The most expensive construction projects. Why did the USSR stop construction of the most grandiose building in the world?

On December 30, 1922, the creation of the USSR was proclaimed at the first Congress of Soviets. Then S.M. Kirov put forward an ambitious idea - to build the Palace of the Soviets, which would become a symbol of the country.
However, the implementation of the idea began only in 1931. At every stage - from design to preparation for implementation and the start of grandiose construction - the Palace of the Soviets was a structure the likes of which did not exist in the world.

Struggle of architectural styles

In June 1931, a competition for projects was announced. A few months later, the Cathedral of Christ the Savior was destroyed. The “outdated”, according to the plans of the authorities, had to give way to the new. Both professional architects and ordinary citizens of the Union applied for the competition. The great French architect Le Corbusier was also among the competition participants. The works of B. Iofan, I. Zholtovsky and G. Hamilton entered the second round. All three projects were designed in a monumental style. Later, this style would be called the “Stalinist Empire style”. The choice of these projects marked the end of the era of Soviet constructivism - lightness and delicacy gave way to pomp and massiveness. Offended by the neglect of his thoughtful project, Le Corbusier wrote: “The people love royal palaces.” In 1933, the winner was determined - construction was to be carried out according to the design of B. Iofan. But the winning sketch was very different from the final version.

Transformation of an idea

The famous tower with the figure of Lenin was not in the first sketch: the Palace of the Soviets looked like a complex of buildings, and on the tower there was a figure of the Liberated Proletarian. Gradually, the tower acquired a level structure, and the accompanying buildings were removed. The height of the building was supposed to be 420 meters, of which 100 is the height of the statue. A grandiose statue of Lenin (one of the leader’s fingers was the size of two-storey house) appeared at the top only in 1939. The idea to make the building a pedestal did not belong to Iofan, but to the Italian Brasini. Iofan himself wanted to place the monument in front of the Palace, but the authorities liked Brazini’s proposal. In the central part of the Palace it was envisaged Big hall for 22 thousand people. The stage was in the middle, the rows of spectators walked like an amphitheater. Next to it there was a foyer, utility rooms, and the Small Hall. In the high-rise part there were chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Presidium, and offices.

Grand construction

According to the project, for the construction of the Palace and all the infrastructure, it would have been necessary to demolish almost all of Volkhonka’s historical buildings. It was supposed to make a grandiose parking lot, a square filled with concrete, move the Pushkin Museum to them. A. S. Pushkin. At the construction site, for the first time in the USSR, a preliminary analysis of the soil was carried out using core drilling - they drilled a number of wells up to 60 meters deep and analyzed the composition of the soil. The location turned out to be successful - there were dense limestones and a rocky “island” in this area. To prevent groundwater from eroding the foundation, bitumenization was used for the first time: almost 2,000 wells were drilled around the foundation pit and bitumen was poured into them. Additionally, water pumps were installed and an insulating coating was added. For the final cladding of the grandiose structure, a stone processing plant was built, which later “helped” make Moscow granite: it processed stone panels for the subway, bridges and houses. To produce concrete for the Palace, a factory was founded near it. The construction of the foundation (also designed in a special way - in the form of rings) required 550 thousand cubic meters of concrete. The diameter of each ring was about one and a half hundred meters. 34 columns were installed on them. The cross-sectional area of one column was 6 square meters. m. A car could fit on such a column. The frame of the building was created from a special grade of steel created specifically for construction - “DS”. The auxiliary frame, which directed the load to the main one, was made of corrosion-resistant steel, and was simpler. A plant was founded near the Lenin Mountains, where the elements were prepared for installation. They decided to mount the main frame on concrete rings. To lift the beams, cranes were supposed to be assembled on these rings. The higher, the fewer cranes: the installation of the statue had to be carried out by only one crane.

Final construction

The project was supposed to be completed by 1942. In 1940, the frame reached seven floors, but the war began. High-quality steel was required for the production of anti-tank hedgehogs, and the frame had to be dismantled. After the war, the country did not have the resources for such structures. The project was moved to Vorobyovy Gory, where the Moscow State University building gradually grew up instead of the Palace. The high-rise buildings were based on Iofan’s design, and the common features are clearly visible. Another trace of the project is the Kropotkinskaya metro station - it was conceived as an underground lobby of the Palace and was built on a maximum scale.

There is always construction going on in Russia, no matter what. More and more new large-scale projects are appearing, designed to make the lives of Russians better and more interesting. But in addition, they provide an opportunity to earn money for thousands of our compatriots involved in construction. On the eve of All-Russian Builder's Day, we tell residents of the region where the largest construction projects in Russia are currently underway.

But first, we want to congratulate everyone involved in the construction industry - these are the builders themselves and self-regulators, as well as veterans, architects, designers, surveyors, housing developers, workers in the building materials industry.

So, where are the most promising construction sites in Russia now, where you can now find profitable shift work?

The most ambitious construction project in Russia in 2017 is preparation for the World Cup.

The World Cup will take place in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Samara, Rostov-on-Don, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Saransk, Sochi, Yekaterinburg, Volgograd and Kaliningrad. In these cities, stadiums are being built, where specialists of various profiles and simply auxiliary workers are invited to work on shifts.

Hotels, cafes, and restaurants are being built for accommodation and leisure of guests. Thousands of kilometers of streets and highways need to be put in order, and airports need to be re-equipped. We need road workers, electricians for construction shifts, and helpers.

"Magnitka"

The largest Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works in Russia was designed in the late spring of 1925 by the Soviet institute UralGipromez. According to another version, the design was carried out by an American company from Clinwood, and the prototype of Magnitogorsk was the US Steel plant in Gary, Indiana. All three “heroes” who were at the helm of the construction of the plant - manager Gugel, builder Maryasin and head of the trust Valerius - were shot in the 30s. January 31, 1932 - the first blast furnace was launched. The construction of the plant took place in the most difficult conditions, with most of the work carried out manually. Despite this, thousands of people from all over the Union rushed to Magnitogorsk. Foreign specialists, primarily Americans, were also actively involved.

White Sea Canal

The White Sea-Baltic Canal was supposed to connect the White Sea and Lake Onega and provide access to the Baltic Sea and the Volga-Baltic Waterway. The canal was built by Gulag prisoners in record time. short time- in less than two years (1931-1933). The length of the canal is 227 kilometers. This was the first construction in the Soviet Union carried out exclusively by prisoners, which may be why the White Sea Canal is not always considered one of the “great construction projects of communism.” Each builder of the White Sea Canal was called a “prisoner of the canal army” or abbreviated as “ze-ka”, which is where the slang word “zek” came from. Propaganda posters of that time read: “Hard work will melt away your sentence!” Indeed, many of those who reached the end of construction alive had their deadlines reduced. On average, mortality reached 700 people per day. “Hot work” also influenced nutrition: the more work the “ze-ka” produced, the more impressive the “ration” he received. Standard - 500 gr. bread and seaweed soup.

Baikal-Amur Mainline

One of the largest railways in the world was built with huge interruptions, starting in 1938 and ending in 1984. The most difficult section - the North Musky Tunnel - was put into permanent operation only in 2003. The initiator of the construction was Stalin. Songs were written about BAM, laudatory articles were published in newspapers, films were made. The construction was positioned as a feat of youth and, naturally, no one knew that prisoners who survived the construction of the White Sea Canal were sent to the construction site in 1934. In the 1950s, about 50 thousand prisoners worked at BAM. Every meter of BAM costs one human life.

Volga-Don Canal

An attempt to connect the Don and Volga was made by Peter the Great in 1696. In the 30s of the last century, a construction project was created, but the war prevented its implementation. Work resumed in 1943 immediately after completion Battle of Stalingrad. However, the start date of construction should still be considered 1948, when the first excavation work began. In addition to volunteers and military builders, 236 thousand prisoners and 100 thousand prisoners of war took part in the construction of the canal route and its structures. In journalism you can find descriptions of the most terrible conditions in which prisoners lived. Dirty and lousy from the lack of opportunity to wash regularly (there was one bathhouse for everyone), half-starved and sick - this is what the “builders of communism”, deprived of civil rights, actually looked like. The canal was built in 4.5 years - and this is a unique period in the world history of the construction of hydraulic structures.

Nature Transformation Plan

The plan was adopted on the initiative of Stalin in 1948 after the drought and raging famine of 46-47. The plan included the creation of forest belts that were supposed to block the path of hot southeast winds - dry winds, which would allow climate change. The forest belts were planned to be placed on an area of 120 million hectares - that is the amount occupied by England, Italy, France, the Netherlands and Belgium combined. The plan also included the construction of an irrigation system, during the implementation of which 4 thousand reservoirs appeared. The project was planned to be completed before 1965. More than 4 million hectares of forest were planted, and the total length of forest belts was 5,300 km. The state solved the country's food problem, and part of the bread began to be exported. After Stalin's death in 1953, the program was curtailed, and in 1962 the USSR was again rocked by a food crisis - bread and flour disappeared from the shelves, and shortages of sugar and butter began.

Volzhskaya HPP

Construction of the largest hydroelectric power station in Europe began in the summer of 1953. Next to the construction site, in the tradition of that time, the Gulag was deployed - the Akhtubinsky ITL, where more than 25 thousand prisoners worked. They were engaged in laying roads, laying power lines and general preparatory work. Naturally, they were not allowed to directly work on the construction of the hydroelectric power station. Sappers also worked at the site, who were engaged in demining the site for future construction and the bottom of the Volga - the proximity to Stalingrad made itself felt. About 40 thousand people worked at the construction site and 19 thousand various mechanisms and cars. In 1961, having turned from the “Stalingrad Hydroelectric Power Station” into the “Volzhskaya Hydroelectric Power Station named after the 21st Congress of the CPSU,” the station was put into operation. It was solemnly opened by Khrushchev himself. The hydroelectric power station was a gift for the 21st Congress, at which Nikita Sergeevich, by the way, announced his intention to build communism by 1980.

Bratsk hydroelectric power station

The construction of a hydroelectric power station began in 1954 on the Angara River. The small village of Bratsk soon grew to large city. The construction of the hydroelectric power station was positioned as a shock Komsomol construction project. Hundreds of thousands of Komsomol members from all over the Union came to explore Siberia. Until 1971, the Bratsk hydroelectric power station was the largest in the world, and the Bratsk reservoir became the world's largest artificial reservoir. When it was filled, about 100 villages were flooded. Valentin Rasputin’s poignant work “Farewell to Matera” is in particular dedicated to the tragedy of the “Angarsk Atlantis”.

The world is full of unimaginably huge projects being built right under our noses. Take, for example, the bridge between three Chinese cities - Macau, Zhuhai, Hong Kong. This is how the country wants to connect 42 million people with each other. She even started building her own smart city. These and other initiatives show how investing billions in simple things like roads and internet access can make people's lives better. Below we have collected the world's largest projects in this area.

The Chinese FAST radio telescope in Guangzhou province is planned to be completed by September 2016. It will be the second largest radio telescope on the planet with a “dish” diameter of 500 meters.

Reuters

On June 1, 2016, after 17 years of construction, the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland was finally put into operation. The length of the tunnel is 57.1 km. It is the longest and deepest railway tunnel in the world. It provided convenient rail links across the Alps.

Arnd Wiegmann/Reuters

In early June, 102 years after its opening, the expanded Panama Canal was unveiled to the public. It took $5.4 billion and 40,000 workers to triple its capacity.

Reuters

The Iraqi skyscraper known as "The Bride" will be completed by 2026. He will be covered solar panels and produce as much energy as it consumes. More than a kilometer high, it will be an impressive structure with parks, offices, restaurants and a railway.

AMBS Architects

Completed in 2011, the Qingdao Bridge is the world's longest water bridge. Its length is almost 42.5 km. Lying over Jiaozhou Bay, it significantly shortens the route from eastern China (Qingdao city) and Huangdao Island.

Reuters

In 2015, the Itaipu Dam, located on the border of Brazil and Peru, generated 89.5 terawatt-hours of energy. This is one of the two largest dams in the world. It provides 75% of Paraguay's energy and 20% of Brazil's energy.

Reuters

The Crossrail project is Europe's largest construction project and the largest modernization of the London Underground. It includes ten new lines that connect 30 existing stations using new tunnels. It will begin operating in 2017 and be fully operational in 2020.

Crossrail Ltd

Hyderabad is light iron a 74-kilometer-long road that will use a radio train control system for the first time in India. Will be put into operation in 2017.

Wikimedia Commons

The Macau-Zhuhai-Hong Kong Bridge project will connect three cities located in the Pearl River Delta. This bridge will create one giant metropolis with a total population of 42 million people. It will be put into operation in 2017.

Dubai Holding

Google's parent company is Alphabet Inc. – plans to create “Smart Cities” throughout the United States. These will be refurbished areas with full Internet access, renewable energy and the latest developments in automated technologies.

Skye Gould/Tech Insider

The situation in Russia today is radically different from what we had 15 years ago, in 2000. Level industrial production grew by about 65% and almost reached Soviet levels (90% of the 1991 level)

Development Agriculture allowed us to completely close the issue of food security. There is visible progress in other segments:

A list of plants, factories, bridges and ports built over the past decades can be found on Ruxpert and on the Made-with-us project:

Today I want to very briefly go over the largest projects under construction to show what good news we should expect in the coming years. Just in case, I’ll immediately note that today I will not write about all construction projects, but only about those that seem to me the most interesting:

1. Cosmonautics

The new cosmodrome, currently under construction in the Amur region, includes two launch pads and a city for service personnel. The cosmodrome will make it possible to launch launch vehicles of the Soyuz family and, in the future, Angara, including manned versions. It is expected that after 2020, Russia will no longer be dependent on the use of Baikonur, which remains on the territory of Kazakhstan, in all aspects of space programs. First of all, this concerns manned space exploration and the launch of heavy launch vehicles. The cost of creating the cosmodrome is estimated at 300 billion rubles. The construction is the largest in Russia; 6.5 thousand people are already involved in the construction of various facilities at the cosmodrome, and it is planned to increase this number to 10 thousand. The first launch from this cosmodrome is planned for the end of 2015.

Actively being developed spaceships on nuclear engines. A number of tests have already been successfully completed. Nuclear engines will make it possible to lift many times more cargo from the ground compared to old chemical analogues. This will greatly help us during expeditions to the Moon, Mars and other objects of the solar system.

The deployment of the low-orbit satellite communication system “Gonets” is being completed. The first launch of the satellite into the system was carried out in early 1996, completion of the deployment of the system in the second stage format is planned in 2015, and the quality of communication services will be much higher than originally planned. The system must contain at least 12 actively operating satellites, with the cost of manufacturing and launching about 0.5 billion rubles for each satellite. Taking into account the previously decommissioned 10 satellites and two planned spare devices, as well as the cost of developing several modifications of both the satellites themselves and ground-based receiving devices

2. Sea ports

There are still not enough ports.

Work continues on the naval base in Novorossiysk. Many feared that work would be frozen after the return of Crimea, but so far the military harbor for submarines, on the contrary, is being built at an accelerated pace. By 2010, 13.5 billion rubles had already been allocated, and in total it was planned to allocate 92 billion rubles by 2020.

Relatively close, 140 kilometers away, the large port of Taman is being built; this is a port under construction in the Krasnodar Territory. The planned volume of investment in its construction is 200 billion rubles. Types of activity: transshipment of goods for export.

Port Olya in the Astrakhan region will become our gateway to the Caspian Sea. The first stage of the port is already operating; by 2020, cargo turnover is planned to increase to 10 million tons per year.

The port of Sabetta on the Yamal Peninsula should become one of the largest ports in the Arctic. From this port we will be able to ship liquefied natural gas along the Northern Sea Route to both Europe and the Pacific region. Last December, Sabetta also opened an airport with a runway capable of handling all types of aircraft.

The rapid development of the strategically important port in Ust-Luga (near St. Petersburg) continues. The project is planned to be fully completed by 2016, after which we will be able to regain most transit, which is now going through the Baltic countries. It is also worth mentioning the large sea transshipment complex "Bronka", which began to be actively developed in connection with the approaching completion of the construction of the port in Ust-Luga.

Another expansion of the Vostochny port is underway, which is located in the Far East, near the city of Nakhodka, which is the end point of the Trans-Siberian Railway. The structure of Vostochny Port OJSC includes two production and transhipment complexes. The first is the only specialized coal complex in the Primorsky Territory with a conveyor equipment system and a wagon unloading station. The planned cost of expansion is 13.613 billion rubles, commissioning is in 2017.

3. Railways

There are so many new railways being built now that there is no point in listing all the lines. There is currently no single railway “superproject”; there are a large number of large construction projects throughout Russia.

Interesting stuff. Reconstruction of Sakhalin railways with conversion to domestic gauge. It turns out we didn’t get around to it, but now we’re putting things in order here too. By the beginning of the 2000s. The operating part of the Sakhalin railway network had a Japanese gauge of 1067 mm, which made it difficult to share it with the all-Russian network of roads with a gauge of 1520 mm. The resurfacing is combined with track repairs, as well as the replacement of bridges and tunnels on sections built during Japanese rule, which make up the bulk of the 805 km road. The road reconstruction project in 2004 was estimated at 16 billion rubles. From 2003 to the beginning of 2015, about 550 km of road were prepared for a one-time transition to broad gauge. The implementation of the project will significantly reduce the cost of maintaining the road, and will also open the way to the construction of a bridge or tunnel to permanently connect the island with the mainland. It is planned to complete the refurbishment of the main railway track on Sakhalin by 2021.

The BAM is being reconstructed, and preparations are underway for the construction of a tunnel to connect Sakhalin with the mainland. Heavily busy areas in different regions are being expanded and duplicated. The construction of new branches in Siberia is very active.

Infrastructure development of the Tobolsk - Surgut - Korotchaevo section

The largest project implemented in Western Siberia(Ural federal district). The existing line was not designed for the current and future volume of cargo. The total investment in the project is at least 41 billion rubles, of which 31 billion is allocated by NOVATEK as an advance payment for future transportation from the Purovsky gas condensate processing plant. For 2001-2015 The government decree provided for investing 16 billion rubles in the project.

Another interesting project!! Infrastructure development of the Mezhdurechensk - Taishet section

A project to increase capacity that was almost abandoned in the 1990s. highway in southern Siberia actually started in 2012 with the commissioning of a new Abakan train fleet worth 1 billion rubles. Until 2014, it was planned to invest almost 10 billion rubles more, although according to other sources, only by the summer of 2013, and only in the construction of new tunnels on the site, 25 billion rubles were invested. The total cost of the project should reach 42.9 billion rubles by the time of the planned completion in 2019. For 2001-2015 The government decree provided for investing 13 billion rubles in the project. As part of the reconstruction of the site in 2014, a new Mansky tunnel worth 7 billion rubles and a length of 2465 meters was opened in the Sayan Mountains - the longest tunnel in the Krasnoyarsk Territory (located 59 m from the old Mansky tunnel, built in 1961-1963)

The situation with highways is similar. There are many new roads being built, but there is no one “road of the century” - there are several dozen large projects in different regions of Russia.

Personally, I am closely monitoring the progress of the construction of the expressway from Moscow to St. Petersburg. However, ring roads are also being built around Yekaterinburg, Moscow (520 km), Tyumen and some other cities, roads to ports are being laid, and the road network is being developed in the Far East.

1. Federal highway Kolyma - Omsukchan - Omolon - Anadyr

Construction of the road, designed to provide Chukotka with year-round communication with the all-Russian highway network, began in January 2012.

2. Nadym - Salekhard (330 km) is being built in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and should for the first time connect Salekhard and several other settlements with the all-Russian road network. Construction is taking place almost on the Arctic Circle in a heavily swampy area with permafrost. The construction of 53 bridges is planned on the road. The cost of the road is estimated at 32 billion rubles.

3. Federal highway Yugorsk - Nadym. The road, designed to reduce the distance on permanent roads from the south of the Urals to Yamal by 800-1000 km, has been under construction since 2008. 7.5 billion rubles have already been invested, 65 km of road have been built (from Yugorsk to the border with the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs) and it is planned to build a bridge across the Ob worth more than 20 billion rubles.

4. Lidoga - Vanino. A highway in the Khabarovsk Territory (over 300 km), designed to connect the area where the largest Far Eastern ports of Vanino and Sovetskaya Gavan are located with the all-Russian highway network. Built since 1999 in mountainous areas. The cost was estimated at 16 billion rubles in prices of those years.

5. Highway Kemerovo - Leninsk-Kuznetsky. The first expressway in Siberia. Located in the most densely populated part of Kuzbass. The total cost of the project is 18.3 billion rubles.

6. The project provides for a major reconstruction of the Leningradskoye Highway and Leningradsky Prospekt in Moscow from Tverskaya Street to Sheremetyevo Airport. Within the framework of this project, individual projects are being implemented, also related to large ones, in particular, the Alabyano-Baltic tunnel.

7.Moscow - St. Petersburg expressway ((about 700 km) Construction of the road began in 2010. The total cost of the road was estimated at 500...550 billion rubles in 2011 prices. In general, the construction of the route is planned to be completed by 2018.

8. Western high-speed diameter, St. Petersburg. An intracity highway connecting the southern and northern districts of the city. The total cost of the project is 213 billion rubles.

10. Reconstruction of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - Okha highway. The project is notable for the fact that it can reduce the costs of the planned bridge or tunnel construction project on the island. Sakhalin and can be considered as one of its preliminary stages, as it reduces the length of construction of the necessary road approaches to the bridge from the island by at least 350 km.

11. Reconstruction of the Ulan-Ude - Turuntaevo - Kurumkan - New Uoyan highway. Reconstruction of a 725 km long road running along east coast The Baikal line from the Trans-Siberian Railway to the Baikal-Amur Mainline through popular holiday destinations has been under construction since 2003. At the beginning of 2011, 77 km were put into operation. In total, 60 billion rubles are required for the reconstruction of the road.

12. Syktyvkar - Ukhta - Pechora - Usinsk - Naryan-Mar with approaches to the cities of Vorkuta and Salekhard

The project provides for the reconstruction of 55 km and the construction of 1,340 km of roads in the extreme northeast of the European part of Russia, mostly in places where previously there were no year-round roads, and there are currently no railways on the Usinsk-Naryan-Mar section. Includes the construction and reconstruction of 166 bridges and 2 ferry crossings. The total cost of the project is 93 billion rubles.

13. Reconstruction of Dmitrovskoye Highway in Moscow

14.Vladivostok - Nakhodka - Vostochny port. The new four-lane highway, being built in mountainous terrain, is designed to straighten the path between the main ports of Primorye and significantly expand the capacity of the local road network (118 km). The total cost of the project is estimated at 30 billion rubles.

15. North-Eastern Expressway, Moscow

The intracity highway along with the North-Western Expressway (it is also called the Northern Road). Construction was supposed to be completed before 2017. In the north, the road will be connected at the intersection with the Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) with the Moscow-St. Petersburg expressway under construction, and in the east - with, apparently, the Veshnyaki-Lyubertsy highway included in the project, which was planned to be continued through the territory of the Moscow region as a road bypassing Noginsk and further along the Moscow-Nizhny Novgorod-Kazan highway.

16. North-Western Expressway, Moscow

Intra-city highway along with the North-East Expressway. The 28.8 km long highway, running from Skolkovskoe to Yaroslavskoe highway, mostly consists of existing roads, almost everywhere undergoing radical reconstruction. The road will include a large Alabyano-Baltiysky tunnel worth 63 billion rubles, which is being built as part of the Bolshaya Leningradka project. In total, within the framework of the project, among other things, it is planned to build 2 bridges, 10 tunnels, 8 overpasses and 35 off-street crossings. A special information website is dedicated to the project.

17. Southern Road, Moscow Intracity highway, consisting mostly of existing roads, which must be reconstructed and connected into a single whole.

18. Reconstruction of Novorizhskoe highway, Moscow region

19. Southern bypass of Nizhny Novgorod

20. Construction of a road of republican significance Khandyga - Dzhebariki-Khaya - Eldikan (310 km) in Yakutia. In the village of Dzhebariki-Khaya there is a coal mine, and new road will ensure year-round export of hard coal, as well as provide transport infrastructure for promising projects for the development of deposits on the Aldan River. The road will adjoin the Kolyma federal highway.

21. The 249 km long highway running along the western part of the BAM is designed to connect the city of Bratsk and the entire north-east of the Irkutsk region with the west of the country along the shortest route, bypassing the detour through the Taishet-Tulun road, which deviates strongly to the south towards Irkutsk. As a result, the length of the route should be reduced by 280 km, which, according to preliminary calculations, should ensure the payback of the road in less than one year. The cost of the project is at least 15 billion rubles in 2012 prices.

22. Highway Tyumen - Nizhnyaya Tavda - Mezhdurechensky - Urai - Nyagan - Priobye. The road with a total length of more than 650 km is being built in the Tyumen region and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. It is intended to replace the existing winter roads in the vast space between Tyumen and the village of Priobye, from which the Ob River flows meridionally north to the Ob Bay. The cost of just one section, 71 km long, within the Tyumen - Nizhnyaya Tavda - Mezhdurechensky section within the borders of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug is 4,272 million rubles.

23. Radical reconstruction of the Selikino - Nikolaevsk-on-Amur highway. The road will reliably connect settlements in the lower reaches of the Amur River, as well as the international Pacific ports of Nikolaevsk-on-Amur and De-Kastri, with the “mainland”.

Huge investments in transport infrastructure will significantly help regions establish partnerships with connections with all regions of the country and raise the level of survival of the population.

At the moment, the metro in Russia is actively growing in Moscow and St. Petersburg. In cities with a population of over a million, single stations are opening.

In St. Petersburg, by 2018 it is planned to complete work on the 5th section of the Frunzensko-Primorskaya line with the Prospekt Slavy, Dunayskaya and Shushary stations. Also, a new electrical depot, Yuzhnoe, will be opened in Shushary.

In Moscow:

1. Khodynskaya line. The line with six stations has been under construction in Moscow since 2011. The total cost of the project is slightly less than 60 billion rubles.

2. Section Lermontovsky Prospekt - Kotelniki of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. The site is planned to be fully opened in 2015.

3. Section Maryina Roshcha - Dmitrovskoye Highway of the Lyublinsko-Dmitrovskaya line. The cost of the first two stages of the project to the Seligerskaya station is 63 billion rubles. In total, it is planned to commission three stages of several stations in 2015, 2016 and 2020.

4. The Likhobory Electric Depot is under construction.

5. Section Yugo-Zapadnaya - Salaryevo Sokolnicheskaya line. In December 2014, the first station of the section, Troparevo, was put into operation. The remaining two are scheduled to open in 2015.

6. Kozhukhovskaya line. A backup line for the heavily overloaded eastern part of the Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya line. Has seven stations. Commissioning is planned for 2017.

7. Construction of the Mitino electrical depot is nearing completion.

8. Multifunctional complex of the Brateevo electrical depot. The largest depot in Russia is essentially not only a depot, but also a car repair plant.

9. The second and third stages of the Solntsevskaya Line - the future part of the Kalininsko-Solntsevskaya Line - the Victory Park - Solntsevo section with seven new stations are planned to be commissioned in 2016, and three more stations - in 2017.

6. Largest bridges

Already in the summer of 2015, a bridge over the Nadym River in the city of the same name in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug should be completed. This bridge will become part of the transpolar highway, which in the future will pass through the entire north of western Siberia.

In Krasnoyarsk, Volgograd and Samara, new bridges will be built across the main rivers of the cities. A bridge across the Kama near the village of Sorochi Gory will be completed; this bridge will become the longest in Russia (Udmurtia). Another bridge across the Kama will be put into operation near the city of Kambarka. This bridge will ultimately shorten the route from Moscow to Yekaterinburg by 200 kilometers.

Finally, preparatory work has already begun on the construction of a bridge across Kerch Strait to Crimea. The 19-kilometer bridge will have 4 lanes of road traffic and 2 lanes of railway traffic.

Alabyano-Baltiysky tunnel, Moscow

A road tunnel being built in Moscow as part of the Bolshaya Leningradka project. The length of the underground part of the tunnel is 1.6 km, 6 lanes are provided. It is being built in extremely cramped conditions - in addition to difficulties with urban development, the tunnel passes under an existing metro line, a railway line and a collector of a river that was taken underground, which needed reconstruction. Construction has been underway since 2005, the first stage was put into operation in September 2013, construction was completely completed at the beginning of 2015. The cost of the project is 63 billion rubles in 2011 prices.

New Baikal tunnel

A single-track tunnel with a length of 6682.05 m with two drainage adits 1500 and 1747.36 m long, parallel to the old Baikal tunnel built in the 1980s, has been built as part of the megaproject for the reconstruction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline (BAM-2) since 2014 and should be put into operation in 2017. The tunnel will provide double-track traffic on the section of the BAM, Ust-Kut - Severobaikalsk passing through the Baikal ridge. The cost of the project is 28.9 billion rubles.

Aviation is another strategically important industry for the vast Russia, therefore special attention is paid to the construction of aviation infrastructure.

Currently, airports are being built and extensively reconstructed in Rostov-on-Don, Moscow, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and Krasnodar.

The underground storage facility "Katharina" is being built in Germany. Several tanks have already been put into operation, the rest are planned to be completed by 2017. A joint project between the Russian Gazprom and the German company VNG to build a natural gas storage facility in the cavities of a mined-out rock salt deposit started in 2008. It is planned to build gas storage tanks with a total volume of more than 600 million cubic meters. m, as well as a complex of ground equipment and a connecting pipeline 37 km long

And of course, we are building several gas pipelines at once. The Power of Siberia gas pipeline (to China) is the largest construction project of its kind in the world. Its first part - from Yakutsk through Khabarovsk to Vladivostok - will be completed at the end of 2017.

Two oil pipelines with a total length of 750 kilometers, Zapolyarye-Purpe and Tikhoretsk-Tuapse-2, are designed to supply oil to large oil refineries. Let me remind you that every year we independently process more and more crude oil.

The second stage of the Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok gas pipeline is being built, which is intended to transport gas from the north of Sakhalin to Primorye. The oil pipeline of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium, which runs through Russia and Kazakhstan, is being expanded twice.

The gas pipeline, about 1,100 kilometers long, will transport gas from the fields of the Yamal Peninsula.

Finally, a diversion from the main pipeline to the Komsomolsk Refinery will dramatically increase the capacity of the oil refinery in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.

In total, about a dozen new large transmission lines and substations are currently being built. Moreover, when I say “large”, I mean really large - such, for example, as the 220 kV line from the Neryungri State District Power Plant to Yakutsk, 1,200 kilometers long.

An interesting thing worth mentioning is the energy bridge under construction from the Zeya hydroelectric station to China.

Currently, work is underway on the construction of eight large hydroelectric power stations.

The construction of a hydroelectric power station on the Bureya River in the Amur Region is nearing completion. A counter-regulator station for the Bureyskaya hydroelectric power station is being built on the same river.

Work is underway on the second stage of the Zagorsk pumped storage station. This station will increase the efficiency of the central Russian energy system. The second stage of the Ust-Srednekamsk hydroelectric power station is also under construction.

A complex hydraulic system, with an underground diversion canal and other engineering delights, is being developed in North Ossetia. A comprehensive modernization of the Saratov hydroelectric power station and the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric power station is underway.

A very interesting project for the construction of a cascade of four hydroelectric power stations with a total capacity of 240 MW in Kyrgyzstan.

Let me remind you that in the area nuclear energy Russia is the undisputed world leader, and we are now continuing to increase our advantage. Rosatom sets records for the volume of orders for the construction of nuclear power plants abroad.

Several nuclear power plants are currently under construction in Russia. Baltic NPP in Kaliningrad, Leningrad NPP-2, Novovoronezh NPP-2. The fourth power unit of the Rostov NPP and the fourth power unit of the Beloyarsk NPP are being completed - using fast neutrons of the new BN-800 project. The first bucket of earth has been removed from the site of the future first unit of Kursk NPP-2.

I don’t even write about foreign projects - in China, Slovakia, India and other countries, I’m only talking about Russian ones today.

Two cutting-edge projects deserve special mention. The pilot complex with the BREST-300 reactor installation will in the near future make it possible to dramatically increase the safety and operating efficiency of nuclear power plants. The plant for the production of fuel for this reactor is planned to be commissioned in 2017, the reactor itself - in 2020. This development is know-how in Russia and will bring the nuclear industry to a new level of safety.

Also an interesting project is the floating APEC “Akademik Lomonosov”. This ship will be ready by 2016. If problems with the reliability of Crimea's energy supply are not resolved by that time in one way or another, it may be sent to the shores of Crimea. At the moment, an agreement has been concluded with Ukraine for the supply of electricity through Ukraine to Crimea until the end of 2015, we will make it in time.

Russia continues to build traditional power plants. In total, in the coming years it is planned to complete the construction of about 15 thermal power plants, gas turbine power plants, state regional power plants and thermal power plants throughout Russia, from Chechnya to Salekhard.

The total capacity of the new thermal power plants will be about 7 gigawatts. To understand the scale: this is more than enough to power, for example, St. Petersburg.

A huge agro-industrial park worth 42 billion rubles is being built in the Stavropol region. In the park, farmers of the South and North Caucasus federal districts will be able to store, process and sell their products.

Bryansk Meat Company is launching a huge project for the production of cattle meat with a breeding stock of 100 thousand heads. With the help of this project it is planned to replace 7% of all Russian beef imports.

The Velikoluksky pig-breeding complex continues to be built. Now about 500 thousand pigs are fattened there, while the number of inhabitants is planned to be increased to a million. As part of the same project, a feed mill, a poultry farm and a cattle farm will be built.

This year, the Tambov Bacon pig farms will reach full capacity; the total number of livestock will be half a million pigs. In the city of Yelets, a huge complex for the production of poultry and pork is also being completed.

A greenhouse complex with an area of 200 hectares is being built in Dagestan, where sugar beet seedlings and other vegetables will be grown. Please note - “seedlings”. This is about solving the seed fund problem. Also in Dagestan, an agrotechnopark is being built jointly with the Italians, in which a lot of things will be produced, from seeds to fruit fillers and bioethanol (biofuel).

Another greenhouse complex, with an area of 240 hectares and a capacity of 70 thousand tons of vegetables, is being built in Kaluga region. A complex of comparable size is being built in the Krasnodar region.

Five modern complexes with a total capacity of 70 thousand tons are also being built in Bashkiria - only they will no longer produce vegetables, but pork. Three pig farms with a total population of 150 thousand animals are being built in the Chelyabinsk region. In addition to the pig farms, a meat processing and canning plant will be built, and new roads will be built specifically for the project.

Finally, in Rostov region a powerful agricultural complex for the production of turkey meat is being completed. This complex is designed to provide fresh turkey meat to the whole of Russia.

Please note: I only list the largest agricultural projects above.

With all due respect to the feat of the Soviet workers, the remarks that we are supposedly now only using old groundwork do not correspond to reality.

A coal mining complex has already been partially put into operation in Kuzbass. Approximately now, a washing plant should be operational there, and by 2016 the enterprise will produce 1.5 million tons of oxidizing coal of the “Zh” grade.

There, in Kuzbass, the Pervomaisky coal mine is being built with a capacity of 15 million tons of D-grade coal. The total coal reserves there amount to 520 million tons - that is, the reserves will last for more than 30 years.

Finally, the Erunakovskaya-8 mine with a design capacity of 3 million tons of coal per year is being completed in Kuzbass. GZh grade coking coal from this mine is already supplied to EVRAZ metallurgical plants.

The Elga coal deposit, the largest coal deposit in Russia, is being completed. To understand the scale: this project is many times larger than all three projects in Kuzbass combined. The deposit is connected to a railway and a power line.

In Yakutia, the Inaglinsky coal complex with a capacity of 3 million tons of coal per year is being built. The technical re-equipment of Urgalugol OJSC in the Khabarovsk Territory is underway; after completion of the work, production capacity will increase from 2.5 to 7 million tons. A new enrichment plant will also be put into operation there.

Construction of a huge coal mining complex is underway at the Mezhegey deposit in the Republic of Tyva.

The times when you could make a hole in the ground and immediately release the oil coming from the hole into a pipe are long gone. Now oil is pumped out of deposits that in the fifties were not even considered deposits - since they are something like huge bricks soaked in oil.

Oil production today is very high tech, including computer ones. This is what we are building today in this segment.

The Sakhalin-3 field is the third project on the Sakhalin shelf. In fact, these are several oil and gas projects combined together. In the future, gas from Sakhalin-3 should become the main resource base for the Sakhalin-Khabarovsk-Vladivostok gas pipeline. The total cost of developing the Sakhalin-3 project will apparently be hundreds of billions of rubles.

Separately, it should be noted that during geological exploration work at one of the Sakhalin-3 sites, in addition to gas, large reserves of gas condensate and oil were discovered. Thus, the reserves of the newly discovered Yuzhno-Kirinskoye gas condensate field alone are estimated at 680 billion cubic meters of gas, 200 million tons of condensate and 464 million tons of oil.

Oil and gas condensate field named after. V. Filanovsky was opened about 10 years ago. The field, located on the Caspian Sea shelf 220 kilometers from Astrakhan, should be put into operation in 2015. Pipelines have already been built that connect this field with the neighboring field named after. Yu. Korchagina.

A huge mining and processing plant (mining and processing plant) is being built in the Volgograd region on the basis of the Gremyachinskoye potassium salt deposit. After the launch of the mining and processing plant, Eurochem will become the first company in Russia (and the fourth in the world) to produce the full range of mineral fertilizers. This, by the way, relates to the issue of our agriculture’s dependence on imports.

IN Perm region Construction of the Talitsky Mining and Processing Plant continues. The development is carried out by the Acron group, the largest producer of mineral fertilizers.

The new production facility is being built at the existing mining and processing plant in the city of Stary Oskol. The capacity of the factory under construction will be 6 million tons of iron ore pellets per year. This should completely cover the needs of the Novolipetsk Metallurgical Plant, even taking into account the commissioning of the capacity of the new blast furnace No. 7 “Rossiyanka”.

Let me remind you that the “Rossiyanka”, which started operating in 2012 (pictured with the post), is the first blast furnace to be built in Russia in 25 years. This furnace should increase the volume of pig iron smelting in the country by 30%:

http://ruxpert.ru/Large_Russian_projects_(Vladimir_Putin,_2012-2018)

http://www.smt-nlmk.ru/projects/33/

IN Murmansk region The second stage of the Oleniy Ruchey mining and processing plant is being built at the apatite-nepheline ore deposit. From these ores you can extract phosphate fertilizers, phosphorus, aluminum, soda and many other things useful for our economy.

Also in the Murmansk region, work is underway in Kirovsk - the Yuksporsky tunnel is being laid there to transport ore from the United Kirovsky mine.

In Buryatia, a mining and processing plant is being built at the Ozernoye deposit, which contains impressive reserves of zinc, lead, cadmium, silver and gold. Silver alone will be mined there 120 tons per year. However, the largest gold mining enterprise in Russia will be another mining and processing plant, the Natalka mining and processing plant in the Magadan region. Production will be 13-15 tons of gold per year, and the largest ball mill in the world will operate at the mine. A ball mill is a huge drum into which ore for grinding and special balls or rods of some hard material are poured. The drum rotates, the rods fall onto the ore and grind it into fine dust.

The Bystrinsky mining and processing plant is being built in the Trans-Baikal Territory. The reserves of the deposit, from which ore will be supplied to the plant, amount to 2.7 million tons of copper and 236 tons of gold. Let me remind you that each ton of gold now costs approximately 2.5 billion rubles. It's a lot.

Norilsk Nickel plans to launch two more stages of the Talnakh enrichment plant in 2016 and 2018. After reconstruction, the volume of ore processed at the plant will double, and the quality of the concentrate will also increase.

Finally, work continues on Rosatom’s major uranium mining project in Buryatia. In 2016, the facility should provide the country with 500 tons of uranium, and by 2019, production will more than triple, to 1,800 tons.

An incredible amount of building materials is produced in Russia, from bricks to climate control systems. However, the list of large projects includes only projects with a volume of 10 billion rubles and above. This is a very serious bar that only cement factories can break through in the building materials industry segment.

You can get acquainted with the news about the opening of factories for the production of other materials, for example, on Sdelanounas.

So, five cement plants are currently being built, in different regions of Russia. The largest of them promises to be the Asia-Cement plant in the Penza region, its productivity will be 4 million tons of cement per year. Together, these five plants will produce 13 million tons of cement annually for the country.

It's a lot. To understand the scale: countries such as Poland, Great Britain and Canada produce approximately 13 million tons of cement per year.

In the comments to past posts about construction, some irresponsible readers were indignant at the fact that all construction is allegedly taking place only in the European part of Russia. I answer the unfair reproach: not all. A lot of facilities are being built, for example, in the Far East, which the Kremlin now considers one of the most important federal districts of the country.

Specifically regarding timber: a center for advanced wood processing is being built in the city of Amursk, Khabarovsk Territory. The first facility of the project - a plant for the production of peeled veneer with a capacity of 300 thousand square meters per year - has already been launched. In total, by 2018 it is planned to commission 8 million square meters of production capacity.

Also, a huge forestry park is being built in the city of Asino, Tomsk region, this is our joint project with the Chinese. In total, 5 thousand people will work in the park, the capacity of logging units will be 3.5 million cubic meters of wood per year. The other day, on February 11, the first of the park’s 10 factories was opened; veneer is produced there.

20. Metallurgy

First of all, it should be pointed out that metallurgy is a serious business. Therefore, large projects should include not only the construction of new plants, but also the modernization of existing ones.

So, in the summer of 2014, at the Lysvensky plant in the Perm region, they began to build a workshop for the production of cold-rolled sheets. The cost of the first stage of the project alone will be 13 billion rubles, the workshop will start operating in 2016.

The technical re-equipment of the Vyksa Metallurgical Plant in the Nizhny Novgorod Region is underway. This plant was founded during the time of Elizabeth Petrovna and is one of the oldest in Russia. The plant continues to expand its wheel-rolling production, and is also modernizing its complexes for the production of small and medium-diameter pipes.

At the Kamensk-Ural Metallurgical Plant, construction of a unique rolling complex for the production of aluminum semi-finished products used in the aerospace industry is underway. Just in case, I will repeat once again that projects in metallurgy are usually very large in scale. So, this rental complex alone costs as much as 25 Sukhoi Superjet-100 aircraft.

In the same Kamensk-Uralsk, the Sinarsky Pipe Plant is being modernized. Another large pipe plant (Volgorechensky) is expanding in the Kostroma region.

Near the city of Kovrov Vladimir region A new steel rolling mill is being built. The plant's capacity will be 1.2 million tons of rolled metal annually.

A new pipe and steelmaking complex is being created on the basis of the Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant. After the commissioning of the second stage of the project, the plant’s capacity will produce 450-500 thousand tons of seamless pipes per year.

A new sheet-rolling shop is being built at the Ashinsky Metallurgical Plant (in the Chelyabinsk region). As part of the project, the 2800 rolling mill will be put into operation.

Not far from the Boguchanskaya hydroelectric power station, the Boguchansky aluminum plant is being built. It is assumed that the plant will become the main consumer of electricity from this hydroelectric power station - such a combination of the hydroelectric power station and the plant is logical, since the cost of electricity is very important in the production of aluminum. The project is large: the production capacity of the plant will be 600 thousand tons of aluminum per year.

Another aluminum plant, with a capacity of 750 thousand tons, is being built in the Irkutsk region.

Finally, the Tulachermet-Steel foundry and rolling complex is being built in the Tula region. The complex will produce high-quality rolled metal for mechanical engineering, shipbuilding and the defense industry.

Why is oil good? Because besides gasoline and diesel fuel, you can make a lot of useful things out of it. Well, gasoline and diesel fuel, of course, can also be done - and what is important is that fuel prices are not subject to such strong fluctuations as crude oil.

In 2011, Russia adopted a large program for the construction and modernization of oil refineries. During modernization, 124 secondary process plants must be reconstructed and built by 2020 alone.

It is important to note that in oil refining the size of plants is often an order of magnitude larger than in metallurgy. This is a very serious business. This is what is being built in this segment right now.

Russia's largest polyethylene production plant is being completed in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The plant has been under construction for a very long time, but in December 2014 the press reported that construction would soon be completed.

In the city of Budennovsk (Stavropol Territory), Lukoil is building a huge gas chemical complex that will process raw materials from the Northern Caspian Sea.

The largest complex for the production of liquefied natural gas in the European part of Russia is being developed in the Smolensk region. This gas will be used to supply remote settlements to which there is no point in extending gas distribution networks.

A large oil refining and petrochemical complex is being built in Nizhnekamsk (Tatarstan). The project is of great strategic importance: it will improve the quality of Russian export Urals oil by combating the impurities it contains. Part of the complex is already operating - for example, in March 2014, TANECO launched a new combined hydrocracking unit there.

In the Khabarovsk Territory, reconstruction of the Komsomolsk and Khabarovsk oil refineries is underway. Reconstruction of oil refineries is also underway in Moscow, Omsk and Novokuibyshevsk, Samara Region.

Unfortunately, the meager listing of the factories being reconstructed does not give an idea of the real scale of the work being carried out. Since we have already begun to measure the size of projects in aircraft, I will point out that specifically in Novokuibyshevsk it is planned to invest about 250 billion rubles in the creation of ultra-modern production. For this money you can buy a fleet of new aircraft comparable in size to the entire fleet of our huge Aeroflot.

In Nizhnekamsk, which I have already mentioned, a complex for deep processing of heavy oil residues is being built; bitumen and vacuum gas oil will be made from these residues.

The reconstruction of the production of the Angarsk Petrochemical Company continues. Reconstruction of the Tuapse oil refinery is underway. By the way, after reconstruction the Tuapse plant will become the largest in Europe for deep oil refining, and the refining depth will increase from 56% to 99%.

The second stage of an oil refinery is being built in the village of Yaya, Kemerovo region. A complex for the production of various types of acrylic acid is being built on the territory of the Monomer plant in the city of Salavat (Bashkortostan).

A complex for the production of class 5 diesel fuel with a capacity of 1.8 million tons is being built at the Volgograd Oil Refinery. The complex will include one of the most powerful soft hydrocracking units in the world.

In Astrakhan, Gazprom is expanding the production of Euro-4 diesel fuel. Finally, the Antipinsky oil refinery is being completed: the plant will produce fuel according to Euro-5 standards, while the depth of oil refining will increase from the current 60% to 94%.

22. Aviation

Work is underway on a fifth-generation fighter, which has not yet received a final name and is now known as the T-50, I-21 and PAK FA. Flight tests of the prototypes are currently underway. We are working jointly with India on the export version of the fighter, FGFA.

I already wrote about the MS-21 (Yak-242) - this family of medium-range aircraft will have to replace the Tu-134, Tu-154 and partly the Tu-204. Currently, thanks to life-giving sanctions, work on the MS-21 has sharply intensified. There is already a significant volume of orders for these airliners.

Work continues on the Tu-204SM, a deep modernization of the Tu-204. The updated avionics will allow the crew to be reduced to two people, while the aircraft will be able to operate on a runway that is one and a half times shorter.

The Il-476 is made at the Aviastar plant in Ulyanovsk; in total, it is planned to build more than 100 aircraft of various modifications.

23. Largest ships and vessels

By December 2017, the world's largest nuclear icebreaker "Arktika" will be launched in St. Petersburg; its power will be an incredible 60 megawatts.

The construction of submarines continues at an accelerated pace. Currently under construction are three submarine cruisers of the Yuri Dolgoruky type, three Project 8851 Yasen-M cruisers and one cruiser called Khabarovsk, detailed information about which has not yet been disclosed to the general public. Construction is also underway on a Project 09852 research submarine, which will primarily engage in scientific activities.

Built in large quantities submarines projects 636.1 and 636.3, two submarines of project 677 are being completed.

The construction of nine frigates of projects 11356 and 22350 is underway. These are multi-purpose ships of the far sea zone, they are named after the names of the admirals: “Admiral Grigorovich”, “Admiral Essen” and so on. These are large ships, each costing from 10 to 18 billion rubles.

Four large ammonia production complexes are being built in different parts of Russia. Yesterday I was asked to compare the scale with the Olympics in Sochi - well, these four complexes taken together cost about half of the Olympic Games we won.

However, in fairness it should be noted that Olympic Games did not cost us nearly as much as liberal journalists thought:

http://ruxpert.ru/Myths_about_the_Olympics_in_Sochi

IN Sverdlovsk region A large methanol production plant is being built. A pure polymer plant is being built in Kabardino-Balkaria - which, by the way, will become part of the agro-industrial cluster being created in the republic.

A very important industry, I’ll write about it in a little more detail.

Organized on the basis of the famous plant named after. Klimov “Petersburg Motors” after the completion of the second stage of the import substitution program will produce 600 helicopter engines per year. Also in St. Petersburg, the well-deserved Obukhov plant and four other enterprises of the Almaz-Antey concern are being transferred to a new site. In the Leningrad region, together with Siemens, a plant is being built to produce large gas turbines.

The Chinese Great Wall is building an impressive plant in the Tula region for the production of Haval cars.

A production plant is being built in Ulyanovsk car tires"Bridgestone".

A cluster of automobile production is developing in Vladivostok - there the emphasis is on the production of cars of Korean and Japanese brands.

KnAAPO and the Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aviation Plant named after Yuri Gagarin, a key manufacturer of Su aircraft, are being modernized.

A huge Zvezda shipyard is being built in Bolshoi Kamen Bay (between Vladivostok and Nakhodka). There they will make ships with a displacement of up to 350 thousand tons.

Two plants of the Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern are being built in Nizhny Novgorod and Kirov. There, as you might guess, they will mass produce modern systems Air defense.

The modernization of Izhora Plants is being completed. After modernization, production volume will double: the enterprise will produce 4 nuclear reactors per year.

An auto cluster is being built near Kaliningrad - 21 plants will be built on neighboring sites. Five factories will be factories full cycle, another 16 factories will produce a variety of automotive components.

Here I see no point in talking in detail about construction projects. Journalists cover this kind of projects in sufficient detail and, perhaps, few people in Russia doubt that new buildings - skyscrapers, shopping complexes, areas of residential high-rise buildings - are being built here great amount.

Let me remind you, by the way, that last year we overtook the RSFSR in terms of the pace of construction.

A powerful hydroelectric complex is being built in the Omsk region to regulate the water level on the Irtysh River. The hydroelectric complex will make Omsk’s water supply more reliable, as well as improve working conditions for river transport.

Just in case, let me remind you that I wrote in detail about hydropower in one of the previous posts in the series - several hydroelectric power stations and one pumped storage power plant are currently being built in Russia.

28. Communications, telecommunications, data processing

Russian Post is creating a network of automated sorting centers. Work continues on the implementation of the UEC, a universal electronic card. 4G LTE networks are being developed. Television is transitioning to digital format.

Currently, about 20 technology parks are being developed in Russia - places that provide especially good conditions for entrepreneurs to develop high-tech businesses. I don’t see any point in listing all twenty, I’ll mention only one - the Khimgrad technopolis in Kazan.

Khimgrad specializes in the chemical industry and everything connected with it - from oil to medicine. A large number of “residents” already work there, and in the foreseeable future it is planned to increase the number of residents to 200 enterprises.

To write about science you need or have specialized knowledge or to thoroughly understand the issue. Therefore, I will simply briefly list the main major projects.

The PIK Neutron Reactor is expected to be put into operation soon in St. Petersburg. In Dubna, Moscow Region, work is underway on the NICA collider. We do a lot of work together with foreign scientists - of these, it is worth mentioning the FAIR accelerator, the European XFEL laser and the International Experimental Thermonuclear Reactor.

An oceanarium is being built in Vladivostok, which should become one of the largest in the world.

You can read about projects in the field of space and nuclear energy in previous posts in the series - I will only note that there are a good amount of them.

A large number of different medical centers are now opening in Russia - however, each individual center costs relatively little, and does not reach the size of a large chemical plant.

Of the really large projects, we have a medical center in Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region, it is designed to accommodate 18 thousand (!) inpatients. The center will specialize specifically in oncology. Doctors expect that this center will significantly reduce the cancer mortality rate in Russia.

Also in Russia there is a program for the construction of several dozen perinatal centers, modernization of maternity hospitals and children's hospitals. 24 perinatal centers have already been built.

In terms of ecology, it is worth highlighting the program for the destruction of chemical weapons stockpiles. This is a very expensive undertaking.

32. Sports facilities

The country is building several truly large stadiums, as well as several large resorts. It is clear that every small city has its own stadium, but only truly large-scale projects, such as a stadium for 45 thousand spectators in Rostov-on-Don, are included in the list of large ones.

Separately, I would like to note that the implementation of the “500 swimming pools” program continues. By the fall of 2014, the first 50 pools had already been built under this program.

Russia is a large country, so our territories are often developed for a specific project. A familiar example to everyone is the Olympic Games in Sochi, for which the region’s infrastructure was seriously updated. A huge number of roads, bridges, tunnels, a power plant, etc., were built. The Olympics passed, but all the infrastructure remained.

Another example is the APEC summit in Vladivostok, for which Vladivostok received, in particular, two very important bridges for the city: the Golden Bridge and the Russian Bridge.

Now there are a dozen more projects of this kind being implemented. Of these, we can highlight, for example, the “Northern Latitudinal Railway,” a comprehensive project for the development of the Arctic zone of Russia. Also very interesting is the project on integrated development Lower Angara region, which should transform several areas Krasnoyarsk Territory from the taiga wilderness to inhabited places.

Large resources are now being invested in Ufa, the Kaliningrad region, the Kuril Islands, Murmansk and several other important regions. There is a strong development of ports and transport hubs, some of which I have already listed before.

Finally, big job coming to Crimea - the entire infrastructure there will be reconstructed, from the airport in Simferopol to the famous children's center "Artek". Also, both the bridge, which I already wrote about above, and an underwater electric cable will be laid across the Kerch Strait to Crimea.

Let me sum it up

I’ll finish the review with the words of the great Russian philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev:

The Russian people created the most powerful state in the world, the greatest empire. Russia has consistently and persistently gathered from Ivan Kalita and reached dimensions that stun the imagination of all peoples of the world.

The most expensive construction projects. Why did the USSR stop construction of the most grandiose building in the world?

Struggle of architectural styles

Transformation of an idea

Grand construction

Final construction

"Magnitka"

White Sea Canal

Baikal-Amur Mainline

Volga-Don Canal

Nature Transformation Plan

Volzhskaya HPP

Bratsk hydroelectric power station

1. Cosmonautics

2. Sea ports

3. Railways

6. Largest bridges

20. Metallurgy

22. Aviation

23. Largest ships and vessels

28. Communications, telecommunications, data processing

Let me sum it up

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