All physics formulas for the Unified State Exam. Physics formulas that are recommended to be learned and mastered to successfully pass the Unified State Exam
As a rule, it is mathematics, and not physics, that is considered to be the queen of the exact sciences. We believe that this statement is controversial, because technical progress is impossible without knowledge of physics and its development. Due to its complexity, it is unlikely to ever be included in the list of mandatory state exams, but, one way or another, applicants to technical specialties have to take it without fail. The most difficult thing is to remember the numerous laws and formulas in physics for the Unified State Exam; we will talk about them in this article.
Secrets of preparation
Perhaps this is due to the apparent complexity of the subject or the popularity of professions in the humanities and management, but in 2016 only 24% of all applicants decided to take physics, in 2017 - only 16%. Such statistics involuntarily make one wonder whether the requirements are too high or whether the level of intelligence in the country is simply falling. For some reason I can’t believe that so few 11th grade students want to become:
- engineers;
- jewelers;
- aircraft designers;
- geologists;
- pyrotechnicians;
- ecologists,
- production technologists, etc.
Knowledge of the formulas and laws of physics is equally necessary for developers of intelligent systems, computer technology, equipment and weapons. At the same time, everything is interconnected. For example, specialists producing medical equipment, at one time we studied an in-depth course in atomic physics, because without isotope separation, we will have neither X-ray equipment nor radiation therapy. Therefore, the creators of the Unified State Exam tried to take into account all topics school course and it seems they didn’t miss a single one.
Those students who regularly attended all physics lessons up to last call, they know that in the period from grades 5 to 11, about 450 formulas are studied. It is extremely difficult to single out at least 50 of these four and a half hundred, since they are all important. The developers of the Codifier obviously also adhere to a similar opinion. However, if you are unusually gifted and not limited in time, 19 formulas will be enough for you, because if you wish, you can derive all the rest from them. We decided to take the main sections as a basis:
- mechanics;
- molecular physics;
- electromagnetism and electricity;
- optics;
- atomic physics.
Obviously, preparation for the Unified State Exam should be daily, but if for some reason you have started studying all the material only now, a real miracle can be accomplished by the express course offered by our center. We hope these 19 formulas will also be useful to you:
You probably noticed that some physics formulas for passing the Unified State Exam left without explanation? We leave it to you to study them yourself and discover the laws by which absolutely everything is done in this world.
The session is approaching, and it’s time for us to move from theory to practice. Over the weekend we sat down and thought that many students would benefit from having a selection of basic physical formulas. Dry formulas with explanation: short, concise, nothing superfluous. A very useful thing when solving problems, you know. And during an exam, when exactly what was memorized the day before might “jump out of your head,” such a selection will serve an excellent purpose.
The most problems are usually asked in the three most popular sections of physics. This Mechanics, thermodynamics And Molecular physics, electricity. Let's take them!
Basic formulas in physics dynamics, kinematics, statics
Let's start with the simplest. The good old favorite straight and uniform movement.
Kinematics formulas:
Of course, let's not forget about motion in a circle, and then we'll move on to dynamics and Newton's laws.
After dynamics, it’s time to consider the conditions of equilibrium of bodies and liquids, i.e. statics and hydrostatics
Now we present the basic formulas on the topic “Work and Energy”. Where would we be without them?
Basic formulas of molecular physics and thermodynamics
Let's finish the mechanics section with formulas for oscillations and waves and move on to molecular physics and thermodynamics.
Coefficient useful action, Gay-Lussac's law, the Clapeyron-Mendeleev equation - all these dear formulas are collected below.
By the way! There is now a discount for all our readers 10% on .
Basic formulas in physics: electricity
It's time to move on to electricity, even though it is less popular than thermodynamics. Let's start with electrostatics.
And, to the beat of the drum, we end with formulas for Ohm’s law, electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic oscillations.
That's all. Of course, a whole mountain of formulas could be cited, but this is of no use. When there are too many formulas, you can easily get confused and even melt your brain. We hope our cheat sheet of basic physics formulas will help you solve your favorite problems faster and more efficiently. And if you want to clarify something or haven’t found it the required formula: ask the experts student service. Our authors keep hundreds of formulas in their heads and crack problems like nuts. Contact us, and soon any task will be up to you.
The Unified State Exam covers information on the entire physics course from grades 7 to 11. However, if some physics formulas for the Unified State Exam are memorized well on their own, you have to work on others. We will look at some formulas that are useful for solving various problems.
Kinematics
Let's start traditionally with kinematics. Common mistake here is an incorrect calculation of the average speed of uneven linear motion. In this case, they try to solve problems using the arithmetic mean. However, everything is not so simple. The arithmetic mean is only a special case. And to find the average speed of movement there is a useful formula:
where S is the entire path traveled by the body in a certain time t.
Molecular Kinetic Theory (MKT)
MCT can set many insidious “traps” for an inattentive student. To avoid this, you need to be fluent in physics formulas for the Unified State Exam in this area.
Let's start with the Mendeleev-Clapeyron law, which is used for ideal gases. It sounds like this:
where p is the gas pressure,
V is the volume it occupies,
n – amount of gas,
R – universal gas constant,
T – temperature.
Pay attention to examples of problems using this law.
Everyone has an idea of what humidity is. Relative humidity values are reported daily in the media. The following formula will be useful for the exam: 
here f is relative air humidity,
ρ – density of water vapor in the air,
ρ0 – saturated vapor density at a specific temperature.
This last value is a tabular value, so it should be in the problem statement.
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch quite close to MCT, so many concepts overlap. Thermodynamics is based on its two principles. Almost every problem in this field requires knowledge and application of the first law of thermodynamics, expressed by the formula
This is formulated as follows:
The amount of heat Q that was received by the system is spent on performing work A on external bodies and changing ΔU internal energy of this system.
Archimedes' force
Finally, let's talk about the behavior of bodies immersed in a liquid. Obviously, each of them is acted upon by gravity directed vertically downwards. But in liquid all bodies weigh less. This is due to the partial compensation of gravity by the oppositely directed Archimedes force. Its value is 
Thus, this force, trying to push a body out of a liquid, depends on the density of that very liquid and the volume of the part of the body immersed in it. Archimedes' force also acts in gases, but due to the insignificance of the density of gases, it is usually neglected.
The Unified State Exam tests a student's knowledge in various areas physics. Formulas for the Unified State Exam in physics contribute to the successful solution of problems (you can use) and a general understanding of basic physical processes.
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1 Physics formulas that are recommended to be learned and mastered to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. Version: 0.92 β. Compiled by: Vaulin D.N. Literature: 1. Peryshkin A.V. Physics 7th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. 13th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Peryshkin A.V. Physics 8th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. 12th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Peryshkin A.V., Gutnik E.M. Physics 9th grade. Textbook for general education institutions. 14th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya. and others. Physics. Mechanics 10th grade. Profile level. Textbook for general education institutions. 11th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Molecular physics. Thermodynamics 10th grade. Profile level. Textbook for general education institutions. 13th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z., Slobodskov B.A. Physics. Electrodynamics classes. Profile level. Textbook for general education institutions. 11th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Oscillations and waves 11th grade. Profile level. Textbook for general education institutions. 9th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Myakishev G.Ya., Sinyakov A.Z. Physics. Optics. The quantum physics Grade 11. Profile level. Textbook for general education institutions. 9th edition, stereotypical. Moscow. Bustard Formulas in bold are worth learning when you have already mastered the formulas not in bold. 7th grade. 1. average speed: 2. Density: 3. Hooke's Law: 4. Gravity:
2 5. Pressure: 6. Pressure of a liquid column: 7. Archimedean force: 8. Mechanical work: 9. Power of work: 10. Moment of force: 11. Coefficient of efficiency (efficiency) of the mechanism: 12. Potential energy at constant: 13. Kinetic energy: 8th grade. 14. Amount of heat required for heating: 15. Amount of heat released during combustion: 16. Amount of heat required for melting:
3 17. Relative air humidity: 18. Amount of heat required for vaporization: 19. Heat engine efficiency: 20. Useful work heat engine: 21. Law of conservation of charge: 22. Current: 23. Voltage: 24. Resistance: 25. Total resistance of a series connection of conductors: 26. Total resistance of a parallel connection of conductors: 27. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit:
4 28. Power electric current: 29. Joule-Lenz law: 30. Law of light reflection: 31. Law of light refraction: 32. Lens optical power: 9th grade. 33. Dependence of speed on time during uniformly accelerated motion: 34. Dependence of the radius of a vector on time during uniformly accelerated motion: 35. Newton’s second law: 36. Newton’s third law: 37. Law of universal gravitation:
5 38. Centripetal acceleration: 39. Impulse: 40. Law of energy change: 41. Relationship between period and frequency: 42. Relationship between wavelength and frequency: 43. Law of impulse change: 44. Ampere’s law: 45. Current magnetic field energy: 46 Transformer formula: 47. Effective current value: 48. Effective voltage value:
6 49. Charge of a capacitor: 50. Electrical capacity of a flat capacitor: 51. Total capacitance of parallel-connected capacitors: 52. Energy of the electric field of a capacitor: 53. Thompson's formula: 54. Photon energy: 55. Absorption of a photon by an atom: 56. Relationship between mass and energy: 1. Absorbed radiation dose: 2. Equivalent radiation dose:
7 57. The law of radioactive decay: 10th grade. 58. Angular velocity: 59. Relationship between velocity and angular: 60. Law of addition of velocities: 61. Sliding friction force: 62. Static friction force: 3. Medium resistance force: [ 63. Potential energy of an extended spring: 4. Radius vector of the center of mass :
8 64. Amount of substance: 65. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation: 66. Basic equation of molecular kinetic theory: 67. Concentration of particles: 68. Relationship between the average kinetic energy of particles and gas temperature: 69. Internal energy of gas: 70. Work of gas: 71 First law of thermodynamics: 72. Efficiency of the Carnot machine: 5. Thermal linear expansion: 6. Thermal volumetric expansion:
9 73. Coulomb's law: 74. Electric field strength: 75. Electric field strength of a point charge: 7. Electric field strength flow: 8. Gauss's theorem: 76. Potential energy of a charge at constant: 77. Potential energy of interaction of bodies: 78. Potential energy of interaction of charges: 79. Potential: 80. Potential difference: 81. Relationship between the intensity of a uniform electric field and voltage:
10 82. Total electrical capacity of series-connected capacitors: 83. Dependence resistivity from temperature: 84. Kirchhoff's first rule: 85. Ohm's law for a complete circuit: 86. Kirchhoff's second rule: 87. Faraday's law: 11th grade. 9. Biot-Savart-Laplace law: 10. Magnetic induction of an infinite wire: 88. Lorentz force:
11 89. Magnetic flux: 90. Law of electromagnetic induction: 91. Inductance: 92. Dependence of a quantity changing according to a harmonic law on time: 93. Dependence of the rate of change of a quantity changing according to a harmonic law on time: 94. Dependence of the acceleration of a change on a quantity changing according to the harmonic law of time: 95. Period of oscillation of a thread pendulum: 96. Period of oscillation of a spring pendulum: 11. Capacitance: 12. Inductive reactance:
12 13. Resistance for alternating current: 97. Thin lens formula: 98. Interference maximum condition: 99. Interference minimum condition: 14. Lorentz transformations of coordinates: 15. Lorentz time transformations: 16. Relativistic law of addition of velocities: 100. Dependence of body mass on velocity: 17. Relativistic connection between energy and momentum:
13 101. Photoelectric effect equation: 102. Red border of the photoelectric effect: 103. De Broglie wavelength:
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They are absolutely necessary so that a person who decides to study this science, armed with them, can feel like a fish in water in the world of physics. Without knowledge of formulas, solving problems in physics is unthinkable. But it is almost impossible to remember all the formulas and it is important to know, especially for a young mind, where to find this or that formula and when to apply it.
The location of physical formulas in specialized textbooks is usually distributed among the corresponding sections among textual information, so searching for them there can take quite a lot of time, and even more so if you suddenly need them urgently!
Featured below physics cheat sheets contain all the basic formulas from the physics course, which will be useful to students of schools and universities.
All formulas of the school course in physics from the site http://4ege.ru
I. Kinematics download
1. Basic concepts
2. Laws of addition of velocities and accelerations
3. Normal and tangential acceleration
4. Types of movements
4.1. Uniform movement
4.1.1. Uniform rectilinear movement
4.1.2. Uniform movement around a circle
4.2. Motion with constant acceleration
4.2.1. Uniformly accelerated motion
4.2.2. Equal slow motion
4.3. Harmonic motion
II. Dynamics download
1. Newton's second law
2. Theorem on the motion of the center of mass
3. Newton's third law
4. Powers
5. Gravitational force
6. Forces acting through contact
III. Conservation laws. Work and power download
1. Momentum of a material point
2. System impulse material points
3. Theorem on the change in momentum of a material point
4. Theorem on the change in momentum of a system of material points
5. Law of conservation of momentum
6. Work of force
7.Power
8. Mechanical energy
9. Mechanical energy theorem
10. Law of conservation of mechanical energy
11. Dissipative forces
12. Methods for calculating work
13. Time average force
IV. Statics and hydrostatics download
1. Equilibrium conditions
2. Torque
3. Unstable equilibrium, stable equilibrium, indifferent equilibrium
4. Center of mass, center of gravity
5. Hydrostatic pressure force
6. Fluid pressure
7. Pressure at any point in the liquid
8, 9. Pressure in a homogeneous fluid at rest
10. Archimedean force
V. Thermal phenomena download
1. Mendeleev-Clapeyron equation
2. Dalton's Law
3. Basic MKT equation
4. Gas laws
5. First law of thermodynamics
6. Adiabatic process
7. Efficiency of a cyclic process (heat engine)
8. Saturated steam
VI. Electrostatics download
1. Coulomb's law
2. Superposition principle
3. Electric field
3.1. Strength and potential of the electric field created by one point charge Q
3.2. The intensity and potential of the electric field created by a system of point charges Q1, Q2, ...
3.3. Tension and potential of the electric field created by a sphere uniformly charged over the surface
3.4. Strength and potential of a uniform electric field (created by a uniformly charged plane or flat capacitor)
4. Potential energy of a system of electric charges
5. Electrical capacity
6. Properties of the conductor in electric field
VII. DC current download
1. Ordered speed
2. Current strength
3. Current density
4. Ohm's law for a section of the circuit that does not contain EMF
5. Ohm's law for a section of a circuit containing EMF
6. Ohm's law for a complete (closed) circuit
7. Series connection of conductors
8. Parallel connection of conductors
9. Work and power of electric current
10. Electrical circuit efficiency
11. Selection condition maximum power on load
12. Faraday's law for electrolysis
VIII. Magnetic phenomena download
1. Magnetic field
2. Movement of charges in a magnetic field
3. Frame with current in a magnetic field
4. Magnetic fields, created by various currents
5. Interaction of currents
6. The phenomenon of electromagnetic induction
7. The phenomenon of self-induction
IX. Oscillations and waves download
1. Oscillations, definitions
2. Harmonic vibrations
3. The simplest oscillatory systems
4. Wave
X. Optics download
1. Law of reflection
2. Law of refraction
3. Lens
4. Image
5. Possible cases object location
6. Interference
7. Diffraction
Big cheat sheet on physics. All formulas are presented in a compact form with small comments. The cheat sheet also contains useful constants and other information. The file contains the following physics sections:
Mechanics (kinematics, dynamics and statics)
Molecular physics. Properties of gases and liquids
Thermodynamics
Electrical and electromagnetic phenomena
Electrodynamics. D.C
Electromagnetism
Oscillations and waves. Optics. Acoustics
Quantum physics and relativity
Small spur in physics. Everything you need for the exam. A compilation of basic physics formulas on one page. Not very aesthetically pleasing, but practical. :-)