Farsi language sentences. Russian Persian dictionary online

The Persian language (New Persian language, Farsi, زبان فارسی) is the leading language of the Iranian group of the Indo-European family of languages, which has a rich, centuries-old literary tradition, including recognized masterpieces of world literature. Modern Farsi is a pluricentric language (diasystem), split into three closely related variants, recognized as official as separate national languages ​​in three Asian countries: Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan. Of these, the Farsi of the Islamic Republic of Iran (“Western Farsi” or Farsi proper) is the most famous and influential.

The writing of the Farsi and Dari languages ​​is the Persian alphabet, created on the basis of the Arabic script, supplemented by several signs for sounds not found in the Arabic language.

  • Since the Farsi language is Aryan (Indo-European), pronunciation is not a fundamental barrier for Russian speakers. By and large, there are only two unfamiliar sounds: a quick “x” and a long “a”. You shouldn’t worry about “x” - the locals themselves don’t really distinguish between them in conversation, but “a long” (hereinafter “A”) is worth mastering - this is fundamental. It is something between the Russian “a” and “o”, and closer to “o”. You should position your lips as if you were saying “o”, and try to pronounce “a”. If it doesn’t work, just say a long “o”! Below I have marked “A” only where it stands out in articulation.
  • When compiling a phrasebook, I consider the simplicity of a phrase to be much more important than its correctness.
  • If in a phrasebook one Russian word (expression) corresponds to several Persian ones, it is recommended to use the first one on the list. The second and third are given so that you can understand them from the lips of locals.
  • Question intonation in Farsi is close to Russian
  • To enhance the effect of a word, doubling is widely used in Farsi. For example, if you want to get out while hitchhiking, but the driver does not understand how you can get out in the desert, shout “voice-voice,” which sounds like “stop!”
  • The accent in Farsi is always on the last sound!

Russian phrases here usually correspond to the order of words in translation, so they sound strange, but the meanings of individual words are clear.

WORDS AND PHRASES FOR SPECIFIC SITUATIONS

  • Yes - bali
  • On - no
  • Ya-man
  • You are Shoma
  • they are onha
  • Here - Inja
  • There - Undzha
  • My name (my name is): Yesm-e man...
  • What is your name? Esme shoma chie?
  • I don't understand: Man namifahmam
  • I don’t speak Farsi: Man Farsi balad niistam
  • I speak very little Farsi Man heyli kam Farsi baladi
  • Shoma inglesi baladid? Are you in English? you say?
  • I am from Russia: Az rusiye am (from Ukraine - Ukrainian, Belarus and Rusiye – Sefid)
  • I am a traveler: MosAfer am I am a free traveler: MosAfer AzAd am
  • traveling - Jokhangardi
  • teacher I am Mualem am
  • I don't want - Man namehoam
  • No, thanks, I don't want to. - On, merci, nemiham.
  • I want to sleep - Mihoham behobam
  • I'm not friends with...dust nadAram
  • Man (hotel, darbast (this is a taxi), heroin, cigars, whiskey) dust nadAram!
  • I have a friend in Iran - Man dost Irani daram
  • I have gifts
  • I don’t have Nadoram (if you have, give, if you don’t, nadori)
  • I have a scarf: Chador d'Aram
  • I'm not a rich man: Servatmand nistam!
  • Gift for you: Hediye baroe shoma
  • Danger - Khatarnak
  • I'm not afraid of anything: Az hichi namitarsam!
  • Russia is more dangerous than Iran: Rusiye az Iran KhatarnAktar!
  • The last two phrases are said in response to constant warnings “Mister, it’s dangerous here.” the latter is also possible in communication with the police.

The idea that hitchhiking is very dangerous (and even more deadly than pitching a tent in the desert but completely safe in a city park) is widespread among many local residents. Don't be impressed.

WHAT THE LOCAL SAY:

  • As koja and??? - where are you from?
  • Kodum keshwar (mamalkat)! - From what country?
  • Alman? - German?
  • Shouravi? -from the Soviet Union?
  • Koja mekhai take it? -Where do you want to go (go, go)?
  • Din-e (mashab-e) to (shoma) is clean? – What faith are you?
  • Gaza hordi? (Sham hordi?) - Did you eat food? If you answer no (- to), they will most likely offer you a treat from the questioner, often including a written entry.
  • Mehmun bash! (Mehmun-e man bash!) - Be my guest, O stranger, and appreciate Eastern hospitality!
  • Mister! Hayley HatarnAc! - Mister! Very dangerous!
  • Mamnu: Forbidden! (Do not go there!)
  • Inshallah fardo! : If Allah grants, tomorrow. Usually this means: “We’ll do it tomorrow, but most likely never.”

POLITE PHRASES:

  • According to Eastern etiquette, you need to say hello even if you saw the person half an hour ago. It is a good idea to ask “how are you doing” several times, this is a favorite Iranian phrase. People of the same sex are greeted by hand, often hugged and kissed. You don’t need to do this with people of the other sex!
  • Hello: Salam!
  • Hello (to old people and respectable people): Salaam alaikum!
  • please (request) Lotfan
  • please (invitation) Befarmoid
  • How's it going: hale shoma? (ahvale shoma?)
  • Thank you, thank you: teshakkor, Me"rsi
  • Thank you so much Hayley Mamnuun
  • Please (suggest something): befarmoid
  • Please (reply to gratitude): hahesh mikonam
  • Goodbye: Hodafez, Hoda Hafez
  • Good morning (day, evening) - sobkh (ruz, shab) bekheir
  • Good night - Shab aram

MEANS OF TRANSPORT

  • Car: cars
  • Bus (any): bus
  • Minibus (minibus in the city or): minibus
  • Bicycle: docharhe
  • Motorcycle: motor
  • Train: gatAr
  • Boat: kayak
  • Small passenger ship: landge
  • Large boat: keshti
  • Airplane: Havapeima
  • Luggage storage amonat
  • An expensive custom taxi with “closed doors” - darbast from “dor baste”
  • Route taxis (cheap cars without identification marks - usually already have passengers in them and stop for you) are also called taxis.
  • Sometimes a taxi is Khati (route) and sometimes Savari, but this is usually poorly understood; it’s easier to say a taxi is “not a darbast”.
  • Taxi is cheap, not Darbast - Taxi Arzun, Darbast-na
  • Agency (for the sale of tickets) for plane (train) Ajanse Havopeima (Gator) (tickets are sold in advance at agencies without extra charges)
  • Ticket – Belit
  • Can I return my ticket? Miham whitens pasbedam?
  • I don’t want to - namiham
  • I want to make an exchange - mihoham avaz mikonam
  • Gator – train (“g” is very burry!)
  • Mahali - local train, very cheap, seated or recumbent, 6 seater compartments
  • Oddi – sitting distant
  • Shesh Lux Nafar – six-bed suite with air conditioning
  • Chahar Luxury Nafar is a four-bed suite with air conditioning, twice the price of a six-bed suite.
  • nafar is a place, to nafar is two tickets
  • City bus stop: istagah-e otobus
  • Trolleybus stop (in Tehran): istgah-e otobus-e bargi
  • Metro station (in Tehran): metro, Istgah-e metro
  • I don't want a taxi: taxi namiham!
  • Bus station: terminal
  • Railway station: istgakhe-e gatAr
  • Airport: Forudgah
  • Marine Station: Eskele

HITCH-HIKING

  • No (expensive) taxi! Darbast on! Tehran - free - Tehran - majoni!
  • I don’t like taxis (I’m not friends with taxis) - man taxi dust nadam
  • car - car
  • Camyon - truck
  • Trailer - trailer
  • Salaam alaikum! (Hello!)
  • Shoma man-ra be taraf...(name of destination) ... majAni mitavonide beresanide? (out of the way... can you give me a free ride?)
  • MajAni? (for free?)
  • The last thing, if you doubt whether the driver understood, needs to be repeated several times. The criterion that the driver has understood will be his obvious surprise. Sometimes you will hear an offended “chera majoni?!” - “why should I lead for free.” But your job is to stupidly repeat the magic word until the driver agrees or leaves. Teach Iranians to hitchhike. Science will win!
  • Where are you going? Shoma koja mirid?
  • Are you turning - mipicid?
  • Stop-stop: Voice-voice!
  • I say: Piyade misham!
  • Here, here, nothing is dangerous here, you understood correctly: inja-inja!
  • I will go on foot (that is, go out) here - Man pyade mishavam inja
  • If possible, give me a free ride, if not, I’ll get out - A gar mumkene maro majani berisanit, a gar na - man piade mishavam

YOUR REQUESTS AND QUESTIONS

  • Can I...? : mitAnam... ?
  • Can I look here? MitAnam injaro bebinam?
  • please lead me (show me) do: Lotfan man-ro rokhshamoi konide
  • ... free: ... majAni
  • Can I sleep here (for free)? : mitAnam inja behAbam (majAni)?
  • Can I pitch a tent here: mitAnam inja chador bezonam?
  • Can I leave this bag here (until... hours)? Mitunam in kise inja bemonam (baroe...saad?)
  • This is for me: In chiz baroie man?
  • Where is the drinking water: Ab-a khurdan koja?
  • Do you have (sandwich, kebab, ice cream)? Shoma (sandwich, kebab, bastani) darid?
  • can I take a photo of you: mitonam az shoma ax begiram?
  • how much - chand
  • How much does it cost)? In chande?
  • How many kilometers to Isfahan: Ta Isfahan chand kilometre?
  • how many days? chand druz
  • When - kay?
  • When will this bus start moving? In otobus kei herokad mikonad?
  • Cheap (hot) food where? Gazakhuri Arzun Koja?
  • Where can I eat (hot) food? Koja man mitavunam Gaza behoram?
  • Where do you make your life? Shoma koja zemdegi myconid?
  • I'm looking... doing - man donba "le... migardam

GOOD THINGS AND PEOPLE

  • ziba - beautiful
  • where is the beautiful village? Deh-e ziba kojast?
  • Guest: mehmun
  • Host (in relation to the guest): mizbAn
  • Friend Dust
  • Foreigner KHARIJI
  • Wife-khanum Husband-shahar Daughter-dukhtar
  • Son pasar, bacha Mother-madar Father-badar
  • Friend dust
  • Travel: mosAferat
  • Food: gas
  • Delicious: Khoshmaze
  • You are good: shoma khubi!

BAD THINGS AND PHRASES

  • I have an allergy (to bee stings) Hasosyat daram (be nishe zambul)
  • muhadder - drugs
  • Security guard - negahbAn
  • Police - polis
  • bad - harab
  • KGB: ethelai
  • Prohibited: mom
  • Money: bullets
  • Forbidden according to Islam (drinking, drugs, prostitutes, etc.): haram
  • Snake: mAr (active only in spring, and even then not very much)
  • Disease: bimAr
  • Sick (I'm sick): mariz (mariz am)
  • Thief: dozd, ali baba
  • You are bad: shoma khub nisti!
  • Let's do it tomorrow, but most likely never: inshallah fardo!
  • Help me (something serious, like I’m drowning!!!) Beman komak konide!

SINGLE WORDS

  • North: Shomal
  • South: Jonub
  • West: garb
  • East: Sharg
  • Southeast (example): jonub-e sharg
  • Top: bolo
  • Down: Pain
  • Straightforward: mustokim
  • Rear: mail
  • Right: Rast
  • Left: chap
  • bill at Hesab restaurant

VERBS

  • The base form (past tense) is mentioned first, then the base of the present tense is mentioned in parentheses, and then after the dash - the form of the 1st person singular. present tense, for example “I do.” For negation, the prefix “na-” is added: “namifakhmam” - “I don’t understand.”
  • To do - I do: cardan (kon) - mikonam
  • Go (ride) – I’m going: raftan (ra) – miram
  • Want - want: hostan (hokh) - mihoham
  • To know - I know: dAnestan (dAn) - midAnam
  • Understand - I understand: fahmidan (fahm) - mifahmam
  • Eat (eat) – eat: khordan (choir) – mihoram
  • Sleep - sleep: hobidan (hob) - mihobam
  • To rest - I rest: esterAhat cardan (esterAhat kon) - esterAhat mikonam
  • Sell: forukhtan (forush)
  • Buy - buy: haridan (har) - mikharam
  • To pay - I cry: pardokhtan (pardoz) - mipardozam

NUMERALS

  • 0123456789 ٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
  • 0-sefr 1 – yek 2 – to 3 – se 4 – chahar
  • 5 – panj 6 – shesh 7 – haft 8 – hasht
  • 9 – noh 10 – dah 11 – yazdah 12 – davazdah
  • 13 – sizdah 14 – chakhardah 15 – punzdah
  • 16 – shunsdah 17 – haftdah 18 – heddah
  • 19 – nuzdah 20 – bist 30 – si 40 – cover 50 – panjah
  • 60 – Shast 70 – Haftad 80 – Hashtad 90 – Navad
  • 100 – garden 200 – devist 1000 – hezAr
  • 2134 (example) – do hezAr-o sad-o si-o chahar
  • Ordinal numbers (first-second, etc.) are formed by adding the ending “-om”, for example “fifth” - “panjom”.

ADJECTIVES (AKA ADVERBS)

  • Big – small: bozorg – kuchek
  • Good - bad (people, things, concepts): hub - bad
  • Fast - slow: itching - yavosh
  • Long - short: deraz - kutah
  • Distant - close: stupid - nazdik
  • Cold – warm – hot: sard – garm – dag
  • Cheap - expensive: arzun - gerun
  • Complex (difficult) - simple: sAkht - AsAn
  • Heavy – light (by weight): sangin – sabok
  • Free - prohibited: AzAd - mamnu
  • Truthful - deceitful: growth - dear

TIME

  • Today: emruz
  • Tomorrow: fardo the day after tomorrow pastfardo
  • Yesterday: diruz the day before yesterday pariruz
  • Quick: itching
  • Slow: yavosh
  • So slow! – haley yavosh! (everything in Iran is usually done too slowly)
  • Morning: sobh
  • Day: Ruz
  • Noon: Zohr
  • Night: Shab
  • Afternoon (widely used): bad az zohr
  • Hour: Soat
  • Minute: Dagige
  • Hafte week
  • Month: max
  • Year: Sal
  • before: Food, gable
  • two years ago - before Saal food
  • later Dige

HOUSEHOLD ITEMS OF A TRAVELER

  • The traveler himself: mosAfer
  • Tent: chador
  • Lantern: cherag
  • Backpack: kuleposti
  • Geographical map: nakhshe
  • Compass: kotbnema
  • Knife: chagu
  • Rope: tanAb
  • Telephone card (valid throughout Iran): telephony card
  • (if the money on the card has not run out, and the phone shows “zero”, wipe the contacts and persistently insert it into different devices - it will work again)
  • Mobile phone: mobile
  • Battery: bAtri
  • Rechargeable battery: BATRI rechargeable

OBJECTS IN THE CITY

  • Objects in the city are tied first of all to the “MeidAn, Falake” square or to the “Chaharrah” intersection, even if the area from the object to the area is 500 m, then to the large streets “KhiAbun”, and then to the small streets “Kuche” (not always ). Thus, the indication of the area and “hiabuna” is often only an indication of the approximate location.
  • Big street (avenue): hiAbun
  • Malaya street (alley): kuche
  • Highway (route) on the outskirts of the city: jadde
  • Area: meidan, falake
  • Crossroads: ChaharrAkh
  • Bypass: Kamarbandi

GOVERNMENT OFFICES

  • Police station: edAre police
  • Embassy: Sepharat
  • Consulate: Konusulgiri
  • Hospital: bimArrestAn
  • railway ticket office Belit forushi gator (Airplane-Havapeimo)
  • Museum: muse
  • Mosque: Masjed
  • Christian Church: Kelissa

OTHER

  • Toilet: datshui, toilet
  • House: xAne
  • Shop: forushgAkh
  • “Edalnya” (any with hot food): gazakhuri
  • Kebab shop: kebabforushi
  • Bookstore (purchase of cards) - ketAbforushi, forushgah-e kitob
  • Pharmacy: darukhane (difficult to use, because the concepts of medicines are very different)
  • Plant: karkhane
  • Cheap hotel: mehmunkhAne, mehmunsaray
  • Expensive hotel: hotel
  • City park: park
  • Bird Garden (in Isfahan): bAg-e parande
  • bazaar - bazaar
  • Magaze store, forushgah
  • open boz,
  • closed BastE, Tatil

OBJECTS OUTSIDE THE CITY:

  • City: Shahr
  • Village: Rusta, Dekh
  • Region (adm): Astan
  • Country: Keshwar, Mamalkat
  • Route to... : jadde be...
  • City bypass: Kamarbandi
  • Bridge: floor
  • Railway: rah ahan
  • State border: marz
  • Customs: Hamrok
  • Factory, industrial zone: karkhane
  • Military facility: NezAmi
  • Mountain: kitchen
  • Mountain range: KuhestAn
  • Mountain peak: feraz-e kuh
  • Cave: GAr
  • Tree: derakht
  • Forest: jangal
  • Desert (any): biAbon Flat desert without mountains: kevir
  • River (rarely found): Rudhane
  • Spring: Cheshme
  • Waterfall: AbshAr
  • Sea: Daria Lake: Daryacce
  • Wild animal: heyvon-e vakhshi
  • blue Abi, green -Sabz

FOOD

  • Ab - water, lemon juice - ab Limu
  • sabzi - vegetables felfel - pepper
  • Rice (most common side dish in Iran): berenj
  • Potatoes: sib zamini
  • Meat: gusht
  • Chicken: gusht-e morgue
  • Lamb: gusht-e gusfand:
  • Classic kebab - lamb chop on a spit (cheap and tasty): kebab kubide
  • Chicken on a spit with saffron (very tasty, not cheap): juj-e kebab
  • Juj-e polow - chicken with rice
  • Fish: mahi
  • Sandwich (a common dish, western on the outside and with oriental filling): calabash sandwich, sausage
  • lobio sabz green beans
  • kalyam-e gol cauliflower
  • Gorm-e-sabzi - delicious meat with beans, vegetables, lemon and herbs.
  • Liver (often used as sandwich filler): jigar
  • Thick soup with meat and beans: ab gusht
  • Chowder with meat, beans, potatoes Dizi
  • Bread: nun
  • Salt: namak
  • Lump/bulk sugar: gand/shekar
  • The cheese is usually cheese-like, highly salted, sold in packaging like a milk bag: Paneer
  • The cheese is almost unsalted, tasty, similar to a mixture of thick sour cream, cottage cheese and cheese, sold in small plastic packages, sometimes labeled “cream cheese” - Paneer Khomei
  • Drinking water: Ab-e khurdan
  • Soft drinks: nushAbe
  • Hot tea: dAg teas
  • Fruit: miwe
  • Grape: angur
  • Peaches: holu
  • carrot - hawij
  • Pears: golabi
  • Cherry – sweet cherry: albalu
  • Oranges: portugal
  • Manadarins: Narangs
  • Mango: ambe
  • Strawberry: goje farang
  • dates-persimmons
  • persimmon - persimmon liu

12 UNTRALABLE PERSIAN PHRASES. Common expressions, phrases widely used by Iranians in everyday speech, often seem meaningless or even somewhat ridiculous when translated into other languages. From the point of view of the Persian language, such expressions contain a very important message, but when translated, they are deprived not only of their main essence, but also of any meaning at all. On top of that, Persian is a very emotional language and even dramatic, just like in Romeo and Juliet “I will die for you, die for me.” But along with drama, this language is also full of life-affirming light motives. To give true value to words or speech, Farsi resorts to the frequent use of anatomical names for body parts in everyday speech.

In the photo: Iranian-American Golbu Shariatmadar, who is fluent in English and Farsi, presents a list of the twelve most commonly used Persian expressions, which take on a completely different meaning when translated. 1) Ghorboonet beram = I will become your victim - قربانت بروم In the sentence: “Merci, ghorboonet beram!” = “I’m so grateful that I would die for you!” You can use this phrase in almost any circumstance. In Persian, this expression shows how dear a person is to you, how much you value him, how much he means to you, etc. It's so romantic when you love someone and they love you just as much and you're both willing to sacrifice a lot for each other. Or when you are incredibly grateful for the help, service, support provided to you, simply say this to your interlocutor to show how much you appreciate his action. From the perspective of the Persian language, this does not look like something unpleasant or even suicidal, however, when translated into other languages, this phrase takes on a more dramatic connotation. 2) Zahreh mar = snake venom - زهر مار In a sentence: with the exclamation: “zahreh mar!” = "Damn!" This phrase is the Persian equivalent of the curse word "damn!" Not a very friendly phrase, but you can use it as a curse when you are angry, everything falls out of hand and nothing works out. The phrase is translated as snake venom, “zahr” meaning poison and “mar” meaning snake.

3) Pedar sag = son of a dog - پدر سگ In a sentence: “Pedar sag, mageh nagoftam in karo nakoni?!” = “Son of a dog, didn’t I tell you not to do this?!” Son of a dog... what? This is an offensive phrase that is used to express anger, irritation or disapproval. It doesn't require much explanation, but when you hear it addressed to you, rest assured, you have serious problems! This phrase can also be used in speech as an expression of affection or endearment as a joke (it defies explanation, don't ask why). 4) Khodah margam bedeh = Lord, punish me - خدا مرگم بده In a sentence: “Chi! Khodah margam bedeh” When you hear something absurd, ridiculous, unimaginable, shocking, unexpected, then this phrase is just right to express your shock. Like “ghorboonet beram”, this phrase is quite dramatic, but can be regarded as the Persian equivalent of “kill me”. 5) Ba namak = With salt - با نمک In a sentence: “cheghad emrooz ba namaki” = “You are with a twist today” This phrase literally means “with a twist.” When you are told in Persian that you have “namak” (salt), it means that you are very nice, smart, attractive and “tasteful”. Persians believe that salt adds flavor to food, and the same can be said about humans.

6) Joon bekan = fight with all your might - جان بکن In a sentence: “Zood bash digeh, joon bekan!” = “Hurry up already!” And this is my favorite thing, I say this phrase all the time. This expression literally translates to “fight with all your might,” but is used when you want to force someone to hurry up. You can use this in different contexts. This may mean something like “come on already” or “move!” Imagine this: you are in a traffic jam, the car in front of you is moving so slowly, and then the traffic light changes to red - then you can exclaim “joon bekan!” to express your impatience or irritation. 7) Moosh bokhoradet = let the mouse eat you - موش بخوردت In a sentence: when you squeeze your baby's cheeks, “moosh bokhoradet!” = “the mouse will eat you!” When something or someone seems incredibly cute to you, this is the perfect opportunity to use this phrase! “They are so cute that a mouse would eat them.” Don't ask what the point is or why it's considered an idiom. It is implied that it is used to express affection. I think mice are cute!

8) Khak bar saram = Earth on your head - خاک بر سرم In a sentence: “Chikar kardam, khak bar saram!” = “What have I done, shame on me!” People usually use this expression when they realize that a situation is getting out of control, or when they have done something terrible or are dealing with something absurd. I have already mentioned that Persian is an extremely dramatic language, and this phrase perfectly confirms my words. In fact, when you use this expression in speech, you are already admitting that you have done something terrible and unforgivable to the point that you deserve to have your head buried in the dirt, not just covered with dirt. This phrase can become an insult if you replace it with “khak bar saret,” which means “dirt on YOUR head.” 9) Jeegareh mani = You are my liver - جیگر منه In a sentence: “Golbou, jeegareh mani” = “Golbou, you are my liver! / You are my everything!” Even more tenderness! Jeegar is translated from Persian as liver, but this word is very often used in the context of expressing the warmest feelings towards someone. If someone says that you are his liver, it means that you are very dear to him. Persian, unlike many other languages, has a million options to express this feeling. To express your love in Farsi, you can use the following expressions: “asheghetam,” “jeegareh mani,” or “nafaseh mani.” 10) Saram kola gozoshtan = They put a hat on my head - سرم کلاه گذاشتند In a sentence: “Ziyadi pool dadam, saram kola gozoshtan” = “I paid so much, they fooled/deceived me” Use this expression when you find that someone deceived you. Or you can say that if you yourself have fooled someone. Persians speak in metaphors, so don't let them fool you!

11) Hava-to daram = I have your air - هواتو دارم In a sentence: “Negaran nabash, havatoh daram” = “Don’t worry, I’m here with you” This phrase should be used in speech when you want to comfort or reassure someone then, expressing concern for this person. If you want to say “I understand and support you” to a friend when he is worried about a new job or the result of an important exam, or you want to express in Persian that you really empathize, just say “Havatoh daram.” 12) Zameen khordam = Crashed into the ground or ate the ground - زمین خوردم In a sentence: “Ah, zameen khordam!” = “Oh, I’m so down!” And finally, the last phrase that defies translation. If you are not succeeding, you are in despair and feel as if you are really falling down and are about to crash into the ground, then you can just use this expression. “Khordam” means “ate” or “crashed”, in this expression they can be used interchangeably, since they mean the same thing: colliding with the ground. This does not mean that you literally eat the earth, it is a kind of association of the moral decline of man with the process of eating the earth.

Dear readers! I do not pretend to have absolute knowledge of the Persian language (Farsi), but the material that I publish below was enough for me to travel around half of Iran without any problems. I will publish in parts. For those interested, stay tuned for the following posts. So, let's begin.

Brief grammar:
1.The letter ﺍ (aleph) is read briefly and softly. It looks like in Russian in the words ball, part. All initial vowels are written with aleph. The letter aleph is not written in the middle of a word.
2.The letter آ - alef-madda is read more like a long “o”. In the phrasebook it is designated as “ O" In the middle of a word, it is indicated without the dash “madda” on top, like an ordinary aleph, but is read closer to a long “o”.
3. Consonant voiced sounds are not deafened.
4. The letter و (вов) at the beginning of a word and between vowels is read as “v”. Between consonants and at the end of words, like “u”, “o”, “ou”.
5. The sounds “sh” and “zh” are always pronounced softly.
6. The stress, as a rule, falls on the last syllable.
7. The plural is formed using the suffix “-ho”. For animate objects only using the suffix “-on”.
8. After the word “chand” (how many) and after numerals, the singular number is used.
9. Words are linked into one combination using the possessive suffix “-e” (after consonants) and “-ye” (after vowels). For example: dar-e x O not (house door), x O ne-ye pedar (father's house). The same suffix is ​​used in words indicating location.
10. Adjectives are also added. For example: n O n-e tose (fresh bread), n O n-e garm-e toze (fresh warm bread).
11. Adjectives are placed after nouns and the suffix “-e” or “-ye”. Only the superlative adjective is placed before the noun. For example: bozorgtarin hone (largest house).
12. The comparative degree is indicated by the suffix “-tar”. Excellent - with suffix
"-tarin." Superlative adjectives are placed before the noun, and comparative adjectives after.
13. From the word “good” degrees of comparison are formed without correction: khub - bekhtar - bekhtarin.
14. The word “chizi” (something) is placed before the verb; in the case of a negative form of the verb, it is translated as “nothing.”
15. In colloquial speech, the long vowel aleph-madda (o) before the nasal letters “n” and “m” is pronounced like the sound “u”. For example: mih O nam - mikhunam (I read), x O ne-hune (house).
16. In colloquial speech, the short connective “-ast” and the personal ending are 3 l. The singular "-ad" is pronounced like "-e". Example: dorost-ast = doroste (correct), dorad = dore (he has), mikhonad = mikhune (he reads).
17. Post-syllable “-r” O" denotes a certain one, not a certain one. item.
18. The sound ـق is indicated in this phrasebook by the letter combination “kg”, which sounds as if together.
PERSIAN ALPHABET
In the Persian language (Farsi), letters are written differently at the beginning, middle, end of a word and in a separate position.

Lettering Name Reading
Separately Initial in the middle at the end
جدا آغازیا میانیا پایانی
ﺍ آ / ا ﺎ ﺎ alef a/ a
ﺏ ﺑ ـبـ ـب be b
پ ﭙ ـﭙـ ـپ pe p
ﺕ ﺗ ـتـ ـﺕ te t
ﺙ ﺛ ـﺜـ ـﺚ se with
ﺝ ﺟ ﺠ ﺞ jim j
چﭼﭼچ che h
ﺡ ﺣ ﺤ ﺢ he h
ﺥ ﺧ ﺨ ﺦ khe x
ﺩ — — ﺪ dāl d
ﺫ — — ﺬ zāl z
ﺭ — — ﺮ re р
ﺯ — — ﺰ ze з
ژ — — ﮋ zhe zh
ﺱ ﺳ ـﺴـ ـس sin with
ﺵ ﺷ ـﺸـ ـﺶ šin sh
ﺹ ﺻ ـﺼـ ـﺺ sād with
ﺽ ﺿ ـﺿـ ـﺾ zād z
ﻁ ﻃ ـطـ ـط tā t
ﻅ ﻇ ـﻅـ ـﻅ zā z
ﻉ ﻋ ﻌ ﻊ eyn "
ﻍ ﻏ ﻐ ﻎ qeyn k, g
ﻑ ﻓ ـفـ ـف fe f
ﻕ ﻗ ـقـ ـق qāf k, g
ک ﮐ ﮑ ﮏ kāf to
گ ﮔ ﮕ ﮓ gāf g
ﻝ ﻟ ـلـ ـل lām l
ﻡ ﻣ ـمـ ـم mim m
ﻥ ﻧ ـنـ ـن nun n
و — — ﻮ vāv in,у
ﻩ ﻫ ﻬ ﻪ he x
ﻯ ﻳ ـيـ ﯽ ye th,and

Greetings, polite phrases
In Iran, greetings are always followed by questions about health and business. The most common health question is: Khol-etun khub-e? (Are you OK?). In response they say: Hayley mamnun! (Thank you very much!).
Hello! (with Zoroastrians this greeting is unacceptable) As-sal O M alaikum!
Reply to hello Aleikum al-sal O m.
Hello! Sal O m!
Good morning! Sobh beheir!
Good afternoon Ruz beheir! Ruz hosh!
Good evening! Shab beheir! Asr beheir! Shab-e-shom O hosh
Good night! Shab-e-shom O hosh! Shab aram!
Welcome! Hosh O madid!
Goodbye! Move O fez. Move O hafez. Move O negahdor
Till tomorrow! T O fard O
Best wishes! Be sal O mat!
Good luck to you! Piruz b O shid!
See you soon! Bezudi mibinamed!
Many thanks to Hayley Mamnoon.
Thanks Motshakkers. Mercy. Sep O sg O zoram
Thank you (May your hand not wither) Dast-e shom O dard at last
Please (reply to thank you) X O hash mikonam
Please (request) Lotfan
Please (call) Bepharm O eid
Please (when talking to the service staff) Lotf conid (do the courtesy)
Sorry Bebakhshid (analogue of English excuse me), ma'zerat mikhom (analogue of English - sorry), mote assefam
Your Excellency Jen O b-e O whether
Dear Mukhtaram

Russian-Persian phrasebook, or the most necessary words you need to know in Farsi.
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✨Meeting people ✨

Hello: Salam سلام
Good morning!: Sobh Be kheyr! صبح بخیر
Good evening! Asr be kheyr! عصر بخیر
Good night! Shab be kheyr! شب بخیر
Welcome (greeting)! Khosh Amadid! خوش آمدید
How are you doing? haleh shoma Shoma chetor hast? حال شما چطور هست
Thanks a lot)! (kheily)Mamnoon ممنون
You're welcome)! Khahesh mikonam خواهش میکنم
See you later! Ba'adan mibinamet بعدأ میبینمت
Goodbye! Khoda Hafez
What is your name? Esme shoma clean? اسم شما چیست ؟
My name is... Esme man... hast. اسممن...
It's nice to meet you! Az molaghat e sham khosh vaghtam از ملاقات شما خوش وقتم
Where are you from? Shoma ahleh koja hastid? شما اهلکجا هستید
I am from (USA, Iran): Man az (America/ Iran) hastam من از (آمریکا / ایران) هستم
How old are you?: Chand salet hast? چند سالت هست؟
I am (twenty, thirty) years old. Man (bist/si) sal daram من (بیست/سی) سال دارم

✨ Simple communication ✨

Good luck!: Mo'afagh bashed موفق باشید
Congratulations!: Tabrik migoyam تبریک می گویم
Be healthy:: A’afiat bashad عافیت باشد
Sorry (for the mistake):: Bebakhshid ببخشید
No problem!: Moshkeli nist مشکلی نیست
I need to practice my Persian:: Man bayad farsi ro bishtar tamrin konam
من باید فارسی رو بیشتر تمرین کنم
What? Where?: Chi? Koja? چی؟ کجا؟
I love you!: Doset daram! دوست دارم

✨Requests for help ✨

Could you say it again?: Mishe tekrar konid? میشه تکرار کنید ؟
I don't understand!: Motavajjeh nemisham متوجه نمیشوم
I don't know!: Nemidanam نمیدانم
What time is it?: Sa’at chand ast? ساعتچند است؟
What is it called in Farsi?: Be Farsi chi misheh? به فارسی چی میشه؟
What does “moshkeli” mean in English?: “moshkeli” be engilisi chi misheh? به انگلیسی چی میشه؟ “moshkeli”
I'm lost: Man gom shodam من گم شدم
Can I help you?: Mitoonam ke komaketoon konam? میتونمکه کمکتونکنم؟
Can you help me?: Shoma mitooni ke komakam konid? شما میتونید کمکم کنید؟
Where is (bathroom/pharmacy)?: Dashtshooi/darookhaneh kojast? (دستشویی/داروخانه) کجاست؟
How much does it cost?: Gheymatesh chand ast? قیمتش چند است ؟
Sorry... (to ask something)!: Bebakhshid ببخشید
Sorry (to pass)!: Bebakhshid ببخشید
Do you speak (English/Farsi)?: Aya shoma (Engilisi/Farsi) harf mizanid?
آیا شما (انگلیسی/فارسی) حرف میزنید ؟
I don't feel well.: Man mariz hastam من مریض هستم
I need a doctor.: Man be doktor ehtiaj daram من به دکتر احتیاج دارم
Help!: Khatar! ! خطر
Help me!: Komakam kon! !کمکم کن

✨ Colors ✨

Black: seeyāh or meshki سیاه یا مشکی
Blue: ābee آبی
Brown: ghah-ve-yee قهوه ای
Gray: khākestaree خاکسری
Green: sabz سبز
Orange: nārenjee نارنجی
Purple: arghavanee or banafsh ارغوونی
Red: ghermez قرمز
White: sefeed سفيد
Yellow: zarrd زرد

✨Numbers ✨

0: sefr صفر
1: yek يک
2: do دو
3: se سه
4: chahaar چهار
5: panj پنج
6: sheesh شيش
7: haft هفت
8: hasht هشت
9: noh نه
10: dah ده
11: yāz-dah یازده
12: davāz-dah دوازه
13: seez-dah سیزده
14: chāhar-dah چهار ده
15: poonz-dah پانزده
16: shoonz-dah شانزده
17: heev-dah هفده
18: heezh-dah هجده
19: nooz-dah نوزده
20: best بیست
30: see سی
40: chehel چهل
50: panjāh پنجاه
60: shast شصت
70: haftād هفتاد
80: hashtād هشتاد
90: navad نود
100: sād صد
1,000: hezār هزار
10,000: dah-hezār ده هزار
100,000: sad hezār صد هزار
1,000,000: yek melyoon یک میلیون
Plus: be"alaave بعلاوه
Minus: menhā منها
More (than): beeshtaR az بيشتر از
Less (than): kamtaR az کمتر از
Approximately: taqReeban تقريباً
First aval اول
Second: doovom دوم
Third: sevom سوم

✨Time ✨

Sunday: yek shanbe یکشنبه
Monday: doshanbe دوشنبه
Tuesday seh shanbe سه شنبه
Wednesday: chehāreshenebeh چهارشنبه
Thursday: panj-shanbeh پنج شنبه
Friday: jom"e جمعه
Saturday: shanbe شنبه
Yesterday: deeRooz ديروز
Today: emRooz امروز
Tomorrow: faRdā فردا
Day: Rooz روز
Night: shab شب
Week: hafteh هفته
Month: maah ماه
Year: saal سال
Second: sāneeye ثانيه
Minute: daqeeqe دقيقه
Hour: sā"at ساعت
Morning: sobh صبح
Evening: "asR عصر
Noon: zohR ظهر
Noon: ba"ad az zohR بعد از ظهر
Midnight: nisfey shab نصفه شب
Now: hālā حالا
Later: ba"dan بعداً

✨Tips✨

In Persian, “mersi” is used to mean “thank you.”
Native speakers of Persian (self-named Farsi) use many words that come from English to refer to modern technology - computers, modems, radio, TV, etc. However, the pronunciation is slightly different from English.
Farsi differs the most in Iran. The Farsi spoken in Afghanistan will be perfectly understood by any Iranian. The difference between them is like between local dialects of the Russian language. The same applies to the difference between Farsi and Tajik, which is spoken in Tajikistan and, partly, in Uzbekistan. Dari is just another name for Farsi. The name of the language, by the way, comes from the root “dar”, which in Proto-Indo-European meant “door” (compare with Russian “door” and English “door”). In the case of Dari, this refers to the door of the royal palace - Dari was the language of the upper class of society.
Dari is a dialect of Persian spoken in Afghanistan, but there are still major differences between the two forms of the language.
Google Translate will help you translate something into Persian and also give you an idea of ​​how the word should be pronounced (click on the microphone icon on the side of the screen where the Farsi word is entered).

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