Physical wear and tear of the enterprise's fixed assets. Depreciation of fixed assets

A feature of fixed assets and intangible assets is their repeated use. However, the time of their functioning has certain limits; it is due to their wear and time useful application. Under wear and tear fixed assets and intangible assets should be understood as their partial or complete loss of their value and consumer properties, both during operation and during their inactivity. A distinction is made between physical and obsolete depreciation of fixed assets.

Physical deterioration represents the loss of fixed assets of their production technical qualities during operation and the influence of natural and climatic conditions. For sizes physical wear and tear fixed assets in the process of their use are influenced by a number of factors:

the degree of load on fixed assets in the production process;

quality of fixed assets;

peculiarities technological process and the degree of protection of fixed assets from influence external conditions;

qualifications of workers and their relationship to fixed assets;

quality of care for fixed assets.

To determine the physical wear and tear of fixed assets, two methods are used. One is based on a comparison of actual and standard service life or volumes of work, the other is based on data on the technical condition of the means of labor established during the inspection process.

The coefficient of physical wear and tear (AND PHY) for the volume of work can be established only for those inventory objects that have a certain productivity (machines, machine tools). This coefficient can be determined by the formula:

where AND PHYS is the percentage of physical wear and tear;

T FACT - the number of years actually used by the equipment;

T NORM - standard service life (life beneficial use);

M FACT - average quantity of products actually produced per year (actual annual productivity);

M - annual production capacity (annual standard productivity).

The physical wear and tear of individual inventory items can also be determined by their service life. This method is applicable to all types of fixed assets. Based on the assumption that physical wear and tear occurs evenly throughout the entire service life of the means of labor, the coefficient of this wear and tear can be determined using the following formula:

. (11)

Based on the nature of physical wear and tear and renewal period, fixed production assets are divided into the following groups:

structures high strength- dams, dikes, tunnels, etc. They are characterized by slow wear and are subject to partial major renovation at long intervals;

buildings, structures, machines in which individual parts wear out and are periodically restored through major repairs;

some types of machines (cars, tractors, combines, etc.), elements and parts of which, as they wear out, are subject to systematic renewal and replacement with new ones (except for main structures);

some types of structures and transmission devices (railway and tram tracks, electrical networks, etc.), the renewal of which occurs continuously, through the complete replacement of all elements and parts;

equipment, equipment and tools that are subject to complete replacement at the end of their service life.

Physical wear and tear that occurs during operation of an object is called physical (material) wear and tear of the first kind. It is predominant and determines the extent of wear, the need repair work and, to a large extent, the service life of the facility.

However, OPFs of industry wear out not only during operation, but also when they are inactive. Physical wear in this case occurs as a result of natural physical and chemical influences ( physical wear and tear of the second type); Thus, when oxidized by atmospheric oxygen, iron and steel rust, and aluminum corrodes. The size of the losses is very significant; annual losses of metal from rust reach a third of the smelted volume.

Fixed production assets undergo not only physical but also moral wear and tear.

Obsolescence manifests itself in the loss of economic efficiency and feasibility of using fixed production assets before the expiration of complete physical wear and tear. In this case, the loss of value occurs regardless of whether the fixed production assets participated in production process or not.

There are two types of obsolescence. Both of them are a consequence of technological progress. But the economic consequences of both are different, and the need to take them into account for compensation purposes is not the same. The amount of obsolescence of both the first and second types is taken into account, as a rule, during the revaluation of fixed assets. Obsolescence of the first type consists in reducing the cost of machinery or equipment due to the reduction in the cost of their reproduction in modern conditions.

The relative amount of obsolescence of the first type can be calculated using the formula:

(12)

where OF PERV is the initial cost of the instrument of labor;

OF VOSST - replacement cost of the instrument of labor.

Obsolescence of the second type due to the creation and introduction into production of more advanced and economical types of machines and equipment.

When considering obsolescence of the second type, partial and complete wear and tear, as well as its hidden form, are distinguished.

Partial obsolescence- this is a partial loss of use value and value of the machine. Its gradually increasing dimensions in individual operations can reach such values ​​when it turns out to be advisable to use the machine in other operations, in other production conditions, where it will still be quite effective.

Complete obsolescence- this is a complete depreciation of the machine when its further operation in any conditions is unprofitable. There is a likely situation where unprofitable operations are still possible, but they are implemented on more productive machines. An outdated car is dismantled for spare parts or scrapped.

A Hidden Form of Obsolescence implies the threat of depreciation of the machine due to the fact that the task for the development of new, more productive and economical equipment has been approved.

The traditional interpretation of obsolescence considers only those changes in use value that lead to changes in economic efficiency. However, the use value of tools of labor is characterized both by the quantity and quality of products produced with their help, and by the working conditions that they provide. Underestimation of social factors impoverishes the content of the concepts of “use value” and “obsolescence” of technology.

Change social characteristics means of labor can be identified as a relatively independent form of movement of their use value, and the decrease in these characteristics can be defined as social wear and tear.

The amount of social wear and tear on the means of labor is determined by the degree of discrepancy between the social characteristics of a given means or a given set of means of labor from their socially normal level.

This discrepancy may be due to two reasons:

due to the physical wear and tear of this means of labor, its social characteristics have changed (for example, safety has decreased, harmful emissions have increased, dustiness of the workplace, etc.) - social form of physical wear and tear,

the very level of socially normal social characteristics has changed (for example, workplace illumination standards have become more stringent, maximum permissible concentrations harmful substances or other norms) - social form of obsolescence.

The social form of both physical and moral wear and tear together constitutes a single concept of social wear and tear. Thus, the concept of “social wear and tear of means of labor” has relative independence and plays a significant role in the analysis of socio-economic processes occurring during the renewal of the production apparatus.

Depending on the nature of the impact of new equipment and technology on a person (directly in the workplace or indirectly, through environment) we can distinguish two types of social wear and tear: actual social and environmental. Actually social wear form caused by the emergence of new technology that improves working conditions, as well as changes in the level of socially normal norms (primarily in terms of working conditions). Environmental wear form caused by the emergence of new technology, which, to a lesser extent than the previous one, has negative impact on the environment, as well as tightening standards and restrictions on the degree and nature of the impact of production on the environment.

The varieties of social forms of wear and tear are determined by the internal heterogeneity and multidimensionality of social wear and tear as a form of movement of the use value of means of labor. The environmental form of equipment wear has a certain specificity. If the actual social form is associated with the divergence of working conditions from their socially normal level at a given workplace, then environmental wear and tear sometimes does not directly affect the local characteristics of workplaces, but is associated with global consequences.

Environmental wear and tear, while having certain specifics, nevertheless has much in common with social wear and tear itself, and can be considered within the framework of a single social form. Consideration of different types of social wear and tear leads to the conclusion that it is more economically feasible to prevent environmental pollution and create progressive working conditions in production from the very beginning than to deal with the consequences of unfavorable conditions.

In the process of functioning of fixed assets, they reach the limit of physical and moral wear and tear and the need to replace them with new ones. The mechanism for transferring part of the value of fixed assets to a newly created product is called depreciation and allows, by the time of complete wear and tear, to accumulate funds for reproduction.

Depreciation of fixed assets.Wear and tear characterizes the aging processexisting fixed assets both in physical and economicin a technical sense. Depreciation of fixed assets is determined and accounted for buildings and structures, transmission devices, machinery and equipment, vehicles, production and household equipment, draft animals, perennial plantings that have reached operational age, and intangible assets. Depreciation of fixed assets is determined for a full calendar year (regardless of what month of the reporting year they were acquired or constructed) in accordance with established standards. Depreciation is not charged in excess of 100% of the cost of fixed assets. Accrued depreciation in the amount of 100% of the cost of objects (items) that are suitable for further use cannot serve as a basis for writing them off due to wear and tear.

There are two types of wear and tear - physical and moral (Fig. 10.4).

Rice. 10.4. Depreciation of fixed assets

Physical deterioration- this is a change in the mechanical, physical, chemical and other properties of material objects under the influence of labor processes, natural forces and other factors. In economic terms, physical wear and tear represents the loss of original use value due to wear, disrepair and obsolescence. To determine the physical wear and tear of fixed assets, two calculation methods are used - by volume of work and by service life.

The first method of calculating wear and tear - by volume of work - is based on the comparability of actual and standard service lives or volumes of work. Physical wear rate (AND) can be established only for those objects that have a certain productivity (machines, machine tools). This coefficient can be determined by the formula

The second method of calculating wear - by service life is based on data on technical condition labor tools installed during the survey. The physical depreciation coefficient can be applied to all types of fixed assets. The coefficient of physical wear and tear over service life is determined by the formula

Obsolescence manifests itself in the loss of economic efficiency and feasibility of using fixed assets before the expiration of complete physical wear and tear. Obsolescence of the first type is a decrease in the cost of machinery or equipment due to the reduction in the cost of their reproduction in modern conditions. In this case, the relative amount of obsolescence (AND) calculated by the formula

Obsolescence of the second type is due to the creation and introduction into production of more productive and economical types of machinery and equipment. Obsolescence of the second type can be partial or complete, and also have a hidden form. It is determined by the formula

Partial obsolescence- this is a partial loss of use value and value of the machine. Its constantly increasing size may lead to the use of this machine in other operations where it will still be quite effective. Complete obsolescence represents a complete depreciation of the machine at which its further use is unprofitable. A Hidden Form of Obsolescence implies a threat of depreciation of the machine due to the fact that the task for the development of new, more productive and economical equipment has been approved.

Depreciation of fixed assets.Depreciation of fixed assets - this is the transfer of part of the value of fixed assets to a newly created product for the subsequent reproduction of fixed assets at the timebefore they are completely worn out. Depreciation in cash expresses the depreciation of fixed assets and is charged to production costs (cost) based on depreciation rates. Depreciation ratetions for complete restoration (renovation) (#a) is determined by the formula

Where F P - initial cost of fixed assets, rub.; L - liquidation value of fixed assets, rub.; D- cost of dismantling liquidated fixed assets and other costs associated with liquidation, rub.; G a - depreciation period, year.

Depreciation charges for fixed assets are accrued from the first month following the month the object was accepted for accounting until the cost of the object is fully repaid or it is written off. accounting in connection with termination of ownership or other property rights. Annual depreciation is calculated using one of the following methods (methods):

in a linear way, based on the original cost of fixed assets and depreciation rates;

reducing balance method based on the residual value of fixed assets and depreciation rates;

method of writing off the cost by the sum of the number of years of useful lifeno use, based on the initial cost of fixed assets and the annual ratio, where the numerator is the number of years remaining until the end of the service life of the object, and the denominator is the service life of the object;

method of writing off the cost in proportion to the volume of productionduction (works), based on the volume of production in physical terms in the reporting period and the ratio of the initial cost of fixed assets and the expected volume of production (work) for the entire useful life of fixed assets.

The use of one of the methods for calculations for a group of homogeneous fixed assets is carried out throughout the entire useful life. During the reporting year, depreciation is accrued monthly, regardless of the calculation method used, in the amount 1 / P annual amount. In accordance with the Accounting Rules, enterprises can use all four methods of calculating annual depreciation. However, for profit tax purposes, according to the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, annual depreciation is calculated by two methods - linear or non-linear (Table 10.1). When calculating the amount of depreciation using the straight-line method, the formula is used

Where TO- depreciation rate as a percentage of the original (replacement) cost of the property; P- useful life of the property, months.

Table 10.1 Depreciation methods

Depreciation is calculated using the non-linear method using the formula

Where TO- depreciation rate as a percentage of the residual value of the property.

Example. Let's consider the choice of depreciation method using a simplified example: depreciation group V, equipment with an initial cost of 1 million rubles. and a period of use of 10 years.

1. Linear depreciation. Let us determine the monthly and annual depreciation rates according to the following scheme:

K =(1/l) x 100%;

TO months = 1/120 months x 100% = 0.8333%;

TO cha = 1/10 years x 100% = 10% of the original (replacement) cost of the property.

The result of calculating depreciation is presented in table. 10.2. Linear depreciation is characterized by the fact that the cost is written off evenly and by the end of the useful life a zero residual value is achieved.

Table 10.2 Depreciation calculation linear method (end of year data)

2. Non-linear depreciation. Menstruation and annual norm depreciation is calculated according to the following scheme:

K = 21 p x 100%;

TO YEAR = 2/10 x 100% = 20% of the residual value of the equipment.

The results of depreciation calculations are presented in table. 10.3. With the non-linear method of calculating depreciation, deductions are gradually reduced and the cost of equipment or buildings is not completely written off. Therefore, if the residual value of the equipment has reached 20% of the original value, then this amount is divided by the remaining useful life and written off evenly. In our example (see Table 10.3), at the end of the seventh year of useful use of the equipment, its residual value reached 20% of the original value and amounted to 209,920 rubles. This amount is divided by the remaining useful life (36 months) and written off evenly (monthly) over three years:

209,920/36 = 5831 rub./month. or

5831 x 12 months. = 69,973 rub./year.

Table 10.3 Calculation of depreciation using the nonlinear method(end of year data)

Linear and nonlinear methods of calculating depreciation are graphically presented in Fig. 10.5.

Rice. 10.5. Linear and non-linear methods of calculating depreciation

It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of “wear and tear” and “depreciation” of fixed assets. Depreciation of fixed assets is determined and taken into account for almost all types of fixed assets, regardless of whether depreciation is charged on them or not. For fixed assets for which depreciation is calculated, depreciation is assumed to be equal to depreciation. For fixed assets for which depreciation is not charged, depreciation is determined based on their useful life.

The tendency to wear out is inherent in many types of property accounted for by the company, including fixed assets. What types of depreciation of fixed assets there are and how to determine it will be discussed in the publication.

Concept and types of depreciation of fixed production assets (FPAs)

OPF are assets designed to be used in production for a long time (more than 1 year) and wear out during operation.

Wear and tear is considered to be the gradual loss of an object’s consumer qualities and, accordingly, its value. It happens in different ways. Some objects wear out due to obsolescence and dilapidation of constituent materials, mechanical wear, metal fatigue under the influence of production processes, natural phenomena and other factors, and others - due to loss of expediency of use and reduced economic efficiency in application. And since production assets wear out completely various reasons, then this phenomenon is classified according to them.

Based on the listed criteria, the types of depreciation of fixed assets include physical and moral wear and tear.

Obsolescence of fixed assets

Obsolescence of the OS is revealed in the depreciation of the OS as a consequence of the emergence of technical innovations, sometimes long before the end of the SPI. A distinction is made between 1st and 2nd order obsolescence.

The 1st category includes wear and tear caused by an increase in labor productivity in industries producing pharmaceutical products. This process leads to a reduction in the cost of manufactured objects that already have increased competitiveness due to lower prices.

Obsolescence of 2nd order fixed assets occurs as a result of the creation of the most cost-effective fixed assets, the emergence of new facilities that ensure increased production productivity.

Obsolescence can be partial or complete. Depreciation is recognized as partial, representing a shared loss of the consumer value of the object. Depending on the specifics of production, partial obsolescence of an object can be prevented by using it in other operations where efficiency will be higher.

Complete obsolescence is considered to be the complete devaluation of an object. In such cases, its use in production becomes unprofitable.

Physical wear and tear of fixed assets

Physical wear and tear of the OS means loss of use value. Distinguish between productive and unproductive wear. Productive wear is characterized by loss of value, which is the result of operation; non-productive wear and tear is an invariable attribute of objects under conservation for various reasons, such as impossibility of use, natural aging, etc.

Physical wear and tear can be complete or partial. When complete, OS objects are replaced by new assets, since their service life has expired and the cost of the OS has completely transferred into the price of manufactured products. An example is capital construction, when a constructed building replaces a worn-out one. Partial physical wear and tear presupposes the possibility of further operation of the object, carrying out repair work, reconstruction, if appropriate, or carrying out assessment work to determine the percentage of wear and tear of the object and establish the possibility of its operation or sale.

Wear calculation methods

The degree of physical wear and tear of fixed assets depends on factors such as intensity and duration of operation, characteristic features OS designs and operating conditions. We will look at methods for calculating the wear and tear of buildings, since they are the ones that most often require a professional assessment.

Special literature on assessment describes 5 methods for calculating the physical deterioration of buildings. These are the methods:

• reimbursement of expenses;
• chronological age;
• effective age;
• expert;
• breakdowns.

Let's look at the features of each of them.

1. Cost compensation consists of equating the amount of wear and tear to the cost of eliminating it, which is an excellent justification for the amount of wear and tear. The disadvantage of the method is that it is labor-intensive to calculate, especially for large buildings.
2. When using the chronological calculation method, the formula is used:

   And physical = B x / B ss x 100, where B x is the actual age of the object, B ss is the service life of the building according to the standard.

   Let's calculate the physical wear and tear of the building, example:

   Let us determine the wear and tear of a building that has served for 750 months at standard deadline service of 1200 months.

   And physical = 750 / 1200 x 100 = 62.5%

   The advantage of the method is the simplicity of calculation, but it does not take into account repairs and replacements that occurred during operation, which often happens in practice. Therefore, this method is considered effective for calculating wear and tear in the first years of operation of the OS; if a building is more than 10 years old, it should not be used.;

3. Calculation by the effective age method has 3 variations:

   And physical = V e / V ss x 100%, where where V e is the effective age of the object, i.e. the expert evaluates the structure by its appearance.

   And physical = (In ss - In ost) / In ss x 100%

   And physical = (1 – V ost / V ss) x 100%, where V ost is the remaining service life of the building.

   Substituting the initial data of the previous example into the formulas and adding the expert’s estimate of 720 months, we obtain the following values:

   And physical = 720 / 1200 x 100 = 60%

   And physical = (1200 – 450) / 1200 x 100 = 62.5%

   And physical = (1 – 450 / 1200) x 100 = 62.5%

   The disadvantage of the method is the impossibility of convincingly justifying the effective age of the structure. There is a large error in the calculations (this can be seen from the first formula).

4. The expert method is based on a rating scale for determining wear and tear, proposed in the “Rules for assessing the physical wear and tear of residential buildings” VSN 53-86r. Its value is determined by external damage to the elements. This method is used by BTI employees when issuing technical passports. Wear is determined by the formula:

   And physical = ∑ (I k x UV k) x 100%, where I k is the amount of wear of a certain element in the building, calculated according to the rules of VSN 53-86r, UV k - specific gravity this element in the building.

   The specified legal acts describe the expert methodology in detail; we introduce only the principle of calculation. Expert method is the most commonly used.

5. The breakdown method proposes to establish physical wear as a whole by summing the wear values ​​by separate groups, expressed in:
   • Correctable wear and tear (delayed repairs);
   • Irreparable wear of short-lived (i.e., repeatedly replaced during operation) elements;

   At different stages of determining wear, all of the above methods for calculating physical wear can be used.

   • Irreparable wear and tear of long-lived elements (recovery of which is only possible with major repairs of the building) elements.

A feature of fixed assets is their reusability. However, their operation time has certain periods, which are limited by wear and tear and useful life.

Under depreciation of fixed assets and intangible assets should be understood as a gradual loss of its value or useful use with a corresponding transfer to production costs.

There are physical, moral and social wear and tear of fixed assets.

I. Physical wear and tear- this is the loss of fixed assets of their production and technical qualities during operation and the influence of natural and climatic conditions.

Physical wear that occurs during the operation of an object is called physical wear of the first kind. It is predominant and determines the extent of wear, the need for repair work and the service life of the object. Physical wear that occurs when equipment is inactive as a result of natural physical and chemical influences is called physical wear of the second type.

The amount of physical wear and tear is influenced by a number of factors:

The degree of load on fixed assets in the production process;

Quality of fixed assets;

Features of the technological process and degree of protection from external conditions;

The qualifications of workers and their relationship to fixed assets;

Quality of care for fixed assets;

To determine physical wear and tear, two calculation methods are used: 1. based on a comparison of actual and standard service lives and volumes of work; 2.based on data on the technical condition of the means of labor established during the inspection process.

The coefficient of physical wear and tear by volume of work is calculated only for those inventory items that have a certain productivity (machines, machine tools). And it is calculated by the formula:

I f = (T f * P f)/ (T n * P n) * 100%,

T f - the number of years actually worked by the machine;

T n - standard service life;

P f - the average amount of products actually produced per year;

P n - annual production capacity (or standard labor productivity).

The physical depreciation of individual inventory objects can be determined using the coefficient of physical depreciation by service life (used for all types of fixed assets), based on the fact that physical deterioration occurs evenly throughout the entire service life of the object below the standard.

I f = T f / T n * 100%,

If the actual service life is equal to or greater than the standard one, then the physical wear coefficient is calculated using the formula:

And f = T f / (T f + T c)

T in - the possible residual service life of the object in excess of what was actually achieved in this moment service life.

The physical condition of fixed assets on a certain date is characterized by the serviceability coefficient of the fixed assets, which is calculated by the formula:

K g = [(P s - I)/P s ]* 100%

where P s is the initial cost of fixed assets (or replacement cost);

I - the amount of wear and tear (depreciation over the entire period of operation).

II. In addition to physical wear and tear, obsolescence of fixed assets is a loss of economic efficiency and feasibility of using basic production assets before the expiration of the period of complete physical wear and tear. In this case, the loss of value occurs regardless of whether fixed assets participated in the production process or not. There are two types of obsolescence:

Obsolescence of the 1st kind is caused by an increase in labor productivity in industries producing elements of the fixed capital, due to which the production of previously produced machines is carried out with less labor costs and they become cheaper.

And m = (P s - V s / P s) * 100%,

where P s and V s are the initial and replacement cost of fixed assets.

Obsolescence of the second kind is associated with the emergence of new, more productive equipment produced at the same costs, which leads to a decrease in the relative usefulness of obsolete fixed assets.

Im= (P2 - P1)/P2*100%,

where P 2, P 1 - the productivity of modern and outdated machines.

When considering obsolescence of the second type, partial complete and hidden obsolescence are distinguished.

Partial obsolescence is a partial loss of consumer value and value of machines. It may be advisable to use machines in other operations, in other production conditions, where it will still be effective.

Complete obsolescence is the complete depreciation of a machine when its operation in any conditions is unprofitable.

Hidden obsolescence - implies the threat of depreciation of the machine due to the fact that there is a task to develop a new, more productive and economical one.

III. Social wear and tear– determined by the degree of divergence of social characteristics given period with its socially normal level. This discrepancy may be due to two reasons:

Due to the physical wear and tear of labor, its social characteristics change (for example, a decrease in safety, an increase in harmful emissions, dustiness of the workplace, etc.) in this case, social wear and tear is an element of physical wear and tear.

Due to changes in the level of socially normal social characteristics (for example, the severity of the illumination standards of the workplace, the maximum permissible concentration of harmful substances, etc.) in this case, social wear and tear is an element of obsolescence.

Together, these two concepts constitute social wear and tear, which has two varieties:

1. The moral form of social wear and tear is caused by the emergence of new technology that improves working conditions and changes in the level of socially normal norms (in terms of working conditions)

2. The environmental form of obsolescence is caused by the emergence of new technology, which, to a lesser extent than the previous one, has a negative impact on the environment, as well as by tightening standards and restrictions on the degree and nature of the impact of production on the environment. This type of wear is associated with global consequences. Consideration different types social wear and tear shows that it is more economically profitable to prevent environmental pollution and create progressive working conditions from the very beginning than to deal with the consequences of unfavorable conditions.

Depreciation of fixed assets of an enterprise – this is an economic category that characterizes a decrease in the degree of subsequent serviceability or a decrease in the consumer attractiveness of any properties of objects technological equipment(or other fixed assets). In fact, depreciation demonstrates a decrease in value or complete depreciation of fixed capital.

Types and types of depreciation of fixed assets

• Physical deterioration, the main reason for which is the change physical properties and components of the fixed assets. The result of this type of equipment wear is a decrease in profitability indicators working capital behind check decreased productivity, increased resource intensity and increased operating costs (maintenance, repairs).This type of depreciation is subject to accounting and assessment ;

• Functional wear implies a decrease not in physical properties, but in the consumer attractiveness of certain functions of the enterprise’s fixed assets, due to the improvement of technologies in the production of similar equipment. It is divided into two types: moral and technological wear and tear;

• Social wear and tear is defined as a decrease in the social characteristics of fixed capital due to changes in legislative standards with which it must comply. For example, increasing requirements for atmospheric emissions will lead to social wear and tear of equipment that does not comply with accepted standards;

• Environmental wear and tear is ensured by the introduction of new technologies for the production of fixed assets, allowing to reduce the negative impact on the environment. In addition, it may arise as a result of the introduction of new regulatory standards for environmental protection and rational use natural resources, which do not correspond;

• Economic wear and tear implies a loss in the value of the fixed asset due to the influence external factors(progress and market conditions), independent of the company. These include the appearance on the market of high-performance fixed assets, a decrease in demand for manufactured products, increased competition in sales markets, legislative restrictions, etc.

There are two types of depreciation of fixed capital:

- Removable– this type of wear can be eliminated using a set of physical actions that are economically justified (for example, repairing broken equipment components);

- Fatal– such wear is impossible or economically unprofitable to eliminate by physical force.

Conclusion

Period efficient work The company's fixed assets are directly related to the intensity of use of fixed capital, the quality and regularity of maintenance, repairs, design features of equipment, and the natural conditions in which fixed assets are operated. However, no matter how well you maintain your equipment, it will eventually wear out.

And before proceeding with wear calculations, it is necessary to determine exactly what type each case of deterioration in the serviceability of equipment belongs to. This will allow you to select the appropriate formula for calculation and correctly eliminate the consequences of depreciation of fixed assets. Some of them can be eliminated by repair, and some can only be eliminated by complete modernization.

Knowledge of the properties and characteristics of different types of wear will allow you to carry out the most effective strategy depreciation of fixed assets, timely modernization, repair and replacement of obsolete equipment. And this, in turn, will affect the productivity of fixed capital, reducing production costs and, as a result, increasing the efficiency of the production process.

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