrier of deep-sea research vehicles. Last spring, representatives of the Navy claimed that the military department plans to build a special hydroacoustic patrol submarine, the task of which will be to detect underwater targets at a distance of up to several hundred kilometers.

Prospects

At the moment, in total, the Russian Navy has more than seven dozen submarines and devices for various purposes. The vast majority of this equipment was built before the collapse of the Soviet Union, which has a corresponding impact on both the condition and capabilities of the submarine fleet. However, within recent years a number of measures were taken to update it. In accordance with current plans, by 2020 the Navy should receive a relatively large number of new submarines.

By the end of this decade, the fleet will receive eight Project 955 Borei strategic missile carriers, the same number of Project 885 Yasen multi-purpose nuclear submarines and six Project 636.3 Varshavyanka diesel-electric submarines. Nuclear-powered Borei and Yasen missiles will be distributed between the Northern and Pacific fleets. “Varshavyanka”, in turn, will serve at Black Sea bases. Previously it was reported about plans regarding the future project 677 Lada. In the near future, it is planned to develop an updated version of this project, which will use a new power plant. The successful completion of this project will expand plans for the construction of non-nuclear submarines.

In parallel with the construction of new submarines, the old ones will be decommissioned. For example, by 2015-16 it is planned to stop operating the remaining Project 671RTMK Shchuka nuclear submarines. Almost all submarines of this type have already been withdrawn from the fleet and disposed of, and only four remain in service. Over time, similar processes will occur with other types of submarines, which will be replaced by the new Yasen, Borei, Varshavyanka and, possibly, Lada. However, a complete renewal of the submarine fleet will take a long time and will be one of the most expensive projects throughout the history of the Russian Navy.

Based on materials from sites:
http://ria.ru/
http://rg.ru/
http://flot.sevastopol.info/
http://flotprom.ru/
http://flot.com/

On March 19, 1906, by decree of Emperor Nicholas II, the submarine forces of the Baltic Sea were created with the first formation of submarines based in the Libau naval base. This day is considered the official date of birth of the submarine forces of the Russian fleet.

Submarine forces- a striking force of the fleet, capable of covertly and quickly deploying in the required directions and delivering unexpected powerful strikes from the depths of the ocean against sea and continental targets.

Depending on the main armament, submarines are divided into missile and torpedo submarines, and according to the type of power plant into nuclear and diesel-electric. In 2006, then Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy, Admiral Vladimir Masorin, stated that the basis of the submarine forces of the Russian Navy in the future would be four types of submarines:

• strategic nuclear submarine with ballistic missiles (SSBN) or (SSBN) type "Yuri Dolgoruky" and "Alexander Nevsky";
• multi-purpose nuclear submarine with cruise missiles (PLAT and MPLATRK) "Severodvinsk" type;
• attack diesel electric submarine (DPL and DPLRK) type "Lada" and "Varshavyanka";
• The fourth type of submarines is nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines (SSGNs) of the Krasnodar type.

Russia builds boats of all main classes, including the expensive Project 885 Yasen nuclear submarines (Severodvinsk type).

According to open sources, as of 2006, the submarine fleet Russian Federation there were 12 strategic missile submarines (SSBNs). This is a Project 667 nuclear submarine of the Delta 3 and Delta 4 types. Each of them is equipped with 16-20 ballistic missiles. They are part of Russia's maritime triad of nuclear deterrent forces and carry a third of the total number of 192 intercontinental missiles (672 nuclear warheads).

The Navy also has 35 multi-purpose missile and torpedo nuclear submarines of projects 949 Granit type and 971 Akula type. Their tasks include both escorting strategic submarines and striking sea and coastal targets.

There are about 25 types of diesel electric submarines. According to the plans of the Ministry of Defense, by the end of 2010 there should have been no more than a dozen of them left. However, in 2005, the head of the department for orders and supplies of ships, naval weapons and military equipment of the Russian Ministry of Defense, Rear Admiral Anatoly Shlemov, made a statement that the series of new diesel-electric submarines of Project 677 “Lada” for the Russian Navy should consist of 50 units. According to him, “all four fleets need diesel submarines, especially the Baltic and Black Sea, where there is no place for nuclear ones.” The modernized Lada and Varshavyanka submarines are increasingly being exported to third world countries, as price, size and operational complexity make nuclear submarines available only to a limited number of countries.

The largest submarines are the Russian Typhoon class submarines (underwater displacement 26,500 tons; length - 171.5 m). The fastest submarines are Russian Alpha class submarines; They are believed to reach a top speed of 74 km/h. In 1970, the K 162 boat set a world record for underwater speed of 44.7 knots (80.4 km). On August 5, 1984, the submarine K 278 sank to a depth of 1000 meters. This is also a world record.