Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya briefly. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya Anatolyevna
Date of Birth:
Place of Birth:	Osino-Gai village, Tambov region, RSFSR, USSR
Date of death:
A place of death:	Petrishchevo village, Moscow region, RSFSR, USSR
Affiliation:
Type of army:	Intelligence service
Years of service:
	Red Army soldier
Battles/wars:	The Great Patriotic War
Awards and prizes:

Combat service

Captivity, torture and execution

Posthumous recognition of the feat

Post-Soviet press about Zoya

Monumental art

Fiction

Painting

Belarus

Kazakhstan

Moldova

Literature

Documentary film

(September 13, 1923, Osinovye Gai village, Tambov region - November 29, 1941, Petrishchevo) - Red Army soldier of the sabotage and reconnaissance group of the headquarters of the Western Front, abandoned in 1941 to the German rear. According to the official Soviet version, she was a partisan.

The first woman awarded the title Hero Soviet Union(posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War. It became a symbol of the heroism of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War. Her image is reflected in fiction, journalism, cinema, painting, monumental art, museum exhibitions.

Family

Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya was born on September 13, 1923 in the village of Osino-Gai (a village in various sources also called Osinov Gai or Osinovye Gai, which means “aspen grove”), Gavrilovsky district, Tambov region, in a family of teachers. The surname “Kozmodemyanskie” comes from the names of two saints revered by the people - Kozma and Demyan (Cosma and Damian), or from the city of Kozmodemyansk, Kazan province, named in their honor.

Zoya’s grandfather, the priest of the Znamenskaya Church in the village of Osino-Gai Pyotr Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, was captured by the Bolsheviks on the night of August 27, 1918 and, after cruel torture, was drowned in the Sosulinsky pond. His corpse was discovered only in the spring of 1919; the priest was buried next to the church, which was closed by the communists, despite complaints from believers and their letters to the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in 1927.

Zoya's father Anatoly studied at the theological seminary, but did not graduate from it; married local teacher Lyubov Churikova.

In 1929, the family ended up in Siberia. According to some statements, they were exiled for A. Kosmodemyansky’s speech against collectivization, but, according to the testimony of Lyubov Kosmodemyanskaya herself, published in 1986, they fled to Siberia to escape denunciation. For a year, the family lived in the village of Shitkino on Biryusa, but then managed to move to Moscow - perhaps thanks to the efforts of L. Kosmodemyanskaya’s sister, who served in the People’s Commissariat for Education. In the children's book “The Tale of Zoya and Shura,” L. Kosmodemyanskaya also reports that the move to Moscow occurred after a letter from sister Olga.

Zoya's father, Anatoly Kosmodemyansky, died in 1933 after intestinal surgery, and the children (Zoya and her younger brother Alexander) were left to be raised by their mother.

Zoya's brother - guard senior lieutenant Alexander Kosmodemyansky (27.7.1925 - 13.4.1945) - was the commander of a battery of self-propelled artillery units. He died during the assault on Vierbrudenkrug in Zemland and posthumously received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (1945).

Youth

At school, Zoya studied well, was especially interested in history and literature, and dreamed of entering the Literary Institute. In October 1938, Zoya joined the ranks of the Lenin Komsomol. However, relationships with classmates were not always the best in the best possible way- in 1938 she was elected Komsomol group organizer, but then was not re-elected. As a result, Zoya developed a “nervous disease.” According to the testimony of Lyubov Kosmodemyanskaya dated February 10, 1942:

In 1940, she suffered from acute meningitis, after which she underwent rehabilitation (in the winter of 1940) in a sanatorium for nervous diseases in Sokolniki, where she became friends with the writer Arkady Gaidar, who was also lying there. In the same year she graduated from 9th grade high school No. 201, despite a large number of classes missed due to illness.

M. Gorinov concludes:

Combat service

On October 31, 1941, Zoya, among 2,000 Komsomol volunteers, came to the gathering place at the Colosseum cinema and from there was taken to the sabotage school, becoming a fighter in the reconnaissance and sabotage unit, officially called the “partisan unit 9903 of the headquarters of the Western Front.” After a short training, Zoya as part of the group was transferred to the Volokolamsk area on November 4, where the group successfully completed the task (mining a road).

On November 17, the Supreme High Command Order No. 428 was issued, ordering the deprivation of “ the German army the opportunity to be located in villages and cities, drive the German invaders out of all populated areas into the cold in the field, smoke them out of all rooms and warm shelters and force them to freeze under open air ", for what purpose " destroy and burn to the ground all populated areas in the rear of German troops at a distance of 40-60 km in depth from the front edge and 20-30 km to the right and left of the roads».

In pursuance of this order, on November 18 (according to other sources - 20) the commanders of sabotage groups of unit No. 9903 P. S. Provorov (Zoya was included in his group) and B. S. Krainov were ordered to burn 10 settlements within 5-7 days , including the village of Petrishchevo (Vereysky district) (now Ruzsky district of the Moscow region). Having gone out on a mission together, both groups (10 people each) came under fire near the village of Golovkovo (10 km from Petrishchevo), suffered heavy losses and were partially scattered; their remnants united under the command of Boris Krainov.

On November 27 at 2 a.m., Boris Krainov, Vasily Klubkov and Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya set fire to three houses in Petrishchevo (residents of Karelova, Solntsev and Smirnov); At the same time, the Germans lost 20 horses.

What is known about the future is that Krainov did not wait for Zoya and Klubkov at the agreed upon meeting place and left, safely returning to his own people; Klubkov was captured by the Germans; Zoya, having missed her comrades and being left alone, decided to return to Petrishchevo and continue the arson. However, the Germans were already on their guard and gathered a meeting of local residents, at which they were ordered to guard their houses.

Captivity, torture and execution

With the onset of the evening of November 28, while trying to set fire to the barn of S. A. Sviridov (one of the guards appointed by the Germans), Kosmodemyanskaya was noticed by the owner. The Germans who were called by the latter seized the girl (at about 7 o'clock in the evening). Sviridov was awarded a bottle of vodka for this (later sentenced by the court to death). During interrogation, she identified herself as Tanya and did not say anything definite. Having stripped her naked, she was flogged with belts, then the guard assigned to her for 4 hours led her barefoot, in only her underwear, along the street in the cold. Local residents Solina and Smirnova (fire victims) also tried to join in the torture of Kosmodemyanskaya, throwing a pot of slop into Kosmodemyanskaya (Solina and Smirnova were subsequently sentenced to death).

Zoya’s fighting friend Klavdiya Miloradova recalls that during the identification of the corpse, there was dried blood on Zoya’s hands and there were no nails. A dead body does not bleed, which means Zoya’s nails were also torn out during torture.

At 10:30 the next morning, Kosmodemyanskaya was taken to the street where a gallows had already been erected; a sign was hung on her chest that read “House Arsonist.” When Kosmodemyanskaya was brought to the gallows, Smirnova hit her legs with a stick and shouted, “Who did you harm? She burned my house, but did nothing to the Germans..."

One of the witnesses describes the execution itself as follows:

They led her by the arms all the way to the gallows. She walked straight, with her head raised, silently, proudly. They brought him to the gallows. There were many Germans and civilians around the gallows. They brought her to the gallows, ordered her to expand the circle around the gallows and began to photograph her... She had a bag with bottles with her. She shouted: “Citizens! Don't stand there, don't look, but we need to help fight! This death of mine is my achievement.” After that, one officer swung his arms, and others shouted at her. Then she said: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it’s too late, surrender.” The officer shouted angrily: “Rus!” “The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated,” she said all this at the moment when she was photographed... Then they framed the box. She stood on the box herself without any command. A German came up and began to put on the noose. At that time she shouted: “No matter how much you hang us, you won’t hang us all, there are 170 million of us. But our comrades will avenge you for me.” She said this with a noose around her neck. She wanted to say something else, but at that moment the box was removed from under her feet, and she hung. She grabbed the rope with her hand, but the German hit her hands. After that everyone dispersed.

In the “Corpse Identification Act” dated February 4, 1942, carried out by a commission consisting of representatives of the Komsomol, officers of the Red Army, a representative of the RK CPSU (b), the village council and village residents, on the circumstances of the death, based on the testimony of eyewitnesses of the search, interrogation and execution, it was established that Komsomol member Z. A. Kosmodemyanskaya before her execution uttered the words of appeal: “Citizens! Don't stand there, don't look. We must help the Red Army fight, and for my death our comrades will take revenge on the German fascists. The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated." Addressing the German soldiers, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya said: “German soldiers! Before it's too late, surrender. No matter how much you hang us, you can’t hang us all, there are 170 million of us.”

The photographs of Zoe's execution shown here were found in the possession of one of the killed Wehrmacht soldiers.

Kosmodemyanskaya’s body hung on the gallows for about a month, repeatedly being abused by German soldiers passing through the village. On New Year's Day 1942, drunken Germans tore off the hanged clothes and Once again They violated the body, stabbing it with knives and cutting off its chest. The next day, the Germans gave the order to remove the gallows, and the body was buried by local residents outside the village.

Subsequently, Kosmodemyanskaya was reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

There is a widespread version (in particular, it was mentioned in the film “The Battle of Moscow”), according to which, having learned about the execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, I. Stalin ordered the soldiers and officers of the 332nd Wehrmacht Infantry Regiment not to be taken prisoner, but only to be shot. It was reported that the regiment commander, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer, was captured by front-line security officers, convicted and later executed by court verdict, and according to other sources, died in 1960.

Posthumous recognition of the feat

Zoya’s fate became widely known from the article “Tanya” by Pyotr Lidov, published in the newspaper Pravda on January 27, 1942. The author accidentally heard about the execution in Petrishchevo from a witness - an elderly peasant who was shocked by the courage of the unknown girl: “They hanged her, and she spoke a speech. They hanged her, and she kept threatening them...” Lidov went to Petrishchevo, questioned the residents in detail and published an article based on their questions. Her identity was soon established, as reported by Pravda in Lidov’s February 18 article “Who Was Tanya”; even earlier, on February 16, a decree was signed awarding her the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously).

During and after perestroika, in the wake of anti-communist criticism, new information about Zoya. As a rule, it was based on rumors, not always accurate memories of eyewitnesses, and in some cases - on speculation, which, however, was inevitable in a situation where documentary information contradicting the official “myth” continued to be kept secret or was just was declassified. M. M. Gorinov wrote about these publications that in them “reflected some facts of the biography of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which were hushed up in Soviet time, but were reflected as if in a distorting mirror - in a monstrously distorted form".

Sociologist S.G. Kara-Murza describes what is happening this way: “...I gave a lecture in Brazil to a society of psychologists. They set the topic: “Technology for destroying images during perestroika.” I told facts, cited excerpts from newspapers. And the listeners understood the meaning better than me. They were especially interested in the campaign to discredit Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. I was asked surprisingly precise questions about who Zoya was, what kind of family she had, what she looked like, what was the essence of her feat. And then they explained why it was her image that had to be ruined - after all, there were many other heroines. But the fact is that she was a martyr who, at the time of her death, did not have the consolation of military success (like, say, Liza Chaikina). And the popular consciousness, regardless of official propaganda, chose her and included her in the pantheon of holy martyrs. And her image, having separated from the real biography, began to serve as one of the pillars of the self-awareness of our people.” Some publications claimed that Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya suffered from schizophrenia. It was also suggested that in fact the feat was allegedly accomplished not by Zoya, but by another Komsomol saboteur, Lilya Azolina.

Version about the betrayal of Vasily Klubkov

IN last years there is a version that Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was betrayed by her squad comrade, Komsomol organizer Vasily Klubkov. It is based on materials from the Klubkov case, declassified and published in the Izvestia newspaper in 2000. Klubkov, who reported to his unit at the beginning of 1942, stated that he was captured by the Germans, escaped, was captured again, escaped again and managed to get to his own. However, during interrogations he changed his testimony and stated that he was captured along with Zoya and handed her over, after which he agreed to cooperate with the Germans, was trained at an intelligence school and was sent on an intelligence mission.

Could you please clarify the circumstances under which you were captured? Approaching the house I had identified, I broke the bottle with “KS” and threw it, but it did not catch fire. At this time, I saw two German sentries not far from me and, showing cowardice, ran away into the forest, located 300 meters from the village. As soon as I ran into the forest, two German soldiers pounced on me, took away my revolver with cartridges, bags with five bottles of “KS” and a bag with food supplies, among which was also a liter of vodka. What evidence did you give to the German army officer? As soon as I was handed over to the officer, I showed cowardice and said that only three of us had come, naming the names of Krainev and Kosmodemyanskaya. The officer gave it to German some kind of order to the German soldiers, they quickly left the house and a few minutes later they brought Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. I don’t know whether they detained Krainev. Were you present during the interrogation of Kosmodemyanskaya? Yes, I was present. The officer asked her how she set the village on fire. She replied that she did not set the village on fire. After this, the officer began beating Zoya and demanded testimony, but she categorically refused to give one. In her presence, I showed the officer that it was indeed Kosmodemyanskaya Zoya, who arrived with me in the village to carry out acts of sabotage, and that she set fire to the southern outskirts of the village. Kosmodemyanskaya did not answer the officer’s questions after that. Seeing that Zoya was silent, several officers stripped her naked and severely beat her with rubber truncheons for 2-3 hours, extracting her testimony. Kosmodemyanskaya told the officers: “Kill me, I won’t tell you anything.” After which she was taken away, and I never saw her again.

Klubkov was shot for treason on April 16, 1942. His testimony, as well as the very fact of his presence in the village during Zoya’s interrogation, is not confirmed in other sources. In addition, Klubkov’s testimony is confused and contradictory: he either says that Zoya mentioned his name during interrogation by the Germans, or says that she did not; declares that he did not know Zoya’s last name, and then claims that he called her by her first and last name, etc. He even calls the village where Zoya died not Petrishchevo, but “Ashes.”

Researcher M. M. Gorinov suggests that Klubkov was forced to incriminate himself either for career reasons (in order to receive his share of dividends from the unfolding propaganda campaign around Zoya), or for propaganda reasons (to “justify” Zoya’s capture, which was unworthy, according to the ideology of that time, Soviet fighter). However, the version of betrayal was never put into propaganda circulation.

Awards

• Medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union (February 16, 1942) and the Order of Lenin (posthumously).

Memory

Museums

• A museum in the village of Petrishchevo, on the site of the feat and execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, where a rich exhibition is presented.
• In the village of Osino-Gai, Tambov region, Gavrilovsky district, the Museum of Military-Historical Glory of the Heroes of the Soviet Union Zoya, Alexander Kosmodemyansky and Stepan Perekalsky (opened on January 31, 1969), is part of the Osino-Gaisky branch named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya MBOU 2-Gavrilovskaya Secondary Educational Institution schools.
• In school No. 201 (now gymnasium No. 201 named after Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky) in Moscow there is a museum of the history of the school and the Kosmodemyansky family.
• At school 381 in Leningrad, located on Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street.
• Borshchevka, Tambov region - Borshchevsky works historical Museum named after Hero of the Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (branch of the Tambov Regional Museum of Local Lore on a voluntary basis).
• Germany, city of Ederitz, Halle district - museum named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya.
• House-museum of Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky in the village of Shitkino, Taishet district, Irkutsk region.

Monumental art

Fiction

• Margarita Aliger dedicated the poem “Zoya” to Zoya. In 1943, the poem was awarded the Stalin Prize.
• Lyubov Timofeevna Kosmodemyanskaya published “The Tale of Zoya and Shura.” Literary record of Frida Vigdorova.
• Soviet writer Vyacheslav Kovalevsky created a dilogy about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The first part, the story “Brother and Sister,” describes the school years of Zoya and Shura Kosmodemyansky. The story "Don't be afraid of death!" dedicated to Zoya's activities in harsh years Great Patriotic War,
• The Chuvash poet Pyotr Khuzangay, the Turkish poet Nazym Hikmet and the Chinese poet Ai Qing dedicated poems to Zoya.
• Poems - A.L. Barto (“Partisan Tanya”, “At the Zoya Monument”), Robert Rozhdestvensky, Yulia Drunina, other Soviet poets.

Music

• Music by Dmitri Shostakovich for the 1944 film Zoya by Leo Arnstam.
• “Song about Tanya the Partisan”, lyrics by M. Kremer, music by V. Zhelobinsky.
• One-act opera “Tanya” by V. Dekhterev (1943).
• Orchestral suite “Zoya” (1955) and opera “Zoya” (1963) by N. Makarova.
• Ballet “Tatyana” by A. Crane (1943).
• Musical and dramatic poem “Zoya” by V. Yurovsky, lyrics by M. Aliger.
• “Song about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya”, words by P. Gradov, music by Y. Milyutin.

Painting

• Kukryniksy. "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya" (1942-1947)
• Dmitry Mochalsky “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya”
• K. N. Shchekotov “The Last Night (Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya).” 1948-1949. Canvas, oil. 182x170. OOMII named after. M. A. Vrubel. Omsk.

Movies

• Zoya is a 1944 film directed by Leo Arnstam.
• “In the Name of Life” is a 1946 film directed by Alexander Zarkhi and Joseph Kheifits. (There is an episode in this film where the actress plays the role of Zoya in the theater.)
• “The Great Patriotic War”, film 4. “Partisans. War behind enemy lines."
• “Battle for Moscow” is a 1985 film directed by Yuri Ozerov.

Streets

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street- names of streets in various localities of the states former USSR, appropriated in memory of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941).

Belarus

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Baranovichi.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Gomel.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Orsha.

Kazakhstan

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Aktobe.

Moldova

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Bendery.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Novi Aneny.

Russia

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Azov.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Angarsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Vladivostok.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Vladikavkaz.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Voronezh.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Gusev.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Dankov.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Yekaterinburg.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Kazan.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Kovrov.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Krymsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Lipetsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Makhachkala.
• Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky Street is a street in Moscow.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Murmansk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Naberezhnye Chelny.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Novokuznetsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Novomoskovsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Novosibirsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Orel.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Perm.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Rybinsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Salavat.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Samara.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in St. Petersburg.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Saratov.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Severodvinsk on Yagry Island.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Syktyvkar.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Taganrog.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Tambov.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Tver.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Tolyatti.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Tyumen.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Tula.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Ulyanovsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Ust-Labinsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Ufa.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Yaroslavl.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Yasnogorsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya street - a street in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky

Ukraine

• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Vinnitsa.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Dnepropetrovsk.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Zaporozhye.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Kyiv.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Korosten.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in Odessa.
• Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is a street in the city of Poltava.

Other

Many objects were named in honor of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya:

• asteroids No. 1793 “Zoya” and No. 2072 “Kosmodemyanskaya” (according to official version named after Lyubov Timofeevna Kosmodemyanskaya - mother of Zoya and Sasha)
• Peak in Zailiysky Alatau 4108 meters
• the village of Kosmodemyansky in the Moscow region, Ruzsky district, and the Kosmodemyansk secondary school.
• In Vorkuta, school No. 85 was named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (today liquidated)
• schools, a ship of the Ministry of the Navy, a tanker.
• In Dnepropetrovsk there is an eight-year school No. 48 (now secondary school No. 48). Singer Joseph Kobzon, poets Igor Puppo and Oleg Klimov studied at this school.
• electric train ED2T-0041 (assigned to the Aleksandrov depot).
• pioneer camp in Estonia, Ida, Virumaa county, on the Kurtna lakes.
• children's libraries in Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk.
• tank regiment of the National people's army GDR.
• Kid `s camp named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in the city of Kamensk-Shakhtinsky, on the Seversky Donets River.
• In Moscow, near the Voikovskaya and Koptevo metro stations, there is Zoya and Alexandra Kosmodemyanskikh Street
• camp named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya on the shore of Lake Turgoyak in the Chelyabinsk region.
• IN Nizhny Novgorod, school No. 37 of the Avtozavodsky district, there is a children's association “Schools”, created in honor of Z. A. Kosmodemyanskaya. School students hold ceremonial celebrations on Zoya's birthday and death day.
• In memory of the formation of the partisan reconnaissance unit 9903, which included Heroes of the Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Elena Kolesova, Nikita Dronov, Grigory Linkov and Ivan Banov, a memorial plaque was unveiled on the MPEI building.
• summer health camp named after. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in the vicinity of Ust-Kamenogorsk (Kazakhstan).

Literature

• Great Soviet Encyclopedia. In 30 volumes. - M.: Soviet encyclopedia, hardcover, 18240 pp., circulation: 600,000 copies, 1970.
• Folk heroine. (Collection of materials about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya) - M., 1943.
• Kosmodemyanskaya L. T. The story of Zoya and Shura.

Publisher: Lenizdat, 232 pp., circulation: 75,000 copies. 1951.

Publisher: Children's Literature Publishing House, hardcover, 208 pp., circulation: 200,000 copies, 1956.

Publisher: Children's Literature. Moscow, hardcover, 208 pp., circulation: 300,000 copies, 1976.

Publisher: Lenizdat, paperback, 272 pp., circulation: 200,000 copies, 1974.

Publisher: Narodnaya Asveta, hardcover, 206 pp., circulation: 300,000 copies, 1978.

Publisher: Lenizdat, paperback, 256 pp., circulation: 200,000 copies, 1984.

• Gorinov M. M. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (1923-1941) // National history . - 2003.
• Savinov E. F. Zoya's comrades: Doc. feature article. - Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl book. ed., 1958. - 104 p.: ill. [About the combat work of the partisan detachment in which Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya fought.]
• You remained alive among the people...: A book about Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya / Compiled by: Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation Valentina Dorozhkina, Honored Worker of Culture of the Russian Federation Ivan Ovsyannikov. Photos of Alexey and Boris Ladygin, Anatoly Alekseev, as well as from the collections of the Osinogaevsky and Borshchevsky museums.. - Collection of articles and essays. - Tambov: Tambovpoligraphizdat, 2003. - 180 p.

Documentary film

• “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The truth about the feat" (Russia, 2008)
• “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The truth about the feat" "Studio Third Rome" commissioned by State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company "Russia", 2005.
• “Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. Difficult decision" A. A. Menyailov 2012

Booker Igor 12/02/2013 at 19:00

From time to time, attempts are made to denigrate the feat of truly folk heroes Soviet era. The selfless 18-year-old Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya did not escape this fate. How many buckets of dirt were poured on it in the early 90s, but time has washed away this foam too. These days, 72 years ago, Zoya died the death of a martyr, sacredly believing in her Motherland and its future.

Is it possible to defeat a people who, retreating, leave the enemy scorched earth? Is it possible to bring people to their knees if women and children, unarmed, are ready to rip the throat of a hefty fellow? To defeat such heroes, you need to try to make sure that they no longer exist. And there are two ways - forced sterilization of mothers or castration of the people's memory. When the enemy came to Holy Rus', he was always opposed by people of High Faith. IN different years she changed the outer coverings, for a long time inspiring the Christ-loving army, and then fought under red flags.

It is significant that the first woman who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War was born into a family of hereditary priests. Zoya Anatolyevna wore the usual one for Orthodox clergy surname Kozmodemyanskaya. The surname owes its origin to the holy miracle-working brothers Cosmas and Damian. Among the Russian people, the unmercenary Greeks were quickly remade in their own way: Kozma or Kuzma and Damian. Hence the surname they bore Orthodox priests. Zoya’s grandfather, the priest of the Znamenskaya Church in the Tambov village of Osino-Gai, Pyotr Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, was drowned by the Bolsheviks in a local pond in the summer of 1918 after severe torture. Already in Soviet years The usual spelling of the surname - Kosmodemyansky - has also become established. The son of a martyr priest and the father of the future heroine, Anatoly Petrovich, first studied at the theological seminary, but was forced to leave it.

Name: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

Age: 18 years

Activity: intelligence officer, Hero of the Soviet Union

Family status: wasn't married

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya: biography

On January 27, 1942, the Pravda newspaper published an article by Pyotr Lidov “Tanya”. The essay told about the heroic death of a young Komsomol member, a partisan who called herself Tanya during torture. The girl was captured by the Germans and hanged in the square in the village of Petrishchev, in the Moscow region. Later we managed to establish the name: it turned out to be Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. The girl named herself Tanya in memory of her idol, hero Civil War Tatyana Solomakha.

Hero of the Soviet Union Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya

More than one generation of Soviet youth grew up following the example of the courage, dedication and heroism of young people such as Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who gave their lives in the fight against the fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War. The guys knew that they would most likely die. They don't need fame - they saved their homeland. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya became the first woman to receive the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War.

Childhood

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was born on September 13, 1923 in the village of Osinov Gai, Gavrilovsky district, Tambov region. Mother Lyubov Timofeevna (nee Churikova) and father Anatoly Petrovich worked school teachers.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya (second from right) with her parents and brother

Lyubov's father studied at the Theological Seminary for some time. He grew up in the family of the priest Peter Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, who served in the church in the village of Osinov Gai. In the summer of 1918, the priest was captured and tortured to death by the Bolsheviks for helping counter-revolutionaries. The body was found only six months later. The priest was buried near the walls of the Church of the Sign, in which he conducted services.

Zoya’s family lived in the village until 1929, and then, fleeing denunciation, they moved to Siberia, to the village of Shitkino, Irkutsk region. The family lived there for a little over a year. In 1930, the elder sister Olga, who worked in the People's Commissariat for Education, helped the Kosmodemyanskys move to Moscow. In Moscow, the family lived on the outskirts, near Podmoskovnaya station, in the area of ​​Timiryazevsky Park. Since 1933, after the death of her father (the girl’s father died after an intestinal operation), Zoya and her younger brother Sasha were left alone with their mother.

Zoya and Sasha Kosmodemyansky

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya graduated from 9 classes of school 201 (now gymnasium No. 201 named after Zoya and Alexander Kosmodemyansky) in Moscow. I studied with excellent marks; She loved history and literature and dreamed of entering the Literary Institute. Due to its direct nature it was difficult to find mutual language with peers.

Since 1939, according to her mother’s recollections, Zoya suffered from a nervous illness. At the end of 1940, Zoya fell ill with acute meningitis. In the winter of 1941, after a difficult recovery, she went to Sokolniki, to a sanatorium for people with nervous diseases, to regain her strength. There I met and became friends with a writer.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya in a sanatorium in Sokolniki

Zoya’s plans for the future, like those of her peers, were prevented by the war. On October 31, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, together with 2,000 Komsomol volunteers, came to the recruiting center located in the Colosseum cinema, from where she went for pre-combat training to a sabotage school. The recruitment was made from yesterday's schoolchildren. Preference was given to athletes: nimble, strong, resilient, able to withstand heavy loads (these were also called “all-terrain people”).

Upon entering school, recruits were warned that up to 5% of sabotage work would survive. Most of the partisans die after being captured by the Germans while carrying out shuttle raids behind enemy lines.

After training, Zoya became a member of the reconnaissance and sabotage unit of the Western Front and was thrown behind enemy lines. Zoya's first combat mission was completed successfully. She, as part of a subversive group, mined a road near Volokolamsk.

Feat of Kosmodemyanskaya

Kosmodemyanskaya received a new combat mission, in which short terms The partisans were ordered to burn the villages of Anashkino, Gribtsovo, Petrishchevo, Usadkovo, Ilyatino, Gracheve, Pushkino, Mikhailovskoye, Bugailovo, Korovine. The fighters were given several bottles of Molotov cocktail to blow them up. Such tasks were given to the partisans in accordance with Order No. 0428 of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief. This was a “scorched earth” policy: the enemy was conducting an active offensive on all fronts, and in order to slow down the advance, vital objects were destroyed along the route.

The village of Petrishchevo, where Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya died

According to many, these were very cruel and unreasonable actions, but this was required in the realities of that terrible war- The Germans were rapidly approaching Moscow. November 21, 1941, the day the reconnaissance saboteurs went on a mission, the troops western front fought heavy battles in the Stalinogorsk direction, in the area of ​​Volokolamsk, Mozhaisk, Tikhoretsk.

To complete the task, two groups of 10 people were allocated: the group of B. S. Krainov (19 years old) and P. S. Provorov (18 years old), which included Kosmodemyanskaya. Near the village of Golovkovo, both groups were ambushed and suffered losses: some of the saboteurs were killed, and some of the partisans were captured. The remaining fighters united and, under the command of Krainov, continued the operation.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was captured near this barn

On the night of November 27, 1941, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, together with Boris Krainov and Vasily Klubkov, set fire in Petrishchevo (this village acted as a transport interchange for the Germans) three houses in which a communications center was located, and the Germans were quartered before being sent to the front. She also destroyed 20 horses intended for transportation.

To further carry out the task, the partisans gathered at the agreed place, but Krainov did not wait for his own and returned to the camp. Klubkov was captured by the Germans. Zoya decided to continue the task alone.

Captivity and torture

On November 28, after dark, a young partisan tried to set fire to the barn of the elder Sviridov, who provided lodging for the fascists for the night, but was noticed. Sviridov raised the alarm. The Germans rushed in and arrested the girl. During the arrest, Zoya did not shoot. Before the mission, she gave the weapon to her friend, Klavdia Miloradova, who was the first to leave for the mission. Claudia's gun was faulty, so Zoe gave her a more reliable weapon.

From the testimony of residents of the village of Petrishchevo Vasily and Praskovya Kulik, to whose house Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was brought, it is known that the interrogation was conducted by three German officers with an interpreter. They stripped her and flogged her with belts, and led her naked in the cold. According to witnesses, the Germans were unable to extract information about the partisans from the girl, even through inhuman torture. The only thing she said was to call herself Tanya.

Witnesses testified that local residents A.V. Smirnova and F.V. Solina, whose houses were damaged by arson by partisans, also took part in the torture. Later they were sentenced to death under Article 193 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR for collaborating with the Nazis during the war.

Execution

On the morning of November 29, 1941, Komsomol member Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, beaten and with frostbitten feet, was taken out into the street. The Germans had already prepared a gallows there. A sign was hung on the girl’s chest, on which it was written in Russian and German: “Arsonist of houses.” Many Germans and locals gathered to watch the spectacle. The Nazis took photographs. At this moment the girl shouted:

“Citizens! Don't stand there, don't look. We must help the Red Army fight, and for my death our comrades will take revenge on the German fascists. The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated."

It is incredible courage to stand on the edge of the grave and, without thinking about death, call for selflessness. At that moment, when they put the noose around Zoe’s neck, she shouted the words that have become legendary:

“No matter how much you hang us, you won’t hang us all, there are 170 million of us. But our comrades will avenge you for me.”

Zoya didn’t have time to say anything more.

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was hanged

The hanged Komsomol member was not removed from the gallows for another month. The fascists passing through the village continued to mock the tortured body. On New Year's Eve 1942, Zoe's body, cut with knives, naked, with her breasts cut off, was removed from the gallows and the villagers were allowed to bury it. Later, when the Soviet land was cleared of fascists, the ashes of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Confession

Young Komsomol member - a symbol of the era, an example of heroism Soviet people demonstrated in the fight against fascist invaders during the Great Patriotic War.

However, information about the partisan movement of that time was classified for decades. This is due to military orders and methods of execution, which, in the simple opinion of the average person, are too cruel. And understatement leads to all sorts of conjectures, and even simply to insinuations from “historical critics.”

So, articles appear in the press about Kosmodemyanskaya’s schizophrenia - supposedly another girl accomplished the feat. However, the irrefutable fact is that the commission, consisting of representatives of Red Army officers, representatives of the Komsomol, a member of the Revolutionary Committee of the All-Russian Red Cross (b), witnesses from the village council and village residents, upon identification, confirmed that the corpse of the executed girl belongs to Muscovite Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, which is noted in the act dated February 4, 1942. Today there is no doubt about it.

Tank with the inscription "Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya"

Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya’s comrades also died as heroes: Tamara Makhinko (crashed during landing), sisters Nina and Zoya Suvorov (died in the battle near Sukhinichi), Masha Golovotyukova (a grenade exploded in her hands). Zoya's younger brother Sasha also died heroically. Alexander Kosmodemyansky, 17 years old, went to the front after learning about the heroic death of his sister. The tank with the inscription “For Zoya” on the side went through many battles. Alexander fought heroically almost until the very end of the war. He died in the battle for a stronghold in the town of Vierbrudenkrug, near Königsberg. Awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Memory

The image of the heroine Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya has found widespread use in monumental art. Museums, monuments, busts - reminders of the young girl's courage and dedication are still visible.

Streets in the post-Soviet space were named in memory of Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya. Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya Street is located in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Moldova and Ukraine.

Other objects were named after the partisan saboteur: pioneer camps named after Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, schools and others educational institutions, library, asteroid, electric locomotive, tank regiment, ship, village, peak in the Trans-Ili Alatau and BT-5 tank.

The execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya is also depicted in works of art. The most recognizable works belong to the artist Dmitry Mochalsky and the creative team “Kukryniksy”.

In honor of Zoya they composed poems, and. In 1943, Margarita Aliger was awarded the Stalin Prize for dedicating her poem “Zoya” to Kosmodemyanskaya. Tragic fate The girls were also touched by foreign authors - the Turkish poet Nazim Hikmet and the Chinese poet Ai Qing.

The Nazis beat and tortured
Kicked out barefoot into the cold,
My hands were tied with ropes,
The interrogation lasted for five hours.
There are scars and abrasions on your face,
But silence is the answer to the enemy.
Wooden platform with crossbar,
You are standing barefoot in the snow.
A young voice sounds over the fire,
Above the silence of a frosty day:
- I’m not afraid to die, comrades,
My people will avenge me!
Agniya Barto

For the first time, the fate of Zoya became widely known from the essay “Tanya” by Pyotr Aleksandrovich Lidov, published in the newspaper “Pravda” on January 27, 1942 and telling about the execution by the Nazis in the village of Petrishchevo near Moscow of a partisan girl who called herself Tanya during interrogation. A photograph was published next to it: a mutilated female body with a rope around her neck. At that time, the real name of the deceased was not yet known. Simultaneously with the publication in Pravda, Komsomolskaya Pravda published Sergei Lyubimov’s material “We will not forget you, Tanya.”

We had a cult of the feat of “Tanya” (Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya) and it firmly entered the ancestral memory of the people. Comrade Stalin personally introduced this cult. On February 16, 1942, she was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union posthumously. And Lidov’s continuation article, “Who Was Tanya,” was published only two days later, on February 18, 1942. Then the whole country learned the real name of the girl killed by the Nazis: Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya, a tenth grade student at school No. 201 in the Oktyabrsky district of Moscow. Her school friends recognized her from the photograph that accompanied Lidov’s first essay.

“In early December 1941 in Petrishchevo, near the city of Vereya,– wrote Lidov, – The Germans executed an eighteen-year-old Muscovite Komsomol member who called herself Tatyana... She died in enemy captivity on a fascist rack, without making a single sound, without betraying her suffering, without betraying her comrades. She accepted martyrdom as a heroine, as a daughter of a great people that no one can ever break! May her memory live forever!”

During the interrogation, a German officer, according to Lidov, asked an eighteen-year-old girl main question: “Tell me, where is Stalin?” “Stalin is at his post,” Tatyana answered. In the newspaper Glasnost. On September 24, 1997, in the material of professor-historian Ivan Osadchy, under the heading “Her name and her feat are immortal,” an act drawn up in the village of Petrishchevo on January 25, 1942 was published:

“We, the undersigned, a commission consisting of: Chairman of the Gribtsovsky Village Council Mikhail Ivanovich Berezin, Secretary Klavdiya Prokofyevna Strukova, collective farmers-eyewitnesses of the collective farm “8th of March” - Vasily Alexandrovich Kulik and Evdokia Petrovna Voronina - drew up this act as follows: During the occupation Vereisky district, a girl who called herself Tanya was hanged by German soldiers in the village of Petrishchevo. Later it turned out that it was a partisan girl from Moscow - Zoya Anatolyevna Kosmodemyanskaya, born in 1923. German soldiers caught her while she was on a combat mission, setting fire to a stable containing more than 300 horses. The German sentry grabbed her from behind, and she did not have time to shoot.

She was taken to the house of Maria Ivanovna Sedova, undressed and interrogated. But there was no need to get any information from her. After interrogation by Sedova, barefoot and undressed, she was taken to Voronina’s house, where the headquarters was located. There they continued to interrogate, but she answered all questions: “No! Don't know!". Having achieved nothing, the officer ordered that they start beating her with belts. The housewife, who was forced onto the stove, counted about 200 blows. She didn't scream or even utter a single moan. And after this torture she answered again: “No! I will not say! Don't know!"

She was taken out of Voronina's house; She walked, stepping bare feet in the snow, and was brought to Kulik’s house. Exhausted and tormented, she was surrounded by enemies. German soldiers mocked her in every possible way. She asked for a drink - the German brought her a lighted lamp. And someone ran a saw across her back. Then all the soldiers left, only one sentry remained. Her hands were tied back. My feet are frostbitten. The guard ordered her to get up and led her out into the street under his rifle. And again she walked, stepping barefoot in the snow, and drove until she froze. The guards changed after 15 minutes. And so they continued to lead her along the street the whole night.

P.Ya. Kulik (maiden name Petrushin, 33 years old) says:

“They brought her in and sat her on a bench, and she gasped. Her lips were black, baked black, and her face was swollen on her forehead. She asked my husband for a drink. We asked: “Can I?” They said, “No,” and one of them, instead of water, raised a burning kerosene lamp without glass to his chin.

When I talked to her, she told me: “Victory is still ours. Let them shoot me, let these monsters mock me, but still they won’t shoot us all. There are still 170 million of us, the Russian people have always won, and now victory will be ours.”

The next morning they brought her to the gallows and began to photograph her... She shouted: “Citizens! Don’t stand there, don’t look, but we need to help fight!” After that, one officer swung his arms, and others shouted at her.

Then she said: “Comrades, victory will be ours. German soldiers, before it’s too late, surrender.” The officer shouted angrily: “Rus!” “The Soviet Union is invincible and will not be defeated,” she said all this at the moment when she was photographed...

Then they set up the box. She stood on the box herself without any command. A German came up and began to put on the noose. At that time she shouted: “No matter how much you hang us, you won’t hang us all, there are 170 million of us. But our comrades will avenge you for me.” She said this with a noose around her neck.” A few seconds before death, a moment before Eternity, she announced, with a noose around her neck, the verdict of the Soviet people: “Stalin is with us! Stalin will come!

In the morning they built a gallows, gathered the population and publicly hanged him. But they continued to mock the hanged woman. Her left breast was cut off and her legs were cut with knives.

When our troops drove the Germans away from Moscow, they hastened to remove Zoya’s body and bury it outside the village; they burned the gallows at night, as if wanting to hide the traces of their crime. She was hanged in early December 1941. This is what the present act was drawn up for.”

And a little later, photographs found in the pocket of a murdered German were brought to the Pravda editorial office. 5 photographs captured the moments of the execution of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya. At the same time, another essay by Pyotr Lidov appeared, dedicated to the feat of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, under the title “5 photographs.”

Why did the young intelligence officer call herself by this name (or the name “Taon”) and why was it her feat that Comrade Stalin singled out? Indeed, at the same time, many Soviet people committed no less heroic deeds. For example, on the same day, November 29, 1942, in the same Moscow region, partisan Vera Voloshina was executed, for her feat she was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1966) and the title of Hero of Russia (1994).

To successfully mobilize the entire Soviet people, Russian civilization, Stalin used the language of symbols and those triggering moments that could extract a layer of heroic victories from the ancestral memory of the Russians. We remember the famous speech at the parade on November 7, 1941, in which the great Russian commanders and the national liberation wars, in which we invariably emerged victorious, were mentioned. Thus, parallels were drawn between the victories of our ancestors and the current inevitable Victory. The surname Kosmodemyanskaya comes from the consecrated names of two Russian heroes - Kozma and Demyan. In the city of Murom there is a church named after them, erected by order of Ivan the Terrible.

Ivan the Terrible’s tent once stood on that spot, and Kuznetsky Posad was located nearby. The king was wondering how to cross the Oka, on the other bank of which there was an enemy camp. Then two blacksmith brothers, whose names were Kozma and Demyan, appeared in the tent and offered their help to the king. At night, in the dark, the brothers quietly crept into the enemy camp and set fire to the khan’s tent. While they were putting out the fire in the camp and looking for spies, the troops of Ivan the Terrible, taking advantage of the commotion in the enemy camp, crossed the river. Demyan and Kozma died, and in their honor a church was built and named after the heroes.

Writer Alexei Menyailov in the book “Stalin: Secrets of the Valkyrie” gives his version of the pseudonym Zoya:

“...why did Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, calling herself by the fictitious name “Tanya,” refuse to give her last name? It is logical to give a surname, also fictitious, or not to give any name. False name, fictitious last name. Why is there no logic?

Or is there some other logic - in the spirit of that heroic time?

A German translator translated during the interrogation. And this German patriot could not make out whether she said “Tanya” or said “Taon”. And they, like those who scolded Stalin, did not know who Taon was. Taon is the name with which Gadfly signed his feuilletons... And “Gadfly” - this book is an attempt to restore the ideas of the Spirit.

An attentive reader of The Gadfly will notice a strange thing: Arthur, when signing the feuilletons, did not sign in the language in which the feuilleton was written. He either drew a gadfly or wrote Le Taon in French...

... Whatever one may say, Tanya could only do one thing: expose the evil spirits, remind him that full-fledged people have a conscience, there is a meaning to life, there is an Ancient Homeland. But people are already killed for such accusations.”

It seems that Stalin, knowing about Tanya’s feat, that is, knowing about the completely inadequate atrocities of the Germans not only from newspaper reports, but from some other reports, highlighted her feat as one of the main ones in Russia and the USSR, precisely because Tanya committed real feat.

In ways historical research We are unable to restore the full meaning of the events around the Hero. It is only clear that Tanya was a Hero. It is also clear that the War had a subtle level.

No matter how hard the fascists tried to cover up their tracks, they failed, and these photographs played a cruel joke on the fascists. Having learned about the atrocities of the fascists of the 332nd regiment of the 197th division of the Wehrmacht, Stalin gave instructions to destroy all non-humans involved in the death of the Komsomol member like rabid dogs.

The first thunder of retribution struck on December 6, 1941. The first formidable avengers, after our scouts and demolitions, who kept the division at bay in October and November, were the soldiers of the 5th Army, who defeated the advanced units of the 197th German division in the Minsk Highway area.

Then - almost two years later - the thunder of retribution struck again. The reformed, replenished division was again thrown into the front-line heat, and in one of the fierce battles in October 1943, not so far from Petrishchev - near Lomonosova and Potapov in the Smolensk region - it was defeated by the glorious Yaroslavl Order of Suvorov and Bogdan Khmelnitsky 234th Infantry Division. Zoya was briefly outlived by her chief executioner, Lieutenant Colonel Rüderer.

This is what Major Dolin, a correspondent for the Kalinin Front newspaper “Forward to the Enemy,” wrote on October 5, 1943:

“Several months ago, the 332nd German infantry wolf, whose soldiers and officers brutally tortured Zoya, was noted on one section of our front. Having learned that the regiment of the executioner Rüderer, who executed Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, was standing in front of them, the soldiers vowed not to leave a single soldier from this damned regiment alive. In the battles near Verdin, the German 332nd Infantry Regiment was completely defeated."

There is one more point in this feat. Zoya’s brother, tank lieutenant Alexander Kosmodemyansky, also took part in the battles against the 197th Wehrmacht Division. “In the last battle, the crew of the KV tank under the command of Alexander Kosmodemyansky was the first to break into enemy defenses, shooting and crushing the Nazis with its tracks.”– Major Vershinin wrote to the Red Army newspaper “Let’s Destroy the Enemy.”

As a result, in one family, both children accomplish feats and are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union! Streets were named after Heroes in the USSR. Normally there would be two streets named after each Hero. But in Moscow, one street, and not by chance, received a “double” name - Zoya and Alexandra Kosmodemyansky.

In 1944, the film “Zoya” was shot, which received an award for best scenario. Also, the film “Zoya” was awarded the Stalin Prize, 1st degree, received by Leo Arnshtam (director), Galina Vodyanitskaya (performer of the role of Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya) and Alexander Shelenkov (cinematographer).

“She died in enemy captivity on a fascist rack, without making a single sound, without betraying her suffering, without betraying her comrades. She accepted martyrdom as a heroine, as the daughter of a great people that no one can ever break!
May her memory live forever!”

Booker Igor 12/02/2013 at 19:00

From time to time, attempts are made to denigrate the feat of truly national heroes of the Soviet era. The selfless 18-year-old Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya did not escape this fate. How many buckets of dirt were poured on it in the early 90s, but time has washed away this foam too. These days, 72 years ago, Zoya died the death of a martyr, sacredly believing in her Motherland and its future.

Is it possible to defeat a people who, retreating, leave the enemy scorched earth? Is it possible to bring people to their knees if women and children, unarmed, are ready to rip the throat of a hefty fellow? To defeat such heroes, you need to try to make sure that they no longer exist. And there are two ways - forced sterilization of mothers or castration of the people's memory. When the enemy came to Holy Rus', he was always opposed by people of High Faith. Over the years, she changed her outer covers, inspiring the Christ-loving army for a long time, and then fought under the red flags.

It is significant that the first woman who was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (posthumously) during the Great Patriotic War was born into a family of hereditary priests. Zoya Anatolyevna bore the surname Kozmodemyanskaya, common for Orthodox clergy. The surname owes its origin to the holy miracle-working brothers Cosmas and Damian. Among the Russian people, the unmercenary Greeks were quickly remade in their own way: Kozma or Kuzma and Damian. Hence the surname that Orthodox priests bore. Zoya’s grandfather, the priest of the Znamenskaya Church in the Tambov village of Osino-Gai, Pyotr Ioannovich Kozmodemyansky, was drowned by the Bolsheviks in a local pond in the summer of 1918 after severe torture. Already in the Soviet years, the usual spelling of the surname was established - Kosmodemyansky. The son of a martyr priest and the father of the future heroine, Anatoly Petrovich, first studied at the theological seminary, but was forced to leave it.