Table of paired sounds of Russian. Hard and soft consonants

At home and on the street we can hear many sounds: human steps, the ticking of a clock, the sound of rain, birdsong, a car horn. However, the sounds of human speech stand apart and differ from others, because with their help you can form words. It is known that all sounds of the Russian language are divided into two groups: consonants and vowels. When forming vowels, air does not become obstructed in the oral cavity. But in the case of pronunciation of consonants, an obstacle arises in the oral cavity. So, what groups can they be, what does the expression “paired consonants” mean?

Voiceless and voiced consonants

The division into these groups is as follows: voiced consonants are pronounced with the help of noise and voice, but deaf consonants consist of noise alone. The first and second can form pairs based on deafness/voice. Correlative pairing is represented by 12 rows. For example: “d” - “t”, “g” - “k”, “z” - “s” and others. Such sounds are paired consonants. But not all consonants can be paired. They are not formed by voiced “n”, “m”, “l”, “y”, “r”, as well as unvoiced “ts”, “x”, “sch”, “ch”. In writing, sounds are indicated by corresponding letters. It's important to be careful. Paired and unpaired consonants at the end of a word or in the middle before a consonant may sound the same, but be designated by different letters. To check their spelling, it is necessary to find a word with the same root, so that after the consonant being checked there is a vowel, and the sound leaves no doubt about the spelling. For example:

gris b- gris b y, gree pp- gris pp chilly;

ro T- ro T ova (cavity), ro d- ro d ova (lock).

Consonants soft and hard

Depending on the position of the tongue when pronouncing sounds, all consonants are divided into hard and soft. These are different phonemes. Paired and unpaired consonants are distinguished. Examples of pairs: “v” - “v,” , “k” - “k,” , “r” - “r,” and others. icon ( , ) indicates the softness of the sound during transcription. Steam is not formed by soft “sch”, “ch”, “th”, and also by always hard “sh”, “zh”, “ts”. Of course, it is very important to distinguish between paired consonant sounds, hard and soft. Sometimes they even distinguish words. For example:

m ate - m ol, me l- meh l b.

IN " m el" and "me lь" highlighted consonants are soft, and in words " m ol" and "me l"- hard. Thanks to this special pronunciation, words are not confused.

When writing words, the softness of consonant sounds can be indicated in the following ways:

Using "b". For example: skates, elk, hit.
Using the letters “i”, “i”, “e”, “e”, “yu”. These are the cases: wheel, thrown, ball.

It is important to remember that in the middle of a word before a consonant, softness is not indicated by a soft sign in the following combinations: “st”, “schn”, “nt”, “rsch”, “chn”, “chk”, “nsch”, “nch”. Pay attention to the words: to LF ina, spo rshch itza, mo st iki. In the selected combinations, the first consonant is heard softly, but is written without

The letters “ya”, “e”, “e”, “yu” can represent the vowel sounds “a”, “e”, “o”, “u” + the softness of the consonant before them. In other cases (at the beginning of a word, after “ь”, “ъ”) they mean two sounds. And before the “i” sound, the consonants will always be pronounced softly.

So, one could notice that the creation of pairs is a feature that is very characteristic of the system of consonant sounds of the Russian language. Paired consonants are combined into groups and at the same time opposed to each other. They often help distinguish words.

In Russian, not all consonants can be both hard and soft. For example, in the word “song” there is an N after the C and we mark the C as a hard consonant. In writing, the hardness and softness of consonant sounds are indicated only when writing a transcription. Find consonant sounds that sound before voiced paired consonants.

So, let's look at vowel sounds, which are divided into hard and soft. Pay attention to consonant sounds at the end of words and before voiceless consonants. 5 letters, 6 sounds). But not all consonant sounds and letters form pairs. Those consonants that do not have pairs are called unpaired.

Make this reminder to your child and let it help him distinguish between hard and soft sounds. Apply all these methods at once and your child will learn to identify hard and soft consonants without any problems. Even though these consonants are paired, they are still very different. First, the child learns to understand how letters are divided into vowels and consonants. It's easy enough to determine solid sound consonant or soft.

Having remembered this simple rule, children no longer experience difficulties in determining the hardness and softness of individual consonant sounds if they are followed by a vowel. If, when pronouncing a word or syllable, the corners of the mouth move into a smile (i.e., the consonant is followed by one of the vowels i, e, e, yu, i), then this consonant sound is soft. Phonetics gives clear concept about whether a consonant sound will be voiced or unvoiced. To remember and distinguish voiced consonants from deaf ones, we divide them into pairs. There are 11 of them in total, if you take into account soft consonants (exception -) -; -; -; -; -.

In each case there are consonants that have a pair, as well as consonants that do not have a pair. Let's look at paired and unpaired consonants, and in what words they occur. In an unstressed position, vowels are pronounced less clearly and sound for less duration (i.e., they are reduced). When letters that usually denote voiceless consonants, when voiced, denote voiced sounds, this seems so unusual that it can lead to errors in transcription.

In tasks related to comparing the number of letters and sounds in a word, there may be “traps” that provoke errors. If a person pronounces consonants, he closes his mouth (at least a little), which causes noise. But consonants make different noises.

Which sounds are always hard and which are soft?

You can conduct a similar experiment by placing your hands on your neck on the right and left sides, and pronounce the sounds and. The sound is pronounced much louder, more resonant. Scientists call such sounds voiced, and sounds that consist only of noise are dull. Let's populate phonetic houses in the city of sounds. Let’s agree: dull sounds will live on the first floor, and voiced sounds will live on the second floor.

Let's put unpaired consonant sounds in our houses. Let us remind you that the sound is always only soft. The sounds of the second house are also called sonorous, because they are formed with the help of the voice and almost without noise, they are very sonorous. Comparison with vowel sounds. Each consonant has characteristics that distinguish it from other consonant sounds. In speech, sounds can be replaced under the influence of neighboring sounds in a word. It is important to know the strong and weak positions of consonant sounds in a word in order to spell them correctly.

We need to teach the child to hear them and identify them based on various signs. If the child has this reminder before his eyes, it will be easier for him to remember these letters. You can print it out and hang it above the table where your child studies.

It depends on the position of the letter in the word. At the end of a syllable ringing sound is muted, the same happens if the letter comes before a voiceless consonant, for example “dove”. It is necessary to remember that after hard consonants there are always vowels: a; O; y; e; s. If after the consonant there are: and; e; Yu; I; e, then these consonants are soft.

Sound is the smallest unit of language pronounced with the help of the organs of the speech apparatus. Scientists have discovered that at birth, the human ear perceives all the sounds it hears. All this time, his brain sorts out unnecessary information, and by 8-10 months a person is able to distinguish sounds unique to his native language and all the nuances of pronunciation.

33 letters make up the Russian alphabet, 21 of them are consonants, but letters must be distinguished from sounds. A letter is a sign, a symbol that can be seen or written. The sound can only be heard and pronounced, and in writing it can be designated using transcription - [b], [c], [d]. They carry a certain semantic load, connecting with each other to form words.

36 consonant sounds: [b], [z], [v], [d], [g], [zh], [m], [n], [k], [l], [t], [p ], [t], [s], [sch], [f], [ts], [w], [x], [h], [b"], [z"], [v"], [ d"], [th"], [n"], [k"], [m"], [l"], [t"], [s"], [p"], [r"], [ f"], [g"], [x"].

Consonant sounds are divided into:

soft and hard;

voiced and voiceless;

paired and unpaired.

Soft and hard consonants

The phonetics of the Russian language is significantly different from many other languages. It contains hard and soft consonants.

When pronouncing a soft sound, the tongue is pressed harder against the palate than when pronouncing a hard consonant sound, preventing the release of air. This is what distinguishes a hard and soft consonant sound from each other. In order to determine in writing whether a consonant sound is soft or hard, you should look at the letter immediately after the specific consonant.

Consonant sounds are classified as hard in the following cases:

if letters a, o, u, e, s follow after them - [poppy], [rum], [hum], [juice], [bull];
after them there is another consonant sound - [vors], [hail], [marriage];
if the sound is at the end of the word - [darkness], [friend], [table].

The softness of sound is written as an apostrophe: mole - [mol’], chalk - [m’el], wicket - [kal’itka], pir - [p’ir].

It should be noted that the sounds [ш'], [й'], [ч'] are always soft, and hard consonants are only [ш], [тс], [ж].

A consonant sound will become soft if it is followed by “b” and vowels: i, e, yu, i, e. For example: gen - [g"en], flax - [l"on], disk - [d"ysk] , hatch - [l "uk", elm - [v "yaz", trill - [tr "el"].

Voiced and voiceless, paired and unpaired sounds

Based on their sonority, consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless. Voiced consonants can be sounds created with the participation of the voice: [v], [z], [zh], [b], [d], [y], [m], [d], [l], [r] , [n].

Examples: [bor], [ox], [shower], [call], [heat], [goal], [fishing], [pestilence], [nose], [genus], [swarm].

Examples: [kol], [floor], [volume], [sleep], [noise], [shch"uka], [choir], [king"], [ch"an].

Paired voiced and voiceless consonants include: [b] - [p], [zh] - [w], [g] - [x], [z] - [s]. [d] - [t], [v] - [f]. Examples: reality - dust, house - volume, year - code, vase - phase, itch - court, live - sew.

Sounds that do not form pairs: [h], [n], [ts], [x], [p], [m], [l].

Soft and hard consonants can also have a pair: [p] - [p"], [p] - [p"], [m] - [m"], [v] - [v"], [d] - [ d"], [f] - [f"], [k] - [k"], [z] - [z"], [b] - [b"], [g] - [g"], [ n] - [n"], [s] - [s"], [l] - [l"], [t] - [t"], [x] - [x"]. Examples: byl - bel, height - branch, city - cheetah, dacha - business, umbrella - zebra, skin - cedar, moon - summer, monster - place, finger - feather, ore - river, soda - sulfur, pillar - steppe, lantern - farm, mansions - hut.

Table for memorizing consonants

To clearly see and compare soft and hard consonants, the table below shows them in pairs.

Table. Consonants: hard and soft

Solid - before the letters A, O, U, Y, E Soft - before the letters I, E, E, Yu, I	Hard and soft consonants
	b	ball	b"	battle
	V	howl	V"	eyelid
	G	garage	G"	hero
	d	hole	d"	tar
	h	ash	z"	yawn
	To	godfather	To"	sneakers
	l	vine	l"	foliage
	m	March	m"	month
	n	leg	n"	tenderness
	P	spider	P"	song
	R	height	R"	rhubarb
	With	salt	With"	hay
	T	cloud	T"	patience
	f	phosphorus	f"	firm
	X	thinness	X"	chemistry
Unpaired	and	giraffe	h	miracle
	w	screen	sch	hazel
	ts	target	th	felt

Another table will help you remember consonant sounds.

Table. Consonants: voiced and voiceless

Doubles	Voiced	Deaf
	B	P
	IN	F
	G	TO
	D	T
	AND	Sh
	Z	WITH
Unpaired	L, M, N, R, J	X, C, Ch, Shch

Children's poems for better mastery of the material

There are exactly 33 letters in the Russian alphabet,

To find out how many consonants -

Subtract ten vowels

Signs - hard, soft -

It will immediately become clear:

The resulting number is exactly twenty-one.

Soft and hard consonants are very different,

But not dangerous at all.

If we pronounce it with noise, then they are deaf.

The consonant sounds proudly say:

They sound different.

Hard and soft

In fact, very light.

Remember one simple rule forever:

W, C, F - always hard,

But Ch, Shch, J are only soft,

Like a cat's paws.

And let’s soften others like this:

If we add a soft sign,

Then we get spruce, moth, salt,

What a cunning sign!

And if we add the vowels I, I, Yo, E, Yu,

We get a soft consonant.

Brother signs, soft, hard,

We don't pronounce

But to change the word,

Let's ask for their help.

The rider rides on a horse,

Con - we use it in the game.

Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy said that there is nothing sedimentary or crystalline in the Russian language; everything excites, breathes, lives. Such "liveness" of our native language, is the merit of the words included in it. But before you learn to use them, you need to learn the letters and sounds. They will be discussed in this article.

When learning a language with your child, you need to clearly make him understand the differences between oral and in writing. To do this, it is important to give him the concept of what a sound is and what a letter is.

Sounds are what we perceive with our hearing. Our brain easily separates what relates to speech from other sounds and interprets them into images. We can write down the sounds of speech in letters, forming words from them.

A letter is a graphic symbol of the alphabet, thanks to which we can display on paper what we hear by ear. But here lies a very big difficulty for the child. After all, the number of sounds and letters that reproduce them on paper is in different words may differ in one direction or the other.

How many letters and sounds are there in the Russian language and alphabet and their relationship

IMPORTANT: We hear and can produce sounds with our speech apparatus. We can see and write letters! Sounds exist in all languages. Even in those where there is no written language.

In a word like "chair" letters correspond to sounds. But, in the word "sun", the letter "L" not pronounced. Letters are also not pronounced "Kommersant" And "b". They only slightly change the pronunciation of the words in which they are used.

There is also such a “school” word as "Compass". In which instead of sound [AND] sound is pronounced [s].

There are still a lot of words in the Russian language that are pronounced differently from how they are written in letters. Therefore, it is very important for a child to learn to correctly understand this difference.

Alphabet

Language is the main invention of mankind. Moreover, for every nation that has created its own language, it is distinguished by the characteristics peculiar to this people. At a certain stage in the development of a community that a particular people uses, there appears a need to record speech sounds combined into words and sentences. This is how writing appeared, and at the same time the alphabet. That is, a set of all the letters used in writing, standing in strict order.

The alphabet of the Russian language contains 33 letters and looks like this:

The alphabet is the basis of any language that everyone who studies it needs to know. Is it possible to learn to speak without knowing the alphabet? Certainly. But, in addition to the ability to express your thoughts, you need to learn to write and read. And this is impossible to do without knowing the alphabet.

Today, children have a lot of different aids for learning the alphabet. You can buy special flash cards, magnets, and a small primer that your child can take with him on walks or trips.

In our computerized era, electronic gadgets can also be called upon to help in learning the alphabet. Type letters in text apps and name the sounds that teach them. You can use your imagination and use graphic editors, change fonts and add fills. Create your own alphabet that will be interesting to your child. Then learning will go faster and more efficiently.

INTERESTING: Teachers have come up with a very interesting and exciting way to learn the alphabet. Dedicate each new day in your family to one of the letters of the alphabet. Of course, we shouldn’t forget about the rest. Bake buns in the shape of letters, make letters from plasticine with your child, draw them, assemble them from counting sticks. Be sure to tell about the letter the day is dedicated to and give examples of its use.

Vowel sounds and letters

Introducing your child to the alphabet is a very exciting activity. But this is only one of the first steps in mastering the language. To continue studying its elementary units, you need to learn how to divide them according to their characteristics.

Those letters that are pronounced drawlingly are called vowels.

There are 10 vowels in Russian “A”, “E”, “Y”, “I”, “O”, “U”, “Y”, “E”, “Yu”, “I”
6 vowel sounds [a], [o], [y], [e], [i], [s]. Usually vowel sounds in school curriculum should be highlighted in red.

We have already clarified the difference between elementary particles language.

Letters I, Yo, Yu, E - iotized. They involve one or two sounds.

From this table, this difference can be seen again:

INTERESTING: By the way, about the letter “Y”. Today it is mistakenly believed that Karamzin introduced it into our alphabet. But that's not true. This was done by the director of the St. Petersburg Academy, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, on November 18, 1783 at a meeting on the occasion of the creation of the first explanatory dictionary in Russia. She suggested changing the letters “IO” to one “E”.

Stressed and unstressed vowel sounds

Stressed vowel sound pronounced with great strength and does not undergo changes.

For example: sn e g, st ý l, shk A f

Unstressed vowel sound pronounced with little force and undergoes changes.

For example: To ABOUT rzina (heard instead of ABOUT, sound A), m E dva d (In the first unstressed vowel sound instead E, can be heard AND), pl E cho (vowel sound AND is heard instead E).

IMPORTANT: Stress is not placed in words with one syllable and in words with a letter Yo.

Vowels Yotated letters Ya, Yu, E, Yo soften the consonant sound in front of them and create one sound: e → [e] or [i], е → [o], yu → [u], i → [a ].

For example:

At the beginning of the word: hedgehog [y’ozhik]
In the middle of a word: shelter [pri y’ut]
At the end of the word: gun [roug y'o]

Hard and soft vowels have a direct effect on consonants. For example, a consonant "P", maybe as solid (in the word "plastic bag"), and soft (in the word "cookie").

Consonants and letters

Consonant letters are called such because they contain consonant sounds. There are 36 consonant sounds in the Russian language:

An apostrophe marks soft sounds.
And 21 consonants:

Consonant letters and sounds, soft and hard: table

Consonants, like vowels, can be either hard or soft. For example, in the word "River", beech "R" soft, but in a word "Hand"– hard. In general, several factors influence the softness and hardness of sounds in a word. For example, the location of a sound in a word. The sounds are softened by iota vowels ( "E", "Yo", "YU" And "I") and diphthongs that come after consonants. For example:

"White"
"Love"
"Friday"

The letter also softens sounds "AND", and its antipode "Y", on the contrary, makes the sound hard. Important role presence plays soft sign at the end of a word:

"Linen" And "laziness"

A soft sign can soften the sound, even if it is inside a word:

"Skates"

Voiceless and voiced consonants in Russian: table

Consonants can be voiced or unvoiced. Voiced sounds are obtained with the participation of the voice in the formation of sound. Whereas in the formation of a dull sound, the voice practically does not play its creative role.

Voiced consonants are formed when an air stream passes through oral cavity and fluctuations vocal cords. Thanks to this, consonants such as:

To make it easy to remember voiceless consonants, remember the expression: STYOPKA DO YOU WANT CHEEK? - FI!

If you delete all the vowels from this expression, only voiceless consonants will remain.

Paired and unpaired hard and soft consonants: table

In terms of hardness and softness, most sounds form pairs:

Paired and unpaired voiced and voiceless consonants: table

In the Russian language, it is customary to distinguish pairs of voiceless-voiced consonants:

The remaining consonants are unpaired:

Sometimes there is “forced” deafness or sonority of a consonant sound. This occurs due to the position of the sound in the word. A frequent example such a forced state is the words: pond [rod] And booth [booth].

Sonorous- voiced unpaired consonant sounds. There are only 9 of them: [th’], [l], [l’], [m], [m’], [n], [n’], [r], [r’]

Noisy consonant sounds - there are voiced and voiceless:

Noisy voiceless consonants(16): [k], [k'], [p], [p'], [s], [s'], [t], [t'], [f], [f'], [ x], [x'], [ts], [h'], [w], [w'];
Noisy voiced consonants(11): [b], [b'], [c], [c'], [g], [g'], [d], [d'], [g], [z], [z '].

Summary table of common soft and hard letters and sounds in Russian:

Sibilant consonants

Consonants "AND", "SH", "H" And "SCH" called sizzling. These letters add some zest to our language. At the same time, they make it very difficult. Even while learning these letters, the child should know the rules:

"ZHI" — "SHI" write from "AND"
"CHA" — "SHA" with a letter "A"
"CHU" — "SHU" with a letter "U"

Letters "AND" And "H" are voiced, and the remaining two ( "SH" And "SCH") deaf. Important feature These sounds are something that cannot be pronounced without opening the mouth. Compare their pronunciation with the pronunciation "M" or "N". To pronounce sibilant consonants, there must be a gap between the lips through which air will escape, creating an acoustic accompaniment for these sounds.

The letter “and short” denotes the consonant sound th

Letter "Y" or "And short" found in almost all Slavic alphabets, as well as in those non-Slavic alphabets that use the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Russian alphabet this letter occupies 11th place. It was formed from the vowel "AND" and a voiced consonant "J".

It is interesting that in the 18th century, when the civil script was introduced (as opposed to the church script), all superscript characters disappeared from it. And the letter "Y" an important part of her was missing. At the same time, the sound denoted by this letter “did not suffer” from such reforms. Return "Y" writing succeeded under Peter I. However, it was not returned to the alphabet. This was done only in the 20th century.

Today, more and more philologists attribute sound "Y" to sonorant consonants. That is, those sounds that are located between vowels and consonants, but still relate to a consonant. In addition, it is always considered soft.

Which letters have multiple sounds?

Letters and sounds tape for elementary school

Various manuals help very well in learning the Russian language. One of these benefits is "Summer of Letters". It helps to understand the difference between letters, quickly develop reading skills in children and facilitate phonetic analysis of words.

At least at first glance "Ribbon of Letters" carries a minimum of information, this is far from true. This manual can be used not only at school, but also at home. Parents can independently teach their child literacy using this tool.

IN primary school the basis of human spelling literacy is formed.

Everyone knows that the difficulty of the Russian language is largely due to the discrepancy between spelling and pronunciation. This is often associated with paired consonants.

What is a paired consonant?

All consonants are in one or another opposition to each other in their characteristic features. One of them is the contrast between sounds based on deafness and voicedness.

Some consonants, while all other features coincide, such as the place of formation and the method of pronunciation, differ only in the participation of the voice in the sound process. They are called pairs. The remaining consonants do not have a voiceless-voiced pair: l, m, x, ts, ch, shch, y.

Paired consonants		examples of words with paired consonants
		examples of words with paired consonants
		tables[b]s - table[p]
		draw[v]a - draw[f]
		doro[g]a - doro[k]
		boro[d]a - boro[t]ka
		blah[zh]it - blah[sh]
		frosty[z]ny - frosty[s]

Paired consonants are given here. The table also contains examples that illustrate the spelling “Verified consonants in the root of a word.”

Spelling rule for paired consonants

During pronunciation, paired sounds can be interchangeable. But this process is not reflected in writing. That is, the letters do not change, no matter what sounds we hear in their place. This is how the principle of uniformity of morphemes is implemented in the Russian language. The spelling of paired consonants is completely subject to this law.

The rule can be stated in the following paragraphs:

the root of the word is always written the same way, since semantics depends on this;
spelling needs to be checked by selecting or changing word forms;
You must select as a test one the one that has either a vowel sound or a sonorant sound after the dubious consonant (р,л,м,н,й).

This can be seen in the examples from the table: consonant spellings appear either at the end of words or before other paired sounds. In test words they are located before vowels or before phonemes that are unpaired in voicing.

Application of the rule

The spelling of paired consonants needs to be practiced. You need to start by developing the ability to see the spelling pattern being studied. This will be the end of a word or a combination of consonants, in which sounds begin to influence the sound of each other - the subsequent one changes the quality of the pronunciation of the previous one.

When we know what a paired consonant is, it is not difficult to draw a conclusion about which option to choose:

bo[p] - beans - bean;
bro [t] - broda - ford;
bro[f"] - eyebrows - eyebrow;
nail[t"] - nails - nail;
vegetable garden [t] - vegetable gardens - vegetable garden;
dro [sh] - trembling - trembling;
stripe [s]ka - stripe - stripe;
ko[z"]ba - mow - mowing;
re[z"]ba - cut - carving;
goro[d"]ba - fence - gorodba;
kro[v"] - blood - blood;
str[sh] - guard - guard.

Paired consonants. Examples of differentiating words

Deafness and voicedness are able to distinguish words by meaning. For example:

(soup) thick - (above the river) bush;
(telegraph) pole - (Alexandria) pillar;
bark (oak) - (high) mountain;
(unbearable) heat - (surface) of the ball;
(bouquet) of roses - (boy) grew up;
(new) house - (thick) volume.

In weak positions, at the end of words, for example, as in the example of “roses” and “ros”, verification is required to avoid semantic confusion. Paired consonants in Russian require careful attention.

Test on the topic studied

grass[..]ka, fish[..]ka, zu[..]ki, arbu[..], lo[..]ka, kor[..]ka, ko[..]ti.

Fabulous - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - groove, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, jump - jumping

6. F or W?

Boots...ki, doro...ki, bum...ki, cro...ki, ro...ki, vice..ki, bara...ki, lo...ki, game...ki, cha...ki, lie down...ki.

g...ki (__________);
fl...ki (__________);
gr... (__________);
gla... (__________);
jump...ki (____________);
lo...ka (____________);
horse (______________);
zu.. (_______).

Sha(p/b)ka, provo(d/t), kru(g/k), povya(s/z)ka, myo(d/t), su(d/t), sla(d/t) cue, oshi(b/p)ka, doba(v/f)ka, uka(z/s)ka.

9. Insert letters in the text:

Swan is the king of all waterfowl. He is, like a dream..., white, graceful, he has shiny eyes, black varnishes and a long, flexible neck. How beautifully he floats on the smooth water of the pond!

10. Correct errors:

I love reading stories.
How fragrant the strawberries are!
Carrots are sown on the beds.
A flexible birch tree flutters its petals in the wind.
The tray floated on the lake.
Berek is gradually approaching.
Storosh is not sleeping.
A mongrel rattles loudly in the yard.
Yosh rustles in the bushes.

Answers

1. What is a paired consonant? A consonant that has a pair of deafness or voicedness.

2. Complete the sentence:

To check paired consonants, you need choose a test word.

3. Highlight the words that need checking:

immer..ka, underwater... smooth, smart... horse, careful..prepare, du..ki, l o...ki, other..ny.

4. Write the sounds in square brackets:

grass[V]ka, lo[D]ka, zu[B]ki, arbu[Z], lo[D]ka, koro[B]ka, ko[G]ti.

5. Underline the test word:

Fabulous - fairy tale, head - head, pie - pies, ditch - ditch, birch - birch, eyes - eyes, stripe - stripes, notebook - notebook, spikelet - spikelets, bounce- jumping