White water-based paint technical specifications. Water-based paint for walls

Now water-based paints are gaining popularity. This is due to their practicality and low cost. In addition, it is easily applied to a cleaned surface, so even a beginner can use it. The material does not have such an unpleasant odor as others, so it can be used for carrying out interior work. Its use will not cause any discomfort. From this article you can find out what types of water-based paint there are, and what are the characteristics of each.

Advantages and technical characteristics of water-based paints

The water emulsion contains components such as latex, antiseptic, fillers and thickeners. The material consumption is not too large and amounts to 250 grams per 1 square meter. Sometimes it may be necessary to apply several layers. Their quantity depends on how susceptible the surface is to absorption.

Viscosity varies depending on the method in which the product is applied to the surface. If water-based paint is applied to the surface with a brush, then its viscosity is 40-45, but if a spray gun is used for work, then this indicator varies between 20 and 25.

The coating dries within 20 hours, but sometimes this figure may be less. Keep the jar of water-based emulsion away from sunlight in a cool place.

Water-based paint has become highly in demand due to the following qualities:

No unpleasant chemical smell when painting;
Quick and easy application;
Low price;
Long period of operation without cracking or peeling;
The ability to create any color using tint.

But all these qualities are available only in the material that meets the requirements of GOST.

Main types of water-based paints

Since they contain a variety of polymers, all water-based paints can be divided into several types:

Polyvinyl acetate;
Silicate;
Acrylic;
Silicone.

Consumers, in view of such a huge variety, have a fair question about choice. Next, all these types will be considered from the point of view of application and the presence of disadvantages.

Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint

Polyvinyl acetate paint water-based type Perfect for all interior work, be it painting walls or ceilings. The basis for it is PVA.

The main advantages of this type are:

Absence of components harmful to human health, complete explosion and fire safety.
Used for painting porous surfaces.
Relatively low cost.
Fast drying.
When adding special substances it gives a glossy or matte effect.
This type is the best water-based paint for wood.

Along with a lot of advantages, there are disadvantages that can be identified if used incorrectly:

Weak resistance, so the possibility of painting it is considered only in dry rooms.
Susceptibility to moisture, as a result, finishing with such paint is only possible inside the house.

Important! You cannot use PVA paint on metal surfaces.

Its consumption depends on the shade: light color will need 250 grams per 1 square meter. m, and dark 150 grams for the same area.

Produced this type finishing material in accordance with GOST, but it is also possible to voluntarily certify the material, but only in accordance with the existing GOST. In any case, the manufacturer must have a certificate for water-based paint of this type.

Silicate water-based paint

This type is a solution liquid glass with all kinds of additives. It is suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Silicate water emulsion is resistant to changes in temperature and humidity, and has a long service life without constant updating.

This type is mainly used for painting wet rooms inside the house, as well as the facades of buildings that are exposed to groundwater. The coating is breathable with high vapor and air permeability.

Acrylic water-based paint

This type of water-based emulsion occupies a leading position in the construction market, as its constituents acrylic resins have a number of advantages. But acrylic paint is noticeably more expensive than all other types.

Features of water-based acrylic paint:

Used for painting walls and ceilings and all related interior work.
Indispensable for painting facades of concrete and brick buildings.
Suitable for decorating plastered walls. But such work must be carried out a month after finishing the plaster work, so that the surface has time to harden.
Protects reinforced concrete against corrosion due to low gas permeability.
Not suitable for painting damp surfaces.

Now they also produce analogues of similar quality, but noticeably cheaper: styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylic silicone solutions. A small visual announcement of the material can be viewed at the link:

Washable paint based on latex or silicone

This type is perfect for any damp room or where constant wet cleaning using sponges and brushes. This coating is resistant to regular brushing, which is possible thanks to the use of latex in the production.

Latex water-based paint is the most expensive among water-based paints due to its water-repellent properties, but at the same time good vapor permeability. In addition, such compositions are capable of covering small cracks on the surface, which may eliminate preliminary leveling.

Silicone also has similar properties to latex, due to the presence of silicone in the composition. Such colors lead active struggle with fungus, which often appears in damp rooms, and prevent its reappearance.

Separately, we can highlight another type of water-based paints, which is gradually becoming less and less popular - these are mineral ones. They include cement or slaked lime. The main purpose of such compositions is painting concrete and brick surfaces. The main disadvantage of this type of water-based paint is its relatively short service life.

Criteria for choosing water-based paints

Since in the manufacture of water-based paints there is no need to use complex mechanisms and rare substances, then many manufacturers appear who, taking advantage of the ease of production, produce low-quality products. The main rule when choosing this product is a manufacturer who has been producing for a long time. Tex water-based paint is very popular; it has received a lot of positive reviews from repair specialists and simply those who deal with finishing repairs on one's own. Such products have a GOST certificate of conformity.

The jar must have a mark indicating that the material complies with GOST. This is an indicator that this finishing material is not a fake and its production was carried out under strict control.

The choice of material for a certain type of work is carried out according to the markings on the container. First, the can is abbreviated as water-dispersed (WD), after these letters there is a designation of the polymer that is in the composition, and the number after it just indicates the purpose of the product:

External works;
Interior work.

Among the diversity finishing materials The construction market can get confusing. But, if you have chosen water-based paint, then after reading this article, you can learn about its types and the scope of work for which this or that type is intended. Water-based paint is an excellent solution for both exterior and interior work. You just need to choose the right type, carefully studying the composition and the information indicated on the packaging.

In the process of finishing indoors and outdoors, a large number of materials are used. Paint and varnish materials occupy a special place. They cover surfaces with a thin decorative layer. Thanks to this, the appearance becomes more aesthetically pleasing and lasts for a long time.

Water-based paint is one of the types of paint and varnish material that has high level density. She belongs to the category of persistent decorative coatings different types surfaces.

This type of coloring matter is produced in huge quantities. For different types of surfaces, you can choose the best option.

Water-based paints can have different compositions. Basically like this coloring matter contains a large mixture of polymer compositions and water. Such paints may contain additional substances that allow manufacturers to produce paints and varnishes. similar type with certain physical properties.

Water-based paints may contain:

thickeners,
antiseptics,
plasticizers,
antifreeze,
defoamers.

Depending on the brand of paint, certain substances are added to it to make it suitable for use on various kinds coatings

The proportions of the components used depend on what this or that type of paint and varnish product will be used in the future. Initially, all water-based paints are white. For this purpose, special pigments are introduced into them. In some cases, in order to save money, manufacturers add regular chalk to obtain a rich white shade. All substances that make up the paint are usually diluted clean water.

This type of paint and varnish product has a large number of features and advantages.

The advantages of water-based paints are:

no unpleasant pungent odor,
quick drying after application to the surface,
the ability to acquire the color that is needed in certain conditions. You can add different pigments to the paint to create the optimal shade.
ease of application.

Attention: This type of paint and varnish material has one drawback, which is that it must be applied to the surface only at a temperature of five degrees Celsius.

Today there are the following types water-based paints:

acrylic paints. The main component in the composition is acrylic resins.
Silicone paints. They have a thicker consistency and contain more silicones.
Silicate paints. It is universal and suitable for all mineral surfaces.
Mineral paints. These paints contain lime or cement.

Table. Technical characteristics of water-based paint.

IN modern world Water-based paint is very often used. It differs in that it has a fairly low consumption per square meter. The consumption of water-based paint is from 100 to 200 grams per square meter. The amount of paint consumed is determined by the thickness of the applied layer.

Water-based paint is used for finishing work. Due to the fact that pigments can be added to paint, compositions of various colors can be obtained.

The paint is used for application to walls and ceilings indoors. In some cases, it is indispensable when carrying out finishing work in the area of building facades.

Before use, the paint must be prepared. To do this, you need to shake it well so that all the components are thoroughly mixed. If the instructions suggest diluting it with water, then this must be done. Only in this case will the paint lie in an even and neat layer.

To apply paint, you need to prepare the surface. It is best to cover it with a layer of primer so that the surface is even.

The cost of water-based paint today varies depending on the manufacturer. It can average 400 rubles per liter.

DIY water-based paint

Today, many people have certain secrets on how to make water emulsion with their own hands.

To do this, you only need the following tools:

glue,
chalk or lime,
water,
dye.

Depending on the proportion of the components, you can create a thick or liquid material for decoration.

Color is used as a dye. It has a rich pigment composition. By adding it to the mixture of the main components, it is possible to adjust the intensity of the resulting shade for painting various surfaces.

Video: DIY water-based paint.

In this article: history of water-based paint; composition of water-dispersed paint; production technology; types and characteristics of polymers used in the production of water-based paints; performance characteristics VD paints; how to choose water-based paint; recommendations for use.

At all times, a person wants his home to look neat and attractive. To achieve this, regular cosmetic and major repairs are carried out, during which a fresh coat of paint is necessarily applied to the ceiling and walls. And among everyone existing species Among paint and varnish materials for interior and exterior decoration of a house, water-based paint is the leader, which is easy to work with and does not leave an unpleasant odor in the premises, which is typical for working with other paint and varnish materials.

Water-based paint - history

As is the case with a number of modern building materials, the appearance of water-dispersion paints was unwittingly facilitated by two large-scale wars of the last century - destroyed cities needed to be restored, but there were not enough usual building materials, and they were expensive.

The history of water-based paints began with the discovery by German chemist Fritz Klatte in 1912 of polyvinyl acetate, better known to us as PVA glue. The PVA dispersion became basic basis the first water-dispersion paints that appeared in the 20s of the 20th century.

At the end of the 30s of the last century, synthetic rubber or butadiene-styrene was created in Germany, which became the second type of dispersion for water-based paints.

The latest existing dispersion is acrylic - and paints based on it were originally developed for artistic work. The first acrylic water-based paints were created in 1946-1949 and launched in the early 50s under the brand name “Magna paint” by American artists Sam Golden and Leonard Boku. True, paints of this brand were intended only for artists, they were packaged in small tubes and dissolved not with water, but with turpentine or white alcohol. Boku created and released completely water-soluble acrylic paint in 1960.

Styrene-butadiene and acrylic water-based paints entered the construction markets of post-Soviet countries in the 90s from abroad - in the USSR only polyvinyl acetate-based paints were produced and only for industrial needs.

According to its basic composition, it is formed by the smallest particles of polymers suspended in aquatic environment. In addition, water-dispersion paint, depending on the brand and manufacturer, may contain about 10-15 different additives, including: antifreeze antifreeze; defoamers that reduce foaming; antiseptics (biocides); corrosion inhibitors; thickeners; additives that increase structural viscosity; preservatives; dispersants; plasticizers, etc.

In terms of percentage by weight, the composition of water-based paint is as follows: 50% - film former dissolved in water (50-60% aqueous dispersion); 37% - fillers and pigments; 7% - plasticizer; 6% - other additives.

Let's take a closer look at the components. Depending on the purpose of the paint, the film former (copolymer) in its composition will be polyvinyl acetate, butadiene-styrene, styrene-acrylate, acrylate or versatate dispersions. The role of white pigment is performed by titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and in the case of water-based paints in the lower price range, chalk. Filler - chalk, calcite, barite, talc, mica, most often several different minerals are used as a filler at the same time. The solvent in water-dispersed paints is demineralized (purified from mineral salts) water. I would like to note one of the components of such paints - a thickener, the role of which is most often played by carboxymethylcellulose, also known as CMC glue.

Process of creation water-dispersion paint comprises next stages: combining and mixing an aqueous solution of a polymer dispersion with filler and pigment; dispersing the resulting pigment paste; introduction of a number of additives that bring the paint composition to the specifications standard; filtration and packaging of the finished product.

Dispersion is a process during which liquid or solids undergo fine grinding. Suspensions, powders, aerosols and emulsions are obtained by the dispersion method.

Mixing and dispersing the components of water-based paints is carried out in bead and ball mills (dispersants). Grinding occurs in a horizontal or vertical working chamber of the mill, inside of which there is a shaft with disks that accelerate metal beads (diameter up to 4 mm) or balls (diameter from 30 mm) made of steel, aluminum oxide and zirconium. The more intense the dispersion, the higher the hardness and specific gravity metal balls.

The pigment paste obtained as a result of dispersion is placed in a dissolver. In its torus-shaped container, a frame mixer is installed, the rotation of which prevents thick and sticky components from settling on the walls and bottom of the dissolver, and the composition of the water-based paint is brought to standard characteristics.

The timing of mixing the components of water-dispersed paint depends on the volume of the mixture, the initial characteristics of the components being added, the power of the dispersant and dissolver - as a rule, 20-30 minutes are enough for each operation.

At the final stage, the finished paint is passed through mesh filters and poured into containers. The entire cycle of paint production must take place at an air temperature of at least +5 °C.

Dependence of the characteristics of water-based paint on the binder polymer in their composition

Waterborne paints produced today contain one of five types of binders that give waterborne paint its positive traits, and disadvantages:

polyvinyl acetate, paint marking “VD-VA”. In terms of quality, paints with this polymer binder are of the lowest quality - they turn yellow over time, a dense, opaque film is formed on the surface, and the applied layer of paint is not waterproof. Weak characteristics do not justify the low price; such paints have only narrowly targeted applications;
butadiene-styrene, paint marking “VD-KCH”. Having good water resistance and low price, water-based paints based on this binder, like PVA, form an excessively dense surface film and are not resistant to sun rays. Paint of the “VD-KCh” brand can only be used for interior work;
styrene-acrylate, paint marking “VD-AK”. The quality characteristics of paints on this polymer are much better than those described above; they can be applied to both external and internal surfaces. The coating they form is porous and, accordingly, vapor-permeable, resistant to solar radiation and atmospheric conditions. The small size of polymer particles, not exceeding 0.15 microns, ensures high-quality adhesion to almost any surface, penetration into porous surfaces, which increases their strength;
acrylate, paint marking “VD-AK”. This polymer is more expensive than styrene acrylate, has higher quality characteristics in all respects - a more rigid coating provides high resistance to solar ultraviolet radiation. These paints are widely used in facade works and for application to wooden surfaces;
versatat, paint marking “VD-AK”. The polymer versatate has been used in water-based paints not so long ago; the quality of the coating on this binder is not inferior to acrylic paints, while their price is lower and approximately corresponds to the cost of paints on a styrene-acrylate binder.

Depending on the type and amount of polymer binder, these paints have the following positive qualities:

do not contain toxic components, practically odorless;
easy to apply to surfaces, diluted with water;
capable of bridging cracks up to 1 mm wide;
not flammable;
resistant to moisture (resistance to washing off);
elastic and durable, no chalking;
resistant to ultraviolet radiation and atmospheric conditions;
wear resistant;
just tint in any color shade;
random drops of paint can be easily removed with a damp cloth;
are vapor-permeable, which means that colonies of fungus and mold will not appear;
resistant to alkalis;
have high adhesion (tight fit) to the base;
retain color, shine and are resistant to yellowing;
dry quickly, usually in 40 minutes;
A layer of water-based paint on surfaces painted with them will last about 10-15 years.

Negative qualities of water-based paints compared to alkyd and oil-based paints:

storage and painting work can only be done at temperatures above +5 o C. Painting at temperatures above low temperatures will lead to uneven distribution of paint, it will take a long time to dry. If during storage the paint went through a cycle of freezing and thawing, its quality characteristics will be completely lost;
for painting external surfaces and surfaces of wet rooms, you can use only expensive water-dispersed paints based on acrylate and verstate binders;
high cost, exceeding the price of organically diluted paints by 10-15% - manufacturers explain this complex composition paints. On the other hand, it is much easier to clean the room after painting VD AK, because... there is no need to scrub stains with a rag containing an unpleasant-smelling solvent;
before painting with water-based paints wooden surfaces they require careful preparation - applying the first layer, letting it dry completely, then thoroughly sanding and a new coat of paint, sanding again. The fact is that the surface tension of the water-dispersed paint layer is much higher than that of other paintwork materials - the wood pile will be raised.

Application area. Water-dispersed paints are specialized according to the requirements for painted surfaces - for interior and external works, for dry and wet rooms. Accordingly, it is possible to apply paint for interior work on external surfaces or paint for dry rooms on wet surfaces, but it will peel off after a few months, because... it contains less film-forming agent and protective additives.

Appearance. Water-based paints are produced that provide matte, glossy and silky-matte finishes. Paints that form a matte and silky-matte surface are excellent for ceilings and for painting wallpaper, but, unlike glossy surfaces, they are less resistant to abrasion and cannot be washed frequently.

Color. Water-dispersed paints most often have White color- to get what you want color range they need to be tinted. Jars with colors and tables of color created by a given color are present in every hardware store.

Quality indicators by appearance:

chroma. Open a can of paint, visually assess the degree of its whiteness - if the manufacturer used high-quality and expensive titanium dioxide, then the color will be exclusively white, without any shades;
hiding power. The paint consumption and the number of layers that need to be applied to the surfaces to bring them into proper shape depend on it. This indicator depends on the percentage and quality of the pigment, density and thickness of the paint. There are two ways to reduce the cost of producing water-based paint, which are popular among small manufacturers - 1) add water, lowering the density of the emulsion, 2) add more inexpensive filler, increasing the density. You can evaluate hiding power without test painting by weighing a 10-liter jar of water-dispersed paint - on average its density should be 1.5 kg/l, i.e. quality paint in a 10-liter container it will weigh about 15 kg (“+” or “-” 1 kg).

Marking on a paint can. Water-based paint is marked with the letters “VD”, which means “water-dispersed”, followed by the letter designation of the polymer, for example, “KCH” or butadiene-styrene. Then the numbers follow - the first one means the area of application of this paint, if it is “1”, then “for external work”, if “2”, then “for internal work”. The numbers following the first indicate the catalog number - we do not need them. Make sure there is an inscription indicating compliance with the conditions of GOST 28196-89; if technical specifications are provided instead, the quality of the paint may be low.

Manufacturer. On the local market you will find a significant range of water-based paints from both domestic and foreign manufacturers. You can judge the quality of a particular brand by the reviews of your friends who have already used it for repairs and by the age of the given manufacturing company - if it is younger than 3 years, it is better not to mess with its products. The fact is that the production of water-dispersed paints does not require any particularly large-scale production - according to by and large All that is required is a dispersant and a dissolver. Therefore, any more or less intelligent “small entrepreneur” can produce them, most often making paint “by eye” and having neither a laboratory nor a technologist on his staff. The larger the manufacturing company, the wider the range of its products, the better the quality of the products themselves.

Price. There is no way it can be lower than $1 (US) per liter - if you are offered paint at a lower price, then it is of poor quality. The cost of water-based paint is determined not by the territorial location of manufacturing plants and not by the costs of labor, and the current price of the components that are included in its composition. Almost all of the world's manufacturers of high-quality pigments and polymers are located in Europe, so the cost of good water-based paint will be almost the same both in Europe and in Russia - for the import of raw materials from abroad for the production of water-based paint Russian manufacturers pay fairly high customs duties. And here real reasons low cost - cheap raw materials and violation of production technology.

Before starting work on painting with water-based paint, surfaces must be prepared: previously painted surfaces must be cleaned of dirt and dust, sequentially washed with water washing powder and clean water; painted with chalk and lime, remove layers old paint; smooth out unevenness using putty, after drying, sand and clean the surfaces from dust.

If painting work is carried out during the cold season, then the can of paint must be kept indoors for at least 24 hours, then opened, removed all visible inclusions and films, mixed thoroughly and added, when spray painting, 10% water. The paint consumption is indicated by the manufacturer on the container; on average it will be 150-250 g/m2 with a two-layer application. Having calculated the approximate consumption, tint the paint - you need to tint 10% more volume than what you calculated based on the average paint consumption. Reasons: the consumption will be higher in any case, and it will not be possible to “get into color” when trying to tint a new portion of paint - the color tone will be at least slightly different.

Preliminary application of a layer of primer to the surface to be painted will help reduce the consumption of water-based paint - it is much cheaper than paint.

Rustam Abdyuzhanov, rmnt.ru

Water-based paint is probably one of the “youngest” paint and varnish products, but in the most short time has gained popularity among consumers. This is due to a number of positive properties, actively used by professionals and home craftsmen who carry out finishing of premises after renovation. This is an excellent material for interior work, in particular for painting walls. When purchasing such a product, you should definitely pay attention to the properties and consumer qualities of the product.

Water-based paint is probably one of the “youngest” paint and varnish products

Characteristics of water-based wall paints

The main technical characteristics of water-based paint are:

composition, which, in addition to the main component, contains various fillers, thickeners, antiseptics;
material consumption per sq. surface meter;
viscosity, which determines the ratio of paint and water in the mixture;
specific gravity of 1.35 kg/l;
storage conditions;
best before date.

This amazing substance, where the main solvent is water, has several types that are successfully used for painting ceilings and walls indoors. In the large family of water-based emulsions, the properties of which are directly related to the characteristics of the polymer included in their composition, the most frequently used are the following.

An amazing substance where the main solvent is water

Types of water-based paint	Main components	Features, properties
Acrylic	Acrylic resin with latex additive	Increased moisture resistance Used to coat wood, metal, glass surfaces, brick and concrete
Silicone	Silicone resin	The best - for interior work Has antiseptic properties: prevents the formation of mold and fungi
Mineral	Cement and slaked lime	Accepts the addition of color well Excellent adhesion to concrete and brick walls Short-lived
Silicate	Liquid glass and color pigments	High air and vapor permeability Durable
Polyvinyl acetate		Easy to clean from dirt and grease Resistant to non-aggressive chemicals, burnout

In addition, the product has several brightness levels:

matte;
glossy;
semi-matte;
semi-gloss.

Water-based paint is quite in demand for several other indicators. It is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health, that is, it is an environmentally friendly product. It dries on the surface in two to three hours to a day (maximum) and does not have a specific unpleasant odor.

The paint is non-toxic and does not contain components harmful to health

With such a wide range of advantages of the material for painting walls with water-based paint, it is impossible to remain silent about the few disadvantages that have been identified when using it:

Painting work can be carried out at a temperature not lower than +5°C;
relatively short service life.

Decorative properties of colorful coatings

This paint and varnish product is presented on the market both in a basic white version and in various options colors. You can also get the desired color or shade by adding the desired color to the base paint. This provides ample opportunities for a variety of design solutions.

It is especially interesting to use water-based emulsion when decorating:

children's and playrooms;
premises of children's preschool and general education institutions;
children's hospitals and clinics.

Painting walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects and create various designs directly on the walls, making the room bright, cheerful, and interesting for children and adults. Funny images lift your spirits, relieve feelings of fear and tension, and distract from unpleasant thoughts.

Its use here is justified by the fact that the coating is environmentally friendly and does not emit toxic substances into the air, and is easy to maintain.

Painting walls with water-based paint allows you to give a special flavor to these objects

Which water-based emulsion to choose for walls

The selection of paint depends on the place of its application. It is used for painting walls and ceilings, and it must be selected taking into account the technical characteristics and parameters that are characteristic of a certain type of product.

When purchasing it, you need to consider which room will be painted.

If the room is small and dark, it is better to use light warm colors that will visually enlarge the space:

yellow,
cream;
apricot;
pale pink;
coffee;
light green and others.

IN large rooms with very high ceilings it is necessary to create an atmosphere of comfort or at least a more pleasant environment that visually reduces this huge non-residential space. In this case, more muted tones in shades would be most appropriate:

blue;
green;
purple.

Blue color will create an atmosphere of comfort in the room

red is a strong irritant;
brown and bright purple contribute to depression.

It is worth noting that a seemingly pleasant bright blue color will also be distracting and irritating to the nervous system.

In children's and game rooms To paint walls with water-based paint, you need to choose pastel colors for the main background. On this surface you can then create fairy-tale and cartoon paintings and images of their heroes. It is worth considering that they should not be made with glossy paints, which give glare in bright sun or artificial light, and can cause Negative influence on the state of vision of children.

In children's rooms it is better to use bed colors

How much will you have to spend on the material?

To understand what the actual paint costs will be, you will have to make some calculations, taking into account:

area of the room to be painted;
layout;
features of the staining procedure;
quality and proportions of the solution;
volumes of containers in which paint is sold;
the need to purchase tools and additional materials.

It is also important to decide how many layers of paint are supposed to be applied to the surface of the walls, whether a primer will be used, and how it will be applied.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of money spent will also depend on the quality of the work performed: if the primer or paint is applied unevenly, additional layers will have to be applied, which will increase the consumption of materials and lead to additional financial costs.

But even if the calculations are carried out correctly, it is worth having a small supply of materials in case it is necessary to correct detected defects.

It is worth considering that the results of the work and the amount of money spent will also depend on the quality of the work performed.

Preparing walls for painting

To get a high-quality wall painting result that will last for several years, you need to prepare the wall accordingly. For this:

remove traces of old coating;
if necessary, plaster, level the surface, putty cracks, scratches, eliminate chips, wash the walls;
treat with primer.

In order for the coating to be of high quality and sufficiently durable, the surface must be completely dry before applying paint.

To prevent the paint from cracking and to last a long time, you should carefully prepare the wall

Ways to remove old paint

Preparation for painting is directly related to freeing the surface from the old paint coating. It can be removed in different ways, depending on the thickness of the coating and the strength of its connection to the wall.

The easiest way to remove PVA-based polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsion. Considering that water-based paint has water as its main component, removing the old coating is possible using a sponge and soap solution.
More resistant to water and solutions detergents Acrylic paint can be removed using tools: it is cleaned off with a spatula or a grinder.
The masters also speak positively about quite the original way removing old paint using newspapers. They are placed on the area to be cleaned using glue, which is prepared from starch with the consistency of thick sour cream, or you can use ready-made glue. After complete drying, the newspapers will be removed with a spatula along with the old paint.
The used coating can be removed using a chisel. True, this process is quite long and tedious, after which you may have to plaster and prime the entire surface of the wall.
Another way to remove old paint is to anneal it using construction hair dryer, after which you can clear area by area with a spatula. It is most suitable for removing acrylic water-based emulsion.
You can clean the wall surface for painting using a ready-made chemical remover. It helps to destroy the structure of the old paintwork.

There are several ways to clean and prepare a wall for painting.

How to mix color with paint?

If you decide to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here. To obtain desired color and evenly distribute the pigment throughout the entire volume of the mixture, you need to perform several steps:

carefully read the instructions for using paint and the procedure for forming the required color;
First, dilute the mixture in small volumes, mix well until a homogeneous mass is obtained, paint a small area of cardboard, and let dry thoroughly.

This simple manipulation will help you understand whether the desired shade is chosen correctly.

Attention! Please note that after drying the color will be slightly darker.

If you decide to give the paint a certain color, it is not difficult to do this, but haste and inattention are inappropriate here

Technology of painting walls with water-based paint

The rules for applying a water-based coating to a prepared surface are not complicated; It is important to follow them and complete the procedure without haste. The procedure for painting walls with water-based paint is as follows:

a primer is applied to the prepared, leveled wall surface in one or two layers;
allow the coating to dry completely;
apply the first layer of ready-made or diluted with the desired shade of water-based paint;
Allow to dry and determine whether a second or subsequent coats are necessary.

The final result can only be seen after the paint has completely dried.

The final color of the wall will be clear after the paint has completely dried. It is worth remembering that each subsequent layer enhances the color saturation and its depth.

Advice. To get a high-quality result of painting the wall and the required color, you need to create natural conditions to dry the coating. Do not turn on the fan or create drafts in order to achieve speedy drying. This is not necessary, given that even without “external violence” this paint dries quite quickly. In addition, “artificial wind” can bring particles of dust or dirt onto a freshly painted surface, and the work will be ruined.

To get a high-quality result of painting the wall and the required color, it is necessary to create natural conditions for the coating to dry.

Painting tool

To cover walls with water-based paint, traditional tools are used, which are well known not only to professional painters, but also to home craftsmen. To carry out the work you will need:

paint brushes of different sizes;
sponges;
paint rollers.

It would be great if someone can acquire a spray gun or a professional spray gun at the time of painting: they will not only speed up and make the work easier, but will also allow you to get a smooth surface with the same degree of painting. However, it is worth noting that such a result is only possible if you have experience working with this equipment, which is not at all difficult to master. To do this, you need to be patient and be extremely careful, just like when performing any other work.

The spray gun is also convenient if you need to paint large areas of walls - it allows you to cope with the work with less significant effort.

The spray gun is also convenient if you need to paint large areas of walls

Brushes will be needed to apply paint in corners and in places where it is impossible to “walk” with a roller, and where the jet of a spray gun cannot reach. In addition, experts recommend painting the perimeter of the wall first, and this should be done with a brush. If desired or if there are no other tools for painting, you can complete the work with a wide brush, the size of which is from ten to twelve and a half millimeters.

It should be immersed in paint no more than a third, otherwise the loss of paint material will be increased: the paint will flow down the surface of the brush and drip onto the floor. You need to paint in short strokes, starting to apply paint from the top of the wall, gradually moving down.

Video: Painting walls with water-based paint

Video: What is water-based paint

Among the diversity repair material Water-based paints are becoming increasingly popular. Fire safety, variety of shades and ease of application make water-based emulsion increasingly popular. This type of paint does not have strong unpleasant odors, dries quickly after application and creates an even finish layer.

Types of water-based (water-dispersion) paint

Water-based coating is a water suspension of pigments, polymers and fillers. After its application, the water evaporates, and thanks to the polymers included in the composition, a thin coating is created. The properties and price of paint depend on the type of its main component.

When performing repair work, paint is almost always used. Be it painting walls or floors, ceilings or facades, or maybe decorating individual elements.

All types of water-based paint have a common base - an aqueous suspension. Depending on what polymer is included in the composition, the water emulsion can be:

Silicone
Acrylic
Silicate
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

Polyvinyl acetate (PVA)

PVA paint is a universal paint for interior work, which is produced on the basis of PVA glue. It is suitable for painting ceilings, floors, walls. This type of paint is one of the most budget options on store shelves.

Advantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsion:

paints well porous surfaces such as wood, plaster walls and concrete ceilings, cardboard products, etc., such paint will do for painting furniture;
safe to use because it does not contain flammable or explosive components and does not require special conditions storage;
you can add gloss or create a matte surface using additives, allowing you to create interesting interior solutions;
its low cost makes it in demand in the construction market, so it is easy to find on store shelves;
suitable for rooms with high requirements fire safety, this point is especially important in enterprises where flammable things are stored (archives with documentation, a warehouse with things, chemicals, etc.);
short drying time allows you to carry out repairs comfortably without additional ventilation of the room;
paints plasterboard walls well.

Disadvantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:

not resistant to moisture, used only for painting in dry rooms;
does not withstand temperature changes well, not suitable for facades;
poor hiding power;
Does not stick to metal surfaces.

ATTENTION The paint consumption depends on the saturation of the shade. Darker shades require less consumption, as they paint the surface immediately. For an even application of bright and dark tones, 2 layers are sufficient. Approximately 150 g/sq.m is required. Light bed colors are applied in more layers to ensure color uniformity, which increases the consumption to 250 g/sq.m.

Latex

The latex base makes water-based paints washable and able to withstand high humidity. This variety is suitable for painting walls in the bathroom and kitchen. It can be wiped with a damp cloth. Withstands up to 5000 brush cleaning cycles. Water-based paint with a latex additive will last a long time on the walls of the bathroom and kitchen.

The cost of latex paint is more expensive than other types of water-dispersion coatings.

In addition to water-repellent properties, latex “water emulsion” has good vapor permeability.

ATTENTION When using latex paint, you do not need to first fill cracks up to 1 mm; the paint has the ability to cover them, lying evenly on the surface.

Latex-based water-based paint dries as quickly as its subtypes, in just a few hours, making repairs comfortable and quick.

Acrylic (VDAK)

Acrylic paint is the highest quality, most popular and most expensive. The acrylic “water emulsion” is based on acrylic resins, which give it strength and elasticity. To reduce the cost of this type of coating, manufacturers produce styrene acrylic, vinyl acrylic and acrylic silicone, but the quality of the cheaper version is also significantly lower than the original.

Advantages:

used for all types of external and internal work;
fits well on the plaster after it has completely dried;
protects reinforced concrete from corrosion;
popular and always available in hardware stores.

Flaws:

Not suitable for application on damp walls with poor waterproofing
Expensive

Silicone

Silicone paint is similar to latex “water-based paint”. The composition includes silicone resins, thanks to which small cracks on the surface turn into a smooth surface. Has water-repellent properties (lotus effect). The surface becomes self-cleaning. Dust settling on the façade is washed away by rain. Moss does not form on the surface, since the paint contains antiseptic additives. The cost of this type of paint is as high as the quality. It is used in places of high humidity, for example, the basement of a building.

ATTENTION The components of silicone paint are not only resistant to moisture, but also successfully fight the appearance of fungus and mold in these places.

If traces of mold were found on the walls, floors or ceilings before painting, the area must be cleaned and treated with hydrogen peroxide, then paint should be applied.

Silicate

The most durable paint is a silicate water-based paint. It consists of liquid glass, water based and other additives that make it resistant to various weather conditions and temperature changes.

This type of paint is used for building facades that are washed away by soil and melt water, paint rooms with high humidity. High vapor and air permeability makes the walls breathable, preventing the creation of a preservation effect.

Read also: Tool for decorative wall painting

Suitable for painting old buildings where waterproofing suffers and other paint quickly loses its appearance.

How to dilute

Since the main component of paint is water, it must be diluted with water. You can add no more than 10% of the total volume of paint.

The paint can be applied with a roller, brush or spray. For a sprayer, it is better to dilute the water-based emulsion with special thinners for acrylic paints. Using a thinner, you can adjust the light reflection of the paint, that is, give it gloss or matte.

Severely dried paints that have been left unused for a long time can also be revived. The quality of highly diluted paint deteriorates, but is suitable for touch-up.

You can avoid the paint drying quickly by adding a little water to it after use and tightly closing the lid. Store in a dark and cool place.

How to paint

The paint is applied to the prepared surface. Brushes, sponges, rollers and sprayers are used to apply paint. Using special rollers or sponges with embossing, various patterns and textures are created on the surface. It is more convenient to paint a larger surface with a roller, the paint applies more evenly, and painting work is completed faster. Narrow areas, corners, wall joints, transitions are more convenient to apply with a brush, and brushes can be used different widths. To create texture, sponges are often used, dipping them into a thick paint solution and blotting them on the surface. Creating a texture and applying patterns is not an easy task; it is better to first experiment on a small area, then in the future you will not have to repaint the entire surface if your attempt fails.

Stages of painting with water-based paint:

Pour a small amount of paint into the roller tray. The tray is square shape with a small recess for paint and a place for squeezing out the roller. The cost of trays in stores is cheap, but it is more convenient to work with and uses less paint.
Dip a wide brush into the paint and walk along the perimeter of the wall or other surface, so the joints will be painted better and the transitions will be smoother.
Saturate the roller well with paint, rolling it inside the tray several times to remove excess paint. The better the roller is impregnated, the larger the paint area will be enough.
Apply paint evenly with a roller onto the surface to be painted.

IMPORTANT It is better to start applying paint from the top, then drops and smudges will not flow onto the already painted surface, but will be rolled out with a roller as you gradually move down.

Apply each subsequent layer of paint after the previous layer has dried, so that there is no dripping.

Consumption

An important factor is paint consumption per square meter. Knowing this data, you can calculate the paint requirements for the job. If the paint is tinted, then the consumption must be taken into account with a reserve; if there is not enough material, it may be difficult to achieve the same shade. Each manufacturer indicates information about paint consumption on its packaging (from 160 grams/m2), but these figures are average. Many factors influence consumption: type of tool, brush or roller material, number of layers, ability to absorb the surface being painted. In addition, each type of water-based paint has a different texture and density, respectively for painting various types Water-based emulsions will require different amounts of paint.