Laying asbestos-cement slabs on a soft roof. What is a roll fused roofing?

Modern built-up roofing has a service life of up to 25-30 years - current materials retain their properties precisely over this period of time. But this is subject to proper installation of each layer. Errors are unacceptable, since there is no way to correct them. You will have to dismantle a piece of the roof if the errors are local or the entire roof if they are global. Probably for this reason, many home owners prefer to make a built-up roof on their own - if you make it yourself, it usually lasts longer without leaks.

Materials for fused roofing have a multi-layer structure. A binder is applied to the base on both sides, and a protective coating is applied to it. All these layers have several options. Their combinations give different properties and characteristics.

Types of base

A significant part of the properties of the material is determined by the base on which the binder is applied. If it can stretch, then the material for the fused roof can also change its dimensions to a certain extent; if it cannot tolerate deformations, then the material will tear. There are the following bases for a built-up roof:

The most durable materials are made from polyester. Manufacturers say that these materials retain their properties for 25-30 years. Fused roofs can be used for so long without repair, however, with correct installation. The disadvantage of polyester-based overlay materials is the high price at the time of installation. But you can save on repairs and replacements.

Types of binder

The binder also determines the set of properties of the material for the fused roof, but it no longer affects the strength, but the waterproofing properties and weather resistance. This layer is also responsible for the degree of adhesion (adhesion) to the base or underlying layer. Eat following types binders:

The best characteristics are found in rubber-bitumen and bitumen-polymer compositions. They have a wide range of temperatures at which they can be operated. When selecting materials for a fused roof, be sure to pay attention to this parameter, because some tolerate high temperatures (up to +150°), and some tolerate low temperatures (up to -50°C). And there is no way to confuse them.

Purpose

Fused roofing is usually multi-layered, and the materials for different layers must have various characteristics. Those below should provide waterproofing, sound absorption, and, if possible, have thermal insulation properties. These materials are called lining materials and when marked, they are indicated by the letter “P” in the third position in the marking.

The materials to be deposited for the top layer of the roof must additionally have high surface resistance to mechanical damage and weather influences. These materials are called “roofing” and are designated in the abbreviation by the letter “K” in the third position.

Protective layers

Since the binder in the deposited materials is sticky, it needs to be covered with something. This is done using stone chips. various sizes or plastic film. Sometimes foil (Folgoizol) is used as a protective layer. Such materials are used in countries with hot climates. You need foil to lower the temperature - the lower layers heat up 15-20 ° C less than when using conventional materials.

Stone chips (sprinkling) can be:

Since the type protective coating has a significant impact on the characteristics and scope of materials (fine-grained and dusty on both sides are applied to lining materials), then their designation is also in the marking - this is the second letter.

This is briefly all the characteristics that you need to know when choosing a weldable material. Before purchasing, be sure to read the description, study the scope and technical characteristics.

Base requirements

Fused roll roofing is most often made on a reinforced concrete base; the joints between the slabs must be sealed with a mortar of grade M150 or higher. The following may also be grounds:

If the roof being built is flat, it is necessary to form a slope towards the drainage or drainage funnels of at least 1.7%. This is usually done using insulation. Manufacturers of rolled fused materials produce insulation boards with a given slope. They are simply laid, observing the direction.

Another way to create a slope is to set guides before pouring the screed and level the concrete along them

Roofing pie composition

When installing a pitched or flat fused roof, the cake is the same - with or without insulation, but it must have a vapor barrier layer. The material for vapor barrier is selected for the roofing used, just as the underlay carpet is selected for it.

It's all about the compatibility of qualities and characteristics, therefore it is advisable to use all the elements of the same manufacturer on the roof. Reputable campaigns even have special tables that can help you select the desired pie. One of the most famous manufacturers in Russia is TechnoNIKOL, their table is given below.

What's underneath the roofing material?

Vapor barrier protects the overlying layers of insulation from moisture saturation, which is especially important when using stone wool as insulation. She is afraid of getting wet. As humidity increases, its thermal insulation properties are greatly reduced, and if it freezes when wet, then when defrosted it will simply crumble into dust and your roof will become cold. Therefore, when laying vapor barrier Special attention pay attention to the tightness of joints and the correct cutting of passages.

Roofing pie of an insulated flat roof with a built-up roof

When insulating flat roof we must remember the need to create a slope towards the drain or receiving funnels (at least 1.5%). The same slope is maintained when pouring the screed. Her minimum thickness 5 cm - not lower than M150. The screed that has gained strength (at least 28 days from the moment of pouring) is coated with a bitumen primer, which ensures normal adhesion roofing pie with a screed.

It is possible to fuse materials on rigid stone wool slabs without laying a screed. Then the surface of the insulation is coated with a primer, and layers of fused roofing are mounted on top.

But it is not always necessary to insulate the roof. In this case there are fewer layers (see photo).

When installing pitched roofs or a prefabricated screed (from slabs and sheets), the roofing pie will be the same, only the vapor barrier layer is packed on the side of the room, the insulation is laid between the joists, and sheets of prefabricated screed are attached to the joists on top (sheet thickness is at least 8 mm, laid in two layers with seams apart).

Installation of a built-up roof

A built-up roof will last a long time if its layers are laid according to all the rules. There are quite a lot of works, they are located in the article in order of priority.

Preparing the base.

In places where roofs adjoin vertical surfaces, install fused roofing materials to a height of at least 10-15 cm (unless there are special recommendations). In places where the fused roof adjoins the walls of heated premises (chimney pipes and ventilation ducts as well), the approach to the vertical wall must be at least 25 cm. This is necessary so that condensation does not form in the roofing pie.

Laying vapor barrier

Bitumen built-up vapor barrier material You can lay it using the fusing method, or you can lay it freely, but be sure to fuse all the joints.

Thermal insulation layer

Thermal insulation is laid on the finished vapor barrier layer. The surface must be absolutely dry and clean. The rules are:

Screed device

A screed is poured over the insulation. When using rigid slabs from mineral wool(compressive rigidity not less than 0.06 MPa) a built-up roof can be made directly over the insulation, without a screed device. But for greater reliability, it is better not to skip this stage. The order of work is as follows:

The screed is left to gain strength. This takes on average 28 days. To maintain the required level of humidity, immediately after installation, the screed is closed plastic film, tarpaulin, burlap. During the first week, the surface is periodically moistened: when high temperature several times a day, at low levels - once.

The concrete that has gained strength is treated with a primer (and the parapet too), wait until it dries (the time depends on the brand and the weather). Fusing roofing material over a wet primer layer is prohibited.

Adjacent to vertical surfaces: installation of sides, overlaps

In places where the roof adjoins vertical surfaces, to ensure tightness, it is recommended to make a side with an angle of 45°. You can do it:

• with help cement-sand mortar(brand M 150, dimensions 100*100 mm)
• by installing special fillets, which are produced by the same companies that produce materials for fused roofing.

The fillets are installed on bitumen mastic, the edge of the mortar is coated with a primer after the cement has set.

The sides are covered with an additional layer of lining carpet of the Technoelast EPP type. A strip of such width is cut from the roll so that at least 100 mm of the material remains on the base of the roof and at least 25 mm is placed on the vertical surface. The lateral overlap of the strips is at least 80 mm. The material of the additional carpet laid out around the perimeter is fused across the entire width onto the sides.

Treatment of corners of welded roofing - external and internal

When laying the next layers (underlay and roofing), the underlay layer is also first fused, then the main carpet is laid and fused, bringing it 80 mm above the side. The width of the additional carpet strip depends on the layer.

and horse

If a pitched overlay roof is installed, an additional underlay layer is laid on the ridge where the roof is inflected. Its width is 250 mm on each side. On complex roofs in areas of valleys, the lining layer must be at least 500 mm on both sides of the bend.

When laying on a ridge, the joints of the sheets are positioned against the direction of the prevailing winds. The overlap of the panels is at least 80 mm, the joints must be fused. In the valley, if possible, the underlay carpet is laid in one piece. If the roll is not long enough, rolling begins from the bottom, moving upward. The joint must also be melted.

Fused roofing: rules for laying the material

First of all, you need to decide on the direction in which the rolls will be rolled out. On flat roofs oh they do it along the long side of the roof. On sloped roofs, the direction depends on the angle:

• less than 15° - rolls across the slope (along the slope);
• more than 15° - along the slope.

Note! Laying different layers in a perpendicular direction is unacceptable. All layers of overlay materials for the roof are laid in the same direction.

If there are several layers, the longitudinal seams of the layers are shifted by at least 300 mm. When laying, standard overlaps are also provided: side - 80-100 mm, end - 150 mm.

Laying order

Installation of the fused roofing materials begins from the lowest place. First, the roll is completely rolled out, providing access to vertical surfaces (parapets, pipes, etc.). You need to roll it out without waves. To prevent the material from shifting, when rolling one side is pressed with something heavy (you can have an assistant). The length is marked on the laid roll and the excess is cut off.

The rolls are first “tried on”

On flat roofs, the roll is rolled from the edges to the center. For convenience, you can use iron pipe. If the slope is more than 8%, this option does not work. In this case, deposition begins from the top, moving down. A piece 1.5-2 meters long is left unfused. It is processed after the entire piece is glued.

To ensure that there are fewer waves when rolling out the rolls, they are placed upright a couple of days before the start of installation. SO they accept round shape, the material then lies flat.

Fused technology

Regardless of how the material is rolled, it is fused by rolling it “on itself.” This way you can control the degree of heating of the bitumen layer: the whole picture is before your eyes. If you push the roll away from you, the quality roofing will be very low and the roof will leak quickly.

You need to roll out “on yourself”

The burner movements are smooth and uniform. When laying, the overlap areas are heated additionally. In this case, the burner moves along a trajectory in the shape of the letter “G”. The burner is positioned so that both the base of the roof and the binder on the surface of the roll are heated at the same time. When heated correctly, a small roll of molten bitumen forms in front of the roll.

When fusing, it is necessary to ensure that the bitumen melts evenly and that there are no “cold” zones or zones of local overheating. Some manufacturers (TechnoNIKOL) apply a pattern to the underside of the fused roofing materials. It is easier to control the degree of heating of the bitumen - as soon as the pattern “floats”, you can roll out the roll and move on. If the bitumen is heated correctly, it flows out along the edges of the roll, leaving a strip about 25 mm in size. That is, along the edge you get an even seam of a dark color.

Note! You cannot walk on a roof that has only been fused. The powder is trampled into hot bitumen, which deteriorates it appearance and protective properties.

When laying a built-up roof in low areas, the corners of the rolls at the joints are cut by 45°. This sets the correct direction for the movement of water.

Sometimes, when laying the finishing layer of a built-up roof, it becomes necessary to fuse the material on top of a coarse-grained or flaky coating. If you simply heat the material and stick it onto the sprinkles, there is a high probability of leakage. In this case, you need to preheat the surface of the material with the topping and press it into the bitumen using a spatula. After this, you can reheat and glue.

2017 marked the 25th anniversary of the founding of TechnoNIKOL Corporation. The company is the largest in Russia and in Eastern Europe manufacturer and supplier of materials for roofing, hydro- and sound insulation. Welded roofing - reliable way creating a durable, airtight and easy-to-maintain roofing covering that is widely used in civil and industrial construction.

Products by class

The company's factories produce and supply floating membranes for waterproofing. Examples of qualification of rolled roofing materials:

• sub-economy (five-year use) - roofing felt;
• economy (10 years) - glass insulation, waterproofing;
• standard (about 15) - bikrost, battleship, bipole;
• business (25 years) - uniflex;
• premium (25-35) - technoelast.

In addition to service life bitumen roofs are divided according to the protective layer: coarse or fine-grained coating is used for the external carpet, film - for the internal one.

Raw materials and basics

Waterproofing rolls materials are made from oxidized modified bitumen, and Premium and Business classes with the addition of SBS are made from granules based on glass fiber and polymer esters, which provides them with strength, non-flammability, and durability.

TechnoNIKOL roll fused roofing is made from rot-resistant raw materials to protect residential and industrial premises. The membrane is made from synthetic material as part of five-layer insulation.

Construction of a built-up roof:

• Base - glass canvas, fabric, polyester.
• 2 binding layers of polymer-bitumen mixture create the top and the built-up part.
• First, a coating with mineral chips.
• Below is a layer of HDPE film.

Installation of a built-up roof made from such products is called laying an insulating carpet. The soft roll system is suitable for flat surfaces in factory and administrative buildings. When constructing roofs, preference is given to one method of work:

1. mechanical;
2. welded

The first is used in the manufacture of pitched roofs. The canvases are secured with special mastic and zinc special fasteners. Method number two is done using a burner. This technology of fusing TechnoNIKOL products is used at an inclination of up to 30 degrees: rolling out rolls begins with lower level plot.

The material is pre-rolled onto the roof along the contour of the coating with reserve on the ledges. To prevent the canvas from shifting during fitting and melting, one of the edges is secured with a weight. Experienced craftsmen It is recommended that two or three days before the start, the products should be placed vertically to take on a rounded shape.

Deposition is carried out by the method towards itself. This ensures control of the melting of the adhesive side. Then the roofer sees the need for additional heating. You need to move smoothly and systematically. At the joints, the covering sheets are overlapped. These places are additionally glued. The burner is positioned in such a way that the layers of the new roof and surface are melted together.

An incorrect heating technology is indicated by the appearance of a bitumen bead. During filament production, it is necessary to control the uniform melting of the adhesive side. This will prevent cold and hot spots from developing.

Melting period of the signal pattern on the bottom protective film marks the time of transition to rolling out the canvas. When the bitumen on the welded side melts, it begins to spread from the edges of the piece. This produces butt seams about 25 millimeters wide.

The assembly of a built-up roll roof does not take place in one layer. The number of steps ranges from two to five. Laying the level on the previous one, perform following conditions: the seams of the upper plates cannot coincide with the joints of the lower one; laying with a perpendicular overlap is prohibited.

The tightness of the seams is checked after installation of the lower covering tape is completed. If it peels off using a spatula, heating happens again, and the edge is rolled. Walking on the freshly rolled final layer is prohibited due to the appearance of dents in the coating.

When rolling out rolls, the heated fragment must be compacted using an elastic roller, especially carefully from the edges. Movements occur in the shape of a Christmas tree - diagonally from center line to the cut of the canvas.

High-quality gluing of overlaps guarantees hermetic insulation. The overlap width of the side and end overlays is eight and fifteen centimeters, respectively. When docking, the direction of the roof slope is taken into account to avoid water leakage.

Temperature and shrinkage joints are overlapped with pieces of large slate with the powder side facing inward. Placed near drainage systems extra level waterproofing - seventy centimeter squares.

The connection to the fence is achieved by releasing from two hundred and fifty millimeters of the lower part of the carpet and is fastened mechanically. The top row extends five centimeters. A sealing strip is fused onto it. First, the vertical seam is insulated, followed by the horizontal one.

When installing new covers on an outdated or damaged surface, its condition is checked. Significant defects require complete replacement carpet The presence of minor wear will request partial repair at critical points.

The order of restoration measures:

1. Inspect the problem area and identify imperfections, frayed and thin areas, flaking pieces, undone stripes.
2. Fix the limits, make a cross cut at this place.
3. Remove dirt, debris, old material. Fill the defective space with bitumen primer.
4. Place a patch of new cover on top and roll it into place.

If there is no old coating or its 100% wear, the surface is prepared using the following types of work:

1. Clean the roof base.
2. If necessary, sand it and degrease it. These measures will allow you to get rid of concrete build-ups and bitumen stains after auxiliary work.
3. Remove rust from metal objects.
4. Seal joints between floor joints.
5. Trim the junctions of the parapet areas.
6. Prime the roof surface with special mastic to form a hermetically sealed bond between concrete and bitumen.

The technology of work when constructing fused roofs requires dry surfaces before gluing. This will help special tool for measuring humidity. If exceeded permissible norm The roof surface is dried with an installation hairdryer, a heat gun, or compressed air.

Work tool

Construction of built-up roll roofing when using similar materials involves the use of a set of accessories from gas burner, cylinder and reducer.

Sample contents of the toolkit:

1. Poker.
2. Construction knife.
3. Rolling roller.
4. Putty knife.
5. Set of brushes for primer and foundation.

Specialists at roofing works Personal protective clothing is required. This includes overalls, fireproof shoes, safety glasses, a helmet, and gloves.

Weather conditions for work

It is optimal to fuse rolled roofing in an outdoor temperature range of no higher than twenty-five degrees Celsius and no colder than five degrees below zero. When laid in cold weather, the roof will freeze, and the glue will come out hard and not airtight. The roof will leak.

Elevated temperatures lead to overheating and softening of the bitumen mass. The result is bald spots and burns. It is difficult to dismantle old insulation.

Before work, rolls are kept in a darkened room or under a canopy, avoiding sun rays. The optimal period for work on the roof is at the beginning of the spring season and the end of the summer. The average temperature during these periods fluctuates around ten degrees Celsius, which will ensure high-quality renewal of roofing coverings.

Welded materials are used in the form of a base or substrate for other roofing systems and in shape independent type coverings. Similar uses was the result undeniable advantages in work:

• Easy to use. Cutting and laying rolls is easy.
• Waterproofing parameters meet all requirements.
• The products are environmentally friendly. The low weight makes work easier and reduces pressure on the floors.
• High sound-absorbing characteristics.
• Immunity to chemicals. Not susceptible to mold.
• Long-term use.
• Acceptable strength, maintainability.
• Low price.

There are also negative aspects, although they are not directly related to products of this type. This requires the acquisition of specialized equipment and knowledge correct methods work. Such problems can be solved by inviting experienced roofers.

Continuous control over technology, taking place in factory laboratories, allows us to produce products that are widely used both in our country and abroad.

The roof structure is an important element of the building. Installation of roofs using fused materials must be carried out with professionalism. The protection of buildings from influence depends on the level of qualification natural phenomena and increasing the lifespan of the waterproofing systems used.

Practically the only one roofing material, which can be used to cover a flat roof, is a built-up roofing. It is a roll material made of polymer bitumen components based on canvas. Fused roofing is an excellent waterproofing material that is used to cover residential buildings, industrial buildings, warehouses, hangars, shopping centers. Like any roofing material, fused rolled roofing has its own characteristics that affect the technology of installation and operation. Installation of a built-up roof must be carried out in compliance with all instructions and recommendations; the strength of the coating, its moisture resistance and durability depend on this. In addition to flat roofing, fused materials can be used on roofs with a slight slope. The type and structure of the required material depends specifically on the angle of inclination of the slope. In this article we will talk about the types of modern surfacing materials, the features of their marking and selection, as well as the intricacies of installing the material from start to finish.

More recently, hot applied bitumen mastic and roofing felt were used to waterproof flat roofs. To melt the mastic briquettes, there was a boiler on the roof, under which a fire was constantly burning to maintain the temperature. Roofing felt laid on mastic does not last long, only 10 years, after which the roof had to be completely covered. The cardboard base of the roofing felt, impregnated with bitumen during the installation process, over time took on water and rotted on hot days and cracked and collapsed on cold days. Ruberoid is a very cheap material and is still used in some types of work, but they are no longer covering roofs with it. Instead of roofing felt, the market offered modern materials.

More complex structure solid foundation, increased plasticity, frost resistance and resistance to rotting make modern built-up roofing materials durable (up to 30 years) and versatile. Also weldable roll roofing has another equally important advantage - on back side The canvas already has a layer of mastic necessary for gluing the rolled material to the base.

The materials of the fused roofing are not the same; they differ in the base material, polymer binders, type and fraction of the topping. All this affects the place and conditions of their use. To know which material to use in which conditions, let's look at the characteristics of each of them.

When choosing a material for a built-up roof, pay attention to the marking, it contains hidden characteristics:

Base type of deposited materials

The base in modern fused materials is not subject to rotting or mold, which distinguishes it from cardboard. But at the same time, each material has different strength indicators, which affects the price of the material and the region where it can be used.

Fiberglass(X) - least durable material basics. The quality of the roll material depends entirely on the impregnation with bituminous substance. Fiberglass is not very elastic, so rolls must be handled very carefully and carefully during transportation. If the material is deformed, then there is a high probability that it will crack during the installation process. Fused materials based on fiberglass are not recommended for covering residential buildings, as they are short-lived.

Fiberglass(T) - stronger than fiberglass and is made of interwoven glass fibers.

Polyester(E) is the most durable, reliable and expensive material for the base. The polymer fibers are arranged in a chaotic manner, and this ensures high strength material, increases wear resistance, so welded polyester-based materials can withstand high mechanical loads.

Type of binder of deposited materials

Equally important is the type of binder with which the material of the surfaced roof is impregnated. It is a bitumen mixture.

Oxidized bitumen costs the least, but does not have the best performance characteristics. Fused roofing materials, which are impregnated with oxidized bitumen, can be used to construct the lower layer of the roof. If you use it as a top layer, then the material must be protected from ultraviolet rays various sprinkles. Material impregnated with oxidized bitumen can be used for roofing in regions where there are no temperature changes.

Polymerized bitumens withstand negative temperatures from -15 °C to -25 °C. The exact range depends on the polymer used. Isotactic polypropylene(PPI) and atactic polypropylene(APP) increase the density of the material and tensile strength, and the melting point also increases. The additive APP is most often used, since it is cheaper and is only slightly inferior in quality. Materials with the addition of APP are called plastobitumens or artificial plastics.

Styrobutadiene styrene(SBS) improves the quality of the fused roofing material so much that it is recommended for use in regions with harsh climates, as well as for covering roofs with complex terrain. Materials impregnated with styrene butadiene styrene gently follow the surface topography and fit better. These materials are used more and more often in roofing work and are more simply called rubber bitumen or artificial rubber.

To strengthen the top layer of roofing material, special coatings are used. They allow you to withstand mechanical damage, precipitation, scorching sun and resist the influence of ultraviolet rays.

Sprinkles vary not only in type of material, but also in size:

• Powdered topping. Protects the web from sticking together in the roll. Materials with bottom and top dust coating are used in the bottom layer of the roofing cake;
• Fine-grained topping;
• Medium grain topping;
• Coarse powder;
• Scaly topping.

Mineral toppings are sometimes replaced with a foil layer or polymer film.

When choosing a material for a fused roof, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances:

• The pitch angle of the roof and the complexity of its relief;
• Temperature in summer and winter;
• Amount of precipitation per year;
• Deformation loads of the building (shrinkage, etc.);
• Roof serviceability.

The dimensions of roll materials for fused roofing can be different: length 7 - 20 m, width 400 - 1050 mm. The material must be laid in several layers, from two to five.

For self-installation a built-up roof will need at least three people: one heats the bottom layer of bitumen on the rolled material with a gas burner, the second rolls out the roll, and the third levels and rolls the material with a roller. It wouldn’t hurt to have a fourth person to bring in new rolls if the roof area is large. The burner used must run on propane-butane, which can be stocked in cylinders. It is extremely important to follow the technology, otherwise the roof will not last long and money on material will be wasted.

Let's consider a technology option for laying a fused roof on the roof of a residential panel house:

• The base is floor slabs.
• Vapor barrier film.
• Thermal insulation - stone wool in slab positions of high density, extruded polystyrene foam.
• Cement-sand screed in a layer of 2 cm to 10 cm.
• Coating with primer or bitumen mastic.
• Laying the fused roofing material in 2 - 3 layers or more, if necessary.

Don't neglect any point. The construction of a built-up roof involves the use of all elements of the roofing pie. For example, lack of vapor barrier will lead to wetness thermal insulation material from warm vapors coming from the living room. This will cause the material to lose it thermal insulation properties. But please note that this only applies to mineral wool; extruded polystyrene foam is not afraid of moisture. It is also impossible to lay rolled material directly on thermal insulation, as this significantly reduces its strength characteristics.

Preparing the base

If the base is reinforced concrete slabs, then before you begin laying the built-up roof, it is necessary to remove all debris from the roof and get rid of large irregularities, potholes, and height differences. All cracks and other defects should be repaired using repair mortar. Further work can begin only after the repair composition has completely dried.

Laying vapor barrier

The film vapor barrier must be laid with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm. The joints are taped with construction tape. In those places where the vapor barrier material is adjacent to the vertical elements of the roof, it must be placed on the vertical elements to such a height that it is above the future layer of thermal insulation material.

Laying thermal insulation

Can be used as a thermal insulation material for a flat roof. mineral wool in slab positions and extruded polystyrene foam. Each of these materials has its own advantages and disadvantages. For example, mineral wool does not burn and does not support combustion, but is capable of absorbing moisture and losing its properties. And extruded polystyrene foam is not afraid of moisture, but it melts under the influence of fire and can be completely destroyed by fire. Therefore, choose the material that you like best.

To properly insulate the roof, Thermal insulation material must be laid in two layers so that the seams between the slabs in different layers do not coincide. This way you can completely avoid cold bridges. Extruded polystyrene foam boards are sometimes attached to the base using special dowels, but they can also be glued. Mineral wool slabs can be laid without special fastening, but glued together using hot bitumen.

After laying the thermal insulation material, it is necessary to fill in the leveling screed layer from 2 to 10 - 15 cm. Temperature-shrinkage joints 5 mm wide must be made in the screed. The entire screed should be lined with heat-shrinkable seams into squares with a side of 6 m.

In places adjacent to vertical elements there must be sides 10 cm high. They can be made from concrete mortar, filling the angle between the vertical element and the horizontal surface. The edge angle should be 45 degrees.

Important! 4 - 6 hours after pouring the screed, its surface must be coated with a primer. It can be prepared from bitumen; for this, it is diluted with kerosene in half. You can also coat uneven areas and crevices with bitumen.

Prices for installing a built-up roof depend on whether screeding is required or not. For example, installing a soft roof with a reinforced screed costs 15 - 20 USD. per m2.

Before laying the material to be deposited, it is necessary to check the surface moisture - it must be dry. The screed and primer must be completely dry. You should also install the necessary water intake funnels for the drainage according to the project.

Installation of a built-up roof - instructions for laying the material

Now you can begin laying the built-up roof. The first layer can be made of material impregnated with oxidized bitumen. To ensure greater tightness of the coating and waterproofing of the base, the heat-shrinkable seams must be covered with waterproofing material 15 cm wide. If you want to order work from a construction organization, then know that the price for installing a fused roof will depend on the number of layers of rolled material. Laying the material in one layer will cost 6 - 9 USD. per m2.

For those who decide to carry out the installation themselves, we provide step by step instructions How to lay a fused roof:

• Laying of the fused roofing begins from the lowest point.
• First, the roll is unwound and the integrity of the material is checked. Then you need to fix one edge of the canvas. To do this, the material is moved to the very edge of the area where it will be attached, then the edge is heated with a gas burner and the material is pressed to the base.
• Now the canvas must be rolled up again to the place that is already glued to the base.
• To secure the canvas to the base, it is necessary to heat the bottom layer with a gas burner. To do this, the burner flame is positioned so that it heats the roof surface and the lower layer of material. As a result, a roll of molten bitumen should form in front of the roll of material. As the roll rolls out, it serves to adhere the web material to the base.

• If the work is carried out efficiently, then bitumen rolls 2 cm wide should protrude along the edges of the canvas. While one person evenly heats the canvas, the second should carefully unroll it using a special hook. It is not advisable to walk on a newly laid fused roofing - shoe marks may remain on the surface. The third person should roll the canvas with a roller, leveling it and finally removing air bubbles.

• Immediately after gluing one tape/roll, it is necessary to check the quality of gluing of the seams. To do this, you can walk along the canvas and if somewhere the edge comes off, pry it off with a spatula and glue it again, heating it with a gas burner.
• The movements of the roller should be directed from the axis/middle of the roll to the edges, at a certain angle. The edges of the roll are rolled with special care.
• The next canvas is glued with an overlap. The lateral longitudinal overlap should be 8 cm, and the end overlap should be 15 cm.

• The joints of the canvases must be made in such a way as to prevent moisture from getting under them. Those. in places where there is even the slightest slope, the overlap should be in the direction that ensures water drains from the surface and does not get inside.
• Laying of a rolled-up roofing on vertical elements - parapets is done in this way: first, a piece of canvas of the required length is cut, then its edge is nailed to the top of the parapet with nails or self-tapping screws, then the canvas is glued by heating the bitumen with a gas burner.

• For laying material in internal and external corners formed by vertical elements, it is necessary to cut two pieces of material and glue them with a large overlap at the corner.

• After laying the first layer in the places of the receiving funnels, it is necessary to lay the rolled material so that a square of 70x70 cm is formed around it.
• All subsequent layers are laid in the same direction as the first; cross-laying is prohibited. The rolls must be fastened staggered so that the joints do not coincide.

The most difficult thing in laying a built-up roof is ensuring that the material adheres to the vertical elements. Let's look at this in more detail.

Bypassing the vertical elements of a flat roof with welded material is called reinforcement. It must be done in two layers:

• A piece of canvas is cut so wide that it extends 25 cm onto the vertical element and is positioned horizontally with a width of at least 40 cm.
• The upper edge of the canvas is attached at a height of 25 cm with nails or self-tapping screws.
• Then the bottom layer of the canvas is heated and glued.
• The next layer should extend 35 cm onto the vertical element. A piece of canvas of the appropriate size is cut.
• Its upper edge is rolled into a roll 5 cm wide. The edge is applied immediately above the edge of the already secured first layer and secured with a special mounting rail.
• Then glue the entire remaining part of the canvas to the base, both vertical and horizontal.

Installation of a built-up roof - cost: for one layer 6 - 9 USD. per m2, for two layers 8 - 16 USD. per m2. Repairing a soft roof is not too different in cost from installing new material, so you shouldn’t skimp.

Features of installing a built-up roof on pitched roofs

Sometimes laying a soft fused roof is practiced on a pitched roof with a slope of up to 50 °. The technology for laying material on a pitched roof is somewhat different from laying it on a flat roof.

First of all, the built-up roofing is laid only on a continuous sheathing made of OSB boards or moisture-resistant plywood. The insulation is placed in the gap between the rafters from inside the attic or attic, so it does not come into contact with the roofing material. A vapor barrier film is also spread there.

The surface of OSB boards must be coated with a primer of bitumen mixed with diesel fuel or gasoline or kerosene. Then the rolled material is rolled out from top to bottom and glued, heating the bottom layer. Laying begins from top to bottom, since the length of one roll is enough to cover the entire roof slope. The material is being rolled hand tools, resembling a mop or roller. It is imperative to remove all air bubbles from under the material.

The material to be deposited is laid with an overlap of 10 - 15 cm in several layers. Please note that when laying on a pitched roof, the layers of material can be placed crosswise.

Installing fused blood with your own hands is quite a feasible task. It is worth noting that in particularly difficult places, you can waterproof the roof by pouring hot bitumen. This will provide greater tightness than laying cut pieces of material even in three layers. Also, instead of rolled materials, you can use modern material- liquid rubber, which is sprayed onto the surface of both the horizontal base and vertical elements. The rubber coating makes the entire base airtight, without a single seam. For spraying liquid rubber special equipment is used, so if you want to use this option, you will have to order the service from a construction organization.

Based on the basic Technoelast, the Russian corporation has developed 10 more roll materials, which have received their own trade names.

These include brands:

• "Technoelast Green". The material is developed for exploited “green roofs”.
• The fabric is resistant to plant roots.
• The strength of the canvas allows the material to be laid under a layer of earth 20-30 cm thick.
• The bottom layer consists of bitumen and styrene-butadiene-styrene. The Green P brand is distinguished by polymer protection on both sides of the panel.
• "Technoelast Titan". The brand is designed for pitched roofs.
• The distinctive features of the brand are basalt topping and a polyester base reinforced with atactic polypropylene.
• Varieties TOP, BASE, SOLO differ in weight (4.55-5.78 kilograms per square meter), tensile strength (400-1000 N), and outer coating material.
• "Technoelast Thermo". The multifunctional brand is universal and works in a wide range of external temperatures.
• The material is distinguished by the introduction of modified bitumen into the binder composition. For the binder mixture, bitumen is modified with isotactic, atactic polypropylene.
• The mixture is applied to fiberglass bases.
• The varieties “TKP”, “EKP”, “HKP”, “EPP” have no regional restrictions for use and are in demand during construction in the Far North and the Arctic.
• "Technoelast SOLO RP1". The brand is used for waterproofing coatings with enhanced fire-fighting properties.
• It features a reinforced base, reinforced with fire retardants and mineral fillers.
• Protection of the outer layer from fire is provided by shale and basalt toppings.
• It is made with the outer layer painted in four colors.
• "Technoelast Vent". The brand is designed for ventilated roofs.
• The inner ventilated layer is made of periodic strips of a polymer-bitumen binder mixture.
• The gaps between the strips are filled with fine sand and reinforced with film.
• The strength of the Venta roll material makes it possible to lay a single-layer roofing covering.
• "Technoelast Flame Stop". A special brand of “Technoelast” is resistant to open fire.
• Improved fire characteristics are ensured by the addition of fire retardants to all layers of material, a high content of non-combustible dolomite, and slate external topping.
• These raw materials add weight square meter roll covering up to 5.2 kilograms.
• "Technoelast Decor". The decorative mark is used for easily inspected, slightly sloping roofs.
• The basalt chips of the outer layer are painted in mixed shades of four colors (red, brown, blue, green).
• Cross-reinforced polyester provides increased core strength.
• "Technoelast Prime". The structure is similar to built-up materials, but is laid on bitumen mastic using a fire-free method.
• It uses minerals and a polymer modifier as fillers.
• The “EKM” and “EMM” varieties differ in the fractions of the external topping; they are used for external or internal waterproofing roofing pie.
• "Technoelast Fix". Refers to premium materials for laying on unprimed roofing bases and sheathing.
• Widely used in repairs of pitched roofs. How the bottom layer of waterproofing is strengthened by mechanical means(staples, nails, screws).
• The strength of the material is ensured by cross-reinforcement polymer base, bound by coarse sand of the upper layer.
• "Vapor barrier S". Keeping general structure technoelasts, the vapor barrier material is laid on a self-adhesive bitumen-containing layer.
• The adhesive layer is protected by a siliconized film, which can be easily removed during installation.
• The base of the material is reinforced with fiberglass mesh.
• The vapor barrier qualities of grades “SA 500” and “SF 1000” are ensured by aluminized film, aluminum foil outer layer.

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One of the most common options for covering flat roofs is the installation of a built-up roof. Using rolled materials allows you to create a roof covering with your own hands quite simply and quickly.

The roof of any building, regardless of its purpose, is created to fulfill certain protective functions, among which:

• protecting the building from precipitation;
• preservation of heat during the cold season;
• protection against overheating in summer.

Thus, any roof must meet very serious requirements for strength, tightness and thermal insulation. All of them are spelled out in the relevant standards and regulations regarding roofing structures. Today there is a huge selection available on the building materials market. Each material has its own strengths and weaknesses, service life and cost. Therefore, it is very important to familiarize yourself with all the characteristics of the roofing material you are purchasing before purchasing.

Roof selection

If we talk about the materials that are used to create soft roofs, they can be classified according to several indicators.

For example, such roofs differ according to the type of base:

• cardboard;
• fiberglass;
• asbestos;
• polymer.

By type of binder:

• polymer;
• bitumen;
• bitumen-polymer.

Very popular previously roll materials the first generation (roofing felt) are today used only as a lining and waterproofing layer. The undoubted advantages of roofing felt include its cost, but, unfortunately, in all other indicators it has unsatisfactory results, which has led to a decrease in its popularity among developers.

Today, to create a truly high-quality roofing covering, materials based on polyester or fiberglass are selected, and bitumen-polymer compositions are used as impregnation. There is no generally accepted GOST for such materials, so each manufacturer has its own specifications.

Most large manufacturers mark their products according to a three-letter designation.

The first letter in the marking indicates the type of base:

• E - polyester;
• T - fiberglass;
• X - fiberglass.

The second is the view outer covering:

• P - polymer protective film;
• M - fine-grained sand;
• K - mineral dressing.

The third letter describes the bottom covering:

• F - foil;
• C - suspension;
• M - fine-grained sand;
• P - protective polymer film.

Fused roofing technology

Before installing the built-up roof, the foundation should be prepared. The first layer of the roofing cake is a vapor barrier, which is laid directly on the floor slabs. For these purposes, welded or film materials are used. Attention! It is important to know . In places where the vapor barrier adjoins the vertical elements, the film is applied to the walls, raising it above the level of the future thermal insulation layer. On horizontal surfaces, the vapor barrier film is laid overlapping, and all seams are sealed.

Next comes a layer of thermal insulation, on top of which a layer will be built cement-sand screed. The insulation boards also need to be connected to each other using hot bitumen. The screed is made taking into account temperature-shrinkable seams, the width of which should be about 5 mm. The seams should divide the screed into equal squares with a side of 6 m. After 3-4 hours after laying the screed, it is covered with a primer prepared from a mixture of bitumen and kerosene (in proportions 1 to 1).

Last layer roof pie, on top of which the top covering will be laid - this is waterproofing. At the same time, during its installation it is necessary to provide for the organization of funnels for internal water drainage. Their installation is carried out according to project documentation. At the junctions of the “pie” with the walls and pipes, sides are made of asphalt concrete or cement-sand mortar with a height of 10 cm and an inclination angle of 45 degrees.

Before you begin laying waterproofing, you must check the moisture level of the screed. Work cannot continue if the cement is not dry enough. Shrink seams it is necessary to additionally cover with strips of waterproofing 15 cm wide. In this case, it is better to use rolled material with coarse-grained topping, the side of which is placed down.

At the location of the water intake funnels, additional “patches” are laid with square pieces of insulation with a side of 70 cm.

If a roof made of fused materials is being repaired, the base preparation should be carried out according to the following scheme:

• remove debris from the surface;
• remove dust from the surface of the old coating as much as possible;
• carefully inspect the coating to identify bubbles and swellings;
• discovered bubbles must be opened, and then the area must be heated to fuse it.

Necessary materials

To carry out the work you will need the following tools:

Fused roofing - installation technology

As a standard, roof covering with roll material occurs according to the following scheme:

The most difficult aspect of the work that a fused roofing requires is the technology of laying a hermetically sealed junction of the roofing pie to the vertical elements. At such points there is the greatest likelihood of cracks and roof leaks. That is why it is so important to carefully study the issue of organizing “difficult places”. As a rule, two additional layers of waterproofing are glued. The first layer must be placed on the surface wall at least 25 cm, the second layer is placed a little less - 5 cm.

Roofing roll material - we carry out installation "). It is especially easy to lay the material on top of the old base, that is, when repairing a built-up roof.

But at the same time, you must always remember the dangers of working with gas burners. This is why it is so important to follow safety regulations. Taking into account all aspects of the work, having previously studied the instructions for the work, an untrained person will be able to independently lay such a roof for a sufficiently long time. high level(read: " ").